UNIT 2B: WHAT IS NEEDED FOR LIFE?

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Review Guide
Part Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration (METABOLISM)
● Understand the differences between a heterotroph and autotroph
o Connect how autotrophs can do either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
o Be able to provide examples of each type of organism

● Photosynthesis
o Identify the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis (equation)
o Understand the conversion of light energy into chemical energy
▪ Where it occurs in cells (chloroplasts)

▪ The role of pigments

▪ How the structure of a leaf enables the process of photosynthesis

● How does a plant get CO2, H2O and light?

▪ Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (think back to our lab – what makes
photosynthesis happen at a faster or slower rate?)
● Cellular Respiration
o Identify the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration (equation)
o Understand the conversion of food to ATP
▪ Where it occurs in cells (cytoplasm or mitochondria)

▪ Factors that affect the rate of cellular respiration

o Differentiate between anaerobic and aerobic respiration
▪ Environmental factors (oxygen/no oxygen)

● Where aerobic vs anaerobic respiration occurs in cells.

● What kind of cells do what kind of respiration

● Under what circumstances would organisms perform each type of respiration.

● Differences in energy output (ATP production)

▪ Types of fermentation

● Which organisms perform which type of fermentation

● What the products of each fermentation process are

▪ Evaluate the evolutionary order of aerobic vs anaerobic process

 ● Apply what you know about the structure and evolution of prokaryotes vs
eukaryotes

● Connecting Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

o Relate these two processes back to the carbon cycle
o Understand how these two processes are connected to each other on the cellular level and on the
ecological level

Photosynthesis:
1. Explain the purpose of photosynthesis and how that process benefits animals.

2. Differentiate between autotroph and heterotroph. Which one performs photosynthesis? Chemosynthesis?

3. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? What structure is contained within that allows the plant to
absorb light?

4. What are 4 things that can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

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5. What wavelengths of light work best for photosynthesis? Which are the least beneficial to the plant.
Explain in terms of reflected/transmitted and absorbed light.

6. Where do plants get the energy to make glucose? Why does glucose contain energy?
 7. What three things do plants need to do photosynthesis? Then describe what structure of a leaf enables
this to be obtained. (address the following structures – vein or vascular bundle, mesophyll, stomata,
cuticle)

1.

2.

3.

Label the structures in this leaf cross section.

Cellular Respiration
8. What is cellular respiration?

9. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

10. In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?

11. What is ATP? How does ATP supply energy to our cells? What does ATP transform into when it is not
“fully charged”?

12. What are the 2 steps for aerobic respiration? Where does each step occur? Which step produces the most
ATP?

13. What happens if there is no oxygen present during cellular respiration?

14. Explain the differences between the two types of anaerobic respiration.

15. Explain when your body would use aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Be sure to list some
examples for each type of respiration.

16. True or false? If you are really out of breath, you are most likely performing aerobic respiration. Explain
why this statement is true or false.

17. True or false? Plants also perform cellular respiration. Explain why this statement is true or false.

18. Explain the cyclical relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
19. What is the benefit of performing aerobic respiration? How could anaerobic respiration be beneficial to
an organism?

20. What type of respiration likely evolved first and why?