STRAND

-INFORMATION COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION
SUB STRAND
-SAFETY, HEALTH, SECURITY AND ETHICS
(1 HOUR)

FACILITATOR
MR. MUTAI
 SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
 a) investigate health risks related to use of ICT tools for

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safety,
 b) apply safety measures to reduce potential health risks
related to use of ICT tools,

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 c) analyse ethical and legislation concerns related to ICT
in learning,
 d) explore strategies to curb computer security threats and
attacks,
 e) appreciate examining computer attacks and security
threats to protect data.

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HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO USE OF ICT
 Electrocution

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 Fire from sockets

 Headache

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 Eye strain

 Backache

 Tripping over cables

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…HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO USE OF
ICT

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…HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO USE OF
ICT

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…HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO USE OF
ICT

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SAFETY MEASURES

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 Electrocution
-well insulated cable and power sockets

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-Avoid overloading of power sockets ,it cause shock
and fire
-Avoid Faulty AC Adapter
-A faulty battery
 Fire from sockets

 -Avoid using faulty sockets

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 Headache
 Staring too much on the screen
 Make sure your computer monitor is at least 20 to 25

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inches away from your eyes.
 Consider purchasing a blue light filter for your glasses or
computer monitor.
 Keep the lighting in the room as bright as your monitor.
 Avoid overly dark rooms.
 Prevent glare on your computer screen.
 Make your font as large as possible.
 Take as many breaks as you can. Experts recommend 20
minutes away from your screen every two hours, in
addition to shorter breaks every 20 or 30 minutes.
 Sit up straight, as poor posture can lead to neck tension,
which can contribute to headaches 8
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 Eye strain,
 Bad monitor resolution, flickering, or glare at the

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monitor
 Poor lighting conditions in the computer room

 distance between eye and screen readability of

the screen
 Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the CRT
(UVA)
 Staring at anything for a long period of time

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 Backache
 caused from the efforts of the muscle to hold your

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posture for long periods of time
 sit in an upright neutral posture

 Uncomfortable chairs

 Poor posture

 Inactivity

 Use an adjustable computer desk

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 ……Backache

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 Have the computer monitor at eye level
 Have your keyboard at a height that allows your elbows to
rest at your sides. Forearms should be level with the

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keyboard and parallel with the floor
 Adjust your chair so your feet are flat against the floor
 Use an ergonomic chair designed to hold your spine’s
natural curve
 Use an ergonomic keyboard that supports a natural hand-
wrist position
 Take short breaks
 Do stretching exercises at your desk
 Stand as much as possible
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 Tripping over cables)
 Run the cord or wire along a wall if possible

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 Run the cord along the ceiling

 Tape the cord to the floor with duct tape.

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ETHICAL AND LEGISLATION IN ICT

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 Ethics
 -is a set of moral principles that govern the

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behavior of a group or individual. likewise,
computer ethics is set of moral principles that
regulate the use of computers.
 - Refers to the rules and standards governing the
conduct of an individual with others

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ETHICAL AND LEGISLATION IN ICT

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 PLAGIARISM
- is copying someone else's work and then passing it off as
one's own

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 FILE PRIVACY
-Any computer document produced either by an individual in
his private home or in his office should remain private.
- No one has should open any document unless authorized by
the individual who created the file himself
 CREATION OF WORMS AND COMPUTER VIRUS
 Creation of worms and computer viruses is morally bad
when it is intended for malicious purposes like to steal
information or destroying of data.
 SOFTWARE PRIVACY
  reproducing a copy of the software and sells it for profit,
produces exactly the same or similar version without giving
proper credit to the original author, or simply produces it 14
and distributes it to others
…..ETHICAL AND LEGISLATION IN ICT

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 AVOID SPAMMING  Spamming is sending
unsolicited bulk and/or commercial messages over the
Internet.  Spamming is morally bad if it is intended

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to destroy and done by infringing on the right of
privacy of others
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
- Industrial property ,- which includes inventions
(patents), trademarks, industrial designs, commercial
names, designations and geographic indications
(location specific brands) etc
-Copyright , which includes literary and artistic works
such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical
works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings,
photographs, sculptures, and architectural designs 15
….. ETHICAL AND LEGISLATION IN ICT

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 The World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO), has established similar guidelines in its
Copyright Law, for example. It is also generally

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agreed that the owner of the copyright (and only
the owner!) is authorized to do the following with
the work:
 reproduce it

 prepare derivative works based upon it

 distribute copies of it to the public

 perform the work publicly (if applicable)

 display the work publicly. 16

 COMPUTER SECURITY THREATS AND
ATTACKS

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 SECURITY
 -protection of information ,hardware and

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software against computer crimes,physical and
natural hazards
 Privacy

 -protection of private data or information agaist

misuse or anauthorirised access

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CAUSES OF DATA LOSS
 Attack by malicious programs

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-e.g viruses,worm and trojan horse
-virus
–it migrate through removable devices and computer network

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causing system failure or data loss
Worm
-it self replicates hence clogging the memory
Trojan-
-programs that masquerade as something else, may come in form
of downloadable games or free screen savers etc.
 Data manipulation
-altering or deleting data/inforamation for the purpose of sabotage
 Piracy
-illegal copying of copyrights protected data of data/information or
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software
STRATEGIES TO CURB COMPUTER SECURITY
THREATS AND ATTACKS

 Encryption-coding of data/information

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 Enforcing data & information access control policies

 Reinforce computer room security

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 Install security and antivirus software

 Put in place data recovery plan- backing up data,avail

fire extinguishers
 Avoid downloading stuff you are not sure of.

 Enable write protection on removable disk

 Use surge protectors &UPS –protect computers

against brownout or blackout

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COMPUTER SECURITY THREATS AND
ATTACKS

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 ASSIGNMENTS
KEY INQUIRY QUESTION

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 How do you reduce health risk related to use of ICT
devices?
 How do you curb ICT security threats and attacks?

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