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77 Dicmpw 1 S 953 G 7 I
77 Dicmpw 1 S 953 G 7 I
77 Dicmpw 1 S 953 G 7 I
UNIQUE FEATURES OF
Book Review or
AND REQUIREMENTS
Article Critique
IN COMPOSING
Literature
TEXTS THAT ARE
Review
USEFUL ACROSS
Research Report
DISCIPLINE
Project
Proposals
Position Paper
0
1
Book Review or
Article Critique
WHAT IS BOOK REVIEW?
A review gives the reader a concise summary of the content. This includes a description
of the research topic and scope of analysis as well as an overview of the book's overall
perspective, argument, and purpose.
A review offers a critical assessment of the content in relation to other studies on the
same topic. This involves documenting your reactions to the work under review--what
strikes you as noteworthy or important, whether or not the arguments made by the
author(s) were effective or persuasive, and how the work enhanced your understanding of
the research problem under investigation.
In addition to analyzing a book's strengths and weaknesses, a scholarly review often
recommends whether or not readers would value the work for its authenticity and
overall quality. This measure of quality includes both the author's ideas and
arguments and covers practical issues, such as, readability and language,
organization and layout, indexing, and, if needed, the use of non-textual elements.
When writing a book review or article
critique, make sure to ask the
following:
What is the topic of the book or
article? What is its purpose?
Who are its intended readers?
Does the writer explicitly state
his/her thesis statement?
What theoretical assumptions (i.e., a scientific/logical explanation without evidence)
are mentioned in the book or article? Are they explicitly discuss?
What are the contributions of the book or article to the field (e.g., language,
psychology) it is situated in?
What problems and issues are discussed in the book or article?
What kind of information (e.g., observation, survey, statistics, and historical accounts)
are presented in the book or article? How they are used to support the arguments
or thesis?
Are there other ways of supporting the arguments or thesis aside from the information
used in the book or article? Is the author silent about these alternative ways of
REQUIREMENTS
Completing a book review or article critique means that you can pinpoint the strengths and
weaknesses of an article or book and that you can identify different perspectives. This task
also equips you with more skills to engage in discussions with an expert and makes you a
part of a community of scholars.
02
Literature Review
WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW?
A literature review is a type of academic writing that provides an overview
of a specific topic. It surveys scholarly work such as academic books (but
not textbooks), computerize databases, conference proceedings,
dissertation’s/theses, empirical studies government reports, historical
records, journal article, monographs, and statistical handbooks.
Annotated Literatu
Bibliograp Book re
hy Revie Review
Summarizes the w Reviews a significant
references and explain
number of scholarly
how important they are Evaluates a book work to be identify
in addressing the Review
what is known and not
research questions
known about a topic
FEATURES
This type of a review has the following
roles.
Literature Search
Review the documentation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) that you will
adopt and be familiar with its format in relation to writing a literature
review.
Choose and focus on a topic that you will explain.
Determine the kind and number of sources you will be using. Will your
literature review be exclusive to articles or will it include other documents?
Will you focus on experimental studies or will you also include theoretical
papers that explain a theory?
Survey the available online databases relevant to your topic. These
include Proquest, Science Direct, JSTOR, or Google Scholar. As much
as possible, include only the references published by top journals and
publishers.
REQUIREMENTS
Writing a literature review is composed of three distinct parts --literature
search, evaluation and analysis of articles and writing the literature review
Literature Search
Use relevant keywords when searching for scholarly documents or article.
For example, if your topic is about the impact of Facebook-based e-
portfolios on the writing skills of ESL learners, your possible keywords are
Facebook, ESL writing, e-portfolio, portfolio assessment, Facebook-based
e-portfolio, and social networking site.
Always include landmark studies or papers (i.e., studies which had
remarkably changed the field) related to your topic.
Always evaluate the sources for coverage and currency. Include only
those article directly related to your topic.
REQUIREMENTS
Writing a literature review is composed of three distinct parts --literature
search, evaluation and analysis of articles and writing the literature review
1.Decide what the problem is and prepare a rough idea on how this problem
can be addressed.
2.Develop or select a framework that will help you organize your ideas
systematically.
3.Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies,
and foundations, and international funding agencies.
4.Build your project proposal team and appoint a project leader who is
responsible for coordinating activities and communicating with the funding
agency.
5.Identify the organization that will probably fund your project. These can be
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, private companies
and foundations, and international funding agencies.
6.Hold and initial meeting with your team to discuss the plans in preparing the
REQUIREMENTS
in Preparing for a Project Proposal
1.The title page must be unnumbered but it is considered page I; the back
page of the title page is unnumbered as well; but it is considered page ii.
The abstract, which follows after the title page, is considered page 1 and
must already be numbered.
2.Do not use abbreviations on the title page.
3.Attach the curriculum vitae of the personnel who are part of them.
4.In the project implementation section, use a Gantt chart for
presenting the timeframe.
5.Write the abstract after you have completed the report.
6.Study the successful proposals that are similar to yours.
7.Be factual but use technical terms sparingly.
8.Choose a reader-friendly format
9.Use sections words to make your proposal more dynamic.
05
Position Paper
WHAT IS POSITION PAPER?
FEATURES
Arguing directly for the position: Writers must provide reasons for their positions. They do this
with facts, statistics, examples and anecdotes, quotes from experts, and analogies. Facts are
statements that can be proven objectively to be true. Although statistics may be mistaken for
facts, they often are only interpretations or correlations of numerical data. Examples and
anecdotes, in contrast, tend not to make truth claims or pretend to apply to everyone. Instead
they present particular stories and vivid images that work by appealing to readers’ emotions.
Analogies are comparisons that encourage readers to assume that what is true about one thing is
also true about something to which it is compared.
Counter-arguing objections and opposing positions: Writers of position papers try to anticipate
likely objections and questions readers might raise as well as opposing positions. Writers
may then concede or refute this counterargument. If the counterargument is thoughtful and
reasonable, the writer will concede. If however the criticism is flawed or weak, a writer will
refute it by poking holes in the logic and support of the counterargument.
Establishing credibility: Readers judge the credibility of a position paper by the way it presents the
issue, argues for the position, and counter-argues objections and opposing positions. Readers
expect writers to advocate forcefully for their positions, but at the same time they expect writers
to avoid misrepresenting other points of view, attacking opponents personally, or manipulating
readers’ emotions. A writer establishes credibility by creating a bond of trust with readers; this
is accomplished by demonstrating shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals.
FEATURES
1. Begin the writing process with an in-depth research
about the issue at hand.
2.Be aware of the various positions about the issue
and explain and analyze them objectively.
3.Reflect on your position and identify its
weaknesses.
4.Establish your credibility by citing reliable
sources.
5.Present a unique way of approaching the issue.
6.Limit your position paper to two pages.
7.Analyze your target readers and align your
arguments to their beliefs, needs, interest, and
motivations.
8.Summarize the other side’s counterarguments and refute them
with evidence.
9.Define unfamiliar terms at first mention.
10.Use an active voice as much possible. This will make your tone
dynamic and firm.
11.Arrange your evidence logically using an inductive or deductive
approach. 12.Check your paper for fallacies and revise accordingly.
13.Use ethical, logical, and emotional appeals. Ethical appeals relate to
your credibility and competence as writer, logical appeal refers to the
rational approach in developing and argument; emotional appeals
pertain to feelings evoked during arguments. Make sure to check
your appeals to ensure that they are not fallacious.
REQUIREMENTS
in Writing a Position Paper
READING READING AND WRITING SKILLS
END