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STUDENT NO.: YEAR & SECTION: DATE OF SUBMISSION:

Metallic bonding, characteristic of metals and their alloys, involves valence electrons that aren't tied to
individual atoms but rather form a collective "sea of electrons" or "electron cloud."

5. Explain briefly the three driving principles of quantum numbers.

ANS.
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons can be identified by the same set of quantum
number, meaning, no more than two electrons should occupy the same orbital. Furthermore, the two electrons
in the same orbital should have opposite spins.

Whereas Aufbau Principle states that electrons should fill the lowest energy level first before filling up higher
energy levels.

While Hund’s rule explains that every orbital in a particular sublevel should be occupied by a single electron
before any orbital is doubly occupied.

INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS – COUNCIL OF STUDENT CHAPTER

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
 Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers Council of Student
Chapter CAVITE STATE
UNIVERSITY
iieecvsumaincsc@gmail.com

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND INTERATOMIC BONDING

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: Review Questions and Identification

REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Cite the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight.

ANS. Atomic mass is the mass of a single isotope while atomic weight is the average weight of all the
isotopes of an element.
2. Chromium has four naturally occurring isotopes: 4.34% of Chromium-50, with an atomic weight of 49.9460
amu; 83.79 *% of Chromium-52, with an atomic weight of 51.9405 amu; 9.50% of Chromium-53, with an
atomic weight of 52.9407; and 2.37% of Chromium-54, with an atomic weight of 53.9389 amu. On the
basis of these data, what is the atomic the weight of the Chromium?

ANS.
ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CHROMIUM = ( 4.34
100 ) ( 49.9460 amu ) +(
83.79
100 ) ( 51.9405 amu ) + (
9.5
100 ) (52.9407 amu )+ (
100 )
2.37

3. Relative to electrons and electron states, what does each of the four quantum numbers specify?

ANS. Together, these four quantum numbers uniquely identify each electron within an atom, specifying
its energy level, orbital shape, orbital orientation, and spin state.
Principal quantum number (n) — related to the distance of an electron from the nucleus or its position
represented by integral values 1, 2, 3, and so on and sometimes denoted by letters K, L, M, N, and so on.

Azimuthal quantum number (I) — related to the shape of the subshell denoted by s, p, d and f.

Magnetic quantum number (m,) — determined the energy states of a subshell where as s, d and f has one,
three, five and seven states exist respectively

Spin quantum number (m,) — orientations of electron either upward or downward direction

4. Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent and metallic bonding.

ANS.
Ionic bonding is present in compounds comprising both metallic and non-metallic elements, where electrons
are transferred between positively and negatively charged ions, creating a Coulombic attractive force between
them.
Covalent bonding, on the other hand, arises from the mutual sharing of valence electrons, predominantly
observed in compounds formed by non-metallic elements.

INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS – COUNCIL OF STUDENT CHAPTER

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS – COUNCIL OF STUDENT CHAPTER
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY