Antenna Frequency Hopping

GBSS12.0
Feature Parameter Description

Issue 01

Date 2010-06-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping Contents

Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience ........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1

2 Overview .....................................................................................................................................2-1
3 Technical Description ..............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Antenna Hopping Selection Algorithm ........................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Relation Between Antenna Frequency Hopping and Frequency Hopping ................................... 3-1

4 Parameters .................................................................................................................................4-1
5 Counters ......................................................................................................................................5-1
6 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................6-1
7 Reference Documents .............................................................................................................7-1

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping 1 Introduction

1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes the antenna frequency hopping feature. It provides antenna hopping selection
algorithm, and relation between antenna frequency hopping and frequency hopping of this feature.
The feature involved is GBFD-113703 Antenna Frequency Hopping.

1.2 Intended Audience

It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GSM basics and have a working knowledge of
GSM telecommunication.
This document is intended for:
 Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems
 System operators who need a general understanding of this feature

1.3 Change History

The change history provides information on the changes in different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
 Feature change
Feature change refers to the change in the antenna frequency hopping feature of a specific product
version.
 Editorial change
Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was not
described in the earlier version.

Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
 01 (2010-06-30)
 Draft (2010-03-30)

01 (2010-06-30)
This is the first release of GBSS12.0.
Compared with issue Draft (2010-03-30) of GBSS12.0, issue 01 (2010-06-30) of GBSS12.0 incorporates
the changes described in the following table.

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change None. None.

Editorial change Parameters are presented in the form of Parameter ID instead None.
of Parameter Name.

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping 1 Introduction

Draft (2010-03-30)
This is the draft release of GBSS12.0.

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping 2 Overview

2 Overview
During a CS call or a PS data session, a single burst transmitted over the Um interface may be lost due
to interference or multipath fading. Thus proper coding and interleaving schemes are adopted in GSM to
minimize the impact of interference or multipath fading. If a speech frame is divided into multiple bursts
for transmission, the loss of a single burst has minimal impact on the speech quality. Antenna frequency
hopping can provide transmit diversity. Antenna frequency hopping can provide transmit diversity. After
the antenna frequency hopping is introduced, all the bursts of a speech frame are transmitted on
different paths. In this manner, the bursts are unlikely to be lost and the speech quality is ensured.
When traffic channels do not participate in frequency hopping or only a small number of frequencies
participate in frequency hopping, antenna frequency hopping brings substantial diversity gains without
increasing the number of frequencies in a base station.
In the case of slow-moving MSs with low coding rates, antenna frequency hopping brings substantial
diversity gains. In the case of fast-moving MSs with low coding rates (for example, the MSs are moving
along high-speed railways in the coverage area), antenna frequency hopping brings few diversity gains.
In the case of high coding rates or no coding, antenna frequency hopping brings negative diversity gains.
Antenna frequency hopping provides transmit diversity on the downlink. As shown in Figure 2-1, user
data is coded and interleaved to obtain the transmit signal S. S is divided into S1 and S2, which are then
transmitted through different antennas. In this manner, the probability that all the data of a user is lost is
reduced. In addition, the anti-attenuation capability of the receiver and the speech quality of the
slow-moving MS are improved. The downlink coverage area is also enlarged. Downlink transmit diversity
is used to overcome fast fading. Therefore, antenna frequency hopping is mainly applied in propagation
scenarios where multipath fading exists, for example, in suburban areas where wide coverage is
required.
Figure 2-1 Schematic drawing of antenna frequency hopping

S1

S
S2

With antenna frequency hopping, the system selects some TRXs in the serving cell according to the
antenna hopping selection algorithm to transmit the downlink data of a user. Thus, the data of the user is
transmitted by different antennas connected to these TRXs. All the TRXs used to transmit the data of the
same user form a TRX group. Each TRX in the TRX group has the same transmit power, for example,
when all the TRXs serve the underlaid or overlaid subcell of a concentric cell. The antennas that are
connected to the TRXs in one TRX group form an antenna hopping set. Each antenna hopping set
should have at least two antennas.

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping 3 Technical Description

3 Technical Description
3.1 Antenna Hopping Selection Algorithm
The HPANTMODE parameter must be set to Yes before antenna frequency hopping is enabled. In
addition, the TRX group and TRXHSN must be specified. If radio frequency hopping or no frequency
hopping is enabled in the serving cell, the TRX group can contain any TRX in the cell. If baseband
frequency hopping is enabled in the serving cell, the TRXs in the TRX group should be the same as
those participating in baseband frequency hopping. After the TRX group is configured, each TRX in the
TRX group is allocated a TRXIO.
The antenna hopping selection algorithm is expressed as follows: TRXI = (S + TRXIO) mod N
Here,
TRXI indicates the index of a TRX in a TRX group. Its value ranges from 0 to N-1.
TRXIO indicates the initial offset of a TRX in a TRX group. Its value ranges from 0 to N-1.
N indicates the number of TRXs in a TRX group.
FN indicates the number of a TDMA frame and it is broadcast on the SCH. The MS synchronizes with
the base station by adjusting the FN (ranging from 0 to 2,715,647).
TRXHSN indicates the hopping sequence number (ranging from 0 to 63) of a TRX group.
 If TRXHSN is equal to 0, then cyclic frequency hopping is applied and S is equal to FN.
 If TRXHSN is not equal to 0, S is calculated according to the frequency hopping algorithm. For details
of the frequency hopping algorithm, see 3GPP TS 45.002 "Hopping sequence generation."
Based on the obtained TRXI, the system searches the TRX group for a TRX for user data transmission.

3.2 Relation Between Antenna Frequency Hopping and

Frequency Hopping
Antenna frequency hopping can be applied in the cells of the following types: non-frequency hopping,
radio frequency hopping, and baseband frequency hopping. When traffic channels do not participate in
frequency hopping or only a small number of frequencies participate in frequency hopping, antenna
frequency hopping can bring substantial diversity gains.
If baseband frequency hopping is enabled in a cell, user data is transmitted by different TRXs except the
BCCH TRX. This brings about the same effect as antenna frequency hopping. In baseband frequency
hopping, timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX does not participate in frequency hopping. In a GSM cell, timeslot
0 of the BCCH TRX, however, is used by an MS in idle mode to search for the network or by an MS in
dedicated mode to measure the receive level of neighboring cells. If an MS is located in an area where it
is difficult to receive the messages from the BCCH TRX or if the antenna connected to the BCCH TRX is
damaged, then the MS cannot receive the broadcast control messages from the BCCH TRX properly.
Similar to baseband frequency hopping, antenna frequency hopping enables the data of all the timeslots
on the BCCH TRX to be transmitted on the antennas connected to all the TRXs in the cell in sequence.
This increases the space diversity and optimizes the data reception of the MS from the BCCH TRX.
Thus, the network performance is improved.

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Antenna Frequency Hopping 4 Parameters

4 Parameters
Table 4-1 Parameter description
Parameter ID NE MML Description
HPANTMODE BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to enable the TRX to support
GCELLHOPANT(Opt antenna hopping
ional) In a GSM cell, the BCCH broadcasts the frequency,
frame number, system information, and paging group.
If an MS is in an unfavorable position or the antenna
of the main TRX that carries the BCCH fails, the MS
receives poor broadcast control signals or even
cannot receive any broadcast control message from
the BCCH. To avoid such a problem, the antenna
hopping function is involved. With this function, the
messages transmitted in the main TRX that carries
the BCCH are also transmitted on the antennas of all
the other TRXs in the cell in turn. This helps the MSs
receive quality broadcast control data. This function
can be configured only for dual-frequency BTSs. If
this parameter is set to NONE, the BTS does not
support antenna hopping.

GUI Value Range: NO_HPANT(No),

YES_HPANT(Yes), NONE(None)
Actual Value Range: NO_HPANT, YES_HPANT,
NONE
Unit: None
Default Value: NONE

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Antenna Frequency Hopping 5 Counters

5 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.

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Antenna Frequency Hopping 6 Glossary

6 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.

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 GSM BSS
Antenna Frequency Hopping 7 Reference Documents

7 Reference Documents
[1] 3GPP TS 45.002 "Hopping sequence generation"
[2] BSC6900 Feature List
[3] BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
[4] BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
[5] BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference

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