Iit Jam Physics 2023

IIT-JAM Physics-2023
Solution- Mathematical Methods

Physics by fiziks
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H.No. 40-D, G.F., Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16 1
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Section A: Q.1-Q.10 Carry ONE mark each.
Q2. Which of the following fields has non-zero curl?

(a) xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ (b)  y  z  iˆ   x  z  ˆj   x  y  kˆ
(c) y 2iˆ   2 xy  z 2  ˆj  2 yzkˆ (d) xyiˆ  2 yzjˆ  3xzkˆ
Ans: (d)
Solution.:
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(a)  iˆ  0  0   ˆj  0  0   kˆ  0  0   0
x y z
x y z
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(b)  iˆ 1  1  ˆj 1  1  kˆ 1  1  0
x y z
yz xz x y
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(c)  iˆ  2 z  2 z   ˆj  0  0   kˆ  2 y  2 y   0
x y z
y2 2 xy  z 2 2 yz
iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
(d)  iˆ  0  2 y   ˆj  3 z  0   kˆ  0  x   0
x y z
xy 2 yz 3 xz
2 H.No. 40-D, G.F., Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16
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Q4. The plot of the function f  x   x  1 is
(a) (b)
f  x f  x
1 1
1
0 1 x 1 0 1 x
1 1
(c) (d)
f  x f  x
1 1
1 0 1 x
0 1 x
1
1
1
Ans: (b)
Solution. :
f  x   x 1  f  0  0 1  1
f 1  1  1  0 ; f  1  1  1  1  1  0
f 1  2  1  1 ; f  2   2  1  2  1  1
Thus option (b) is correct.
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Section A: Q.11-Q.30 Carry TWO marks each.
Q13. The Jacobian matrix for transforming from  x, y  to another orthogonal coordinates
system  u, v  as shown in the figure is

y
1 1 1  1  1 1 v
(a)   (b)  
2 1 1 2  1 1
450
1 1 1 1 1 1  0, 0 
(c) 1 1  (d) 1 1 x
2   2  
Ans: (c)
u
Solution.:
u  cos   sin    x 
 v    sin  cos    y 
  
cos 450  sin 450  1 1 1
  450   0   
 sin 45 cos 450  2 1 1 
1 1 0
Q15. Inverse of the matrix  2 3 0 is
 
1 0 1 
 1 2 1   3 1 0
(a)  1 3 0 (b)  2 1 0 
   
 0 0 1   3 1 1 
 1 1 0   3 2 3
(c)  2 3 0  (d)  2 1 1 
 
 1 0 1   0 0 1 
Ans: (b)
1 1 0
3 0 2 0
Solution.: det A  2 3 0  1 1  0  3 2 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1
 3 2 3  3 1 0
Cofactor Matrix Cij    1 1 1   Cij    2 1 0
T
 0 0 1   3 1 1 
 3 1 0
Cij    2 1 0
1 1 T
Thus A   
det A
 3 1 1 
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Q21. For a given vector F   yiˆ  zjˆ  x 2 kˆ , the surface integral   F   rdS
S
ˆ over the
surface S of a hemisphere of radius R with the centre of the base at the origin is
2 R 2 2 R 2
(a)  R 2 (b) (b)  R 2 (d) 
3 3
Ans.: (a)
Solution.:     F   rdS
S
ˆ   F .dl
line
z  0 , dl  dxxˆ  dyyˆ  F .dl   ydx  zdy   ydx

Let x  R cos  , y  R sin  and dx   R sin  d .
2 2
 F .dl     ydx     R sin   R    sin  d   R

2 2
Thus
line line 0 0
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Section B: Q.31 - Q.40 Carry TWO marks arks each.
Q32. A periodic function f  x   x2 for   x   is expanded in a Fourier series. Which of
the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) Coefficients of all the sine terms are zero
2
(b) The first term in the series is
3
(c) The second term in the series is 4cos x
(d) Coefficients of all the cosine terms are zero
Ans: (a), (b), (c)
Solution.: f  x   x2 for   x  

f  x   a0    an cos nx  bn sin nx 
n 1
 
1 1  x3  2
a0    
2
x dx  
2 
2  3   3
 
1 1   sin nx   cos nx   sin nx   4 4
an   x cos nxdx   x 2    2   3    2 cos n  2  1
n
  2x  
2
    n   n  
2
n    n n
For n  1  a1  4
 
1 1   cos nx   sin nx   cos nx  
bn   x sin nxdx   x 2  
2
  2x   2   2   0
    n   n   n3   
Section C: Q.41 - Q.50 Carry ONE mark each.
Q43. The absolute error in the value of sin  if approximated up to two terms in the Taylor’s
series for   60 is ___________ (rounded off to three decimal places).
Ans.: 0.011
Solution:
3
Absolute value of sin  for   60 is   0.87
2
Expected value of sin  if approximated up to two terms in the Taylor’s series is
3  1 3
sin        1.05  0.19  0.86
3! 3 3! 33
0.87  0.86 0.01
The absolute error in the value of sin  is   0.011
0.86 0.86
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Q48. Unit vector normal to the equipotential surface of V  x, y, z   4x2  y 2  z at 1, 2,1 is
 
given by aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ . The value of b is ________________ (rounded off to two
decimal places).
Ans: 0.44
Solution.: V  x, y, z   4x2  y 2  z  V  8 xxˆ  2 yyˆ  zˆ
V 8 xˆ  4 yˆ  zˆ 8 4 1
Unit vector normal to the equipotential surface nˆ1,2,1    xˆ  yˆ  zˆ
V 64  16  1 9 9 9
4
Thus b   0.44
9
Section C: Q.51-Q60 Carry TWO marks each.
 2 1 
Q55. The sum of the eigenvalues 1 and 2 of matrix B  I  A  A2 , where A   
 0.5 0.5
is ______________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 7.75
Solution.:
 2 1   2 1  2 1   3.5 2.5 
A   A2       
 0.5 0.5  0.5 0.5  0.5 0.5  1.25 0.25
1 0   2 1   3.5 2.5   6.5 3.5 
B  I  A  A2         
0 1   0.5 0.5  1.25 0.25  1.15 1.25
1  2  Trace B  6.5  1.25  7.75
Solution-Mechanics and General Properties of Matter
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Solution- Mechanics and General Properties of Matter
-JAM Physics-2022

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Q10. A projectile of mass m is moving in the vertical x  y plane with the origin on the
ground and y-axis pointing vertically up. Taking the gravitational potential energy to be
zero on the ground, the total energy of the particle written in planar polar coordinates
 r ,  is (here g is the acceleration due to gravity)
(a)
m 2
2
r  mgr sin  (b)
2

m 2 2 2

r  r   mgr cos 
(c)
2

m 2 2 2

r  r   mgr sin  (d)
2

m 2 2 2

r  r   mgr cos 
Ans: (c)
Solution.:
y
The total energy of the particle is
P  r , 
E  T V
where T 
1
2
 
m x 2  y 2 and V  mgy . r
y  r sin 
Since x  r cos , y  r sin 

 x  r cos   r sin  and y  r sin   r cos 
0 x  r cos x
 x  y r r 
2 2 2 2 2
Thus E 
1
2
 
m r 2  r 2 2  mgr sin 
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Q14. A rotating disc is held in front of a plane mirror in two different orientations which are (i)
angular momentum parallel to the mirror and (ii) angular momentum perpendicular to the
mirror. Which of the following schematic figures correctly describes the angular
momentum (solid arrow) and its mirror image (shown by dashed arrows) in the two
orientations?
(a) (b)
i  ii  i  ii 
(c) (d)
i  ii  i  ii 
Ans: (b)
Solution.:
 
Image Real
Image
Real
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Q23. A uniform stick of length l and mass m pivoted at its top end is oscillating with an
angular frequency r . Assuming small oscillations, the ratio r s , where s is the
angular frequency of a simple pendulum of the same length, will be
3
(a) 3 (b)
2
1
(c) 2 (d)
3
Ans: (b)
Solution.:

Simple pendulum s 
g
Compound pendulum
m 2 3 3
  I  mg sin          r 
2 3 2g 2g
mg
r 3
 
s 2
Q25. Water from a tank is flowing down through a hole at its bottom with velocity 5 ms -1. If
this water falls on a flat surface kept below the hole at a distance of 0.1 m and spreads
horizontally, the pressure (in kNm-2) exerted on the flat surface is closest to
Given: acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m s -2 and density of water = 1000 kg m-3
(a) 13.5 (b) 27.0
(c) 17.6 (d) 6.8
Ans: (b)
Solution.: Final Velocity is u 2  u02  2 gh
 5
2
u  2  9.8  0.1  25  1.96  26.96 m sec
Mass flow rate  density  velocity  area
Momentum flow rate=Force  density   velocity   area

2
Pressure on the flat surface is  density   velocity   1000  26.96  27 kN m 2

2
 P  27 kN m2 . Thus correct option is (b)
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3Mx 2
Q34. A rod of mass M, length L and non-uniform mass per unit length   x   , is held
L3
horizontally by a pivot, as shown in the figure, and is free to move in the plane of the
figure. For this rod, which of the following statements are true?
Pivot 
L
3
(a) Moment of inertia of the rod about an axis passing through the pivot is ML2
5
1
(b) Moment of inertia of the rod about an axis passing through the pivot is ML2
3
3
(c) Torque on the rod about the pivot is MgL
4
2L
(d) If the rod is released, the point at a distance from the pivot will fall with
3
acceleration g
Ans: (a), (c)
dm
Solution.: The position of centre of mass is given by
1 L
0  L
X CM 
M 
0
x dm
x
dm  dx
1 1 3M 3 L4 L
x   dx  
L L

M  0 M L3  0
x3dx 
L3 4

4
So, option (2) is wrong.
c
3M L
I   x 2 dm   x 2   dx   3
L
L  0
x 4 dx 0
3L 4
L4
3M L5 3 2
I   ML
L3 5 5
mg
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Option (1) is correct.
Option (4) is wrong.
3L 3
  r F ;    mg  sin 90    mgL
4 4
Q36. A particle  p1  of mass m moving with speed v collides with a stationary identical
particle  p2  . The particles bounce off each other elastically with p1 getting deflected by
an angle   30 from its original direction. Then, which of the following statement(s)
is/are true after the collision?
3
(a) Speed of p1 is v
2
(b) Kinetic energy of p2 is 25% of the total energy
(c) Angle between the directions of motion of the two particles is 90°
(d) The kinetic energy of the centre of mass of p1 and p2 decreases
Ans: (a), (b), (c)

Solution.: Conservation of momentum
V1
(a) x -direction: mV2 cos   mV1 cos   mv
P1
3
V2 cos   v  V1 ....(1)
2
P1 P2   30
(b) y -direction; mV2 sin   mV1 sin   
v rest
V1 
V2 sin   ....(2)
2
P2
From (1) and (2); V22  v2  V12  vV1 3 ....(3)
1 1 1
Conservation of Mechanical energy mV12  mV22  mv 2  V22  v 2  V12 ....(4) V2
2 2 2
3 1
On solving (3) and (4), we get V1  v , V2  v Option (a) is correct.
2 2
1 31  3 1 11  1
K1  mV12   mv 2   K ; K 2  mV22   mv 2   K Option (b) is correct
2 42  4 2 42  4
Option (d) is wrong
V1 2 3v 4
tan     3    60
3 3v
v  V1 
2 4
    30  60  90 Option (c) is correct.
Physics by fiziks
Q40. For a particle moving in a general central force field, which of the following statement(s)
is/are true?
(a) The angular momentum is a constant of motion
(b) Kepler’s second law is valid
(c) The motion is confined to a plane
(d) Kepler’s third law is valid
Ans: (a), (b), (c)
Solution. :
dL
(a)    r  f  r  rˆ  0  L = constant
dt
dA l
(b)  = constant
dt 2m
(c) L  r
Q46. The sum of the x-components of unit vectors r̂ and ˆ for a particle moving with
angular speed 2 rad s-1 at angle   2150 is _________ (rounded off to two decimal
places).
Ans: 2.83
Solution.:
rˆ  cos  iˆ  sin  ˆj
    y ˆ r̂
ˆ  cos     iˆ  sin     ˆj
2  2 
ˆ   sin  iˆ  cos  ˆj 
 rˆ    sin   ; ˆ    cos  

 x   x
r
 rˆ   ˆ     sin   cos  

  x   x

   sin 215  cos 215  
x
        
   sin      cos         sin  cos   2
  4  4   4 4
 rˆ   ˆ   2  2  2 2  2 1.414   rˆ   ˆ   2.83

  x   x 2 x   x
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Q49. A rectangular pulse of width 0.5 cm is travelling to the right on a taut string (shown by
full line in the figure) that has mass per unit length 1 . The string is attached to another
taut string (shown by dashed line) of mass per unit length  2 . If the tension in both the
strings is the same, and the transmitted pulse has width 0.7 cm, the ratio 1 2 is
___________(rounded off to two decimal places).
0.5cm
1 2
Ans: 1.96
Solution.:
1 22  0.7  49
2
v 1 T
   1 1  2 2      1.96
   2 12  0.5  25
Section C: Q.51-Q60 Carry TWO marks each. (No Question)
Solution- Oscillations, Waves and Optics
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(No Question)
Q18. A linearly polarized light of wavelength 590 nm is incident normally on the surface of a
20  m thick quartz film. The plane of polarization makes an angle 300 with the optic
axis. Refractive indices of ordinary and extraordinary waves differ by 0.0091, resulting in
a phase difference of f  between them after transmission. The value of f (rounded off
to two decimal places) and the state of polarization of the transmitted light is
(a) 0.62 and linear (b) 0.62 and elliptical
(c) -0.38 and elliptical (d) 0.5 and circular
Ans: (b)
Solution.:

2
 0   E  t  

2  0.0091 20 106 
 590 10  9 PPL EPL
   0.612 0.62  f   0   0.62

 f  0.62
  0.62
Q19. The phase velocity v p of transverse waves on a one-dimensional crystal of atomic
sin  kd 2 
separation d is related to the wavevector k as v p  c . The group velocity of
 kd 2 
these waves is
 sin  kd 2  
(a) c cos  kd 2    (b) c cos  kd 2 
  kd 2  
 sin  kd 2   sin  kd 2 
(c) c cos  kd 2    (d) c
  kd 2    kd 2 
Ans: (b)
sin  kd 2   sin  kd 2  2c kd d  2c d kd
Solution: vP  c  c   sin   cos
 kd 2  k kd 2 d 2 dk d 2 2
 kd 
 vg  c cos  
 2 
Physics by fiziks
Q24. An oil film in air of thickness 255 nm is illuminated by white light at normal incidence.
As a consequence of interference, which colour will be predominantly visible in the
reflected light? Given the refractive index of oil = 1.47
(a) Red (~ 650 nm) (b) Blue (~ 450 nm)
(c) Green (~ 500 nm) (d) Yellow (~560 nm)
Ans: (c)
Solution.:
 4t 4 1.47  255
2  t cos r   2n  1    r  0 (Normal incidence)
2  2n  1  2n  1
1499.4
  499.8nm for n  1
 2n  1
Q37. A wave travelling along the x-axis with y representing its displacement is described by ( v
is the speed of the wave)
y 1 y y 1 y
(a)  0 (b)  0
x v t x v t
2 y 1 2 y 2 y 1 2 y
(c)  0 (d)  0
x 2 v 2 t 2 x 2 v 2 t 2
Ans: (a) and (d)
Solution.:
For a wave travelling along x -axis is represented by y  A sin t  kx 
2 y 2 y 2 y 2 1  y
2
  Ak 2
sin   t  kx  ;   A 2 sin t  kx    k
x 2 t 2 x 2  2 t 2
2 y 1 2 y

x 2 v 2 t 2
y y k y
  A cos t  kx  ;   Ax cos t  kx   
t x  t
y 1 y
 0
x v t
Physics by fiziks
Q38. An objective lens with half angular aperture  is illuminated with light of wavelength  .
The refractive index of the medium between the sample and the objective is n . The lateral
resolving power of the optical system can be increased by
(a) decreasing both  and 

(b) decreasing  and increasing  Lens
(c) increasing both  and n
(d) decreasing  and increasing n 
n
Ans: (b), (c), (d) Sample
2n sin 
Solution.: Resolving power of microscope RP 

Resolving power of the optical system can be increased by
(a) with decreases  , (b) with increasing n , (c) with increasing 
Q44. A single pendulum hanging vertically in an elevator has a time period T0 when the
elevator is stationary. If the elevator moves upward with an acceleration of a  0.2 g , the
T0
time period of oscillations is T1 . Here g is the acceleration due to gravity. The ratio is
T1
____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 1.10
l l l T0
Solution.: T0  2 ; T1  2  2   1 2  1.095  1.10
g g  0.2 g 1.2 g T1
Q47. Consider a spring mass system with mass 0.5 kg and spring constant k  2 N m-1 in a
viscous medium with drag coefficient b  3 kg s-1. The additional mass required so that
the motion becomes critically damped is _________ kg (rounded off to three decimal
places).
Ans: 6.25
2
 b  k b2
Solution.: For critically damped oscillator r 2  02      k
 2m  m 4m
b 2  3
2
9
m    1.125kg . The additional mass required  1.125  0.5  0.625 kg
4k 4  2 8
Solution- Electricity and Magnetism
Physics by fiziks

Physics by fiziks
Section A: Q.1-Q.10 Carry ONE mark each. (No Question)
Q11. A small bar magnet is dropped through different hollow copper tubes with same length
and inner diameter but with different outer diameter. The variation in the time (t) taken
for the magnet to reach the bottom of the tube depends on its wall thickness  d  as
(a) (b)
t t
d d
(c) (d)
d d
Ans: (c)
Solution.:
If a bar magnet is dropped through a hollow copper tube, then the magnetic flux linked with the
metal tube changes and hence eddy currents are generated in the body of the tube.
According to Lenz’s Law, eddy currents oppose the falling of magnetic bar. Due to this the bar
magnet experiences retarding force that is proportional to the strength of magnetic field, the area
of the loop, the rate of change of flux and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material.
l
R , if A ,   , then retarding force is large so it will take more time to reach the bottom
A
of the tube.
Physics by fiziks
Q16. Suppose the divergence of magnetic field B is nonzero and is given as  B  0 m ,
where 0 is the permeability of vacuum and  m is the magnetic charge density. If the
corresponding magnetic current density is J m , then the curl  E of the electric field E
is
B B
(a) J m  (b) 0 J m 
t t
B B
(c)  J m  (d)  0 J m 
t t
Ans: (d)
Solution.:
e B
E  ,   E   0 J m 
0 t
E
 B  0 m ,   B   0 J e  0 0
t
Q20. In a dielectric medium of relative permittivity 5, the amplitudes of the displacement
current and conduction current are equal for an applied sinusoidal voltage of
frequency f  1MHz . The value of conductivity (in  1m 1 ) of the medium at this
frequency is
(a) 2.78 104 (b) 2.44 104
(c) 2.78 103 (d) 2.44 103
Ans: (a)
Solution.:
Let sinusoidal field is E  E0 sin t and  r  5.0
E
Displacement current J d    E0 cos t and conduction current J c   E   E0 sin t
t
Since amplitudes of the displacement current and conduction current are equal then
E0   E0       2 f   0 r
f r 1 1106  5 2.5
    4 0    103  2.78 104 1m1
2 9 109
2 9
Physics by fiziks
Q26. At the planar interface of two dielectrics, which of the following statements related to the
 
electric field E , electric displacement D and polarization P     is true?
(a) Normal component of both D and P are continuous

(b) Normal component of both D and E are discontinuous
(c) Normal component of D is continuous and that of P is discontinuous
(d) Normal component of both E and P are continuous
Ans: (c)
Solution.: D   0 E  P
.D  0  f  0 . Thus Normal component of D is continuous
 
.P   0 .E  0 . Normal component of P is discontinuous
Q39. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for a LC circuit with L  25 mH and
C  4 μF?
(a) Resonance frequency is close to 503 Hz
(b) The impedance at 1 kHz is 15
(c) At a frequency of 200 Hz, the voltage lags the current in the circuit
(d) At a frequency of 700 Hz, the voltage lags the current in the circuit
Ans: (a), (c)
Solution.: In a series LCR circuit, resonant freq. is given by
1 0.159 0.159 0.159 10

fr      503Hz
2 LC 3
25 10  4 10 6
10 7 103
At f  1kHz ; X L   L  2 fL  2  3.14 1103  25 103  157
1 1 1
XC     40
C 2 fC 2  3.14 1103  4 106
 X L  XC    X L  X C   157  40  117

2
Impedance Z 
At f  200 Hz i.e. f  f r ; X L  X C . So behavior of the circuit is capacitive. Thus voltage lags

the current in the circuit.
(No Question)
Physics by fiziks
Q59. A conducting wire AB of length 1m has resistance of 1 .6 . It is connected to a voltage

source of 0.5 V with negligible resistance as shown in the figure. The corresponding
electric and magnetic fields give Poynting vectors S  r  all around the wire. Surface
integral  S  da is calculated over a virtual sphere of diameter 0.2 m with its centre on
the wire, as shown. The value of the integral is ______W. (rounded off to three decimal
places). 0.5 V
 
A B
Ans: 0.031
V 0.5 V 0.5 5
Solution: E    0.5V ; I  
m
 A
l 1 R 1.6 16
1.6
Resistance of wire of length 0.2m is R   0.2m  0.32
1m
 S  da through sphere is power radiated i.e.
25 102  2 25
2
  5 25
P  I R     0.32 
2
 0.32   102  0.031W
 16  16 16 16 8
Physics by fiziks
Q60. A metallic sphere of radius R is held at electrostatic potential V . It is enclosed in a
concentric thin metallic shell of radius 2R at potential 2V . If the potential at the distance
3
R from the centre of the sphere is fV , then the value of f is _______ (rounded off to
2
two decimal places).
Ans: 1.67
Solution:  2V  0
In Spherical polar coordinate system,
1   2 V    2 V  2 V V A A
r   0  r 0r  A  2 V    B
r 2 r  r  r  r  r r r r
A
At r  R , V  V0   V0   B …………..(1)
R
A
and at r  2 R , V  2V0   2V0   B …………..(2)
2R
 A   A  A
From (2)-(1); 2V0  V0     B      B   V0   A  2 RV0
 2R   R  2R
2 RV0
From V0    B  B  3V0
R
3 2 RV0 5
Thus at r  R, V   3V0  V0  1.67V0
2 3 3
R
2
Solution- Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics
Physics by fiziks

Physics by fiziks
Q3. Which of the following statements about the viscosity of a dilute ideal gas is correct?
(a) It is independent of pressure at fixed temperature
(b) It increases with increasing pressure at fixed temperature
(c) It is independent of temperature
(d) It decreases with increasing temperature
Ans: (a)
Solution.:
1 1 8kT P
Viscosity  mnv  where   ,v  and n  .
3 2 nd 2
m kT
T 3/ 2 T
Thus    constant at fixed T. Since PV   RT   constant
P P
Q5. A system has N spins, where each spin is capable of existing in 4 possible states. The
difference in entropy of disordered states (where all possible spin configurations are
equally probable) and ordered states is
(a) 2  N 1 kB ln 2 (b)  N  1 kB ln 2
(c) 4k B ln N (d) NkB ln 2

Ans: (a)
Solution.:
Since a system has N spins, where each spin is capable of existing in 4 possible states.
So total possibilities for N spins  4  4  4.......  4  4 N
Entropy of disordered states Sd  k B ln 4 N  Nk B ln 4  2 Nk B ln 2
Ordered state is obtained when all N spins are in a particular state. There exists 4 such options.
....
....
....
....
1 2 3 .... N
Since odered  4 so Sodered  So  kB ln 4  2kB ln 2 .
Thus Sd  So  2 NkB ln 2  2kB ln 2  2kB  N 1 ln 2
Physics by fiziks
1  V 
Q17. For a thermodynamic system, the coefficient of volume expansion     and
V  T  P
1  V 
compressibility      , where V, T, and P are respectively the volume,
V  P T
dV
temperature, and pressure. Considering that is a perfect differential, we get
V
           
(a)     (b)     
 P T  T  P  T  P  P T
           
(c)      (d)    
 P T  T  P  T  P  P T
Ans: (c)
1  V  1  V 
Solution.: Coefficient of volume expansion     and compressibility     
V  T  P V  P T
 V   V  dV 1  V  1  V 
Let V  V T , P   dV    dT    dP     dT    dP
 T  P  P T V V  T  P V  P T
dV  U   U       
 dU    dT   dP      ,         
V  T  P  P T  P T  T  P
Q27. Consider a system of large number of particles that can be in three energy states with
energies 0 meV, 1 meV, and 2 meV. At temperature T  300 K , the mean energy of the
system (in meV) is closest to
Given: Boltzmann constant kB  0.086 meV K-1
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.97
(c) 1.32 (d) 1.82
Ans: (b)
Solution.:
Partition function z   gi e i  e0  e   e2   1  e   e2  gi  1,   meV
2
  i e  i  
0 1   e  2 e 2    e   2e2   
Mean Energy E   
z 1  e    e 2  1  e    e 2 
0
  e  2

1meV e  0.03
2   3.03  0.98
E   E 
e 2   e   1 e0.06  e0.03  1 3.09
1 1 11.62
   1
meV   0.03
k BT 0.086meVK  300 K 300
Physics by fiziks
Q28. For the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution, the ratio of the root-mean-square speed
 vrms  and the most probable speed  vmax  is
Given: Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution function for a collection of particles of

mass m is
32
 m   mv 2 
f v    4 v 2 exp   
 2 k BT   2 k BT 
where, v is the speed and kBT is the thermal energy.
3 2 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2 3
Ans: (a)
Solution.:
3kBT 2kBT v 3
vrms  , vmp   rms 
m m vmp 2
Q30. A container is occupied by a fixed number of non-interacting particles. If they are

obeying Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, the pressure in
the container is PFD , PBE and PMB , respectively. Then
(a) PFD  PMB  PBE (b) PFD  PMB  PBE
(c) PFD  PBE  PMB (d) PFD  PMB  PBE
Ans: (a)
Physics by fiziks
Q35. Which of the following schematic plots correctly represent(s) a first order phase
transition occurring at temperature T  TC ? Here g , s, v are specific Gibbs free energy,
entropy and volume, respectively.
a b
g
TC T TC T
c d 
g v
TC T TC T
Ans: (b), (c)
Section C: Q.41 - Q.50 Carry ONE mark each. (No Question)
Q56. A container of volume V has helium gas in it with N number of He atoms. The mean free
path of these atoms is He . Another container has argon gas with the same number of Ar
atoms in volume 2V with their mean free path being  Ar . Taking the radius of Ar atoms
to be 1.5 times the radius of He atoms, the ratio Ar He is__________ (rounded off to
Ans: 0.89
1 V V 2V
Solution.:     He  , Ar 
2 nd 2
2 Nd 2
2 Nd He
2
2 Nd Ar
2
2 2
Ar d  r 
2
 1  2
 2  He   2  He   2     0.89 rAr  1.5rHe
He  d Ar   rAr   1.5  2.25
Solution- Modern Physics
Physics by fiziks

Physics by fiziks
Q8. If the ground state energy of a particle in an infinite potential well of width L1 is equal to
the energy of the second excited state in another infinite potential well of width L2 , then
L1
the ratio is equal to
L2
(a) 1 (b) 1/3 (c) 1 3 (d) 1/9

Ans: (b)
n2 2 2
Solution: The energy of a particle in Infinite Square well potential of length L is En 
2mL2
2 2
9 2 2
For L  L1 and n  1 ; E1  and For L  L2 and n  3 ; E3 
2mL12 2mL22
2
9 2 22
L12 1 L1 1
Since, E1  E3    2   
2mL12 2mL22 L2 9 L2 3
Thus correct option is (b).
Section A: Q.11-Q.30 Carry TWO marks each. (No Question)
Q31. The spectral energy density uT    vs wavelength    curve of a black body shows a
peak at   max . If the temperature of the black body is doubled, then
(a) the maximum of uT    shifts to max 2
(b) the maximum of uT    shifts to 2max
(c) the area under the curve becomes 16 times the original area
(d) the area under the curve becomes 8 times the original area
Ans: (a), (c)
Solution.:
b b b 
max  when T '  2T  max
'
   max
T T  2T 2
Thus option (a) is correct.
Now, the area under the curve (A)  T 4  A  aT 4
when T '  2T then A '  aT '4  a  2T   16aT 4  A '  16 A

4
Thus option (c) is also correct.

Therefore correct options are (a) and (c).
Physics by fiziks
1 1 1
Q33. The state of a harmonic oscillator is given as    0   1   2 , where  0 , 1
3 6 2
and  2 are the normalized wave functions of ground, first excited, and second excited
states, respectively. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
1
(a) A measurement of the energy of the system yields E   with non-zero
2
probability
5
(b) A measurement of the energy of the system yields E   with non-zero
3
probability
5
(c) Expectation value of the energy of the system E  
3
7
(d) Expectation value of the energy of the system E  
6
Ans: (a), (c)
Solution.:
1 1 1
  0  1   2  C0  0  C1  1  C2  2
3 6 2
1 1 1
The  is normalized so       1
3 6 2
 1
Since, En   n    with n  0,1, 2,.... , the various measurements of the energy of the system
 2
1 3 5
yield values E0   , E1   and E2   with the following probability.
2 2 2
1 1 1
P0  E0   C0  ; P1  E1   C1  ; P2  E2   C2 
2 2 2
3 6 2
Now, the expectation value of the energy is

2
1 1 1 3 1 5 5
E   PE i i  P0 E0  P1 E1  P2 E2         
i 0 3 2 6 2 2 2 3
Thus, the correct options are (a) and (c).
Physics by fiziks
Q45. A spacecraft has speed vs  fc with respect to the earth, where c is the speed of light in
vacuum. An observer in the spacecraft measures the time of one complete rotation of the
earth to be 48 hours. The value of f is __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 0.87
Solution. :
t 0 48 3 3
t   24   f2  f   0.87
v 2
1 f 2 4 2
1 s
2
c
Q50. An  particle with energy of 3MeV is moving towards a nucleus of 50
Sn. Its minimum
distance of approach to the nucleus is f 1014 m. The value of f is ________ (rounded
off to one decimal place).
Ans: 4.8
Solution.:
1  2e   Ze  2  50
K 
4 0 x0

 3 MeV  1.44 MeV . fm   x0
144 144 14.4

x0  fm  1015 m  1014 m  x0  4.8 1014 m  f 1014 m  f  4.8
3 3 3
Q51. In a X-Ray tube operating at 20 kV, the ratio of the de-Broglie wavelength of the incident
electrons to the shortest wavelength of the generated X-rays is ________ (rounded off to
Given: e/m ratio for an electron  1.76 1011 C kg-1 and the speed of light in vacuum is
3  108 ms-1
Ans: 0.12 to 0.16
Solution.: de-Broglie Wavelength
150 150
d   A   0.0866 1010 m  d  8.66 1012 m
V 20 103
hc 1.24 106 eV
Shortest wavelength of X -rays produced is P    6.2 1011 m
E 20 103eV
d 8.66 1012
   0.14
P 6.2 1011
Physics by fiziks
Q52. A point source emitting photons of 2 eV energy and 1 W of power is kept at a distance of
1m from a small piece of a photoelectric material of area 10 -4 m2. If the efficiency of
generation of photoelectrons is 10%, then the number of photoelectrons generated are
f 1012 per second. The value of f is __________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Given: 1eV  1.6 1019 J
1m
Ans: 2.30 to 2.70

Solution.:
Energy emitted in one second is E  1 J .
The number of Photon emitted in one second is
E 1J r
n  19
 3.125  1018 photons
hv 2 1.6 10 J Metal Plate
Source
Now, area of sphere of radius r  4 r 2
n
Number of photons per unit area 
4 r 2
n
Number of photons incident on metal plate of area 104 m 2 is n '  104 m 2
4 r 2
3.12 1018
 n'  104  2.48 1013 photons
4  3.14 12
Given the efficiency of generation of Photoelectron = 10%
10
Thus number of photoelectrons = 10% of n '   2.48 1013  2.48 1012  f  2.48
100
Physics by fiziks
Q53. Consider the  -decay 90 Th232  88 Ra 228 . In an experiment with one gram of 90Th 232 , the
average count rate (integrated over the entire volume) measured by the  -detector is
3000 counts s 1 . If the half life of 90Th 232 is given as 4.4 1017 s, then the efficiency of the
 -detector is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal places). Given: Avogadro’s
number = 6.023 × 1023 mol−1
Ans: 0.73
dN  1 gm  0.693
Solution.: Actual decay rate  N    6.02  1023    4086 s 1
 232  4.4 10
17
dt
3000
Measured decay rate  3000 s 1 . So, efficiency of  -detector   0.73
4086
Q54. In the Thomson model of hydrogen atom, the nuclear charge is distributed uniformly
over a sphere of radius R. The average potential energy of an electron confined within
e2
this atom can be taken as V   . Taking the uncertainty in position to be the
4 0 R
radius of the atom, the minimum value of R for which an electron will be confined within
the atom is estimated to be f 1011 m . The value of f is ______________ (rounded off
to one decimal places).
Given: The uncertainty product of momentum and position is  11034 Js-1,
1
e  1.6 1019 C, and  9 109 Nm2 C-2.
4 0
Ans: 2.2 to 2.7

pe2 e2
Solution.: Energy of electron E  
2me 4 0 R
pe2 e2 e2 2me
As electron is bounded within the atom, so E  0    0  pe 
2me 4 0 R 4 0 R
e2 2me
From uncertainty principle r.p  1034 where r  R , and p  pemax 
4 0 R
e2 2me 34 1068 1068

Thus R  10  R  
 2me  9 10 1.6 10   2  9.110 
4 0 R e2 9 19
2
31
4 0
1068 1068 108 1000

R    1011 m
 9 10 
9
2.56 10 38

2  9.110 31

419.33  10 60
419.33 419.33
 R  2.38 1011 m . So answer is 2.38.
Physics by fiziks
Q57. Three frames F0 , F1 and F2 are in relative motion. The frame F0 is at rest, F1 is moving
with velocity v1iˆ with respect to F0 and F2 is moving with velocity v2iˆ with respect
to F1 . A particle is moving with velocity v3iˆ with respect to F2 . If v1  v2  v3  c 2 , where
c is the speed of light, the speed of the particle with respect to F0 is fc . The value of f is
____________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 0.93
Solution.:
c c c
v01  v1iˆ  iˆ ; v21  v2iˆ  iˆ ; vP 2  v3iˆ  iˆ
2 2 2
c  c 4  c
  c  
vP 2  v12 2  2 4 5  2 13
vP1    c ; vP 0   c  0.93c  f  0.93
v v 1  c  c  5 1  4  c  14
1  P 22 12 1  2     1  2  c   
c c  2  2  c  5  2 
Q58. A fission device explodes into two pieces of rest masses m and 0.5 m with no loss of
c
energy into any other form. These masses move apart respectively with speeds
13
c
and , with respect to the stationary frame. If the rest mass of the device is f m then
2
f is________ (rounded off to two decimal places).
Ans: 1.61
Solution.:
MC 2 
mc 2

 0.5 m  c 2
 M  1.04 m  0.57 m  M  1.61 m  fm  f  1.61
1 1
1 1
13 4
Solution- Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics
Physics by fiziks

Physics by fiziks
Q1. For a cubic unit cell, the dashed arrow in which of the following figures represents the
direction [220]?
(a) (b)
Z Z
Y Y
X X
(c) (d)
Z Z
Y Y
X X
Ans: (c)
Solution.:
1 1
(a) Line equation is A  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  1iˆ  1 ˆj  2kˆ A
2 2  
 0,0,0 1 1 
Thus line indices is  hkl   112  , ,1
2 2 
1
(b) Line equation is A  0iˆ  1 ˆj  kˆ  0iˆ  2 ˆj  1kˆ A
2  
 0,0,0  1
Thus line indices is  hkl   021  0,1, 
 2
(c) Line equation is A  1iˆ  1 ˆj  0kˆ

A
 
Thus line indices is  hkl   110 or  220  0,0,0 1,1,0 
(d) Line equation is A  1iˆ  0 ˆj  1kˆ
A
 
Thus line indices is  hkl   101  0,0,0 1,0,1
Physics by fiziks
Q6. Temperature T  dependence of the total specific heat Cv  for a two dimensional
metallic solid at low temperatures is
(a) (b)
CV
CV
T
T
T
T2
(c) (d)
CV CV
T
T
T
Ans: (a)
Solution:
The specific heat of metal is sum of phonon heat capacity and
CV
electronic heat capacity. T
CV  CPh  Ce  aT 2   T
CV
 aT  
T
T
Thus correct option is (a).
Physics by fiziks
Q7. For the following circuit, choose the correct waveform corresponding to the output
signal Vout  . Given Vin  5sin  200 t  V, forward bias voltage of the diodes (D and Z) =
0.7 V and reverse Zener voltage = 3 V.

R
Vout
D
Z
Vin ~ 
3V 
(a) (b)
4 4
2 2
0 0
2 2
4 4
t t
(c) (d)
4 4
2 2
 0 0
2 2
4 4
t t
Ans: (a)
Solution.:
If 0  vin  3V , diode is reverse bias and zener diode is OFF then v0  vin .
If vin  3V , diode is forward bias and zener diode is ON then vin  3V .
In negative half cycle if vin exceeds 0.7V , diode is reverse bias and zener diode is forward bias
then vin  0.7V .
Physics by fiziks
R1
Q9. In the given circuit, with an ideal op-amp for what value of the output of the
R2
amplifier Vout  V2  V1 ? R
(a) 1
R
(b) 1/2 
V1 Vout
(c) 2
V2 
(d) 3/2 R1
R2
Ans: (a)
Solution.: From Superposition theorem
R  R  R2 2R2
Vout  V01  V02   V1  1   V2  V1  V2
R  R  R1  R2 R1  R2
2 R2 R
Vout  V2  V1 so  1  R2  R1  1  1
R1  R2 R2
Q12. Two digital inputs A and B are given to the following circuit. For A  1, B  0 , the values
of X and Y are
A B
(A) X  0, Y  0 (B) X  1, Y  0
(C) X  0, Y  1 (D) X  1, Y  1
Ans: (b) 1 A B 0
Solution.:
1 1
X 1
Y 0
0 0
Physics by fiziks
Q22. In the circuit shown, assuming the current gain   100 and VBE  0.7 V , what will be the
collector voltage VC in V?
Given: VCC  15V , R1  100 k , R2  50 k , RC  4.7 k  and RE  3.3 k 

VCC
R1 RC
VC
VE
R2 RE
(a) 8.9 (b) 5.1 (c) 4.3 (d) 3.2

Ans: (a)
Solution.:
VCC R2 15V  50k  15V  50k 
ETh     5V RTh
R1  R2 100k   50k  150k  B

RR 100k   50k  100 IB
RTh  1 2   k VBE
R1  R2 100k   50k  3  E
ETh
ETh  VBE 5V  0.7V RE
IB   IE
RTh     1 RE 100 k   101 3.3k 
3
4.3  3 12.9 Figure: Thevenin equivalent circuit.
IB    0.0117mA
100  303  3.3 1099.9
Thus IC   I B  100  0.0117mA  1.17mA
 VC  VCC  IC RC  15V  1.17  4.7   9.5V
Physics by fiziks
Q29. In an extrinsic p-type semiconductor, which of the following schematic diagram depicts
the variation of the Fermi energy level  EF  with temperature T  ?
(a) (b)
E E
EC EC
EF
EF
EV EV
T T
(c) (d)
E E
EC EC
EF EF
EV EV
T T
Ans: (a)
Solution.:
In a p-type semiconductor Fermi-level is near valance band at lower temperature. As temperature
increases Fermi-level moves towards middle of the band gap.
Relationship between Fermi level  EF  and the intrinsic Fermi level EFi   in term of hole
concentration  p0  and intrinsic carrier concentration  ni  for p  type semiconductor is
p 
EFi  EF  kBT ln  0 
 ni 
At lower temperature p0  ni , thus EFi  EF
At high temperature, ni increases and at very high temperature ni  p0
 EFi  EF  0  EF  EFi . Therefore, with increasing temperature, E F moves closer to the E Fi .
Thus, the correct option is (a).
Physics by fiziks
Section B: Q.31 - Q.40 Carry TWO marks arks each. (No Question)
Q41. The lattice constant (in Å ) of copper, which has FCC structure, is _________ (rounded
off to two decimal places).
Given: density of copper is 8.91 gcm-3 and its atomic mass is 63.55 gmol-1; Avogadro’s
number = 6.023  1023 mol-1
Ans: 3.60 to 3.65
Solution.:
neff  M neff  M
  a3 
NA  a 3
NA  
Given, neff  4,   8.91g cm3 , M  63.55g mol and N A  6.023 1023 mol1
4  63.55
 a3   4.737 1023  a  3.61108 cm  3.611010 m  a  3.61 A
6.023 10  8.91
23
Q42. Two silicon diodes are connected to a battery and two resistors as shown in the figure.
The current through the battery is __________ A (rounded off to two decimal places).
Given: The forward voltage drop across each diode = 0.7 V
10 
5
 
5V
Ans: 0.43
Solution.:
Upper diode diode is forward bias and lower diode is reverse bias(open circuit) so current in the
5V  0.7V
battery is I   0.43 A
10
Physics by fiziks
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Iit Jam Physics 2023

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IIT-JAM Physics-2023

Solution- Mathematical Methods

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

Q2. Which of the following fields has non-zero curl?

(c) y 2iˆ   2 xy  z 2  ˆj  2 yzkˆ (d) xyiˆ  2 yzjˆ  3xzkˆ

Q4. The plot of the function f  x   x  1 is

Thus option (b) is correct.

system  u, v  as shown in the figure is

z  0 , dl  dxxˆ  dyyˆ  F .dl   ydx  zdy   ydx

 F .dl     ydx     R sin   R    sin  d   R

Q32. A periodic function f  x   x2 for   x   is expanded in a Fourier series. Which of

the following statement(s) is/are correct?

Section C: Q.41 - Q.50 Carry ONE mark each.

Section C: Q.51-Q60 Carry TWO marks each.

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

Mass flow rate  density  velocity  area

Momentum flow rate=Force  density   velocity   area

Pressure on the flat surface is  density   velocity   1000  26.96  27 kN m 2

 P  27 kN m2 . Thus correct option is (b)

Ans: (a), (b), (c)

 rˆ    sin   ; ˆ    cos  

 rˆ   ˆ     sin   cos  

 rˆ   ˆ   2  2  2 2  2 1.414   rˆ   ˆ   2.83

Section C: Q.51-Q60 Carry TWO marks each. (No Question)

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

Section A: Q.11-Q.30 Carry TWO marks each.

   0.612 0.62  f   0   0.62

Q19. The phase velocity v p of transverse waves on a one-dimensional crystal of atomic

(a) decreasing both  and 

Ans: (b), (c), (d) Sample

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

Section A: Q.11-Q.30 Carry TWO marks each.

Q16. Suppose the divergence of magnetic field B is nonzero and is given as  B  0 m ,

(a) Normal component of both D and P are continuous

.D  0  f  0 . Thus Normal component of D is continuous

Section B: Q.31 - Q.40 Carry TWO marks arks each.

1 0.159 0.159 0.159 10

At f  1kHz ; X L   L  2 fL  2  3.14 1103  25 103  157

 X L  XC    X L  X C   157  40  117

At f  200 Hz i.e. f  f r ; X L  X C . So behavior of the circuit is capacitive. Thus voltage lags

Section C: Q.41 - Q.50 Carry ONE mark each.

Q59. A conducting wire AB of length 1m has resistance of 1 .6 . It is connected to a voltage

 S  da through sphere is power radiated i.e.

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

(c) 4k B ln N (d) NkB ln 2

So total possibilities for N spins  4  4  4.......  4  4 N

Entropy of disordered states Sd  k B ln 4 N  Nk B ln 4  2 Nk B ln 2

Since odered  4 so Sodered  So  kB ln 4  2kB ln 2 .

Thus Sd  So  2 NkB ln 2  2kB ln 2  2kB  N 1 ln 2

Given: Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution function for a collection of particles of

Q30. A container is occupied by a fixed number of non-interacting particles. If they are

(a) PFD  PMB  PBE (b) PFD  PMB  PBE

(c) PFD  PBE  PMB (d) PFD  PMB  PBE

Ans: (b), (c)

Section C: Q.41 - Q.50 Carry ONE mark each. (No Question)

Section C: Q.51-Q60 Carry TWO marks each.

Be Part of Disciplined Learning

(a) 1 (b) 1/3 (c) 1 3 (d) 1/9

Section B: Q.31 - Q.40 Carry TWO marks arks each.

peak at   max . If the temperature of the black body is doubled, then

(a) the maximum of uT    shifts to max 2

(b) the maximum of uT    shifts to 2max

when T '  2T then A '  aT '4  a  2T   16aT 4  A '  16 A