2020 ridhk úoHdj - nyqjrK újrKh

01. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

Ok lsrK fidhd.ekSu - thqcska f.da,aâiaghska
úlsrKYS,;dj - fykaß fnlr,a

02. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

Mn − 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 3d5 4s 2

𝑙 = 0 hkq s Wm Yla;s uÜgu fõ' ∴ 8 ls'
𝑚𝑙 = −1 hkq p Wm Yla;s uÜgul ldlaIslhla fyda d Wm Yla;s uÜgïj, ldlaIslhls'

−1 O +1 −2 −1 O +1 +2

2p, 3p j, iïmQ¾Kfhka msreKq 𝑚𝑙 = −1 jk ldlaIsl we;s w;r 3d j, ;ks bf,lafg%dakhla we;' ∴ ish,a,
5 ls' ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿
−1

03. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

olajd we;s úia;rhg .e<fmkafka NCl3 fõ'

04. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

we|sh yels ¨úia jHqy my; mßÈ fõ'

O − − −
O O O
− + − + + −
H−O−O−N−O H−O−O−N =O H−O−O =N−O H−O =O−N−O
+ + +
wia:dhS wia:dhS

05. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

CH3 O

OH − CH2 − CH − C − CH = CH − Br
5 4 3 2 1

06. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

• S 2− yd Cl− Yla;s uÜgï 3 la ork neúka tajd úYd,u úh hq;=h' S 2− yd Cl− iudk e .Kkla orhs' Cl−
jeä fm%dafgdak .Kkla ork neúka tys wrh jvd l=vd fõ'
• b;sß m%fNao 4 u Yla;s uÜgï 2 la muKla orhs' fï w;ßka wekdhk j, wrhka tajdfha mrudKq j,
wrhkag jvd úYd, fõ' (idudkHfhka 2 wdj¾;fha wekdhkhl wrh tys mrudKqj fuka fo.=Khlg
jvd by< fõ')

O2− − 140 pm

&3
∴ O2− , F − > O , F fõ'
F − − 133 pm
O − 60 pm
F − ys 𝑝 .Kk wdj¾;hl ol=Kg
F − 50 pm
jeä neúka, wrh wvq jk neúka,
O2− > F − O > F * w.hka ±kisàu wjYH ke;
07. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

wdrïNl wjia:dj : P1 V = n1 RT1 1

wjika wjia:dj : P2 V = n2 RT2 2
1
P1 n1 T1 n1 T1 P2
2

.
= n2 =
P2 n2 T2 T2 P 1

⑭
08. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

14 H + + 6 e + Cr2 O2−
7 2 Cr 3+ + 7 H2 O 1
6
(+6 x 2) (2 x +3)

H2 O +
H

CH3 − C − O − H
O

CH3 − C − OH
⑧
+ 4 e + 4 H+ 2
H
(−1)
②/
4 +3
(+3)

e lemS hk mßÈ tl;= lsÍfï §, 1 x2 + 2 x3 úh hq;=h'

tkï, 1 ys § bf,lafg%dak 12 la ,nd .kakd w;r 2 ys § bf,lafg%dak 12 la msg fõ' ∴ yqjudre jk uq¿
e ixLHdj 12 ls' (fuys § isÿjkafka CH3 CH2 OH u`.ska msg lrk bf,lafg%dak 12, Cr2 O2−
7 úiska ,nd .ekSuhs'

tkï yqjudre jk uq¿ e .Kk 12 la ñi 24 la fkdfõ')

09. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

∝ yhsv%cka mrudKqjla iys; we,aäyhsvhla we;af;a (4) ms<s;=frys fõ'

10. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

AX A+ + X −
a a mol dm−3 a2 = 1.6 x 10−9
a = 4 x 10−5
[A+ ]1 = 4 x 10−5

A2 Y 2A+ + Y −
2b b mol dm−3 (2b)2 x b = 3.2 x 10−11
b = 2 x 10−4
[A+ ]2 = 2b = 4 x 10−4

AZ A+ + Z −
c c mol dm−3 c 2 = 9 x 10−12
c = 3 x 10−6
[A+ ]3 = 3 x 10−6
11. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

• fmdÿfõ ;dmdxl u;, (wka;¾ wKql wdl¾IK n, u;)

we,afldfyd, > we,aäyhsv > yhsfv%dldnk fõ'
• ;jo C oduhl Ydlkh jeä jk ;rug tys ndysr mDIaG j¾.M,h wvq ù wmlsrK n, m%N,;djh wvq
ù wdl¾IK my< hhs' ∴ ;dmdxl my< hhs'

12. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

whksl ixfhda.hl iyixhqc keUqrejg n,mdk idOl,

a) legdhkfha wdfrdamKh ↑ O%eùldrl n,h ↑ iyixhqc keUqrej ↑
b) legdhkfha wrh ↑ O%eùldrl n,h ↓ iyixhqc keUqrej ↓
c) wekdhkfha wdfrdamKh ↑ O%ejKYS,;dj ↑ iyixhqc keUqrej ↑
d) wekdhkfha wrh ↑ O%ejKYS,;dj ↑ iyixhqc keUqrej ↑

fuu idOl w;ßka m<uqj wdfrdamKhka u; ikaikaokh lrk w;r wk;=rej wrh u; ikaikaokh lrhs'
• S 2− ys wrh −2 la jk neúka tys iyixhqc ,laIK Wmßu fõ'
• NaCl yd KCl ie,lSfï § K + ys wrh jeä neúka tys iyixhqc ,laIK wvq fõ'
• KCl yd KF ie,lSfï § Cl− ys wrh jeä neúka tys iyixhqc ,laIK jeä fõ'
∴ Na 2 S > NaCl > KCl > KF

13. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

3
CH3 OH(g) + O2(g)
2
∆H
+37
3
2 H2(g) + C(s) + 2 O2(g) CH3 OH(l) + O2(g)
2

−286 x 2 −393
−726
2 H2 O(l) CO2(g)

fyaia kshufhka,
∆H − 37 − 726 = −(286 x 2) − 393
∆H = −202 kJ mol−1

14. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

2 Ca 3 (PO4 )2 + 6 SiO2 + 10 C 6 CaSiO3 + 10 CO + P4

620 g 180 g 96 g
wdr' ujq,:
310 g mol−1 60 g mol−1 8 g mol−1

2 mol 3 mol 8 mol

SiO2 3 mol iu`. m%;sl%shd ùug wjYH, C ujq, = 5 mol
Ca 3 (PO4 )2 ujq, = 1 mol ∴ SiO2 iSudldÍ fõ'
3
SiO2 3 mol u`.ska ,eìh hq;= P4 ujq, = x 1 = 0.5 mol
6
SiO2 3 mol u`.ska ,eìh hq;= P4 ialkaOh = 0.5 x 124 = 62 g
50
M,od m%;sY;h = x 100 % = 80.7%
62
15. ms<s;=r − all

N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 1
NH3 + H2 S NH4 HS 2
2 H2 S + N2 + 3 H2 2 NH4 HS 3

3 = 1 + 2 x2

∴ Kp3 = Kp1 x (Kp2 )2

= 3 x 10−4 x (8 x 10−4 )2
= 1.92 x 10−10

16. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

fn%dafuda fnkaiSka ys Br iïnkaê; C u; H mrudKqjla ke;'

17. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

∆G = ∆H − T∆S
• ±kg iajhxisoaO fkdùu hkq ∆G (+) jk njhs'
• WIaK;ajh jeä jk úg ∆G (−) ùug ku, T∆S mofha (+) iajNdjh jeä úh hq;=h' túg −T∆S j,
(−) w.h jeä fõ' ∴ ∆S (+) w.hls'
∆G = ∆H − T∆S ys ∆S o (+) ù ∆G o (+) ùug kï wksjd¾hfhkau ∆H o (+) úh hq;=h'

18. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

h
λ= 1
mV
pd,l Yla;sh y;r .=Khla l< úg kj m%fõ.h V / kï,
1 1
mV 2 x 4 = m V′2
2 2
V′ = 2V
h
λ′ = 2
m x 2V
2
1 λ
λ′ =
2

19. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

+ −

e e

wefkdavh ← T’lrKh ↑ e ↓ e T’yrKh → lef;davh

20. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

(1) − iuia: m%;sl%shdj kshqla,f

s hda*s,sl wdfoaYhls' ∴ x
(2) − O

R − C − OH

: :
HO − R/
fuys § we,afldfyd,h kshqla,f
s hda*hs,hla f,i yeisf¾'

uOHidrfha O − H nkaOkh ì| jefgk w;r ldfndlais,sla wï,fha C − O nkaOkh ì| jefÜ'

∴ (3) yd (4) wi;H fõ'

21. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

(1) −
128 kJ
CH3 OH(l) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) 𝑥 hkq jdIaml
S rK tka;e,amh
s hs.
th (+) w.hls.
+𝑥
∆H
CH3 OH(g)

fyaia kshufhka,
128 = 𝑥 + ∆H
∆H = 128 − 𝑥 ∴ ∆H < 128

(2) − ;dm wjfYdaIl úg, ∆HM, > ∆Hm%;sl%shl fõ'

22. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)14 ② swoopboy 6200dB Debt 4oz @Roy

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(2) − BiCl3 + H2 O BiOCl ↓ + HCl

@ooo Pyon .

iqÿ
(4) − bf,lafg%dak 1 lg jeä iEu mrudKqjlu ksjdrl wdprKh l%shd;aul ù, iM, kHIaál wdl¾IKh
tys kHIaáfha fm%dafgdak .Kkg jvd wvq fõ' (𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘)
(5) − Al + N2 AlN (𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐵𝑜𝑜𝑘)

23. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

HA H+ + A−
(C-𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥

[H+ ][A−]
Ka =
[HA]
+
[H ]2
Ka = [H + ]2 = Ka x C
C
2 pH = − lg Ka + − lg C
2 pH = − lg Ka − lg C
2 pH = pKa − lg C
1 1
pH = pKa − lg C
2 2
24. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)
1- a11@oosPqcn.
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2 MnO−
4 + 5 H2 O2 5 O2 + 2 Mn2+
2 x 5
−2 0
+7 +2
5 x 2

1
MnO4− mol 2 x 25
= = 1000
H2 O2 mol 5 C
x 25
1000
C = 2.5 mol dm−3
tkï 1 dm3 (1 𝑙) ;=< H2 O2 ujq, 2.5 ls'

2 H2 O2 H2 O + O2
2.5
2.5
2
2.5
1 dm3 u`.ska ,efnk O2 mßudj = x 22.4 = 28
2

25. ms<s;=r − all

pOH = 14 − 5 = 9
∴ [OH − ] = 10−9

M(OH)2 M 2+ + 2 OH −
−𝑥 +𝑥 10−9

Ksp = 𝑥 x (10−9 )2
4 x 10−36 = 𝑥 x 10−18
𝑥 = 4 x 10−18

26. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

27. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

0.2
wdrïNl wï, ujq, .Kk = x 50
1000

iu;=,;
s fha,
0.02
c,Sh l,dmfha wï, ujq, = x 10
1000

0.2 0.02
CH2 Cl2 l,dmfha wï, ujq, = x 50 − x 10
1000 1000

0.02 1000
[HA(CH2 Cl2) ] ( x 10 x )
1000 50
KD = = 0.2 0.02 1000
[HA(aq) ] (1000 x 50 − 1000 x 10) x 10

= 245
28. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

C2 H4(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2 O(g)

R O2 = 3 x R C2H4 = 3𝑥
R CO2 = 2 x R C2H4 = 2𝑥
R H2O = 2 x R C2H4 = 2𝑥

29. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

M + Q R + Z

YS>%;djh = k [M]m [Q]q

[M] fo.=K l< úg YS>%;djh fo.=K ùfï woyi M ys fm< 1 la hkakhs'
∴ YS>%;djh = k [M] x [Q]q
§ we;s ;;a;aj hgf;a [Q] ≫ neúka yd m%;sl%shdj isÿ jk ld,iSudj ;=< Q ys jeh ùu idfmalaIj b;d l=vd
neúka tu jeh ùu fkdi,ld yer Q ys idkaøKh ksh;hla f,i i,ld th YS>%;d ksh;h ;=<g we;=,;a
lrhs'
∴ YS>%;djh = k′ [M]
5 x 10−4 = k′ x 1 x 10−5
k′ = 50 s −1

30. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

31. ms<s;=r − (𝟐) fyda (𝟓)

(a) − Sc wdka;ßl uQ,øjHla f,i kj úIh ks¾foaYfha ie,fla' (wldnksl ridhkh iïm;a fmd; -
163 msgqj)
(b) − ✓ (b;d u ksjerosj w.hhka u; mokïj ie,l=jfyd;a fuu m%ldYh wi;H f,i o ie,lSug bv we;)
(c) − ✓
(d) − fuu ixfhda.fha ksjerÈ kduh pottasium tetrachloridonickelate(II)

32. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

O−C≡C−C

C H
H H
33. ms<s;=r − (𝟓) H

0.42
QC = = 16 x 103 ∴ Q C > K C fõ'
0.01 x 0.13

Q C > K C jQ úg m%;sl%shdj jug keUqre ùu isÿ fõ' tkï iïm%hqla; jYfhka NH3 ì| jeàu isÿ ù N2 yd
H2 idoñka m%;sl%shdj iu;=,;
s ;djh lrd t<fò'

(ie'hq' - fuys § m%;sl%shdj jug keUqre ùfï § NH3 ì| jeàug wu;rj iq¿ jYfhka NH3 iE§u (bÈß m%;sl%shdj) o
isÿ fõ' d u`.ska ,efnkafka tu woyi hehs ie,l=jfyd;a we;eïúg ms<s;=r (4) f,i ,nd .ekSug o bv we;')
34. ms<s;=r − (𝟒) fyda (𝟓)

CH3 CH3 CH3

HCl
CH3 − CH = C − CH3 CH3 CH2 − C − CH3 + CH3 − CH − CH − CH3
Cl Cl
m%Odk M,h iq¿ M,h
2 − chloro − 2 − methylbutane

(a) − ✓
(b) − m%Odk M,h iE§fï § w;rueÈ ;D;shsl ldfndlegdhkhla ,efnk w;r iq¿ M,h iE§fï § w;rueÈ
oaú;Shsl ldfndlegdhkhla iEfoa' m%ldYh ;=< i,lkafka m%Odk M,h iE§ug wod< m%;sl%shdj muKla
o, ke;skï m%Odk yd iq¿ M, 2 gu wod<j o hkak meyeÈ,s ke;s neúka m%ldYfha i;H wi;H;dj
.eg¨ iy.;h' fndfyda úg wi;H f,i i,lkq we;'
(c) − fuh uqla; LKav hdka;%Khlska isÿ fkdfõ'
(d) −
+
− ∴ ✓
:

CH3 CH2 − C − CH3 Cl

CH3

35. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

mßmQ¾K ;;a;ajfha RK wm.ukhl § → ñY% lsÍfï § wdl¾IK n, m%N, fõ' ∴ ;dmodhl fõ'
;jo jdIam l,dmhg wKq ksoyia ùu idfmalaIj wvqfjka isÿ jk neúka mSvk mßmQ¾K wjia:djg idfmalaIj
my< hhs'

36. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

Cl Cl
(a) − Cl − C − F H−C−F fuu 2 ysu C − Cl nkaOk we;s neúka by<
F F jdhqf.da,fha § UV lsrK yuqfõ tajd ì|
CFC HCFC jeàfuka Cl̇ ,nd Èh yel' ∴ ✓

F
(b) − H − C − F ; HFC i;=j C − Cl nkaOk fkdue;' ∴ x
H
HFC
(c) − fyaf,dyhsfv%dldnk m%N, yß;d.dr jdhqka fõ' ∴ ✓
(d) − HFC ´fidaka úhk ydhkhg odhl fkdfõ' ∴ x

37. ms<s;=r - (5) / (3)

(a) − NdIañl udOHfha § OCl− Cl− + ClO3 f,i oaúOdlrKh fõ' kuq;a wdï,sl udOHfha § ia:dhS fõ'
(b) − ✓
(c) − nkaOk Yla;s úp,kh - HF > HCl > HBr > HI (nkaOk È. jeä jk úg nkaOk Yla;sh wvq fõ') ∴ ✓
we;eï isiqka fuu m%ldYh F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 j, nkaOk Yla;sh u; ksjerÈ ms<sfj,
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2 hk ms<sfj, u; i,ld fuu m%ldYh wi;H f,i i,lkq we;' kuq;a .eg`Mfõ
úuikafka HF , HCl , HBr , HI ms<sn|j jk neúka th ksjerÈ fkdfõ'
(d) − ✓ od
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38. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

veksfh,a fldaIh
e e
G

Cu Zn

Cu2+ Zn2+
Cu2+ + 2e Cu Zn Zn2+ + 2e
lef;davh wefkdavh
(a) − ✓
(b) − x
(c) − ,jK fia;=j fh§fï tla wruqKla jkafka øj - ikaê úNjhla we;s ùu u`. yer .ekSuhs' ∴ x
(d) − ✓

39. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

• b;d by< mSvk j, oS ;d;aúl jdhq wKq w;r úl¾IK ls%hd;aul fõ' (iumSvH;d idOlh ; Z > 1 )
fujeks wjia:djl § mßmQ¾K jdhqjg jvd by< mßud ;d;aúl jdhqj fmkajhs' ∴ (a) ✓ , (c) x
• by< WIaK;aj, my< mSvk j, § ;d;aúl jdhq mßmQ¾K ;;a;ajhg wdikakj yeisf¾' ∴ (b) x , (d) ✓

40. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

(a) − fid,afõ l%uh,

I mshjr - n%hska ødjKh wefudakSlrKh
fuu 2 u ;dmodhl fõ.
II mshjr - n%hska ødjKh ldfndkSlrKh
(b) − ✓
(c) − NH3 + O2 NO + H2 O ∴ x
(d) − 450 ℃ WIAK;aj , 250 atm mSvk ∴ x

41. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

• Cr ys Tlaihsv w;ßka +1 , +2 − NdIañl , +3 − WNh.=Kl

s , +5 , +6 − wdï,sl fõ.
• Mn ys Tlaihsv w;ßka +2 , +3 − NdIañl , +4 − WNh.=Kls , +5 , +6 , +7 − wdï,sl fõ.

42. ms<s;=r − (𝟏) / (2)

• ÿn, wï,hla yd tys ixhq.aul NIauh tlu ødjKhla ;=< mj;sk úg th iajdrlaIl fõ. (fuys §
fhdod .kakd HA yd A− idkaøK u; fuu ødjKh wdï,sl fyda NdIañl úh yel) ∴ ✓
• fojk m%ldYh ksjerÈ jk w;r I jk m%ldYfha i|yka jk ødjKfha iajdrlaIl .=Kh we;sùug fya;=
jkafka II m%ldYfha olajd we;s hdka;%Khhs.

* 20 @ Roy @ Ds Boies z ODs ñkÑ GEq6 I 09 .

 43. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

I − yqud, wdijkfha wruqK fuhhs. ∴ ✓

II − keàul § moaO;sfha uq¿ jdIam mSvkh ndysr jdhqf.da,h
S mSvkhg iudk fõ. ∴ x

44. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

I − wfkl=;a idOl ksh; úg ´kEu mßmQ¾K jdhq 2 l ujq,l

s mßudjka iudk fõ. (wej.dfv%da kshufha
woyi fuhhs. )
s mßudj 22.4 dm3 mol−1 fõ. )
II − ✓ (jdhqjl iïu; ujq,l

45. ms<s;=r - (5)

I − C = C mej;Sug wu;rj ta ta C tlsfklg wiudk ldKav 2 lg ne|S ;sîu o wjYH fõ. ∴ x

II − tlsfkl o¾mK m%;sìïN fkdjk ´kEu ;%sudK iudjhúl 2 la mdr;%sudK iudjhúl fõ. kuq;a
m%ldYfha ;%sudK hkak wka;¾.; fkdjk neúka fuys§ jHqy iudjhúl o ie,lsh yel. ∴ x

46. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

47. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

I − fuh wêl ;dmodhl m%;sl%shdjls'

II − SO3 + H2 SO4 H2 S2 O7 (T,shï / iOqu i,a*shqßla)

48. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

I−✓
R
RCl RCl RCl RCl +
:
:

NH3 R − NH2 R − NH − R R−N−R R−N−R Cl−

R R
R
II − R − NH2 , R − NH − R , R − N − R hk 3 ysu N u; tlir mj;sk neúka tajdg kshqla,sfhda*hs,
f,i yeisßh yel. tu yeisÍu by; ñY%Kh iE§ug fya;=jhs.

49. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

I − R ∝ [P] R

∴ ✓

[P]
II − R ∝ [P] ∴ x

50. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

I − m%Nd ridhksl OQñldj we;s ùug ysre t<sh , jdyk wmjdhqj, 15 ℃ g by< WIaK;aj wjYH fõ.
∴ ✓
II − NO j,ska werfUk ridhksl m%;sl%shd ud,djla óg odhl fõ. ∴ x

fuys oelafjk ms-

- . <s;=re úNd. fomd¾;=
- f-ïka;=j úiska ks,→
jYfhka ksl=;a l< ms<s;=re fkdjk neúka
=- ms<s;=re lsysmhl fjkia ùï isÿ ùug b;d
→ iq`M bvla we;'