X - SFDS
MAPEH REVIEWER
TONALITY
- Organizing musical composition
Tonality = “keynotes”
ATONALITY
- Do not live within the confines of a
particular key signature
IMPRESSIONISM 1890 - 1920 - 19th - 20th
century
- The sentimental melodies and
dramatic emotionalism of the
preceding romantic period
- The sound of different chords
overlapped lightly with each other
- Centered on nature, beauty,
lightness, and brilliance
THE THREE PRIMARY
CHARACTERISTICS
- Fluidity - lack of strong rhythmic
- Atmosphere - how music feels and
sounds
- Tone color - quality of sound
ARTIST : CLAUDE DEBUSSY
- French composer
- First impressionist composer
- Most influential composers
- Evoke a mood, feeling, atmosphere,
or scene”
Famous piece
- Prelude a lapres
ARTIST: MAURICE RAVEL 19th - 20th
century
- Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French
composer, pianist, and conductor
- France's greatest living composer
- Interest in bitonality - writing in 2
keys simultaneously
Famous piece
- Bolero
EXPRESSIONISM
- High level of dissonance, extreme
contrast of dynamics, constant
changing of textures
- Distorted melodies and harmonies
- Fantasy, violence, anxiety horror,
and sci-fi movie sounds
- It aims to convey deep emotion
- First applied in music in 1918,
especially to Schoenberg
- The traditional form of beauty
- Respond to widespread anxiety and
feelings of rage, anger, sorrow, and
depression
ARTIST : ARNOLD SCHOENBER
- Austrian-American composer, music
theorist, teacher, writer and painter
- Most influential composers of the
20th century
- New method: atonality, serialism,
12-tone row
Famous piece
- Wind quintet
FEATURES OF EXPRESSIONISM
Dissonance - the quality of sound that is
unstable
Atonal - music with lock key or tonal center
Dynamic - loudness and softness of the
music
Constant changing of texture - overall
quality of sounds in the piece
AFRICAN MUSIC 1960’s
- Characterized by complex rhythms,
polyrhythms, and call-and-response
pattern
- Emerged in the 1960’s
Call-and-response
- A person leads by singing a phrase
and is followed by another group or
person
JUJU
- From Nigeria that relies on the
traditional Yoruba rhythms
KWASSA-KWASSA
- In dance style, the hips move back
and forth, whistle the arms follow hip
movement.
- Shake Your Booty dance style began
in the late 80s

INSTRUMENTS MARABI
Thumb Piano - agidigbo - Three-chord township music of the
Rattle - sekere 1930s-1960s which evolved into
Bell - agogo African jazz
Talking drums
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

AFROBEAT
- Describe the fusion of West African
with black American music
APALA
- To wake up the worshippers after
fasting during the Muslim feast of
Ramadan
AXE
- Musical genres from Salvador,
Bahia, and Brazil
- Fuses the afro-Caribbean style of
the marcha, reggae, and calypso
JIT
- Hard and fast Zimbabwe dance
music
JIVE
- Featuring a lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a form of
swing dance
MARACATU
- Combination of strong rhythms of
African percussion
BLUES
- Most widely performed musical
forms in the late 19th century
- Expressive and soulful
SOUL
- Popular music genre of the 1950s
and 1960’s which originated in the
African-American community
- Combines elements of
African-American gospel music,
rhythms, and blues, and often jazz
SPIRITUAL
- Originated in the US and created by
African-American slaves
- Known as NEGRO SPIRITUAL
- Imparting Christian values and a
way of venting their hardship as
slaves
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS TRADITIONAL COMPOSER

IDIOPHONES Fransisco Santiago

- Produce by the body of the - Father of kundiman
instruments vibrating - Obtained doctorate in 1924
Agogo - First filipino director of the UP
Shekere conservatory of music
slit/log drum Pieces
Atingting kon (slit gong) Pakiusap
Balafon Madaling araw
Sakali man
MEMBRANOPHONES Pilipinas kong mahal
- Produced by the vibration of a tightly Hibik ng pilipinas
stretched membrane Ano kaya ang kapalaran
Body percussion Kundiman
Talking drum
Djembe Nicanor Abelardo
- Studied music at the chicago music
LAMELLAPHONE college
- Produced by the vibration of tongues - Elevated the status of kundiman into
of metal wood or other material an art song status

Mbira - kalimba
Array mbira

CHORDOPHONES
- Produced by vibration of a string or
strings that are stretched between
fixed points Antonio Molina
- First national artist for music
Musical bowl - Dean of centro escolar university
zere - Claude Debussy of the Philippines
- Received the national artist for
music award in 1973

Ryan Cayabyab
- Mr. C
- He was named National Artist for
music in 2018
RYAN CAYABYAB
- Spans both popular and classical
worlds with his popular ballads,
musical plays, operas, ballet,
zarzuela, orchestral, and choral
composition

NICANOR ABELARDO
- Contributed to elevating the
kundiman as an art song form

FRANSISCO SANTIAGO
- Considered the father of Kundiman

ANTONIO MOLINA
- Came to be known as the FATHER
OF PHILIPPINE IMPRESSIONIST
MUSIC”

LUCIO SAN PEDRO

- He was born on February 11, 1913
in Angono, Rizal. He studied the
banjo which inspired him to become
a serious musician. SA