GPRSEGPRS Overview

GPRSEGPRS Overview
GBSS12.0
Feature Parameter Description
Issue 01
Date 2010-06-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview Contents
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience ........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
2 Overview .....................................................................................................................................2-1
3 Technical Description ..............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Networking Configuration .............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Gb Interface .......................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.3 Pb Interface .......................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2 Definitions...................................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.2.1 Modulation and Coding Schemes ........................................................................................ 3-9
3.2.2 Packet Data Logical Channels ........................................................................................... 3-13
3.2.3 Radio Link Control Modes .................................................................................................. 3-15
3.2.4 Network Operation Modes .................................................................................................. 3-16
3.2.5 Packet System Information ................................................................................................ 3-17
3.3 System Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.3.1 Packet Access .................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.3.2 Radio Resource Allocation ................................................................................................. 3-19
3.3.3 TBF Resource Assignment ................................................................................................. 3-20
3.3.4 EGPRS Link Quality Control .............................................................................................. 3-21
3.3.5 Paging ................................................................................................................................ 3-21
3.3.6 Timing Advance .................................................................................................................. 3-22
3.3.7 Flow Control ....................................................................................................................... 3-23
3.3.8 PS QoS ............................................................................................................................... 3-24
3.3.9 PS Power Control ............................................................................................................... 3-25
3.3.10 Cell Reselection Control ................................................................................................... 3-25
3.3.11 Idle Timeslot Assignment .................................................................................................. 3-26
4 Parameters .................................................................................................................................4-1
5 Counters ......................................................................................................................................5-1
6 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................6-1
7 Reference Documents .............................................................................................................7-1
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) ii
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document defines the GPRS/EGPRS and describes the networking configuration, definitions, and
system procedures involved in the GRPS/EGPRS overview feature.
1.2 Intended Audience

It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GPRS basics and have a working knowledge
of GPRS telecommunication.
This document is intended for:
 Personnel working on Huawei GPRS products or systems
 System operators who need a general understanding of this feature
1.3 Change History

This provides information on the changes in different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
 Feature change
Feature change refers to the change in the GPRS/EGPRS Overview feature of a specific product
version.
 Editorial change
Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of information that was not provided in
the earlier version.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
 01 (2010-06-30)
 Draft (2010-03-30)
01 (2010-06-30)
This is the first release of GBSS12.0.
Compared with issue Draft (2010-03-30) of GBSS12.0, issue 01 (2010-06-30) of GBSS12.0 incorporates
the changes described in the following table.
Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change None. None.
Editorial change Parameters are presented in the form of Parameter ID instead None.
of Parameter Name.
Draft (2010-03-30)
This is the draft release of GBSS12.0.

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GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 2 Overview
2 Overview
This describes the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), which is a type of end-to-end packet switched
service based on the GSM technology. It supports GMSK CS-1 to CS-4. The maximum rate of a single
channel is 20 kbit/s.
GPRS enables a subscriber to send and receive data in end-to-end packet transfer mode and has the
following features:
 GPRS makes full use of the existing GSM network infrastructure.
 GPRS enables efficient use of radio resources.
 GPRS provides a radio access rate of up to 171.2 kbit/s.
 GPRS supports standard interfaces.
GPRS provides abundant packet services (GBFD-114101 GPRS), for example, mobile Internet access,
e-Commerce (e-Bank and e-Currency), cluster management, remote control/remote measurement,
booking system (hotels, theatres, and airplanes), and group services (stock information publication).
EDGE consists of the Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) and the Enhanced Circuit Switched Data (ECSD).
 EGPRS is enhanced GPRS (GBFD-114201 EGPRS). In addition to GMSK, EGPRS also uses the 8
Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) modulation scheme to increase the peak rate of a single channel to 59.2
kbit/s.
 ECSD is enhanced high-speed circuit switched data, that is, enhanced HSCSD. To provide a data rate
of 57.6 kbit/s, HSCSD requires four timeslots, but ECSD requires only two timeslots.
Huawei BSS supports only EGPRS. Unless otherwise specified, EDGE mentioned in this document indicates EGPRS.
GPRS provides MSs with high-speed packet data services. It prolongs the life expectancy of GSM,
enhances the utilization of radio resources. It can smoothly evolve to the 3G network and thus effectively
secure the investment of the operators.
By using new modulation and coding schemes, EDGE increases the data rates by about three times on
the Um interface and meets the requirements of high-speed data services.

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GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 3 Technical Description
3 Technical Description
3.1 Networking Configuration
3.1.1 Overview
With GPRS support nodes (GSNs) and packet control units (PCUs), the GPRS can be implemented in
the GSM system through software upgrade. There are two GPRS networking modes: with external
PCUs and with built-in PCUs.
The components of the GPRS network are as follows:
 Serving GPRS support node (SGSN)
 Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)
 Border gateway
 Charging gateway
 HLR/AUC
 PCU
 BSC
 BTS
 DNS
 Firewall
Huawei BSC supports both built-in PCU and external PCU. This enables flexible network deployment
according to actual requirements.
Built-in PCUs and external PCUs cannot coexist in the BSS.
When built-in PCUs are used for networking, the number of DPUd boards and Gb interface boards is
determined by GPRS traffic volume. Figure 3-1 shows the GPRS network topology with built-in PCUs.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 3-1
GSM BSS
Figure 3-1 GPRS network topology with built-in PCUs
PSTN
MSC HLR
Abis
BTS A
BSC
Gs Gr Gc
Gb Gn
Abis A
Gb SGSN GGSN
BTS
BSC PDN
If external PCUs are used for networking:

 When the GPRS traffic of each BSC is light, multiple BSCs can be connected to one PCU.
 When the GPRS traffic of a BSC is heavy and one PCU does not meet service requirements, the BSC
can be connected to multiple PCUs.
Figure 3-2 shows the GPRS network topology with external PCUs.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 3-2
GSM BSS
Figure 3-2 GPRS network topology with external PCUs
PSTN
MSC HLR
Abis
BTS A
BSC
A Gs Gc
Gr
Pb
Gb Gn
Abis Pb
Pb
SGSN GGSN
PCU
Gb
BTS
Pb
BSC PDN
PCU
3.1.2 Gb Interface
This section describes the feature GBFD-119001 Gb Interface Function.
Gb interface allows the exchange of PS signaling and traffic data between BSS network (PCU) and Core
network PS domain (SGSN). While Gb interface is defined by the three main protocols:
 BSSGP protocol (BSS GPRS Protocol)
 Network Service (NS) protocol
 Physical Layer protocol (FR/IP)
The BSSGP application layer is in charge of processing packet traffic coming from a set of radio cells. It
manages Gb interface and the BSSGP Virtual Connections (BVC). The BVC is a virtual end-to-end path
between BSSGP peer entities.
Figure 3-3 shows the protocol stack of the Gb interface.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 3-3
GSM BSS
Figure 3-3 Protocol stack of the Gb interface
SGSN
GMM/SM
BSC LLC
BSSGP BSSGP
NS NS
FR/IP FR/IP
Gb interface
NS: Network Service BSSGP: Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol

LLC: Logical Link Control GMM/SM: GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management
The protocol stack of the Gb interface works as follows:

 The physical layer of the Gb interface uses the frame relay (FR) protocol or the IP protocol in direct
connection or in FR/IP network connection. The physical layer provides communication services for
the NS layer.
 The network service (NS) layer configures and manages network service virtual connections (NSVCs)
or network service virtual links (NSVLs), routes uplink data, transmits user plane data, and provides
communication services for the BSSGP layer. The NS layer complies with the GSM 08.16 protocol.
 The BSSGP layer sends and receives signaling and data to/from the LLC layer, performs downward
data flow control, and maintains BVCs such as blocking, unblocking, and resetting BVCs. The BSSGP
layer complies with the GSM 08.18 protocol.
Management of the Gb Interface

Management of the Gb interface refers to the management of BVC, network service entity (NSE), NSVC,
NSVL, bearer channel (BC), and permanent virtual connection (PVC).
The BC is an FR bearer channel. It belongs to the physical layer and corresponds to a timeslot group of
E1/T1. In the BSC, PROT is set to determine the FR protocol carried by the BC.
The PVC is a permanent virtual connection for frame relay. It is a logical connection. The PVCs of a BC
are distinguished by DLCI(DLCI).
The NSE is an end-to-end network service entity at the NS layer. The NSE can manage, block, unblock,
and reset its NSVCs or NSVLs.
If the underlying links use the FR protocol, PT is set to Gb over FR. The NS layer transmits the data of
the BSSGP layer on NSVCs.
If the underlying links use the IP protocol, PT is set to Gb over IP and ISNCMODE is set to Static
Configuration or Dynamic Configuration. The NS layer transmits the data of the BSSGP layer on local
NSVLs and remote NSVLs.

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GSM BSS
If ISNCMODE is set to Static Configuration, the BSC searches a remote NSVL list for the IP path to the SGSN.
If ISNCMODE is set to Dynamic Configuration, the BSC accesses the SVRIP through the specified UDP port No. to
obtain the signaling address and port number of the SGSN and then the IP path to the SGSN.
The BVC is a virtual connection between BSSGP entities. There are point-to-point BSSGP virtual
connections (PTPBVCs), point-to-multipoint BSSGP virtual connections (PTMBVCs), and signal BSSGP
virtual connections (SIGBVCs) between BSSGP entities. The PTPBVC and PTMBVC transmit user data,
and the SIGBVC transmits signaling messages. Each NSE is allocated an SIGBVC. The BVC is
associated with the NSE through NSEI.
Networking of the Gb Interface

The actual networking mode may be the Gb over FR mode (GBFD-510002 Gb Over FR) or the Gb over
IP mode, dependent on the protocol used by the physical layer of the Gb interface.
 If the physical layer of the Gb interface uses the FR protocol, the BSC needs to be configured with the
PEUa board.
 If the physical layer of the Gb interface uses the IP protocol, the BSC needs to be configured with the
PEUa board.
If the Gb interface uses the FR protocol, the BSC and the SGSN can be connected directly or through an
FR network.
 Direct connection means that the BSC and the SGSN are connected without any intermediate network.
Generally, the BSC and the SGSN are used as the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data
circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) respectively. Figure 3-4 shows the direct connection in Gb over
FR mode.
Figure 3-4 Direct connection in Gb over FR mode
P
E E1/T1
BSC
U
a
SGSN
 Figure 3-5 shows the connection between the BSC and the SGSN through the FR network.
Figure 3-5 Network connection in Gb over FR mode
P
E E1/T1 Frame relay network E1/T1
BSC
U
a
SGSN
If the physical layer of the Gb interface uses the IP protocol, the BSC and the SGSN can be connected
directly or through an IP network.

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GSM BSS
 Direct connection in Gb over IP mode means that the BSC and the SGSN are connected without any
intermediate IP network. In this connection, switches can be used to provide layer 2 switching services
for the BSC and SGSN. Figure 3-6 shows the direct connection in Gb over IP mode.
Figure 3-6 Direct connection in Gb over IP mode
F
G FE/GE
BSC 2
a
SGSN
 Network connection in Gb over IP mode means that the BSC and the SGSN are connected through an
IP network. In this connection, routers can be used to provide layer 3 routing services for the BSC and
SGSN. Figure 3-7 shows the network connection in Gb over IP mode.
Figure 3-7 Network connection in Gb over IP mode
F
G FE/GE FE/GE
BSC IP netwrok
2
a
Router Router
SGSN
Compared with FR networking, IP networking greatly increases the bandwidth on the Gb interface and
protects the investment in network construction, operation, and maintenance.
3.1.3 Pb Interface
The Pb interface is a nonstandard interface between the PCU and the BSC. It is used only with external
PCU. The Pb interface manages shared resources such as cells, packet channels, E1 trunks, and
system information between the PCU and the BSC. In addition, the Pb interface supports dynamic
channel conversion and network access from the CCCH. The BTS is connected to the PCU through the
BSC. The links between the PCU and the BSC consist of signaling links and traffic links.
Figure 3-8 shows the protocol stack of the Pb interface.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 3-6
GSM BSS
Figure 3-8 Protocol stack of the Pb interface
BSC PCU
RR
APP
PbIP
LAPD LAPD
Layer 1 Layer 1
Pb
The functions of the layers on the Pb interface are as follows:

 Layer 1 is a physical layer, complying with the G.703 standard. It uses E1 timeslots. An E1 link is
divided into 128 timeslots, with each having a bandwidth of 16 kbit/s. Four timeslots are used for
synchronization.
 Layer 2 is a data link layer. It uses the LAPD protocol, which is a general data link layer protocol. Layer
2 uses the data transfer services offered by layer 1 and provides connection-oriented or
connectionless services to layer 3. The objective of LAPD is to provide reliable end-to-end
transmission between layer 3 entities through the physical interface.
 Layer 3 is the key part of the Pb interface. Layer 3 protocol consists of a series of self-defined
signaling messages. Layer 3 manages information about GPRS resources between the PCU and the
BSC and supports dynamic channel conversion between packet-switched (PS) services and
circuit-switched (CS) services. In addition, layer 3 enables the MS to access the network from the
CCCH and enables the network to transmit PS paging messages on the CCCH. On the BSC side, the
Pb interface processing (PbIP) function implements Pb message transfer and Pb interface signaling
link (PbSL) selection.
Management of the Pb Interface

Pb interface management is classified into packet circuit identity code (PCIC) circuit management, radio
resource management, PS service access support, transmission resource management, and PbSL
management.
 PCIC circuit management
The purpose of PCIC circuit management is to ensure that the PCIC on the BSC side is consistent
with that on the PCU side. Thus, when requesting a PDCH or dynamic channel conversion, the PCU
can be assigned an idle circuit.
The procedures related to PCIC circuit management are as follows:
− PCIC circuit block
− PCIC circuit unblock
− PCIC circuit reset
These procedures are triggered by a change in the Pb equipment status or by operation and
maintenance. The principles of PCIC circuit management are as follows:
− The BSC records only the maintenance status of PCIC circuits.
− All messages related to PCIC circuit management are initiated by the BSC.

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GSM BSS
− PCICcircuits can be blocked, unblocked, and reset on the PCU side. The status of PCIC circuits on
the BSC side is not affected.
− If a PCIC circuit is blocked on the PCU LocalWS, the BSC cannot unblock this circuit.
 Radio resource management
Radio resource management on the Pb interface refers to the management of the radio resources only
related to PS services. Information about the radio resources of the PCU is obtained from the BSC.
The procedure consists of three steps:
− The cells on the BSC side and those on the PCU side are reset.
− The radio resource configuration for PS services in each cell is sent by the BSC to the PCU.
− Packet system information (PSI) is broadcast.
CS services and PS services share radio resources, which are allocated on demand. CS services take
priority over PS services in resource allocation. Allocation on demand enables the BSC to allocate
radio resources between CS services and PS services in real time based on actual requirements. This
means a dynamic conversion between TCH and PDTCH. The channel conversion procedures on the
Pb interface are classified into the following types:
− When the PDTCHs are insufficient for PS services, the PCU requests the BSC to convert some
TCHs into PDTCHs. The BSC accepts or rejects the request based on the number of available TCHs.
If there are many idle TCHs, the BSC accepts the request, performs channel conversion, and
instructs the BTS to modify the channel attributes.
− When the TCHs are insufficient for CS services, the BSC requests the PCU to release some
PDTCHs and converts them into TCHs. This request must be accepted to ensure the QoS of CS
services.
− When the PCU finds that there are excessive PDTCHs, it automatically releases the PDTCHs for
conversion to TCHs. This ensures the QoS of CS services.
The BSC is responsible for allocating TCHs, and the PCU is responsible for allocating PDTCHs. After
a TCH is converted into a PDTCH, the assignment and release of the PDTCH are determined by the
PCU. The assignment and release of the TCH are still determined by the BSC.
The status of radio resources on the BSC side should be consistent with that on the PCU side. To
ensure the consistency, the BSC needs to notify the PCU of the change in the BTS and the impact of
operation and maintenance on the radio resource status. For example, after a packet channel is
blocked, the BSC instructs the PCU to update the status of the channel.
 PS service access support
To support GPRS, System Information 13 (SI13) needs to be broadcast on the BCCH. In addition, SI3
and SI7 need to be modified to include relevant GPRS information such as GPRS Indicator. Based on
the system information, the MS decides whether and how to access the network in the serving cell to
request PS services.
If no PCCCH is configured in the serving cell, the MS requests PS services through a CCCH. The MS
can request PS services through one or more of following procedures:
− MS originated packet access
− MS terminated packet access
− Suspension and restoration of PS services of class-B MSs
 Transmission management
When converting a TCH into a PDTCH, the BSC connects the trunk circuits on the Abis interface with
those on the Pb interface. When converting a PDTCH into a TCH, the BSC disconnects the trunk
circuits. During transmission of packet data, the BSC forwards packets between the BTS and the PCU.
Generally, each PDTCH corresponds to a 16 kbit/s timeslot. During data transmission, if the PCU finds
that the transmission quality is satisfactory, it can use a more efficient coding scheme, such as CS-3 or
CS-4. In this case, the BSC assigns one more 16 kbit/s timeslot to the PDTCH. Thus, the PDTCH
corresponds to a 32 kbit/s timeslot.

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GSM BSS
 PbSL management
A Pb signaling link (PbSL) is an LAPD link. PbSL management involves link load sharing, message
transmission, and message reception.
If no PCCCH is configured in a cell, disconnection of all PbSLs or recovery of any disconnected PbSL
leads to a change in the status of a cell on the PCU side.
Features of the Pb Interface

The Pb interface supports dynamic channel conversion between PS services and CS services. It also
enables the MS to access the network from the CCCH.
 Supporting dynamic channel conversion between PS services and CS services
When the packet traffic is heavy and the speech traffic is light, the PCU requests the BSC to convert
some TCHs into PDTCHs. When the speech traffic is heavy, the BSC requests the PCU to release
some PDTCHs and converts them back to TCHs. In this process, CS services take priority over PS
services to ensure the QoS of CS services.
 Supporting the MS to access the network from the CCCH
As the BTS cannot identify an access request message sent by the MS on the CCCH, the BSC needs
to analyze this request message. If the message is a packet access request, the BSC forwards it to the
PCU. Similarly, the BSC needs to process the immediate assignment message from the PCU before
forwarding the message to the BTS.
 Maintaining the consistency of various resources and data between the BSC and the PCU
The PCU and the BSC are located at two different places, and therefore information about shared
resources (such as cells, packet channels, E1 trunks, and system information) must be consistent.
The main functions of the Pb interface are resource maintenance and management, such as cell
parameter configuration, channel block/unblock, PCIC-identified packet circuit block/unblock/restart,
PSI parameter configuration, and regular check on resource data.
 Sending CS paging messages
In network operation mode I, the MSC sends a CS paging message through the Gs interface and Gb
interface. After receiving the message, the PCU forwards it to the BSC through the Pb interface. Then,
the BSC sends the CS paging message on the CCCH.
 Supporting the PS service suspension and resumption messages sent by class-B MSs
A class-B MS cannot perform CS services and PS services simultaneously. Therefore, after changing
from a PS service to a CS service, the MS sends a GPRS suspension request to the BSC. Then, the
BSC sends the request to the PCU through the Pb interface for processing. After the CS service is
complete, the BSC sends a GPRS resumption request to the PCU through the Pb interface. The
processing of this type of messages on the Pb interface improves the system capability to support
class-B MSs.
 Supporting two transmission modes
In addition to terrestrial transmission, the Pb interface supports satellite transmission.
If the two transmission modes are used, the BSC and the PCU can be installed in different equipment
rooms. This meets the requirement for long distance transmission where one PCU is connected to
multiple BSCs.
3.2 Definitions
3.2.1 Modulation and Coding Schemes
GPRS uses the gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation scheme and supports CS-1 to CS-4
coding schemes. EGPRS uses the 8PSK modulation scheme and supports MCS-1 to MCS-9 coding

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GSM BSS
schemes. The peak rate of EGPRS is about three times that of GPRS. Figure 3-9 shows the rates of
GPRS channels and those of EGPRS channels.
Figure 3-9 Rates of GPRS channels and those of EGPRS channels
kbit/s
59.2
60.0
54.4
GPRS
50.0
44.8
EGPRS
40.0
29.6
30.0
22.4
20.2
20.0 17.6
14.4 14.8
12.2 11.2
8.0 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
GMSK 8PSK
modulation modulation
Modulation Scheme
GMSK uses signal phase changes to represent symbols. Each symbol is mapped to one bit, namely 0 or
1.
8PSK uses absolute signal phases to represent symbols. Each symbol is mapped to three bits, and
there are eight possible symbols. Therefore, the theoretical peak rate on the Um interface in EGPRS is
three times that in GPRS.
Figure 3-10 shows the I/Q diagrams for GPRS GMSK and EGPRS 8PSK.

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GSM BSS
Figure 3-10 I/Q diagrams for GPRS GMSK and EGPRS 8PSK
GPRS: EGPRS:
GMSK modulation 8PSK modulation
Q Q
(0,1,0)
(0,0,0) (0,1,1)
1
(0,0,1)
I I
(1,1,1)
0
(1,0,1) (1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
In terms of network operation, the transceiver for EGPRS must have the same spectrum features as an
ordinary transceiver. Thus, when sending the signals modulated by 8PSK, the transceiver for EGPRS
uses the transmit power that is 2-5 dB less than the average power in GMSK modulation. This is
implemented in the BSS through the parameter CELL8PSKPOWERLEVEL. The default value of this
parameter is 0.
CS-1 to CS-4 Coding Schemes in GPRS (GBFD-119106 Coding Scheme)

GPRS supports four coding schemes: CS-1 to CS-4. Table 3-1 describes the relation between coding
schemes and data rates.
Table 3-1 GPRS coding schemes and data rates
Coding Scheme Rate (kbit/s)
CS-1 8.0
CS-2 12.0
CS-3 14.4
CS-4 20.0
The data rates of CS-1 and CS-2 are fairly slow. To address the needs of higher data rates, Huawei
provides the CS-3 and CS-4 schemes for the GPRS. The CS-3 and CS-4 schemes provide the
transmission rate of 15.6 kbit/s and 21.4 kbit/s respectively for data including the head of the RLC block.
In addition, the CS-3 and CS-4 schemes have higher requirements for C/I. During the data transmission,
the BSC dynamically adjusts the channel encoding/decoding scheme according to the retransmission
rate of the RLC data blocks transmitted on the uplink TBF and downlink TBF. This increases the
transmission rate on the basis of guaranteed transmission quality and maximizes the use of radio
resources (GBFD-118901 CS-3/CS-4).
The coding schemes initially used for a GPRS service are specified by UPDEFAULTCS and
DNDEFAULTCS. Whether the coding schemes can be dynamically adjusted on the basis of signal

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GSM BSS
qualities during the GPRS service processing is specified by UPFIXCS and DNFIXCS. If the GPRS
coding schemes can be dynamically adjusted on the basis of signal qualities, the retransmission rate of
temporary block flows (TBFs) is used as the adjustment trigger.
 For uplink GPRS, if the signal quality is good and the TBF retransmission rate is lower than the
predefined threshold, the GPRS coding schemes are adjusted to high-rate coding schemes. The
involved parameters are as follows:
− UPTHDCSUPGRADE1
− UPTHDCSUPGRADE2
− UPTHDCSUPGRADE3
 For uplink GPRS, if the signal quality is poor and the TBF retransmission rate is higher than the
predefined threshold, the GPRS coding schemes are adjusted to low-speed coding schemes. The
− UPTHDCSDEGRADE1
− UPTHDCSDEGRADE2
− UPTHDCSDEGRADE3
 For downlink GPRS, if the signal quality is good and the TBF retransmission rate is lower than the
predefined threshold, the GPRS coding schemes are adjusted to high-rate coding schemes. The
− DNTHDCSUPGRADE1
− DNTHDCSUPGRADE2
− DNTHDCSUPGRADE3
 For downlink GPRS, if the signal quality is poor and the TBF retransmission rate is higher than the
predefined threshold, the GPRS coding schemes are adjusted to low-speed coding schemes. The
− DNTHDCSDEGRADE1
− DNTHDCSDEGRADE2
− DNTHDCSDEGRADE3
MCS-1 to MCS-9 Coding Schemes in EGPRS

EGPRS uses different coding schemes to meet the requirements of different PS service users. Table 3-2
describes the characteristics of MCS-1 to MCS-9.
Table 3-2 EGPRS coding schemes
Coding Scheme Modulation Scheme Number of Rate (kbit/s)
Payload Bits in
Each Burst
MCS-9 8PSK 2x592 59.2
MCS-8 2x544 54.4
MCS-7 2x448 44.8
MCS-6 592 29.6
544+48 27.2
MCS-5 448 22.4
MCS-4 GMSK 352 17.6

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Coding Scheme Modulation Scheme Number of Rate (kbit/s)

Payload Bits in
Each Burst
MCS-3 296 14.8
272+24 13.6
MCS-2 224 11.2
MCS-1 176 8.8
For 544 + 48 and 272 + 24 in Table 3-2, 544 and 272 indicate the numbers of significant bits, and 48 and 24 indicate the
numbers of padding bits.
The coding schemes initially used for an EGPRS service are specified by UPDEFAULTMCS and
DNDEFAULTMCS. Whether the MSC coding schemes can be adjusted during the EGPRS service
processing is specified by UPFIXMCS and DNFIXMCS. If the MCS coding schemes can be adjusted,
the BSS notifies the MS of BEPPERIOD when sending system information. The MS calculates the
downlink bit error probability (BEP) and notifies the BSS of the result in the measurement report. Then,
the BSS adjusts the uplink and downlink MCS coding schemes based on the downlink BEP.
3.2.2 Packet Data Logical Channels

This section describes the feature GBFD-119101 Packet Channel Combination Type.
Types of Packet Data Logical Channels

According to 3GPP TS 43.064, packet data logical channels are classified into packet broadcast control
channel (PBCCH), packet common control channel (PCCCH), packet data traffic channel (PDTCH), and
packet dedicated control channel (PDCCH).
The PBCCH is used only for broadcasting the system information specific to packet data. If no PBCCH is
available, the BCCH performs this function.
The PCCCH carries common control signaling for packet data. The subchannels are as follows:
 Packet random access channel (PRACH): It is used only in the uplink. On this channel, the MS
requests a PDTCH.
 Packet paging channel (PPCH): It is used only in the downlink. On this channel, the BSC pages MSs.
The PPCH uses paging groups to support DRX. The PPCH can be used for both CS services and PS
services. For CS services, however, the PPCH is applicable to only class-A MSs and class-B MSs.
When the MS works in PS mode, the PACCH can also be used to page the MS for CS services.
 Packet access grant channel (PAGCH): It is used only in the downlink. Before packet transfer, the
PAGCH transmits resource assignment to the MS.
The PDTCH carries user data in PS mode. In the multislot operation, one MS may use multiple PDTCHs
in parallel for individual packet transfer. The transmission rate of a single PDTCH ranges from 0 kbit/s to
59.2 kbit/s. All PDTCHs are unidirectional. The PDTCH/U transmits data from the MS to the GPRS
network. The PDTCH/D transmits data from the GPRS network to the MS. After the CHNTYPE of a
channel is set during TRX configuration, this channel can be further specified by GPRSCHPRI:
 The PDTCH on an EDGE-supported TRX can be configured as one of the following types:
− EGPRS Special Channel: Only EGPRS MSs can use it.

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− EGPRS Priority Channel: EGPRS MSs get preference to use it. When it is idle, GPRS MSs can use it.
When an EGPRS MS requests it, the GPRS MSs that are using it must be handed over to other
channels. The EGPRS MS and the GPRS MS cannot use it simultaneously.
− EGPRS Normal Channel: Both GPRS MSs and EGPRS MSs can use it.
− GPRS Channel: Only GPRS MSs use it. If no EGPRS Channel is available in a cell, EGPRS MSs can
be provided with only GPRS services.
 The PDTCH on an EDGE-unsupported TRX can be configured only as a GPRS Channel.
For different services, the preferred channel types are different:
 For GPRS services, the preferred channel types are firstly the GPRS Channel, secondly the EGPRS
Normal Channel, and thirdly the EGPRS Priority Channel.
 For EGPRS services, the preferred channel types are firstly the EGPRS Special Channel, secondly
the EGPRS Priority Channel, and thirdly the EGPRS Normal Channel.
Thus, the GPRS MS and EGPRS MS may use the same EGPRS Normal Channel for uplink
transmission and downlink transmission respectively. Such multiplexing can be avoided through the
parameter FORBIDEDGU. To avoid such multiplexing completely, do not configure the EGPRS Normal
Channel.
The use of a channel depends on the type of the channel. For example, if a channel on an EGPRS-supported TRX is
configured as a GPRS Channel, this channel can be used for only GPRS services. The EGPRS Special Channel can be
configured only as static channels. The other three types of channels can be configured as static or dynamic channels.
PDCCHs are classified into packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH) and packet associated
control channel (PACCH):
 The PTCCH is used to control the timing advance of the MS.
 The PACCH carries signaling messages, including acknowledgment messages and power control
messages. The PACCH also carries resource assignment and reassignment messages, which are
used to assign a capacity to a PDTCH or a new PACCH. One or more PDTCHs of an MS share the
same PACCH.
Types of Combined Packet Data Logical Channels

Table 3-3 shows the types of combined packet data logical channels.
Table 3-3 Types of combined packet data logical channels
Combination Application
Number Combination Type Condition Description
Combination 1 PBCCH + PCCCH + The cell needs to be One cell can be
PDTCH + PACCH + configured with the configured with only
PTCCH PBCCH. one Combination 1.
Combination 2 PCCCH + PDTCH + Combination 1 is One cell can be
PACCH + PTCCH configured, many configured with more
MSs camp on the than one Combination
cell, and the traffic 2.
on the PCCCH is
heavy.

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Combination Application
Number Combination Type Condition Description
Combination 3 PDTCH + PACCH + None. This combination is
PTCCH used to transmit uplink
and downlink packet
data. One cell can be
configured with more
than one Combination
3.
PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH
If the external PCU is configured, channels are classified into static packet channel, speech channel,
and dynamic packet channel.
 Static packet channel
The static packet channel is used to broadcast the GPRS packet system information (PSI) and
transmit packet data. It cannot be used for CS services. The channel types include PBCCH+PDTCH,
PCCCH+PDTCH, or PDTCH.
 Speech channel
The speech channel is dedicated for speech services. The channel types include TCH, BCCH, and
SDCCH.
 Dynamic packet channel
The dynamic packet channel is initially a TCH and can be dynamically converted into a PDCH.
If the built-in PCU is configured, no dynamic packet channel needs to be configured. When the
parameter CHNTYPE is set to TCH Full Rate, the parameter GPRSCHPRI needs to be set. The
maximum number of PDCHs in a cell is specified by MAXPDCHRATE.
The highest capability of a single PDCH to process PS services in a cell is specified by PDCHUPLEV
and PDCHDWNLEV.
1. When PS services are busy and the threshold UPDYNCHNTRANLEV or DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV
is exceeded, the BSC converts some available TCHs into the PDCHs.
2. When CS services are busy and they request new TCHs, the BSC converts some PDCHs into TCHs.
In this process, CS services take priority over PS services. Thus, the QoS of CS services can be
ensured. Whether and how many dynamic channels can be preempted are specified by
DYNCHNPREEMPTLEV and DYNCHTRANRESLEV respectively. For details, see GPRS/EGPRS
Channel Management Feature Parameter Description.
3.2.3 Radio Link Control Modes

This section describes the feature GBFD-119105 RLC Mode.
The radio link control (RLC) layer is responsible for assembling and disassembling LLC PDUs. By using
a sliding window protocol, the RLC layer exchanges data with the peer entity in acknowledged or
unacknowledged mode. The size of the sliding window for GPRS is 64, and that for EGPRS ranges from
64 to 1,024.
In acknowledged mode, each data block in a TBF must be acknowledged by the peer end. If the data
block is unacknowledged, it needs to be retransmitted. The TBF is released only after all the data blocks

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are transmitted and acknowledged. In unacknowledged mode, the data block need not be acknowledged
by the peer end. If a data block is lost or erroneously transmitted, it is replaced with padding bits. The
TBF is released as long as all the data blocks are transmitted.
The BSC supports both acknowledged mode and unacknowledged mode at the RLC layer. For uplink
data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the request of the MS. For downlink
data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the type of LLC PDUs.
RLC Acknowledged Mode

In RLC acknowledged mode, RLC blocks can be retransmitted. The sender numbers RLC blocks with
block serial numbers (BSNs), which are used for retransmission and reassembly. The receiver requests
retransmission of RLC blocks through a packet ACK/NACK message.
RLC Unacknowledged Mode

In RLC unacknowledged mode, RLC blocks cannot be retransmitted. During the uplink TBF release
procedure, however, the last uplink data block may be retransmitted. The sender numbers RLC blocks
with block serial numbers (BSNs), which are used for reassembly. The receiver requests the
transmission of other necessary control signals through a packet ACK/NACK message.
3.2.4 Network Operation Modes

This section describes the feature GBFD-119108 Network Operation Mode Support.
To coordinate the paging of CS services and PS services, three network operation modes are defined for
the GPRS network. For details, see 3GPP TS 23.060.
Network Operation Mode I (GBFD-510001 Network Operation Mode I)

Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function
requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same
paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one
paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS
paging messages to the MS.
Network Operation Mode II

Network operation mode II does not support the paging coordination on the CN. All paging messages
are transmitted on the PCH. Therefore, the MS needs to monitor only the PCH. Even if an MS is
assigned the PDCH, it monitors CS paging messages still on the PCH.
Network Operation Mode III

Network operation mode III does not support the paging coordination on the CN. All CS paging
messages are transmitted on the PCH. If a cell is configured with the PCCCH, PS paging messages are
transmitted on the PPCH, and the MS needs to monitor both the PCH and the PPCH. Otherwise, PS
paging messages are transmitted on the PCH.
Table 3-4 lists the channels on which CS paging messages and PS paging messages are transmitted in
different network operation modes.
Table 3-4 Paging channels in different network operation modes
Network CS Paging Message PS Paging Message Paging
Operation Coordination
Mode
I PPCH PPCH Required

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Network CS Paging Message PS Paging Message Paging

Operation Coordination
Mode
PCH PCH
PACCH Not required
II PCH PCH Not required
III PCH PPCH Not required
PCH PCH
The network operation mode is specified by the parameter NMO. Usually, the GPRS network is not
configured with the Gs interface or PCCCH, and therefore NMO is set to Network Operation Mode II.
For the CS/PS paging procedures in different network operation modes, see 3.3.5 Paging.
3.2.5 Packet System Information

This section describes the feature GBFD-119102 Packet System Information.
System information mainly includes the parameters required by the MSs in a cell when accessing the
network. If the cell supports GPRS, SI13 is broadcast on the BCCH. If the cell does not support GPRS,
SI13 is not broadcast on the BCCH. The cell may or may not be configured with the PBCCH. SI13
includes information about whether the PBCCH is configured. The PBCCH is mainly used to broadcast
GPRS packet system information (PSI).
The types of PSI are as follows:
 PSI1: including cell selection parameters, PRACH control parameters, power control parameters, and
control channel description
 PSI2: including reference frequencies, cell allocations, GPRS mobile allocations, and PCCCH
description
 PSI3: including BCCH allocations for neighboring cells and cell selection parameters for serving cells
and non-serving cells
 PSI3bis: including BCCH allocations for neighboring cells and cell selection parameters for
non-serving cells
 PSI13: same as SI13 broadcast on the BCCH, including access-related information specific to GPRS
cells
PSI1 to PSI3 can be broadcast on the PBCCH or PACCH. PSI13 can be broadcast on only the PACCH.
When the PBCCH is available in the cell, PSI13 is not broadcast on the PACCH, but PSI1 is broadcast
periodically on the PACCH. When no PBCCH is available in the cell, only PSI13 is broadcast periodically
on the PACCH.
3.3 System Procedures

3.3.1 Packet Access
According to GBFD-119103 MS Types, Huawei BSC supports the following MS types:

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Class A MS: indicates the type of MS that can simultaneously perform GPRS and IMSI Attach, and the
MS can simultaneously perform GPRS and CS services.
Class B MS: indicates the type of MS that can simultaneously perform GPRS and IMSI Attach, but the
MS can perform only one type of service at a time.
Class C MS: indicates the type of MS that can access only the GSM or GPRS network at a certain time.
If the MS needs to support both GPRS and CS services, the services can be only switched over
manually and cannot be performed simultaneously.
This section describes the feature GBFD-119110 Access.
When the MS needs to transmit data, it initiates packet access at the RLC/MAC layer.
Based on the service types and the support capability of the MS, the packet access is classified into the
following types:
 One phase packet access
 Two phase packet access or a single block packet access
The differences between these access types are as follows:
 For one phase packet access, the MS is assigned radio resources, such as the TFI, USF, and radio
block position list, at a time.
 For a two phase packet access or a single block packet access, the MS is assigned only one radio
block at the first time. After sending a Packet Resource Request message through the radio block, the
MS is assigned radio resources for the second time. By using the assigned radio resources, such as
the TFI, USF, and radio block position list, the MS can start sending data. The resource assignment at
the second time is controlled by T3168.
For different types of PS services, the MS uses different packet access modes. Assume that the GPRS
MS accesses the network from the CCCH. Then, the packet access modes are described as follows:
 If the purpose of packet access is to send user data and the requested RLC mode is unacknowledged
mode, the MS requests a single block packet access and attempts a two phase packet access.
 If the purpose of packet access is to send user data and the requested RLC mode is acknowledged
mode, the MS requests a one phase packet access or a single block packet access.
 If the purpose of packet access is to send a page response or cell update message or for any other
GMM/SM procedure, the MS requests a one phase packet access.
 If the purpose of packet access is to send a measurement report, the MS requests a single block
packet access.
For the EGPRS MS, the procedure of packet access from the CCCH is controlled through
EGPRS11BITCHANREQ. For the detailed procedure, see GPRS/EGPRS Connection Control and
Transfer Feature Parameter Description.
The Packet Channel Request message is an 8-bit or 11-bit access burst, which carries a small amount of
information. The number of access burst bits is specified by the parameter ACCBURST. The 8-bit
access burst is recommended because some MSs do not support the 11-bit access burst. The Packet
Resource Request message is an RLC/MAC signaling packet coded in CS-1. This message carries
more information than the Packet Channel Request message. The information includes the temporary
logical link identity (TLLI), multislot capability of the MS, and radio priority. This helps assign appropriate
resources to the MS.
The capability of a cell to support packet access is specified by the parameter PRIACCTHR.

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3.3.2 Radio Resource Allocation

Multislot Capability of the MS
The multislot classes of the MS are 1-45. The number of PDCHs that can be used by the MSs varies
with the multislot classes. For details on the multislot classes of the MS, see the 3GPP TS 45.002
protocol.
When allocating radio resources to the MS, the BSC must take into account the amount of data to be
transmitted by the MS, grade of service (GoS), and available radio channels so that the multislot
capability requirement of the MS can be met and radio resources can be fully used.
The BSC supports MS high multislot class (HMC) channel allocation (GBFD-119402 MS High Multislot
Classes). For an MS of multislot classes 30-33, the BSC can allocate a maximum of five channels in the
uplink or downlink to the MS. The total number of channels allocated in the uplink and downlink, however,
cannot exceed six. For example, if five timeslots are used in the downlink, only one timeslot can be used
in the uplink. For an MS of multislot classes 32-33, the extended dynamic allocation (EDA) function must
be used if the MS requires more than three channels in the uplink (GBFD-119401 Extended Dynamic
Allocation (EDA)).
For MSs of multislot classes 34-45, the BSC maps them to low multislot class capabilities or multislot
classes 30-33, depending on whether the MS supports HMC.
The BSC defines three types of preferred services: downlink preferred service, uplink preferred service,
and neutral service. If the multislot capability requirement can be met, as many downlink channels as
possible should be allocated to the downlink preferred service such as downloading service, and as
many uplink channels as possible should be allocated to the uplink preferred service such as uploading
service. For the neutral service with the balanced traffic volumes in the uplink and downlink such as ping
service, two timeslots are allocated in the uplink if possible.
MAC Mode (GBFD-119104 MAC Mode)

The MAC layer defines and allocates the logical channels on the Um interface so that these channels
can be shared by several MSs. It also maps the LLC frames to the physical channels. When several MSs
attempt to send packet data simultaneously, the MAC layer performs arbitration and provides the
collision avoidance, detection, and recovery procedures. The MAC layer also allows an MS to occupy
different timeslots of several physical channels.
The BSC supports two MAC modes: dynamic allocation and extended dynamic allocation. Dynamic
allocation is generally used for the downlink preferred service or neutral service. Extended dynamic
allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput.
In dynamic allocation mode, the network multiplexes the channel resources of the uplink radio blocks
through the Uplink State Flag (USF) of the downlink radio blocks. The BSC supports USF granularity 1
and default USF granularity 4. Only USF granularity 1 is used when the parameter USFGRAN4BLK is
set to Not Support.
 When the BSC uses USF granularity 1, the MS sends an RLC/MAC block in the next radio block
period upon detecting an assigned USF value.
 When the BSC uses USF granularity 4, the MS sends an RLC/MAC block in the next radio block
period upon detecting an assigned USF value. If the downlink EGPRS MS and the uplink GPRS MS
are multiplexed on the same PDCH, USF granularity 4 can be used to increase the downlink
throughput.
In extended dynamic allocation mode, the packet assignment message contains an assigned PDCH list
and USF values corresponding to the PDCHs. If the resources allocated by the network do not allow the
MS to listen to the USF values on all the assigned PDCHs, the MS listens to the USF values in the
following ways:

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 When the MS receives a USF value in an RLC/MAC block on a PDCH, the MS regards that the
corresponding RLC/MAC block on each PDCH following this PDCH in the list is allocated to the MS.
Thus, when allocating an RLC/MAC block on a PDCH to the MS, the network allocates the
corresponding RLC/MAC block on each PDCH following this PDCH in the list to the MS. For example,
the network allocates a list of timeslots 1, 2, and 3 to the MS. If a USF value is detected in an
RLC/MAC block on timeslot 1, the RLC/MAC blocks on timeslots 1, 2, and 3 are allocated to the MS. If
a USF value is detected in an RLC/MAC block on timeslot 2, the RLC/MAC blocks on timeslots 2 and 3
are allocated to the MS.
 In an RLC/MAC block period of data transfer, the MS must listen to the USF values on all the PDCHs
from the header to the current PDCH (inclusive) in the PDCH list. For example, if the list contains
PDCHs 1, 2, and 3 and the RLC/MAC blocks are being transferred on PDCHs 2 and 3, the MS must
listen to the USF values on PDCHs 1 and 2. If the RLC/MAC blocks are being transferred on PDCH 3,
the MS must listen to the USF values on PDCHs 1, 2, and 3.
3.3.3 TBF Resource Assignment

This section describes the feature GBFD-119111 Assignment.
When the network or MS requests to establish a TBF for data transmission, the GSM/GPRS network
assigns channels for the TBF or rejects the request based on available network resources and the
multislot capability of the MS.
The assignment principles are as follows:
 The BSC assigns TBF resources through the CCCHs, PACCHs, or PCCCHs. Based on the data
transmission direction, TBF resource assignment is classified into uplink assignment and downlink
assignment.
 When the MS requests to establish a TBF for uplink data transmission, the BSC sends an Immediate
Assignment message on the CCCH or a Packet Uplink Assignment message on the PCCCH to assign
resources to the MS.
 When the MS requests to establish an uplink TBF during downlink data transmission, the BSC sends a
Packet Uplink Assignment message on the PACCH to assign resources to the MS. Then, the MS
transmits data on the assigned channel.
 When the network requests to establish a TBF for downlink data transmission, the BSC sends an
Immediate Assignment message on the CCCH or a Packet Downlink Assignment message on the
PCCCH to assign resources to the MS.
 If the network requests to establish a TBF for downlink data transmission when the MS is transmitting
uplink TBF data or during the period specified by T3192, the BSC sends a Packet Downlink
Assignment message on the PACCH to assign resources to the MS. Then, the MS transmits data on
the assigned channel.
 The BSC may reject a request for TBF establishment because of insufficient channel resources or
other reasons.
 The BSC assigns resources on different channels based on the CCCH or PCCCH configuration. In
addition, the BSC can perform different assignments such as single block assignment and packet
resource assignment based on different access requests, such as Two Phase Access, One Phase
Access, and Single Block Request.
The BSC supports the following assignment modes. For details, see the GPRS/EGPRS Connection
Control and Transfer Feature Parameter Description.
 Uplink packet resource assignment on the PACCH
 Downlink packet resource assignment on the PACCH
 Simultaneous uplink and downlink packet resource assignments on the PACCH
 Uplink immediate assignment for TBF establishment on the CCCH

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 Downlink immediate assignment for TBF establishment on the CCCH
3.3.4 EGPRS Link Quality Control

Link quality control enables the system to adapt to the radio environment dynamically by changing the
link modulation and coding schemes during data transmission, thus improving the link quality.
EGPRS adopts a set of high-efficiency link quality control algorithms. It defines two link quality control
modes: link adaptation (LA) and incremental redundancy (IR). The link quality control mode is set by the
parameter LQCMODE. For the cells where the signal quality on the Um interface is good, this parameter
is set to LA. For details on link quality control algorithms, see GPRS/EGPRS Link Quality Control
Feature Parameter Description.
Basic Principle of LA
In LA mode, the sender selects the best modulation and coding schemes based on the actual radio
environment, and the receiver need not buffer the erroneous data blocks received.
Basic Principle of IR
In IR mode, the sender uses a coding scheme with high rates but weak data protection for initial data
transmission. If the data is received erroneously, the sender retransmits the data by using a different
puncturing scheme. The receiver combines the new data with the previously received data and then
performs decoding. This process is repeated until the decoding succeeds.
During uplink data transmission, the system instructs the MS to use the IR mode by including
RESEGMENT=0 (segmentation forbidden) in a packet uplink resource assignment message or uplink
packet acknowledgment message. In IR mode, the receiver should have sufficient memory to save
history information. If the memory is insufficient, the system notifies the MS of memory insufficiency by
including RESEGMENT=1 in an UPLINK ACK/NACK message.
During downlink data transmission, if the MS memory is insufficient, the MS sends "MS OUT OF
MEMORY" to the network through a downlink ACK/NACK message. Then, the network changes the
control mode to LA.
3.3.5 Paging
This section describes the feature GBFD-119112 PS Paging.
In the GPRS/GSM system, paging consists of PS paging and CS paging.
PS Paging
In the GPRS/GSM system, the PS paging procedure is as follows:
1. When the network needs to transmit data to an MS, the SGSN initiates PS paging to locate the MS.
The Packet Paging Request message is sent to the BSC over the Gb interface.
− If the PCCCH is configured in the BSC, the Packet Paging Request message is sent on the PPCH.
− If no PCCCH is configured in the BSC, the Packet Paging Request message is sent on the PCH.
− If
the cell supports DTM and the paged MS is in dedicated mode, the BSC can send the PACKET
NOTIFICATION message on the DCCH. For details, see DTM Feature Parameter Description.
2. After receiving the Packet Paging Request message, the MS initiates the uplink TBF establishment
procedure. Then, the MS sends a paging response packet to the BSC over the Um interface. The
BSC forwards the paging response packet to the SGSN. After receiving the paging response packet,
the SGSN processes it and then starts transmitting downlink data.

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Paging Co-ordination (GBFD-119305 BSS Paging Coordination)

In the GSM network, when a CS call reaches an MSC, the MSC determines the registered location area
of the MS. Then, the MSC sends the CS paging message to all the BSCs within the location area.
If the Gs interface between the SGSN and the MSC is available and the GPRS/GSM network operates in
network operation mode I, the CS paging messages of GSM services can be transmitted on GPRS
packet channels. If the MS is attached to the GPRS, the CS paging messages are sent from the MSC to
the SGSN over the Gs interface and then to the PCU over the Gb interface. Then, the PCU determines
the channel for sending the paging message according to the following conditions:
 If the MS is assigned the PDCH, the paging message is sent on the PACCH.
 If no PDCH is assigned to the MS but the PCCCH is configured, the paging message is sent on the
PPCH.
 If no PDCH is assigned to the MS and no PCCCH is configured in the system, the PCU forwards the
paging message to the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the paging message to the MS on the PCH.
If the Gs interface is not configured, the CS paging message can be sent only on the PCH. The MS in
packet transfer mode, however, listens to messages only on the PACCH rather than paging messages
on the PCH. Therefore, the MS does not respond to the CS paging message on the PCH.
Huawei BSC supports the BSS paging coordination function. The BSSPAGINGCOORDINATION in
GPRS basic attributes must be enabled. After receiving a CS paging message from the A interface or Gb
interface, the BSC checks whether the GPRS service is ongoing on the MS based on the IMSI of the MS
in the paging message. If the MS is in packet transfer mode, the BSC sends the paging message to the
MS on the PACCH. If the MS is in packet idle mode, the BSC sends the paging message to the MS on
the PCH.
In BSS paging coordination mode, the BSC determines whether the CS paging message is sent on the
PACCH. In GPRS-capable networks, the paging success rate increases when BSS paging coordination
is enabled.
After receiving the CS paging message, the MS accesses the network through the RACH to establish a
circuit connection. If necessary, the MS initiates the GPRS Suspend procedure to suspend the ongoing
GPRS service. After the circuit connection is released, the MS resumes the GPRS service.
When external PCUs are used, BSS paging coordination is not supported.
3.3.6 Timing Advance

This section describes the feature GBFD-119113 Timing Advance Update.
The GPRS timing advance (TA) procedure is used to extract the correct TA value so that the network can
correctly receive the radio blocks from the MS.
The GPRS TA is classified into two types:
 Initial TA estimation
 Continuous TA update
Initial TA estimation
The BSC estimates an initial TA value based on a single access burst requesting a packet channel. Then,
the BSC sends the estimated TA value to the MS through a Packet Uplink Assignment or a Packet
Downlink Assignment message. Before the TA value is updated, the MS transmits data in the uplink
based on the initial TA.

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Continuous TA update
The MS in packet transfer mode must update the TA value continuously. The TA value is transmitted on
the packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH) that is assigned to the MS.
 For uplink packet transfer, the BSC sends a Packet Uplink Assignment message to the MS to assign
the timing advance index (TAI).
 For downlink packet transfer, the BSC sends a Packet Downlink Assignment message to the MS to
assign the TAI.
TAI specifies the PTCCH to be used by the MS. In the uplink, the MS sends access bursts on the
PTCCH specified by the TAI. The BTS extracts the TA value from the received access bursts.
The BTS analyzes the TA value and determines a new TA value for each MS that performs continuous
TA update on the PDCH. The new TA value is sent to the MS through a downlink signaling message on
the PTCCH/D. The BSC can also send the new TA value to the MS through a Packet Power
Control/Timing Advance or a Packet Uplink ACK/NACK message on the PACCH.
3.3.7 Flow Control

This section describes the feature GBFD-119116 Packet Uplink Flow Control.
Uplink Flow Control (GBFD-119116 Packet Uplink Flow Control)

If excessive MSs apply for the GPRS resources within cells or BSCs at the same time, the GPRS
resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested.
The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including paging response messages)
that are initiated by the MS and to delay the response to these service requests. The control of uplink
service requests is implemented through the control of random access requests on the PRACH/RACH.
The delay of the response to the service requests initiated by the MS is implemented through the queue
indication procedure.
To reduce random access requests on the PRACH/RACH, you can extend the random access
retransmission interval or prohibit the MSs of certain access classes. Extending the random access
retransmission interval affects the response speed and service quality of the system but it helps improve
the capacity of the system. Therefore, it can be used in some suitable situations. Prohibiting the access
of MSs of certain classes may affect the service quality of the system.
In addition, Huawei BSC handles overload in a policy based on the service and operation aspects. For
different types of overload, Huawei BSC adopts corresponding handling policies.
For example, for radio resource overload, the BSC reduces the load based on priorities in the following
way until the overload problem is solved:
 Delays the response to the access request with a low QoS requirement or rejects the access request
with a low QoS requirement.
 Releases the TBF of the MS with a low QoS requirement.
Downlink Flow Control (GBFD-119117 Flow Control on Gb Interface)

The BSC supports the downlink flow control of the BVC and MS. It reports associated parameters to the
SGSN on a regular basis.
The physical media and transmission protocols on the Gb interface are different from those on the Um
interface. Therefore, the two interfaces have different data transmission rates. The data transmission
rate on the Gb interface is greater than that on the Um interface. In addition, the downlink data rate on
the Um interface is subject to various factors, such as the multislot capability of the MS, radio signal

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quality, and available radio channels in the cell. Therefore, the data transmission rate is unstable and
thus the downlink flow control is required.
When a cell is in the stable state, the BSC initiates the flow control procedure. Based on the conditions of
the radio packet channels in the cell, the BSC reports the bucket size and bucket rate of the cell to the
SGSN regularly. In addition, the BSC reports the bucket size and bucket rate of the MS based on the
radio resource utilization of the MS. The bucket rate refers to the data transmission rate. Based on the
reported parameters, the SGSN adjusts the downlink data rates of the cell and each MS to achieve
downlink flow control.
 The bucket of a cell refers to the maximum volume of packet data that can be stored in the cell. The
volume varies with the number of packet channels in the cell.
 The bucket of an MS refers to the maximum volume of packet data that can be stored in the MS. The
volume varies with the number of packet channels assigned to the MS.
3.3.8 PS QoS
This section describes the feature GBFD-119109 QoS(Best Effort).
PS QoS refers to GPRS/EGPRS QoS, that is, the qualities of GPRS/EGPRS services on the GSM
EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN). The requirements for PS QoS are defined by QoS attributes,
including the traffic class, transfer delay, maximum bit rate (MBR), guaranteed bit rate (GBR), traffic
handling priority (THP), allocation/retention priority (ARP), and reliability.
3GPP TS 23.107 defines four traffic classes: conversational class, streaming class, interactive class,
and background class. Huawei BSC supports the last three classes and provides different QoS for
different traffic classes and PS service users.
Typical streaming services are the real-time video stream and real-time audio stream. The
characteristics of streaming services are as follows: The time sequence and delay variation between
information entities (for example, packets) of the stream should be preserved; streaming class does not
have strict requirements on transfer delay.
The interactive service is a classical data communication scheme. Typical interactive services include
web browsing, database retrieval, and server access. One of the characteristics of interactive services is
that a timely response to the request is required. Therefore, the round-trip delay time is one of the key
attributes. Another characteristic is that the content of the packets should be transferred at a low bit error
rate.
The background service is another classical data communication scheme. Typical background services
include file download and email. The characteristics of background services are as follows: The traffic is
insensitive to transfer delay; the content of the packets should be transferred at a low bit error rate.
According to the R99 specifications, the BSS and the SGSN can negotiate QoS information through the
packet flow management (PFM) procedure during the activation of the MS Packet Data Protocol (PDP)
context.
GBR QoS
For a streaming service, such as the Push to talk (PoC) service, the BSC dynamically allocates Um
resources to the MS based on the radio environment and ensures that the bandwidth is not lower than
the GBR. To ensure the real-time performance of the PoC service, the parameters POCGBRMIN and
POCGBRMAX are used to specify the required bandwidth, and the parameter POCDELAY is used to
specify the transfer delay. When the Um resources are insufficient, the BSC originates a packet flow
context (PFC) modification procedure.
Whether the GBR QoS is supported is specified by the parameter GBRQOS.

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User QoS
Whether different QoS can be provided for users of different priorities is specified by the parameter
QOSOPT.
For interactive, background, and Best Effort (BE) services, the BSC sets the user priority weight based
on the traffic class, ARP, and THP, where THP is considered only for interactive services. The user
priority weight determines the number of radio blocks that can be allocated to a TBF. BE service refer to
the service of which the QoS attributes are not obtained from the BSC or the service of which the traffic
class is unknown. The radio resource allocation and scheduling of this type of service are performed on
the basis of the best effort policy. The configured user priority weight reflects the user priority.
High-priority users can obtain more radio resources and bandwidth.
For more QoS information, see GPRS/EGPRS QoS Feature Parameter Description.
3.3.9 PS Power Control

This section describes the feature GBFD-119115 Power Control.
The BSC performs uplink open loop power control and downlink closed loop power control of MS PS
services.
The PS uplink open loop power control is mainly used in the PS uplink power control. The MS calculates
the transmit power of the MS at the uplink PDCH according to the ALPHA and GAMMA parameters
(configured by the BSC), strength of MS received signals, maximum output power allowed in the cell,
and maximum transmit power of the corresponding frequency band. On the assumption that the uplink
and the downlink have the same path loss, the uplink open loop power control enables the MS to adjust
the output power based on the RX level.
The PS downlink power control can be enabled only when the PDCH is in the same frequency band as
the BCCH. In the scenarios where the frequencies are highly reused, and user number is large, and the
distance between sites is short, PS power control reduces the interference on the entire network,
decreases the BTS power consumption, and expands the network capacity.
For the PBCCH, PCCCH, and PTCCH, the BTS uses a fixed output power (BCCH level – Pb). Here, Pb is
the value of the cell-level parameter PB, that is, the power attenuation value relative to the maximum
BCCH output power.
For the PDTCH and PACCH, if power control is not enabled at the BSC, the BTS uses the maximum
output power; if power control is enabled at the BSC, the BTS uses a variable output power: PBTS =
PBCCH – Pr. Here, Pr = P0 + PR. P0 is the value of the DLPCINITPR parameter, that is, the power
attenuation value relative to the maximum BCCH output power, and PR is the power attenuation value
relative to (BCCH level – P0).
For detailed principle of the PS power control, see Inter-RAT Handover Between the GERAN and the
EUTRAN.
3.3.10 Cell Reselection Control

This section describes the feature GBFD-119107 Networking Control Mode.
Network Control Modes

There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and
network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows:
 In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to
the network.

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 In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the
network.
 In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the
network.
The network control mode is specified by the parameter NCO.
MS-Controlled Cell Reselection

The MS periodically measures the RX levels of all the BCCH carriers of the serving cell and its
neighboring cells. In addition, the MS calculates the value of C2 if no PBCCH is configured in the serving
cell or calculates the value of C31/C32 if the PBCCH is configured in the serving cell. Based on the
calculated value, the MS decides whether to reselect a new serving cell. The cell reselection algorithm
enables the MS to be served by a better cell.
Network-Assisted Cell Reselection

Network-assisted cell reselection is also known as NACC, that is, network-assisted cell change. If both
the BSC and the MS support NACC, the MS originates a cell change notification (CCN) procedure, and
the BSC sends the system information about the neighboring cells to the MS before the cell reselection.
The NACC function accelerates the cell reselection and shortens the service disruption time during the
cell reselection. To enable this function, set the cell parameter NACCSPT to Yes. For details, see NACC
Feature Parameter Description.
Network-Controlled Cell Reselection

If the BSC supports NC2, the MS periodically sends measurement reports to the BSC based on the
parameters in the system information broadcast in the cell. After considering factors such as
measurement reports and neighboring cell load, the BSC sends a cell change command to the MS if all
conditions are met, leading the MS to a suitable cell. To enable this function, set the cell parameter
NC2SPT to Yes. For details, see NC2 Feature Parameter Description.
3.3.11 Idle Timeslot Assignment

The data rate of each timeslot on the Abis interface is 16 kbit/s, but the peak data rate of an EDGE traffic
channel is 59.2 kbit/s. Therefore, multiple 16 kbit/s timeslots on the Abis interface need to be mapped
onto one traffic channel. Among these timeslots, the first assigned timeslot is called the primary link and
the other timeslots are called secondary links.
Abis idle timeslots are used as 16 kbit/s timeslots of secondary links for PS services. The Abis idle
timeslots of the same BTS can be assigned to any PDCH on any TRX in the same cabinet group, which
is specified by CGN. The number of Abis idle timeslots is specified by TSCOUNT.
In GPRS, each PDCH requires one additional idle timeslot in the CS-3/CS-4 coding scheme. In EDGE,
each PDCH requires a maximum of three additional idle timeslots. In GPRS/EGPRS, different coding
schemes require different numbers of Abis links, as shown in Table 3-5.
Table 3-5 Coding schemes and required Abis link quantities
Coding Scheme Number of Required Abis Links
CS-1 and CS-2 1
CS-3 to CS-5 2
MCS-1 and MCS-2 1
MCS-3 to MCS-6 2

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Coding Scheme Number of Required Abis Links

MCS-7 3
MCS-8 and MCS-9 4
 If SERVICEMODE on the Abis interface is set to IP or HDLC, there is no idle timeslot for assignment.
 If Flex Abis is enabled for the BTS and the CS traffic is light, idle timeslots may not be configured and EDGE services
can still operate properly.
 If Flex Abis is enabled for the BTS and the CS traffic is heavy, idle timeslots should be configured. Otherwise, EDGE
services may fail for a long time.

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GPRS/EGPRS Overview 4 Parameters
4 Parameters
Table 4-1 Parameter description
Parameter ID NE MML Command Description
PROT BSC6900 ADD BC(Optional) Meaning: Protocol type of the trunk frame.
MOD BC(Optional) The setting of this parameter must be
consistent with the setting at the SGSN
side.
GUI Value Range: Q933(Q933),

ANSI(Ansi)
Actual Value Range: Q933, ANSI
Unit: None
Default Value: Q933
DLCI BSC6900 ADD Meaning: ID of the data link connection of
NSVC(Mandatory) the NSVC. It is an interworking parameter
MOD NSVC(Optional) which must be consistent on the BSC and
the peer.
GUI Value Range: 16~1007

Actual Value Range: 16~1007
Unit: None
Default Value: None
PT BSC6900 ADD NSE(Mandatory) Meaning: Subnet protocol type
GUI Value Range: GB_OVER_FR(Gb over

FR), GB_OVER_IP(Gb over IP)
Actual Value Range: GB_OVER_FR,
GB_OVER_IP
Unit: None
Default Value: None
ISNCMODE BSC6900 ADD NSE(Optional) Meaning: Configuration mode of the IP
subnetwork. Static configuration: fixed
local NSVL and remote NSVL parameters
through manual configuration; Dynamic
configuration: the NSVL parameter
obtained through negotiation between the
BSC and the SGSN after the local NSVL
and SGSN service point are configured
manually.
GUI Value Range: STATIC(Static),

DYNAMIC(Dynamic)
Actual Value Range: STATIC, DYNAMIC
Unit: None
Default Value: STATIC

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SVRIP BSC6900 ADD NSE(Mandatory) Meaning: Server IP address used on the

MOD NSE(Optional) SGSN side in the IP subnet dynamic
configuration procedure
GUI Value Range: None

Actual Value Range:
0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255
Unit: None
Default Value: None
NSEI BSC6900 ADD Meaning: The identifier of a network
GCELLQUICKSETUP( service entity (NSE).An NSE manages a
Optional) group of NSVCs.

Unit: None
Default Value: None
NSEI BSC6900 ADD NSE(Mandatory) Meaning: Identifies a unique NSE
MOD NSE(Mandatory)
RMV NSE(Mandatory) GUI Value Range: 0~65534
Unit: None
Default Value: None
NSEI BSC6900 ADD Meaning: Identifies a unique NSE

NSVC(Mandatory)
Unit: None
Default Value: None
NSVLLOCAL(Mandato
ry) GUI Value Range: 0~65534
Unit: None
Default Value: None
NSVLREMOTE(Manda
tory) GUI Value Range: 0~65534
MOD Actual Value Range: 0~65534
NSVLREMOTE(Option Unit: None
al) Default Value: None

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PTPBVC(Mandatory)
RMV GUI Value Range: 0~65534
PTPBVC(Mandatory) Actual Value Range: 0~65534
Unit: None
Default Value: None
CELL8PSKPOW BSC6900 SET Meaning: Timeslot power attenuation level
ERLEVEL GCELLBASICPARA(O of the EDGE TRX in 8PSK. The
ptional) attenuation level ranges from 0 to 50, each
of which corresponds to an attenuation of
0.2 dB.
When the EDGE TRX sends signals in
8PSK, the transmit power must be lower
than the mean power in GMSK.

Unit: None
Default Value: 0
UPDEFAULTCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Default coding scheme of the
GCELLPSCS(Optional) uplink GPRS link. If the uplink adopts the
dynamic adjustment coding scheme, this
parameter can be used to set the coding
scheme for transmission during initial
access. If the uplink uses the fixed coding
scheme, the TBF uses the fixed coding
scheme.
GUI Value Range: CS1(CS1), CS2(CS2),

CS3(CS3), CS4(CS4)
Actual Value Range: CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4
Unit: None
Default Value: CS1
DNDEFAULTCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Coding scheme of the default
GCELLPSCS(Optional) GPRS downlink. Dynamic adjustment
coding: the coding scheme used during
initial access transmission. If the downlink
uses the fixed coding scheme, the TBF
uses the fixed coding scheme.

CS3(CS3), CS4(CS4)
Actual Value Range: CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4
Unit: None
Default Value: CS2

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UPFIXCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Adjustment mode of the uplink

GCELLPSCS(Optional) GPRS link coding scheme. If the fixed
coding scheme is used, this parameter is a
value ranging from CS1 to CS4. If the
dynamic coding scheme is used, this
parameter is set to UNFIXED.

CS3(CS3), CS4(CS4),
UNFIXED(UNFIXED)
Actual Value Range: CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4,
UNFIXED
Unit: None
Default Value: UNFIXED
DNFIXCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Adjustment mode of the downlink
GCELLPSCS(Optional) GPRS link coding scheme. If the fixed
coding scheme is used, this parameter is
set to a value ranging from CS1 to CS4. If
the dynamic coding scheme is used, this
parameter is set to UNFIXED.

CS3(CS3), CS4(CS4),
UNFIXED(UNFIXED)
Actual Value Range: CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4,
UNFIXED
Unit: None
UPTHDCSUPGR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Retransmission threshold when
ADE1 GCELLPSCS(Optional) the coding mode of the uplink TBF is
changed from CS1 to CS2. When the
retransmission rate of the uplink TBF is
less than or equal to this threshold, the
coding mode of the uplink TBF is changed
from CS1 to CS2.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5

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from CS2 to CS3.

Unit: %
Default Value: 2
from CS3 to CS4.

Unit: %
Default Value: 2
UPTHDCSDEGR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Retransmission threshold when
greater than or equal to this threshold, the
from CS2 to CS1.

Unit: %
Default Value: 10
from CS3 to CS2.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5

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from CS4 to CS3.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5
DNTHDCSUPGR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Retransmission threshold when
ADE1 GCELLPSCS(Optional) the coding mode of the downlink TBF is
changed from CS1 to CS2. When the TBF
retransmission rate is less than or equals
to this value, the coding mode of the TBF is
changed from CS1 to CS2.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5
ADE2 GCELLPSCS(Optional) the coding mode of the TBF is changed
from CS2 to CS3. When the downlink TBF
retransmission rate is less than or equals
to CS2 to CS1, the coding mode of the
TBF is changed from CS2 to CS3.

Unit: %
Default Value: 2
downlink TBF retransmission rate is less
than or equals to this value, the coding
mode of the downlink TBF is changed from
CS3 to CS4.

Unit: %
Default Value: 2

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DNTHDCSDEGR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Retransmission threshold when

downlink TBF retransmission rate is
greater than or equals to this value, the
coding mode of the TBF is changed from
CS2 to CS1.

Unit: %
Default Value: 10
ADE2 GCELLPSCS(Optional) the coding mode of the TBF is changed
from CS3 to CS2. When the TBF
retransmission rate is greater than or
equals to this value, the coding mode of
the TBF is changed from CS3 to CS2.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5
downlink TBF Retransmission rate is
greater than or equals to this value, the
coding mode of the TBF is changed from
CS4 to CS3.

Unit: %
Default Value: 5

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UPDEFAULTMC BSC6900 SET Meaning: Default coding scheme of the

S GCELLEGPRSPARA( uplink EDGE link. If the uplink adopts the
Optional) dynamic adjustment coding scheme, this
parameter can be used to set the coding
scheme for transmission during initial
access. If the uplink uses the fixed coding
scheme, the TBF uses the fixed coding
scheme.
GUI Value Range: MCS1(MCS1),

MCS2(MCS2), MCS3(MCS3),
MCS8(MCS8), MCS9(MCS9)
Actual Value Range: MCS1, MCS2, MCS3,
MCS4, MCS5, MCS6, MCS7, MCS8,
MCS9
Unit: None
Default Value: MCS2
DNDEFAULTMC BSC6900 SET Meaning: Default coding scheme of the
S GCELLEGPRSPARA( downlink EDGE link. If the downlink adopts
Optional) the dynamic adjustment coding scheme,
this parameter can be used to set the
coding scheme for transmission during
initial access. If the downlink uses the fixed
coding scheme, the TBF uses the fixed
coding scheme.

MCS8(MCS8), MCS9(MCS9)
MCS9
Unit: None
Default Value: MCS6

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UPFIXMCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Coding scheme of the uplink

GCELLEGPRSPARA( EDGE link. If the uplink uses the fixed
Optional) coding scheme, this parameter is set to a
value ranging from MCS1 to MCS9. If the
uplink uses the dynamic adjustment coding
scheme, this parameter is set to UNFIXED.

UNFIXED(UNFIXED)
MCS9, UNFIXED
Unit: None
DNFIXMCS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Coding scheme of the downlink
GCELLEGPRSPARA( EDGE link. If the downlink uses the fixed
Optional) coding scheme, this parameter is set to a
value ranging from MCS1 to MCS9. If the
downlink uses the dynamic adjustment
coding scheme, this parameter is set to
UNFIXED.

UNFIXED(UNFIXED)
MCS9, UNFIXED
Unit: None
BEPPERIOD BSC6900 SET Meaning: Average period for sending the
GCELLEGPRSPARA( measurement report over the EGPRS
Optional) channel

Unit: None
Default Value: 5

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CHNTYPE BSC6900 SET Meaning: Channel type of the timeslot on

BTSCHNFALLBACK(M the TRX. The channel type of timeslot 0
andatory) must not be set, because the combined
BCCH is configured by default. The
channel type of other timeslots can be set
to full-rate TCH or half-rate TCH.
GUI Value Range: FULLTCH(FULLTCH),

HALFTCH(HALFTCH)
Actual Value Range: FULLTCH, HALFTCH
Unit: None
Default Value: None
GPRSCHPRI BSC6900 SET Meaning: EGPRS priority type of the
GTRXCHAN(Optional) channel
If this parameter is set to GPRS, the EDGE
MSs cannot use this channel.
If this parameter is set to EGPRSNORCH,
the GPRS and EDGE MSs can use this
channel at the same priority.
If this parameter is set to EGPRSPRICH,
the EDGE MSs have the priority to use this
channel.
If this parameter is set to EGPRSSPECH,
only the EDGE MSs can use this channel.
If this parameter is set to NONGPRS, this
parameter becomes invalid.
GUI Value Range: GPRS(GPRS Channel),

EGPRSNORCH(EGPRS Normal
Channel), EGPRSPRICH(EGPRS Priority
Channel), EGPRSSPECH(EGPRS Special
Channel), NONGPRS(Non-GPRS
Channel)
Actual Value Range: GPRS,
EGPRSNORCH, EGPRSPRICH,
EGPRSSPECH, NONGPRS
Unit: None
Default Value: NONGPRS

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FORBIDEDGU BSC6900 SET Meaning: Switch specifying whether to

BSCPSSOFTPARA(O allow the downlink EGPRS TBF and the
ptional) uplink GPRS TBF to share the same
channel. On: allow the downlink EGPRS
TBF and the uplink GPRS TBF to share
the same channel; Off: prohibit the
downlink EGPRS TBF and the uplink
GPRS TBF sharing the same channel.
GUI Value Range: OPEN(Open),

CLOSE(Close)
Actual Value Range: OPEN, CLOSE
Unit: None
Default Value: OPEN
MAXPDCHRATE BSC6900 SET Meaning: Maximum value of the PDCH
GCELLPSCHM(Option ratio in a cell. The number of available
al) TCHs and PDCHs in a cell is set to a fixed
value. The PDCH ratio is: Number of
available PDCHs/(Number of available
TCHFs + Number of available static
PDCHs). This parameter is used to restrict
the PDCH ratio.

Unit: %
Default Value: 30
PDCHUPLEV BSC6900 SET Meaning: PDCH uplink multiplex threshold,
GCELLPSCHM(Option indicating the maximum TBFs on the uplink
al) PDCH (parameter value/10). We
recommend that the value of "Uplink
Multiplex Threshold of Dynamic Channel
Conversion" should be less than "PDCH
Uplink Multiplex Threshold" for triggering
converting dynamic channel in time and
reducing PDCH multiplex.

Unit: None
Default Value: 70

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PDCHDWNLEV BSC6900 SET Meaning: PDCH downlink multiplex

GCELLPSCHM(Option threshold, Indicating the maximum TBFs
al) on the downlink PDCH (parameter
value/10). We recommend that the value of
"Downlink Multiplex Threshold of Dynamic
Channel Conversion" should be less than
"PDCH Downlink Multiplex Threshold" for
triggering converting dynamic channel in
time and reducing PDCH multiplex.

Unit: None
Default Value: 80

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UPDYNCHNTRA BSC6900 SET Meaning: Controls channel conversion

NLEV GCELLPSCHM(Option requests and releases according to cell
al) load
Maximum number of the users multiplexing
one channel, which is a trigger condition
for the uplink dynamic channel transition.
When "Upper Threshold for CS Idle
Channel Rate" is set to "100" and the
number of the users multiplexing one
channel reaches "Uplink Multiplex
Threshold of Dynamic Channel
Conversion"/10, the request for channel
conversion is triggered.
When channel bandwidth is not greater
than "PS Service Guaranteed Rate" set
through the "SET BTSOTHPARA"
command, a channel conversion request is
raised if the CS idle channel rate is above
"Upper Threshold for CS Idle Channel
Rate" and the number of users carried on
the channel reaches "Uplink Multiplex
Conversion"/10.
Channel Rate" is not set to "100", if the CS
idle channel rate is below "Lower
Threshold for CS Idle Channel Rate" and
the number of the users multiplexing one
channel is smaller than "Uplink Multiplex
Conversion"/10, the related channel is
released.
In the case of insufficient Abis or DSP
resources, the resources of other cells can
be preempted only when the cell load is
higher than "Uplink Multiplex Threshold of
Dynamic Channel Conversion"/10.
Resources and channels can be released
only when the cell load is lower than
"Uplink Multiplex Threshold of Dynamic
Channel Conversion"/10. We recommend
that the value of "Uplink Multiplex
Uplink Multiplex Threshold" for triggering
converting dynamic channel in time and
reducing PDCH multiplex.

Unit: None
Default Value: 20

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-13
GSM BSS
DWNDYNCHNT BSC6900 SET Meaning: Controls channel conversion

RANLEV GCELLPSCHM(Option requests and releases according to cell
al) load
Maximum number of the users multiplexing
one channel, which is a trigger condition
for the downlink dynamic channel
transition. When "Upper Threshold for CS
Idle Channel Rate" is set to "100" and the
number of the users multiplexing one
channel reaches "Downlink Multiplex
conversion"/10, the request for channel
conversion is triggered.
When channel bandwidth is not greater
than "PS Service Guaranteed Rate" set
through the "SET BTSOTHPARA"
command, a channel conversion request is
raised if the CS idle channel rate is above
"Upper Threshold for CS Idle Channel
Rate" and the number of users carried on
the channel reaches "Downlink Multiplex
Conversion"/10.
Channel Rate" is not set to "100", If the CS
idle channel rate is below "Lower
Threshold for CS Idle Channel Rate" and
the number of the users multiplexing one
channel is smaller than "Downlink Multiplex
Conversion"/10.
In the case of insufficient Abis or DSP
resources, the resources of other cells can
be preempted only when the cell load is
higher than "Downlink Multiplex Threshold
of Dynamic Channel Conversion"/10.
Resources and channels can be released
only when the cell load is lower than
"Downlink Multiplex Threshold of Dynamic
Channel Conversion"/10. We recommend
that the value of "Downlink Multiplex
Downlink Multiplex Threshold" for
triggering converting dynamic channel in
time and reducing PDCH multiplex.

Unit: None
Default Value: 20

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-14
GSM BSS
DYNCHNPREEM BSC6900 SET Meaning: Mode of preempting the dynamic

PTLEV GCELLPSCHM(Option channel for the CS domain and PS
al) domain. Only the channel configured in the
TCH/F mode can be preempted.
"Preempt all dynamic TCHFs" indicates the
circuit domain can preempt all the dynamic
channels.
"No preempt of CCHs" indicates the circuit
domain can preempt all the dynamic
channels except the CCHs.
"No preempt of service TCHF" indicates
the circuit domain cannot preempt all the
dynamic channels of bearer services.
GUI Value Range: LEVEL0(Preempt all

dynamic TCHFs), LEVEL1(No preempt of
CCHs), LEVEL2(No preempt of service
TCHF)
Actual Value Range: LEVEL0, LEVEL1,
LEVEL2
Unit: None
Default Value: LEVEL0
DYNCHTRANRE BSC6900 SET Meaning: Number of full-rate TCHs
SLEV GCELLPSCHM(Option reserved for the CS domain
al)
Unit: None
Default Value: 2

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-15
GSM BSS
NMO BSC6900 SET Meaning: This parameter is related to the

GCELLPSBASE(Optio paging channel of the system. There are
nal) three network operation modes: network
operation mode I, network operation mode
II, and network operation mode III. Network
operation mode I is used when the system
is configured with the Gs interface.
Network operation mode II is used when
the system is not configured with the Gs
interface and the PCCCH is not
configured. Network operation mode III is
used when the system is not configured
with the Gs interface and the PCCCH is
configured.
GUI Value Range: NMOI(Network

Operation Mode I), NMOII(Network
Operation Mode II), NMOIII(Network
Operation Mode III)
Actual Value Range: NMOI, NMOII,
NMOIII
Unit: None
Default Value: NMOII
NMO BSC6900 ADD Meaning: This parameter should be set
UCNDOMAIN(Optional according to the actual network situation .
) If there is the Gs interface between SGSN
MOD and MSC/VLR this parameter is set as
UCNDOMAIN(Optional MODE1; otherwise, MODE2. It is valid only
) when [CN domain ID] is set as
PS_DOMAIN.
GUI Value Range: MODE1, MODE2

Actual Value Range: MODE1, MODE2
Unit: None
Default Value: MODE2

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-16
GSM BSS
T3168 BSC6900 SET Meaning: T3168 is used to set the

GCELLPSBASE(Optio maximum duration for the MS to wait for
nal) the uplink assignment message. After the
MS originates the uplink TBF setup
request by sending the packet resource
request or the channel request in the
packet uplink acknowledge message, the
timer T3168 is started to wait for the packet
uplink assignment message on the
network side. If the MS receives the packet
uplink assignment message before T3168
expires, T3168 is reset. Otherwise, the MS
originates the packet access request for
four times. Then the MS regards this as the
TBF setup failure.
GUI Value Range: 500ms(500ms),

1000ms(1000ms), 1500ms(1500ms),
2000ms(2000ms), 2500ms(2500ms),
3000ms(3000ms), 3500ms(3500ms),
4000ms(4000ms)
Actual Value Range: 500ms, 1000ms,
1500ms, 2000ms, 2500ms, 3000ms,
3500ms, 4000ms
Unit: ms
Default Value: 500ms
EGPRS11BITCH BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support the 11-bit
ANREQ GCELLPSBASE(Optio EGPRS access request
nal)
GUI Value Range: NO(NO), YES(YES)
Actual Value Range: NO, YES
Unit: None
Default Value: YES
ACCBURST BSC6900 SET Meaning: Access pulse type of the
GCELLPSBASE(Optio PRACH, uplink PTCCH and packet control
nal) acknowledge message of the MS.
8bit: 8 bit pulse access mode; 11bit: 11 bit
pulse access mode.
GUI Value Range: 8BIT(8BIT),

11BIT(11BIT)
Actual Value Range: 8BIT, 11BIT
Unit: None
Default Value: 8BIT

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-17
GSM BSS
PRIACCTHR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Access priority of the MS that is

GCELLPSBASE(Optio allowed to access the cell. The MS sends
nal) the packet channel request containing the
2-bit radio priority message. The priority of
the 2-bit radio priority message ranges
from 1 to 4 in descending order. During the
MS access, the BSC compares the radio
priority in the channel request with the
parameter setting of the cell. If the radio
priority equals to the parameter setting of
the cell, the BSC sets up the TBF for the
channel request.
GUI Value Range: 0(No packet access),

3(Packet access of level 1), 4(Packet
access of levels 1-2), 5(Packet access of
levels 1-3), 6(Packet access of level 1-4)
Actual Value Range: 0, 3, 4, 5, 6
Unit: None
Default Value: 6
USFGRAN4BLK BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support USF
BSCPSSOFTPARA(O granularity 4
ptional)
GUI Value Range: NOTSUPPORT(Not
Support), SUPPORT(Support)
Actual Value Range: NOTSUPPORT,
SUPPORT
Unit: None
Default Value: NOTSUPPORT

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-18
GSM BSS
T3192 BSC6900 SET Meaning: Duration of releasing the TBF

GCELLPSBASE(Optio after the MS receives the last data block.
nal) When the MS receives the RLC data block
containing the flag identifying the last data
block and confirms that all the RLC data
blocks in the TBF are received, the MS
sends the packet downlink acknowledge
message containing the last flag
acknowledgement and the timer T3192 is
started. If the timer T3192 expires, the MS
releases the TBF related resources and
starts monitoring the paging channel.
During TBF releasing, if the MS is the half
duplex mode and receives the packet
uplink assignment, the MS responds this
command. During TBF releasing, if the MS
is the half duplex mode and receives no
packet uplink assignment message, the
MS enters the packet idle mode. If the MS
is in the dual transmission mode, the MS
enters the special mode.
GUI Value Range: 0ms(0ms),

80ms(80ms), 120ms(120ms),
160ms(160ms), 200ms(200ms),
500ms(500ms), 1000ms(1000ms),
1500ms(1500ms)
Actual Value Range: 0ms, 80ms, 120ms,
160ms, 200ms, 500ms, 1000ms, 1500ms
Unit: ms
Default Value: 500ms

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-19
GSM BSS
LQCMODE BSC6900 SET Meaning: It is applicable to the radio

GCELLEGPRSPARA( transmission environment to improve the
Optional) link quality. Link adaptation (LA) indicates
adjusting the coding mode of the channel
dynamically according to the transmission
quality of the link. The link transmission
quality is measured by the 8PSK MEAN
BEP and 8PSK CV BEP in the Packet
EGPRS Downlink Ack/Nack message sent
by the MS. The network side determines
the coding mode for data transmission
according to the radio measurement report
sent by the MS. The cell with the good
transmission quality on the air interface is
set to the LA mode. Increment redundancy
(IR) mode requires the network side
retransmit the data block with different
punching codes and the MS store the
historical error information. The data block
is retransmitted through cooperated error
correction function. With the IR mode, the
transmission quality on the air interface of
the cell can be improved. However, the MS
must support this IR mode. The cell with
the dissatisfied transmission quality on the
air interface is set to the LR mode.
GUI Value Range: IR(IR), LA(LA)

Actual Value Range: IR, LA
Unit: None
Default Value: IR
BSSPAGINGCO BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support the paging
ORDINATION GCELLPSBASE(Optio function of the CS domain of the A
nal) interface. Yes: the MS can be called upon
paging request on the A interface when
handling the PS service; No: the MS
cannot be called upon paging request on
the A interface when handling the PS
service.
GUI Value Range: NO(NO), YES(YES)

Unit: None
Default Value: NO

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-20
GSM BSS
POCGBRMIN BSC6900 SET Meaning: Minimum bandwidth of the POC

GCELLPSOTHERPAR service (push to talk over cellular). The
A(Optional) transmission delay of the POC service
must be relatively small. The network side
must support the function of detecting the
POC service type and reduce the delay
through related processing to meet the
POC service requirement. For the POC
service received by the network side,
GbrValue in the ABQP must be larger than
the minimum bandwidth of the POC
service.

Unit: None
Default Value: 6
POCGBRMAX BSC6900 SET Meaning: Maximum bandwidth of the POC
GCELLPSOTHERPAR service (push to talk over cellular). The
A(Optional) transmission delay of the POC service
must be relatively small. The network side
must support the function of detecting the
POC service type and reduce the delay
through related processing to meet the
POC service requirement. For the POC
service received by the network side,
GbrValue in the ABQP must be lower than
the maximum bandwidth of the POC
service.

Unit: None
Default Value: 16
POCDELAY BSC6900 SET Meaning: Maximum transmission delay of
GCELLPSOTHERPAR the POC service (push to talk over
A(Optional) cellular). The transmission delay of the
POC service must be relatively small. The
network side must support the function of
detecting the POC service type and reduce
the delay through related processing to
meet the POC service requirement. For the
POC service received by the network side,
Transfer Delay in the ABQP must be lower
than the transmission threshold of the POC
service.

Unit: None
Default Value: 650

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-21
GSM BSS
GBRQOS BSC6900 SET Meaning: Obtains the QoS parameter from

GCELLPSOTHERPAR the Aggregate BSS QoS Profile (ABQP) of
A(Optional) packet flow context (PFC) when the MS
and the network support the PFC; obtains
the QoS parameter from the uplink request
originated by the MS or the DL UNITDATA
of the SGSN. GBR: guaranteed bit rate.
GUI Value Range: NO(Not Support),

YES(Support)
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
QOSOPT BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support QoC
GCELLPSOTHERPAR optimization. The GSN equipment for the
A(Optional) GPRS provides flexible QoS mechanisms
for different subscribers. The QoS level is
also set during subscription. The QoS
control parameters include: service priority,
reliability level, delay level, and data
throughput level. During QoS negotiation,
the MS can apply for one value for each
QoS attribute. When receiving the request
from the MS, the network must allocate a
QoS level to each attribute for each QoS
document. The network provides related
resources for the negotiated QoS
document.
GUI Value Range: NO(Not Support),

YES(Support)
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
ALPHA BSC6900 SET Meaning: It is used to perform open loop
GCELLPSPWPARA(O power control. Alpha parameter is used by
ptional) the MS to calculate the output power PCH
of the uplink PDCH. This parameter is
used to set the reduced class of the Tx
power of the MS, in correspondence with
the path loss, when the GPRS dynamic
power control is enabled.
GUI Value Range: 0(0.0), 1(0.1), 2(0.2),

3(0.3), 4(0.4), 5(0.5), 6(0.6), 7(0.7), 8(0.8),
9(0.9), 10(1.0)
Actual Value Range: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10
Unit: None
Default Value: 6

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-22
GSM BSS
GAMMA BSC6900 SET Meaning: Expected signal receiving

GCELLPSPWPARA(O strength on the BTS side when GPRS
ptional) dynamic power control is implemented

Unit: None
Default Value: 12
PB BSC6900 SET Meaning: BTS power attenuation on the
GCELLPSPWPARA(O measured PBCCH
ptional)
GUI Value Range: DB0(0dB), DB2(-2dB),
DB4(-4dB), DB6(-6dB), DB8(-8dB),
DB10(-10dB), DB12(-12dB), DB14(-14dB),
DB16(-16dB), DB18(-18dB), DB20(-20dB),
DB22(-22dB), DB24(-24dB), DB26(-26dB),
DB28(-28dB), DB30(-30dB)
Actual Value Range: DB0, DB2, DB4, DB6,
DB8, DB10, DB12, DB14, DB16, DB18,
DB20, DB22, DB24, DB26, DB28, DB30
Unit: dB
Default Value: DB2
DLPCINITPR BSC6900 SET Meaning: Initial attenuation value of the
GCELLPSPWPARA(O transmit power for other channel relative to
ptional) the maximum BCCH transmit power for PS
downlink power control
GUI Value Range: DB0(0dB), DB2(2dB),

DB4(4dB), DB6(6dB), DB8(8dB),
DB10(10dB), DB12(12dB), DB14(14dB),
DB16(16dB), DB18(18dB), DB20(20dB),
DB22(22dB), DB24(24dB), DB26(26dB),
DB28(28dB), DB30(30dB)
Actual Value Range: DB0, DB2, DB4, DB6,
DB8, DB10, DB12, DB14, DB16, DB18,
DB20, DB22, DB24, DB26, DB28, DB30
Unit: dB
Default Value: DB0

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-23
GSM BSS
NCO BSC6900 SET Meaning: Network control mode for cell

GCELLPSBASE(Optio reselection of the MS. There are three
nal) modes. NC0: normal MS control. The MS
shall perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC1: MS control with measurement
reports. The MS shall send measurement
reports to the network and the MS shall
perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC2: network control. The MS shall send
measurement reports to the network. The
MS shall only perform autonomous cell
re-selection when the reselection is
triggered by a downlink signaling failure or
a random access failure. When this
parameter is set to NC2 and "Support
NC2" in "SET GCELLGPRS" is set to
"YES", the network side can control the cell
reselection for the MS.
GUI Value Range: NC0(NC0), NC1(NC1),

NC2(NC2)
Actual Value Range: NC0, NC1, NC2
Unit: None
Default Value: NC0
NACCSPT BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support the network
GCELLGPRS(Optional assisted cell change (NACC). The NACC
) is used in the network control modes NC0,
NC1 or NC2. The NACC enables the
network to notify the MS of the system
information of the neighboring cell when
the MS is in the packet transmission state.
In this way, the MS can reselect a cell in a
shorter time.
GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)

Unit: None
Default Value: NO

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-24
GSM BSS
NC2SPT BSC6900 SET Meaning: Whether to support the network

GCELLGPRS(Optional control 2 (NC2). The NC2 enables the
) network side to control the cell reselection
for the MS when the MS reports the
measurement report of the local cell and
the neighboring cell.When this parameter
is set to "YES" and "Network Control
Mode" in "SET GCELLPSBASE" is set to
"NC2", the network side can control the cell
reselection for the MS.
GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)

Unit: None
Default Value: NO
CGN BSC6900 SET Meaning: Number of the cabinet group
BTSIDLETS(Mandator where the idle timeslot is located.
y)
Unit: None
Default Value: None
TSCOUNT BSC6900 SET Meaning: Number of idle timeslots. You
BTSIDLETS(Mandator can configure up to 128 idle timeslots for
y) the BTS at a time. A BTS can be
configured with up to 512 idle timeslots.

Unit: None
Default Value: None
SERVICEMODE BSC6900 ADD BTS(Optional) Meaning: Service bearer mode of the BTS.
MOD BTS(Optional) TDM:Time Division Multiplex Mode
HDLC:High level Data Link Control Mode
HDLC_HubBTS:Hub Base Transceiver
Station Mode
IP:Internet Protocol Mode
GUI Value Range: TDM, HDLC,

HDLC_HubBTS, IP
Actual Value Range: TDM, HDLC,
HubBTS, IP
Unit: None
Default Value: TDM

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 4-25
GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 5 Counters
5 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 5-1
GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 6 Glossary
6 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 6-1
GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Overview 7 Reference Documents
7 Reference Documents
[1] 3GPP TS 41.061, "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); GPRS ciphering algorithm
requirements"
[2] 3GPP TS 43.064, "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Overall description of the GPRS radio
interface; Stage 2"
[3] 3GPP TS 44.060, "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Mobile Station (MS) - Base Station
System (BSC) interface; Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol"
[4] 3GPP TS 44.064, "Mobile Station - Serving GPRS Support Node (MS-SGSN); Logical Link Control
(LLC) Layer Specification"
[5] BSC6900 Feature List
[6] BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
[7] BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
[8] BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference
[9] BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference

Issue 01 (2010-06-30) 7-1

GPRSEGPRS Overview

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1.2 Intended Audience

1.3 Change History

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

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Built-in PCUs and external PCUs cannot coexist in the BSS.

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Figure 3-1 GPRS network topology with built-in PCUs

If external PCUs are used for networking:

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Figure 3-2 GPRS network topology with external PCUs

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Figure 3-3 Protocol stack of the Gb interface

NS: Network Service BSSGP: Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol

The protocol stack of the Gb interface works as follows:

Management of the Gb Interface

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Networking of the Gb Interface

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Figure 3-8 Protocol stack of the Pb interface

The functions of the layers on the Pb interface are as follows:

Management of the Pb Interface

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Features of the Pb Interface

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CS-1 to CS-4 Coding Schemes in GPRS (GBFD-119106 Coding Scheme)

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MCS-1 to MCS-9 Coding Schemes in EGPRS

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Coding Scheme Modulation Scheme Number of Rate (kbit/s)

3.2.2 Packet Data Logical Channels

Types of Packet Data Logical Channels

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Types of Combined Packet Data Logical Channels

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PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH

3.2.3 Radio Link Control Modes

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RLC Acknowledged Mode

RLC Unacknowledged Mode

3.2.4 Network Operation Modes

Network Operation Mode I (GBFD-510001 Network Operation Mode I)

Network Operation Mode II

Network Operation Mode III

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Network CS Paging Message PS Paging Message Paging

3.2.5 Packet System Information

3.3 System Procedures

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3.3.2 Radio Resource Allocation

MAC Mode (GBFD-119104 MAC Mode)

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3.3.3 TBF Resource Assignment

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 Downlink immediate assignment for TBF establishment on the CCCH