Lab 3

Epithelial Tissue & Connective Tissue

 Objectives

Describe the general features of epithelial and connective

tissues

Describe the location of various types of epithelial and

connective tissues
Epithelial Tissues
Epithelial tissue
• Tissue: cells that work together in groups to carry out a certain
function
• Four types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Epithelial tissue
• Cells that are closely packed are arranged in continuous sheets
(single or multiple layers).
• The cells have many cell junctions, with little intercellular space
between adjacent plasma membranes. Epithelial tissues form
coverings and linings throughout the body.
Just for your information!
 FYI: some Basal Lamina in
some tissue extends to
Epithelial tissue make something called
lamina propria

• Epithelia tissue sits on a Basement Membrane

(BM). BM is a thin extracellular layer with two
layers; basal lamina and reticular lamina.
- Basal lamina (lamina - thin layer) is closer to—and
secreted by—epithelial cells. Contain laminin
molecules and attach epithelial cells to basement
membrane
- Reticular lamina - closer to underlying connective
tissue and contains proteins such as collagen
Epithelial tissue
1-Types of Epithelia
- Covering and lining epithelium: forms the outer covering of the skin
and some internal organs. It also forms the inner lining of blood vessels,
ducts, and body cavities, and interior of the respiratory, digestive,
urinary, and reproductive systems.
- Glandular epithelium makes up the secreting portion of glands
2- Classification
- Arrangement of cells into layers (simple, pseudostratified, stratified)
- Shapes of the cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
Cell shapes and arrangement of layers for covering and lining
epithelium
Let’s Play a
game!!

tall, narrow, flat, irregular cube shaped,

nucleus toward round shape central
base nucleus
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Section of a vein containing red blood cells.
All blood vessels are lined with a simple
squamous epithelium called endothelium
(arrowheads). Pararosaniline–toluidine blue
(PT) stain. 40X magnification.
* Don’t memorize stains
Simple cuboidal epithelium (arrow) from kidney
collecting tubules. PT stain. 10X magnification.
* Don’t memorize stains
Simple columnar epithelium formed by long cells with elliptical nuclei. The epithelium rests
on the loose connective tissue of the lamina propria (Basal lamina ). A basal lamina (not
visible) is interposed between the epithelial cells and the connective tissue.. H&E stain. 40X
magnification.
* Don’t memorize stains
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the trachea, formed by long and short cells. As some
cells do not reach the surface of the epithelium their nuclei are present in different heights of
the epithelial layer. Mucus-secreting cells, called goblet cells (arrow), intermingle with ciliated
lining cells. * Don’t memorize stains
 For your information:
the production and
maintenance of the
protective mucus

Section of large intestine showing goblet cells

(arrows) secreting mucus to the extracellular space to
ease the movement of large intestine content. The
mucus precursor stored in the cytoplasm of the goblet
cells is also stained in a dark color. PAS–PT stain. 40X
magnification. * Don’t memorize stains
 FYI
cilia are involved
in the rhythmic
movement of the
cell or movement
of objects over
the cell surface
whereas microvilli
enhance the
absorption of
nutrients by
increasing the
surface area of
the cell.

Section of intestinal villi stained by the PAS technique, a procedure that detects some
polysaccharides. Note the positive reaction in the goblet cells and brush border, which
consists of microvilli associated with the sugar-rich cell coat. Counterstained with
hematoxylin. 40X magnification. * Don’t memorize stains
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium of
the esophagus. The most superficial cells (arrow)
have the form of very thin scales. PT stain. 40X
magnification.
* Don’t memorize stains
 These cells
are called
transitional
because
they can
undergo a
change in
their shape
and
structure.

Stratified transitional epithelium of the urethra. The red-stained basement membrane

between the epithelium and the underlying loose connective tissue is indicated by arrows. PSH
stain. 40X magnification. * Don’t memorize stains
Connective Tissues
 Classification of Connective
tissues

1
Mature Embryonic connective
Tissue connective tissues
Proper tissues
2 3 4
Loose connective Dense connective Cartilage Bone tissue Liquid Mesenchyme Mucous
tissues tissues connective connecti
tissue ve tissue
Areolar Reticular Hyaline
connective cartilage Fibro- Elastic Blood
Adipos connective Dense Dense
tissue Elastic cartilage cartilage tissue Lymph
e tissue tissue regular irregular
connective connective
connective
tissue tissue
tissue

Just like tissue proper, it

can stand tissue
attention, however, it can
also stand compression.
 Connective
tissue

Extracellular Cells
matrix

Ground White and Red

Fibers Fibroblasts Macrophages Plasma Mast Adipocytes
Substances blood cells
cells cells

Collagen Elastic Reticulr

fibers fibers fibers

*Note that there are various types of CTs e.g. cartilage, bone, etc.. (see later part of lecture).
Hence additional cells (eg. chondroblasts). These additional cells are specific to the type of CT
Cells and Fibers in Connective
Tissue
Connective tissue
• Are found throughout the body to bind, support, and give tissues
strength
• Various types: CT proper (loose and dense); supporting CT
(bone/cartilage); liquid CT (blood/lymph)
• Components: Cells+ Extracellular matrix (ECM).
- ECM: fibers and ground. Fibers (collagen, elastic and reticular)
For Your Information
• Ground substance: fill the space between cells and connect all fiber.
ECM: standing the force and
• Collagen fibers: strongest fiber (collagen).
tension
• Elastic fibers: long and thin (elastin) (form network)
• Reticular fiber: similar to collagen fibers (but form network)
 FYI
the most
common type of
cell found in
connective
tissue. Fibroblasts
F secrete collagen
proteins that are
used to maintain a
structural
framework for
many tissues

Section of rat skin. A connective tissue layer (dermis) shows several fibroblasts (F), which are the
elongated cells. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. * Don’t memorize stains
For your Information
 * Don’t
Section of rat tongue. Several mast cells in the connective tissue surround muscle cells and memorize
blood vessels. PT stain. 40X magnification (mast cells has granules containing eg histamine) stains
 Collagen
fibers

Skin dermis, selectively stained for elastic fibers. Dark elastic fibers are interspersed with pale
red collagen fibers. The elastic fibers are responsible for skin’s elasticity. 40X magnification.
* Don’t memorize stains
Photomicrograph of unilocular adipose tissue
of a young mammal. Arrows show nuclei of
adipocytes (fat cells) compressed against the
cell membrane. Note that, although most cells
are unilocular, there are several cells (asterisks)
with small lipid droplets in their cytoplasm, an
indication that their differentiation is not yet
complete. Pararosaniline—toluidine blue (PT)
stain. 40X magnification.

* Don’t memorize stains

Photomicrograph of hyaline cartilage.
Chondrocytes are located in matrix lacunae,
and most belong to isogenous groups. The
upper and lower parts of the figure show the
perichondrium stained pink. Note the gradual
differentiation of cells from the perichondrium
into chondrocytes. H&E stain. Low
magnification.

* Don’t memorize stains

Photomicrograph of fibrocartilage. Note
the rows of chondrocytes separated by
collagen fibers. Fibrocartilage is frequently
found in the insertion of tendons.
Picrosirius-hematoxylin stain. 40X
magnification.

* Don’t memorize stains