Test Yourself 5.

4
1. Attraction forces between ________________ atom that is bonded to a high electronegativity
atom, such as ________, _________, or _________, towards the
__________________________________________________ in another molecule.

2. In hydrogen fluoride, HF molecule, hydrogen atom that is bonded to fluorine atom will form
__________________ with ___________ atom in another hydrogen fluoride molecule.
There are also ______________________ forces between hydrogen fluoride molecule.
More heat is needed to ________ the strong ______________bond, besides ____________
the van der Waals forces between molecules. Hence, hydrogen fluoride has high boiling point
and exists as liquid at room temperature.

3. No. Size of chlorine atom is too large and result in lower electronegativity. Hydrogen bond
can only be formed when the ____________ atom is bonded to high electronegativity atom.

4. Cellulose in paper has -OH group. The ___________ atom that is bonded to ____________
atom in cellulose will form ___________ bond with the __________ atom in water molecule.
The ____________ atom in water molecule then forms another hydrogen bond with the
____________ atom in cellulose molecule. Thus, paper stick together when wet.
Test Yourself 5.6
1. __________________ formed when the lone paired of electrons are contributed by only one
atom to be shared between two atoms.

2. Nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons. H+ ion does not have
any electron in the shell. So, nitrogen atom contributes the ________________________ to
be shared with hydrogen ion, forming _________ bond.

3. Yes.
Nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule has a lone pair of electrons. So, nitrogen atom
contributes the lone pair of electrons _____________________ with boron atom, forming a
dative bond.

Test Yourself 5.7

1. Ionic compounds have ___________ melting and boiling points.
2. These two compounds are formed through the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.
3. (a) ________________ in water
(b) ________
(c) In the solid, Mg2+ ion and OH- ion are attracted to each other in lattice structure. These
ions __________________________________________________________________.
 4. (a) The melting point and boiling point of diamond is __________than methane.
Carbon atoms in diamond are bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds. A lot of
heat energy is needed to break the covalent bond.
Methane molecules are attracted to each other by _____________________________.
Only a little ______________ is needed to _______________ the forces of attraction
between molecules.

(b) Diamond _____________________ electricity.

Diamond is made up of ________________________. There are no _________________
to _______________________________.

Test Yourself 5.6

1. Valence electrons that are donated from the metal atoms and move freely. These electrons are
not owned by any atom or ion.

2. The valence electron of metal atom can be easily donated and delocalised. Positively charged
metal ions are formed. These delocalised valence electrons can move freely within the metal
structure to form a sea of electron. The electrostatic attraction between the
_______________________ and the ____________________________ form metallic bonds.

3. Aluminium atom can easily ________ its valence electrons. Al3+ ion is produced.
The valence electrons can move freely and delocalise within the metallic structure to form
____________________. When metal is connected to an electrical source, these delocalised
electrons can move freely and carry electrical charges from the ___________ terminal to the
____________ terminal and thus, conducting electricity.