SSC JE Civil

BMC – Bricks
With SSC + ESE Questions
Selection 500+
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Daily Class Time: 9 PM

By Shubham Agarwal Sir
Daily Free Class Time YouTube: 9:00PM

Help Email Id: Shubham.Agarwal.faculty@testbook.com

Teaching Experience 7+ Years

BTech in Civil
Masters in Urban Planning & Development
Qualification
Selected in SSC JE BRO , NBCC JE, NPCC JE
Qualified GATE-374
Achievements Mentored more than 100,000+ Student

Area of Expertise Civil Engineering

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• A masonry unit not exceeding 300 mm in length, 150
mm in width nor 100 mm in height.
• Blocks - Masonry unit exceeding size of a brick in any
dimension.
Ingredient Percentage(%)
Silica 50 -60
Alumina 20 – 30
Iron Oxide 5–6
By Shubham Agarwal Sir
Lime 4–5
Magnesia <1
1. Alumina (20 - 30)%:
• It Imparts Plasticity to easily mould into required Shape and Size.
• In excess, it may cause Shrinkage and Warping during Drying.
2. Silica (50 -60)% :
• It Prevents Cracking, Shrinkage and Warping of Bricks thus imparts uniform
shape and size to the Bricks.
• In excess, it destroys the cohesion between the particles due to which bricks
become brittle.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

3. Lime (4 - 5)%:
• It prevents Shrinkage in Bricks.
• In excess, it causes the bricks to Melt.
4. Oxides of Iron (5 - 6)%:
• It helps in fusing of lime and Silica with each other.
• It provides Reddish Brown Shade to the Bricks..

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

5. Magnesia (< 1)% :
• It provides Yellowish Shade to the bricks
• It Prevents Shrinkage of Bricks.
• In excess leads to Decay of Bricks.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

It is carried out in 4 Steps:
Preparation of
Clay

Moulding of
Bricks
Manufacturing of Bricks
Drying

Burning

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

1. Preparation of Clay:
Sequential Steps Involved are:

a. Un-soiling
b. Digging
c. Cleaning

d. Weathering
e. Blending
f. Tempering

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

a. Un-soiling
It is the process in which top 20cm of the soil is removed.

b. Digging
The Remaining soil of about (60-120) cm in depth.
c. Cleaning

It is the process of removal of impurities from the soil.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

d. Weathering
It is exposed to the atmosphere for few weeks to carryout
softening of Soil.

e. Blending
It is process in any required ingredient is spread over it.
f. Tempering:

It is the process in which water is added in the clay in order to

bring it to required plasticity as required for moulding.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

• It is the process of giving the required shape and size of the
bricks.
• The size of mould should be kept to be (8 to 12)%.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

• Bricks are not directly kept for burning as they are liable to crack.
• Dry it in such a way moisture content is reduced up-to 2%.

• While Drying Bricks Should be placed along Edges.

• Strength Gained By Drying of Bricks is about (15-25)kg/cm2

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

• It imparts strength and Hardness to the bricks.
• Burning of Bricks is done at (900 to 1200)°C

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

• It helps to identify the manufacturer name.
• It act as a Shear Key between the bricks.

Size of Frog : (10 × 4 × 1) cm

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

1. Bull-Nose Brick : One Edge of the Brick is Rounded.
2. Cow-Nose Brick : Two Edge of the Brick is Rounded.

Bull-Nose Brick Cow-Nose Brick

3. Channel Bricks : They are Used as Drains.
4. Coping Bricks: Use are Used on Parapets.

Channel Brick Coping Brick

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

5. Hollow Bricks : Used for Sounding & Heat Proofing,
Not Suitable for Concentrated Loaded Areas.

Compressive Strength : Not Less than 3.5N/mm2.

Water Absorption : Not more than 20%. Hollow Brick

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

5. Paving Bricks : Iron content in these bricks are more
than ordinary bricks, making it more resistant to
abrasion.
Shales are the best materials for paving bricks.
Paving Brick

Compressive Strength : Not Less than 40N/mm2.

Water Absorption : Not more than 5%.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

6. Perforated Bricks : Perforated bricks have
cylindrical holes throughout their thickness.
The Shorter Side of the perforation Shall be less than

▪ 20mm in case of rectangular Perforation Perforated Brick

▪ 25mm diameter in case of circular perforation.

Compressive Strength : Not Less than 7N/mm2.

Water Absorption : Not more than 20%.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

7. Heavy-Duty Bricks : They are Also Known as
“Engineering Bricks” and are generally required for
masonry work in Heavy Engineering Works such as Heavy-Duty Brick
a. Bridge Structures
Strength (not less than in
b. Industrial Foundations Class Designation
N/mm2)
c. Multi-Story Buildings 40 40.0
Compressive Strength : Not Less than 40N/mm2. 45 45.0
Water Absorption : Not more than 10%.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

Before Using the Bricks , Bricks should be of suitable
Quality, following test should be performed :
1. Compressive Strength Test Brick
2. Water Absorption Test
3. Efflorescence Test
4. Shape & Size Test

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

 Class Compressive Strength
1. Compressive Strength Test
The crushing affords a basis for comparing the quality of bricks Ist Class Brick 10.5N/mm2
but is of little value in determining the strength of a masonry IInd Class Brick 7.5N/mm2
wall, since the latter depends primarily on the strength of
IIIrd Class Brick 5N/mm2
mortar.
Common Brick 3.5N/mm2

Six bricks are taken for the compressive strength test

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

2. Water Absorption Test
Keep the brick in water for 24 hours and check what amount of
water is absorbed by the brick in comparison to its Dry weight.

Water Water
Class Class
Absorption Absorption
Ist class 20% Up-to 12.5 20%
Greater than
IInd class 22% 15%
12.5
IIIrd class 25%

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

3. Efflorescence Test
A white, yellow or green power dry substance occurring on the
surface of the clay product and caused by the migration of
soluble salts, followed by precipitation.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

4. Shape & Size Test
• All bricks used for construction should be of same size.

• The shape of bricks should be purely rectangular with

sharp edges.

• Standard brick size consists length × breadth × height

as 19cm × 9cm × 9cm.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

4. Shape & Size Test
• To perform this test, select 20 bricks randomly from
brick group and stack them along its length, breadth
and height and compare.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

Masonry is used to indicate the art of building a
structure in either stones or bricks.

By Shubham Agarwal Sir

Whole Brick Half Queen Closer
Whole Brick Quarter Queen Closer
Whole Brick King Queen Closer
Whole Brick Bevelled Closer Brick
Whole Brick Mitred Closer Brick
 Whole Brick Half Bat Brick

If the length of the bat is equal to half the length of the full
bricks.
 Whole Brick Three-Quarter Bat Brick

It is the form of brick bat having its length equal to three quarter of
length of a full bricks.
Whole Brick Bevelled Bat Brick
 • The Arrangement of bonding that
consist of Alternate Header and
Strecher placed one over each other.

• In Order to break alignment of

vertical joints to be in same straight
line, queen Closer is placed next to
Quoin Header in each Alternate
H Q H H H H H H
Course.
S S S S
 • The Arrangement of bonding that
consist of Alternate Header and
Strecher placed one over each other.

• In Order to break alignment of

vertical joints to be in same straight
line, queen Closer is placed next to
Quoin Header in each Alternate
H Q S H S H Course.
S H S H S
 • It is the arrangment of bonding that
consist of strecher in each Coarse.
HB
• In order to break the alignment of
HB
vertical joint to break the alignment
of vertical Joint to be in same straigth
HB line its each alternate coarse started
with half bat.
HB

HB S S S
S S S S
 • It is the arrangment of bonding that
consist of Header in each Coarse.

3-QB
• In order to break the alignment of
vertical joint to break the alignment
3-QB
of vertical Joint to be in same straigth
3-QB line its each alternate coarse started
with 3 Quater bat brick.
3-QB H H H H H
H H H H H H H
This Bond is used in thick walls.
Bricks are kept at an inclination to the direction
of the wall.

Raking Bonds are of two types:

1. Diagonal Bond
2. Herring Bone Bond
 Diagonal Bond
1. Bricks are arranged at 45 in such a way that
extreme corners of the series remain in
contact with the external line of strechers
2. These are suitable for walls which are 2-4
brick thick.

Diagonal Bonding
 Herring Bone Bond
1. Bricks are arranged at 45 in two opposite
directions from the centre of the wall
thickness.
2. These are suitable for walls which thicker
than 4 brick thick.
3. Suitable : Brick Flooring, ornamental finish
works.

Diagonal Bonding
 1. It is similar to herring bone bond, except that
the bricks are laid in zigzag fashion.

2. Suitable: Ornamental Panels in the brick

flooring.

Zig-Zag Bonding
 B3 H S S S H B3
H H H H H H H H H H H
This is another modified form
B3 H S S S H B3
of English Bond. H H H H H H H H H H H
B3 H S S S H B3
H H H H H H H H H H H
B3 H S S S H B3
H H H H H H H H H H H