L

la
STRAL
IA'S NE W MONTHLY Y

e
c
tro
nli T O D AY
LC 19

$
1
000
D
E
S
IGN
C
O
NTE
ST

C
OMPUT
ERI
ZED
D
RAWI
NG
V
I
DE
OC A
SSET
TES
: f
t
l
i
*p
- 54 -
f
U
LLRE
PORT
M
I
LL
ION-
VOL
T
M
I
CROSCOP
E
D
I
STO
RTI
ON 4M
ORE
I
NSP
EAK
ERS P
RO
JECI
S •
 S
OMETH
ING I
NA S
PEAKER
S
YSTEM

SONY r
esearch
makes t
he d
iference
w
ith
"
U
ltr
a Li
near
M
agn
eti
c Ci
rcu
it"
*
Long r esearch b y SONY h as now r esul
ted i n a
r
evolutionary n ew s peaker s ys
tem . E ach n ew
SS-7300 s peaker u ni
t i ncorporates " U.L
.M .C."
(
"Ultra Linear Magne t
ic Circui
t") w h
ich el
im inates
t
he inseparable distor
tion common t o c
onventional
speakers.
The three-way sys
tem comprises 12
" c
one
-type
woofer
, 5 " cone
-type m
id-range and 1
" dome-
t
ype t wee
ter
.
T
he superior sound of SS-7300 w i
th it
s distort
ion-
l
ess hi
-fi sound wil
l s urpass a nyth
ing y ou h ave
h
eard before —with a p
erfect b
lend oftonalb alance
a
nd harmon ic accuracy. In de
luxe wa lnut enclos -
u
res with elegant c
loth.
Sounds good w i
th your amp l
ifier ...e ven b etter
w
ith a SONY T A
-1144.

* SONY r esearch h
as s uccessful
ly decreased dis-
t
ort
ion b y not
ing tha
t the v o
ice c o
il in conven-
t
ional speakers a
cts as transformer and c auses
d
istort
ion.
T
he "Ul
tra Linear Magne tic Circuit" ("U
.L.M.C.")
u
ses two advances : A
. S pecial " DISHED" p ole
p
iece t
o l
ower centre p
ole p ermeab il
ity
. B. Copper
c
oat
ing to s nor
t u ndesired s elf
-gene ra
ted f l
ux. C
opps
, O
hne C
ente
r p
ole V
oice c
oi
l

These ensure t
hat harmful s e
lf-generated E.M .F
's
a
re reduced inthe v
oice coil
. Neve r be
fore u sed in N
ewly d
eve
loped "
Ult
ra L
i
near Magne
tic C
i
rcu
it"
c
onven t
ional speaker u n
its, " U.L.M.C." a ssures
maximum t ona
l q ua
lity with m inimum d is
tor t
ion.

T
o: Jacoby
, M
itche
ll &C
o. P
ty
. L
td
., 4
69-475 K
ent S
t
., S
ydney
, N
.S.W
.
2
000
.

P
lease s
end m
e i
n
forma
tion o
n t
he S
ony S
S-7300 S
peake
r S
ystem
.

JACC 'S N
AME

S
M
ITCHELL
ydney -28 2
651 • Melbourne -30 2491/2 • Adela
ide -53 6117
A
DDRESS

B
risbane -2 6
467 • Per
th -28 8102 • L aunceston -2 5322 • A
gents
:
S
TATE
C
anbe
rra- 47 9010 • N'c
le -61 4991 • P ort gembla -4 2
071

J
MS/27
-71EA57
1
 e
lc
tro
nic
s
J
ULY 1
971 V
ol.1 N
o.4

ma
in f
eatures
M
ILL
ION—VOLT E
LECTRON M
ICROSCOPE 1
6
P
owe
rfu
lnew m
icro
scope c
an s
ee i
ndi
vidua
l mo
lecu
les —f
ul
lrepor
t.
HOW TO MAKE MEASUREMENTS AUTOMAT
ICALLY .
20
D
ata l
ogged f
rom a
ny p
roce
sso
reven
t o
ur r
epor
t e
xpl
ain
s h
ow.
V
IDEO—PLAYERS 2
8
S
even
teen c
ompan
iesf
i
ght f
or wo
rld marke
t —t
he c
ompe
ting s
ystems
.
EXHAUST ANALYS
IS 3
0
E
lec
tron
ic g
as a
naly
sish
elps c
omba
tsmog c
aused b
ycar e
ngine
s.
P
RACT
ICAL GU
IDE TO TR
IACS — P
ART 2 3
4
r
•
J
S
econd a
r
tic
le i
THE COCKTA
E
lec
tron
ics
nt
IL P
, a
h
is s
er
ie
ARTY P
nd t
heor
ie
se
xpla
ins h
HENOMENON
s o
fhuman a
t
ow p

ten
t
ha

ion
se c

. h
ont
rol works

ave many p
ara
l
.

le
ls
.
4
0 OBJECT:
COMPUTER DRAW
N
B
ew g
raph
IOLOG
ic a
ICAL F
rt
ING BOARD
sc
ompu
EEDBACK
ter p
roduce
sthr
ee-d
imens
iona
ldraw
ing
s.
4
2

4
4
TO SAVE
LIVES
A How i
nvo
lun
tary b
ody f
unct
ion
sare mas
tered b
y c
ontro
lling b
rain
-waves
.
$
1,000 DES
IGN CONTEST 5
6
Sw
imm
ing p
oola
l
arm y
our w
inn
ing (
min
' c
ould s
ave ac
hi
ld'
sli
fe!

bonus h
i-f
i f
eatures
D
ISTORT
ION I
N S
PEAKERS 2
5
S
ome h
i
-fis
peaker
shave o
ver S
O% d
i
stor
tion — a
rt
icle e
xpla
ins w
hy.

I
NHAT
'S A WATT? 7
6
W
hy e
ngineer
suse W
att
srms — a
l
though t
hey k
now i
tisw
rong
.

p
rojects
F
ULL—WAVE MOTOR S
PEED CONTROL 3
3
T
hisf
ul
l ,w
ave c
ontro
lle
rsen
sesl
oad a
nd c
ompensa
tesa
cco
rding
ly.
L
OGIC P
ROBE 4
6
I
ndica
tess
t
ate o
flog
ic c
i
rcu
its
,for ama
teur a
nd p
rof
ess
iona
luse
.
TACHO—DWELL METER 5
1
D
ual
-purpose me
ter i
ndica
tes b
oth e
ngine s
peed a
nd d
is
tribu
tor dwe
ll
.
F
ASTEST F
INGER I
N THE WEST 5
9
Ma
tch y
our r
eac
tion t
ime a
gains
t o
ther
sinn
ew e
l
ect
ron
ic g
ame
.

p
roduct t
ests
S
OPH
IST
ICATED AMER
ICAN 6
4
F
ir
st Aus
tra
lian t
e
sto
fthe l
a
tes
tFi
sher t
ype XP
-9C s
peake
rs.
DRAKE
'S P
ROGRESS 6
8
W
e t
e
st t
he D
rake R4B a
nd S
PR4 c
ommun
ica
tion r
ece
iver
s.
S
UPER DYNAM
IC TAPE 7
2
S
coop t
e
st o
f -an
ew h
igh
-per
formance r
eco
rding t
ape f
rom J
apan
.
AUSTRAL
IAN—MADE D
IGITAL VOLTMETER 8
2
L
oca
lly
-produced me
terf
eature
s modu
lar c
ons
truc
tion — f
ullt
e
st.
P
ublished b y MODERN MAGAZ INES
r
evie ws (
HOLD
S
INGS
ydney 2 000
) L
. P
IM ITED
hones: 2
, 2
6
1-23 B
-2296 , 2
a
thur
6
s
-6129
tS tree
. C ab
t,
les
:
RECOR D
I NGS — CLASSIC AL
, 101; RECOR DINGS — JAZZ
, 105
; MODMAGS SYDNEY . Manag ing d irector: C o
lin
I
trr
ie. E ditor-in-chief: J ules Feldman . Genera l
POP TRENDS, 1
09; BOOK REVIE WS
, 12; NE W L
ITERATURE, 16
.
a
dve r
tising manage r
: Max P ress. I NTERSTATE
a
dve r
tising — Me lbourne : C larrie L evy, S u
i te 2 3
,
ne ws &Infor mat
ion 5
53 S
P
arkin
t. K
son
ilda Rd
, A .C.P
. (
.
51
, 2
-9776
4 Ha li
). Ade
fax S t
la
. (
ide
8
: W
-4121)
.J
.
.

B
risbane : D avid Wood , Anday Agency , 329
NE WS D
I GEST, 6
; ELECTR ON ICS IN SPACE
, 78; ELECTR ONICS IN Adelaide St. (2-2735 ). OVERSEAS — Un ited
EDUCAT I ON, 80
; AUD I O NE WS
, 8 8; CO MPONENT NE WS , 91; K
ingdom : A.C .P., 107 F leet St., L ondon EC4 .
EQUIP MENT NE WS, 92
; I NPUT GATE ( READERS ' LETTERS), 14; U
.S.A .: AC .P., 229 We st 43rd S t., N ew Yo rk
TECH —TIPS, 1
23. J
apan : B ancho Med ia S ervice, S hinanomach i,
Sh
injuku -Ku , T okyo . P r
in ted b y C onpres s
hinting L td., O'R iordan S t
., Alexand ria.
COVER : New graph
ic art
s computer produce
s three-dimensiona
l drawing
s f
r
om D
istribu tors: Au stralian C onso lidated P ress.
o
rthog
raphic p
lans (
sub
ject h
ere i
san e
lectr
ic c
ar)
. R eport
, pages42-43
.
Despite denial
s b y B
riti
sh L eyland f o
llow ing the article on el
ect r
i c c
ars
p
ub l
ished i n the Apr
il issue o f E LECTRON ICS TODA Y , the factory IS
g
oing a head w ith it
s e lectric c a
r p roject: thi
s p ilot mode l i s being
e
valua ted right now i n p reparation f or p roduction. A f u
ll repor t on
i
t appear s in the next i ssue o f o ur compan ion magaz ine, MODERN
MOTOR , due o ut i
n the r rst w eek of J uly — and t he Augus t issue of
ELECTRON ICS TODA Y w il
lf eature a t
echn ica
la sse
ssment o ft he vehic
le.

I
t
'
t(
V1
1
11
1
11
1
ii
n
•
4
\
c
'
• • '
 s
ecur
ity-
f
anc
ied
o
rfactua
l?

D
OES a s ection o f Aus tralia's s ecur ity i ndus try t hink i thas a
monopo ly o n e lectrical k now -how? And t hat n one b ut the
c
leve rest o f c r
im inals c an d isable t heir ' s
ecur ity' s y
stems?
C
ollyn R
iver
s, E
ditor Our Ap r
il i sue c ontained a n a rticle d e
sc r
ib ing t he mo re
r
ud imen ta ry s ystems i nc ommon u se. T his u p set some membe rs of
E
di
tor
ialAssi
stan
t:
t
he i n dus try s o much t hat c omp la in ts w ere made a t m inisterial
R
ogerHar
rison (
VK3ZR Y
) l
evel.
But t he se c omp la ints d id n ot c ome f rom t he m ajo r secur ity
P
ro
j ec
tsM anager
: c
ompan ies, n or from t he p o
lice.
B
arry Wi
lkinson They c ame f r
om c ompan ies w hose p r
inc ipa ls, i n 1 971, s t
ill
s
e
rious ly t hink t ha t a dequa te p ro tec tion i s ah andfu l o f switches
P
ro
jec
tsA dv
ise
r: and at ype 3 000 r e
lay .
K
im Ryr
ie T heir t ype o f p rotec tion i sj ust a bou t a s s ecret a s today 's d ate,
and c an b e b y-passed b y a nyone w ith ap air of s ide-cutte rs, si
x f eet
R
evi
ew Ed
ito
r: o
f w ire a nd ar udimen tary k now ledge o fe l
ec tricity.
J
ohn C
l
are The re a re h undreds o f t housands o f p eop le i n Aus tralia with t his
know ledge — a nd, o bvious ly, s ome o f t hem a re c r
im ina ls.
A
rtDi
rec
tor
: Secur ity i nstallations r ema in i n use f or many y ears. U n
less t hey
C
l
iveDav
is a
re t ho rough ly u p-to -da te w hen i nstalled , wha t p ro tec t
ion c an
t
hey o ffer i nt en y ea rs' t ime?
Fo r the c r
im ina l i sa lso u pda t
ing h is techn ique .
The mo re r e
spons ib le s ecurity c ompan ies a re w e
ll a ware of t h
is
p
rob lem , a nd t heir e qu ipment a nd i n
s ta
lla tions r e
flect t h
is
awa renes s
. B ut, w hilst g ood e qu ipment i s n ot e xpens ive i f
measured a gains t t he p rotec t
ion i ta ffo rds , itd oes c os
t mo re than
p
rim it
ive t ype s of insta llations .
I
f
, y ou b uy t he c heape st i n
stalla tion y ou c an f i
nd , d on't b e
s
urp rised i fi ti sbea ten .
Today 's c rim inal d oe sn't n eed E LECTRON ICS TODAY t o t e
ll
5
V h
im h ow t o d o i t
.
Jus t as econda ry s choo l educa t
ion .

a
.,•

Howard Jenk ins

,
Advert
ising Manager
Me
lbourne Manager
:
C
lar
rieLevy

R
epre
sen
tat
ive(S
ydney
):
T
er
ry Ma
rsden

P
roduc
tion Manage
r:
J
ohn Oxen f
o
rd

E
LECTRON
ICS T
ODAY
,— J
ULY 1
971
5
 TY
ING L
IGHT B
EAMS I
N KNOTS
•••• •••• •• • • •• • • • • •• •• • • ••••

•• • •
• •• • •••• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • • ••••
Guiding t he lase r beams a round
•••• •• •• • •• • • •• •
c
orne rs m ay w e
ll b e one of t he k eys
• •• •
••••
• •• •
••••
• •• :: : : :
•• • •
t
o the n ext g ene ra t
ion o fc ommun i-
c
at
ion s ystems .
• • •• •• • •
An ew t echnique c urrently u nder
:
:r d
evelopment b y NEC i nJ apan
• :
• • ••
•
• ••• •
•• •
•• •
•• •• • •
•
•
•
••
• •
••
••
• •
•
•
••
• •
•
•
••
• •
•
•
••
• employ s al ow-at tenua tion l i
ght -
•
•• ••• •
•• •
•• •
•• •
•• ••• • •••• f
ocussing f i
bre w i th ar efrac t
ive
i
ndex d ec reasing p arabolically
t
owa rd t he p er
iphe ry .
The result i san o ptical transm i
ssion
l
i
ne, carry ing l a
se r b eams i na ny
d
i
re ct
ion i tisbent .

E
FFIC
IENT Y
ELLOW L
ED s
tage b y stage — w ith e ach s tage b e
ing by u t
i l
ising t he rmal n eut rons i nstead
c
hecked b y some o ve riding c ont rol o
f X - rays.
A n expe r
imenta l li
ght e mitt
ing d iode
me chan ism b efo re proceed ing t o the Unlike X -rays , therma l n eutrons a re
h
as b een d eveloped b y the UK b ased
next. a
b so rbed b y l ight m aterials r
a the r than
P
ho spho r P roduc t
s Co.
By this m ethod as pecific p ro tein c an h
eavy o nes, and a sthe d etect
ion me thod
E
ff
iciency i shigh, 100 ft
-
lambe r
ts
b
ec rea ted i na bout 2 000 a ttemp ts. i
si nsen sit
ive t o the gamma r ad iation
b
eing p roduced a t5,800 ang stroms
I
ne ssence E igen s ays t hat f o r emitted b y rad ioac t
ive o bject
s ,n o fi
lm
f
rom l ess than fi
ve m i
lliamp s p e
r square
molecu la r evolut ion t o b e s tatistica l
ly f
ogg ing p rob lems a ree ncounte red .
c
entime t
re.
f
easible , se
lect ion mus th ave t a ken T
he t echnique i sfinding i ncrea sing
P
rob lems? — o nly one — c urrent
p
lace a t mo lecu la r level b efo re a ny u
se i nt he explo s
ives indus try w here
d
evice s require a1 00 volt supply
r
ecogn isab le s t
ructu re e xisted . i
t
sa bility to p ene trate s t
eel and l e
ad
i
n
s tead o f the one ort wo v o
lts for
E
igen s t
ates t hat f or mo lecu la r c
asing s
, y e
tc learly indica te the l i
ghter
'
convent iona l
' L EDs.
e
volut ion t he c ond itions r equ ired a re
: e
xp lo sive fi
l
ling ,i sinvaluab le.
a
utoca talytic r eactions , ( enzyme s Othe r applica tions include t he s tudy
QUANTITAT
IVE MOLECULAR
c
atalysing t heir own f o rma t
ion b y o
f c ompo s
ite b oron fi
lament
EVOLUTION '
posit
ive f eedback '), self-rep l
icat ing mate rials, and med ical research .
Many s cient ists (and e d
ito rs!—Ed ) molecu le s and a n e xterna l e ne rgy
doub t gene rally a ccepted e xplana t
ion s s
ource . Thi
s t
hermaln eutron r
adiograph showing
T
here i sal
so ac r
itical l evel o f wax c
andle
si nsteelholders was t
aken
f
or t he e vo lution o f l i
fe o n the g round s
t
hrough a f
our
-inch-th
ick lead
-brick wal
l!
o
fs tatistical i mprobab ility . i
nstabili ty, — ab alance b etween
S
uppo rt b oth f or and a ga inst t hese '
i
nfo rma tion c ontent ' and mutab ility.
v
iew sw as p re sented r ecent ly b y I
ft he s ystem i stoo s table n o c hange
Manf red E igen , d
irec tor o f the M ax - c
an t ake p lace — o r o n the o the r h and
P
lanck I nstitute f or P hysica l C hem istry
. i
fi tist oo u nstab le t he re sult i s
Manf red E igen h asc a
lcu lated t he molecu la rc hao s.
possibilitie s ofc reating a 1 00 r esidue H
ence t he b el
ie f int he o r
igina l i nter-
p
ro tein f rom t he 20 o r so a m
ino a cids. a
ction b etween p ro tein a nd n uc leic
Hef ound t ha t the crea tion o fa ny a
c
ids — f or the f orme r canno t s uppo rt
s
pecif ic p ro tein b y random s elec tion achange b y it
self, w hi
lst t he l atter i s
would t ake n o less than 1 0 1" p
rone t oe xce ssive muta t
ion .
a
ttemp ts; an umbe r sov ast that t he
r
esultant mo lecule s wou ld f i
l
l 1 02 7
P
HOTOGRAPH
ING THROUGH
u
nive rses.
L
EAD
E
igen t here fo re postu late s at heo ry
o
fq ua litative mo lecula re volution i n H
igh
ly radioac
tive m
ate
ria
l can b
e
which e ach s pecif
ic p ro tein i sassemb led p
hotographed t
hrough l
e
ad sh
ield
ing

6
S
I
LCRONE
S
y
J
ince i
ears a
t
s i
go
ntroduc
, S
t
ion l
ILCRON — t
ess t han t
he " v
ita
wo
l
s
tat
istics" t urn tab le, has b een
a
cclaimed b y a udio e nthus iasts al
l
o
ver A us tralia . Wha t are the r easons
f
or S
ILCRON 's s uccess? T here's a
s
imple a nswer . L ook a tt he
S
ILCRON " vitals tatistics" !
•Prec ision e ng inee ring
t
hroughou t
•B elt d rive
• Two s peeds — 3 3 1/
3 a nd
4
5 r pm
•P aten ted l ightning -fast s peed
change
• Wow a nd f lutter less than 0.04 %
•S ealed -for -
life 1 2 p o
le
s
ynchronous mo tor
•D ynam ica l
ly b a
lanced 1 2"
d
iame te rc as talum inium p lat
ter
•A nti-sta tic ma t supp lied a tn o
extra c ost
• Only 3 mov ing p arts
•N ationa l s a
les a nd s ervice
f
acilities
•L ast b ut n ot least — S ILCRON
i
so n
ly $ 44.50 !

S
ee the SILCRON t urntable a
t
f
ranchised Simon G ray d ea
lers i
n
a
l
l sta
tes . L
isten to i
t
;a s SILCRON
i
svir
tually si
lent you wil
l probab
ly
h
ear n o
thing. And that
's why
S
ILCRON w i
ll no
t af
fect the mos
t
s
ensit
ive c ar
tridges and tone a
rms.
A
sk f
or y
our d
emons
tra
tion t
oday
!
•
Th. S lIcron tu
rntable. a
s Ilus-
t
rated
. a lso s
hows b ase a
nd tone
a
rm ; these are o pt
ional ex
tras.

rSimon G
ray P ty L
td.
, 2 8 E
l
izabe
th
S
tree
t, Melbourne 3
000.
P
lease s end me a l he f
l t ac
ts abou
t
t
he •'
vi
tal sta
tis
tics" o
f t
he SILCRON
t
urn
tab le
.

NAME

ADDRESS

POSTCODE

S
GS1
•67
1

A
u
str
al
ian N
a
tion
al D
i
st
ribu
tor
s: I
NTERSTATE R
EPRE
SENT
ATIVE
S:

„
lad N
T.
: P
f
i
tzn
er'
s M
us
ic H
ous
e, S
m
ith S
t
ree
t, D
a
rwin T
e
l
. 3
80
1
Q
'
land
: Sy
dne
y G
.H ug
hes
, 1
5
4-158 A
r
thu
r St
.
, New F
a
rm, B
r
isbane
. 5
814
22
H
ead Of
ic: 2
e 0 E
l
izabe
th S
t
., M
elbou
rne
, Me
. T
e
l. 1
3 $
101 • T
oles
: 3
1804 I
S
ydney Ofice: 53 V
ic
toria A
ve., Cbab
r amed, N.S
.W . T
el
. 40 4
322• T
a
s.: K
.W.McCu
llo
ch Pt
y
. L
t
d
., 57Ge
orge S
t
ree
t, L
a
unce
sto
n. Te
l
. 25
322
C
anberra Ofice, 2
5 Ms!eag
le Ode
ll, F
ysInvIck
, A.C.T. T
el
. 05 1
02$
A
dela
ide Of ice
: Si Y
a m I d.
, SeaclMfe, S.A
. Tel
. N 3 107 WA
: A
t
hol M
. H
i
l
l P
t
y. L
t
d.
, 6
1
3-6
15 W
e
ll
ing
ton S
t
ree
t, P
e
rth
. T
e
l
. 2
178
61

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 7
 Moun
ted i
nthe h
ear
t o
f t
he A
quar
ius 4e
nclosure a
n
8
-
inch w
ide r
ange t
r
ansducer i
sdi
rec
ted u
pward
i
n
to a r
adia
l h
orn
. T
his r
adia
l h
orn s
preads t
he s
ound
w
aves t
hrough a3
60 0 h
orizon
tal r
adia
l d
i
ffrac
tion
s
lo
t. H
igh f
r
equenc
ies emerge i
n a3
60° v
ert
ica
l p
lane
f
r
om a2
-
inch d
r
iver s
epara
tely l
oaded b
y ar
adia
l
h
orn l
oca
ted o
n t
he u
pper r
ear p
ane
l o
f t
he
A
quar
ius 4
.These r
i
ght a
ngle d
ispers
ion p
atterns
i
n
terac
t w
ith e
ach o
ther t
o p
rov
ide a
n i
mmense
s
ound s
tage t
hat b
el
ies t
he modes
t d
imens
ions o
f
t
he A
quar
ius 4 i
t
sel
f.
S
tr
iking b
y i
t
s v
ery s
imp
lic
ity
, t
he A
quar
ius 4 b
lends
h
armon
ious
ly w
ith a
lmos
t a
ny d
ecor
. I
t
s c
lean
,
u
nencumbered s
ty
ling a
nd e
xci
ting s
ound q
ual
ity
makes t
he A
quar
ius 4a
n i
dea
l c
hoice f
ort
hose w
ho
d
esire s
ound r
eproduc
tion w
ithou
t c
omprom
ise
,
b
utf
i
nd t
hemse
lves l
im
ited f
or s
pace i
nthe
ir
l
i
sten
ing r
oom
.

L
ow f r
equency t ransducer: 8-
inch high c
omp l
iance
r
adial horn-loaded d r
iver
Power capac i
ty: 2 5 wc ont
inuous RMS
F
requency t ransit
ion b ands: 8-
inch wide range d
river
o
pera tes up to 8000 H z
, high f
requency dr
iver
o
pera tes from 3 000 H z t
o beyond the r
ange of
h
uman a udibi
lity.
A
vai
lab le fi
nishes: H and-rubbed Oiled Walnut o
r
S
atin White
D
imens ions: 40" x 1 0" x 1
0" deep
I
mpedance : 8o hms

C
al
l y
ourJ
BL d
eale
rfo
r ad
emons
tra
tion
.
QUEENSLAND : Brisbane A gencies. Brisbane 2 -
6931
WEST. AUSTRAL IA: Lesl
ie Leona rd & C o. Per
th 2 1
-5067
V
ICTOR IA: Kei
th A bernethy St e
reo. M elbourne 6 63
-1615
A
l
lans M usic
. M elbourne 6 3-0451; S ou
thern S ound.
Me
lbourne 6 3
-8237 , 97
-7245; D ouglas Trading. Melbourne
6
3-9321
N
.S.W.: I
ns
trol HiF i
. Sydney 29-4258; C onvoy Technocen tre
.
S
ydney 3 57
-262 1; Glen-Dor Hi Fl
. Sydney 9 7-2709;
A
utel S
ound S ystems . Sydney 8 9
-0663
SOUTH A USTRAL IA: Truscott Elect
ronics. Adelaide 23-3024
NORTHERN T ERRITORY : Phi
tzne rs Music Salon.
D
arwin 3801

•NOTE : P ower c apaci

ty h as no di
rec t re
lationship t o t
he rated p ower of
t
he amp lif
ier u sed. T he Aquarius 4 c an deliver fu
ll-bodied p er
formance
when c onnected t o an amp l
ifier ra
ted a t on
ly 1 0 watts ou
tpu t
. T he use
o
f larger amplifiers permits a greater ma rgin of reserve power f or
e
ffort
less h andling of momen tary mus ical transient sounds . These
l
oudspeaker s ystems may b e connec ted to the mos t power fu
l amp lif
iers
ava
ilable ifd esired, with l
i
ttle danger o f overload.

N
J10
3
e
a
rs f
r
ont
o
r l
e
ft
, o
r r
i
ght
, o
r a
nywhere i
n
t
he r
oom
.

T
his i
sAquar
ius
, f
r
om J
BL
E
nvironmen
tal s
ound
. As
tereo
l
oudspeaker s
ystem s
pec
if
ica
lly
d
esigned f
o
r h
ome l
i
sten
ing
. T
o
b
r
ing s
ound o
ut o
f i
t
s c
orner
.

S
ound i
nthe r
ound
.

A
qua
rius 4
. F
o-p
eop
le w
ho a
re
j
ust al
i
t
tle r
i
ch o
r d
eterm
ined
t
o own t
he f
i
nes
t i
nsound
e
quipmen
t.

Qua
lity
, a
nd i
tlooks i
t
.JBL i
sfo
r
when y
ou're t
here
.

AUR
IEMA (
A/AS
IA) P
TY. L
TD.
,

'
AL
5
49 P
i
ttwa
ter R
oad
,
B
rookva
le 2
103
P
hone 9
39-
18:
33
RIGHT : Thisp r
inted c
ircuit
co mponent b oard i
sfrom a
FAC IT tape-punch. See ar
ticle'
'How t o Make Measurement s
Auto matical
ly' —p ages 20-24
t
his is
sue.

BEL O W
: C o mputer cont rol
led
d
rawing b oard converts ortho-
g
raphic dra wings i
nto three-
d
imensiona l form. Article onp age
s
42
-43 exp la
ins h ow.
 n
ews
d
i
gest
r
-N
c
oup led t
o a n a mpl
ifie
r and thus the

P
ROJECTS
K
I
T
SA
N
DP
A
R
T
S
AB
AG O
F WORMS
u
nit wil
l respond o nly to afai
rly fas
t
'
I
t's ar ea
l b ag of w orms ' s ays N obel c
hange i np hoto-cel
l li
ght output.
P
r
ize w inne r W i
llard L ibby , a bout the Movement c aused by slow changes in
r
e
su ltso f recent i nvestiga t
ions i n
to the ambient tempe rature or bu
ilding .
v
a
lid ity o fc arbon 1 4 dating t echnique s
. s
t
res seswi
ll n otc ause the a
larm to
For t he inve s
tigations , carried o ut E
.
T
.1—CONCER
T H
A
LL S
O
UND
o
pera te
. 2 speaker boxes, 4 watt i
nc
luded
b
y c hem istJ ohn A nde r
son ( and Good value. Co mp
lete s
et r
eady to
i
ndependent ly checked b y t he U S go
, $20.00. $2
.00 p+p , NSW $1
.00
.
THE SQUARE ROOT O
F TWO
A
tom ic E nergy C omm ission ) indicate E
.
T
.2—"GR
EEN
ER G
R
ASS"—MO
ISTUR
E
t
hat r adioactive s ubstance sd o not For r
easons which es
cape us Dr
. M
ET
ER
n
ece ssarily d ecay atc onstant r ates J
acques D utka o
f Columbia Univer
sity (
For dr
ier sand ' use umbrel
la ) C
orn
u
na ffected b y external c ond itions. h
asc a
lculated t
he square r
oot of t
wo, p
lete kit inc
lud ing me ter
, box, al
l
p
arts
. $
18.40. p+p 50c.
I
fD r. Ande rson's finding sa re t
o one mil
lion dec
ima l p
lace
s.
s
ustained al otof p hysics t ext b ooks The computer pr
intout beg
ins: E
.
T
.3—CURR
ENT L
I
MIT
ER
a
red ue f o
r h asty rew rit
ing . 1
.41421356237309504880168872 (
Ant
i slow
-up g
adget) co mp
l. h ea
t-
s
ink a
l
l parts $7
.85
. p4
- p 30c
.
e
tc
. etc
.,
5
00,000 R
PM E
.
T
.4—A
.D.U
. "
N
ew S
o
und f
o
r G
u
i
tar"
Co mp!
. kit w
ith b oard
, switches
, etc
.
SCIENT IF IC S LEUTHS Only n eed screwdriver/
iron. $26.30
.
P+P $ 1.00, NS W 70c.
B
r
itish detective s are c ur rently FM CONVERS ION UN IT, ALL PARTS
e
valuating an umbe r o f s cient if
ic AVAILABLE ( co mplain to Radio Con
.
t
rol Board, ask for FM B roadcast i
n
d
evicesa imed a ti nc rea s
ing t heir Austra
lia).
c
r
ime s o
lving e fficiency .
S
ystems i nc
lude ah olog raph ic E
.
T
.5—V
ARI W
IP
ER—
A beaut for bad weather. Co mplete
method o f reco rding f oo tp rints — k
i
t i
ncl
. p
.c. board
, r
e
lays
, e
tc.
$
16.70 w
ith p
ower SCR output
f
lux-gate gradiome te rsf or l ocating $
16.70. P •P 3 0c
.
b
uried g uns and o the r m etallic o b
jects
—a nd au nique me thod o f l ocat
ing E
MERG
ENC
Y F
L
ASHER
The L
i
fe S aver
. C
o mp
lete i
n b ox
b
u r
ied c orpses. w
ith l
a mp, e
tc $28
.10. P •P $
1.00,
T
he b ody d etec tor i sa n i nfra-red NSW 50c.
t
herma l image r t hat s ense s t he
E
.
T
.6—
THIE
F T
R
AP
d
ifference i nr adiation b etween W
ill g
ive t he P o
lice more wo rk a nd
r
ecen t
ly d i
sturbed a nd u nd isturbed y
ou a g ood sleep. Co mp!. ki
t i ncl
.
b
ox, keyswitch, p
.c
. b
oard, etc
.
s
oil
. Sim i
lar r adiation i sa lso p roduced $
32.71. P+13 $ 1
.75, NS W $
1.00.
An u
ltra-high-speed mo to r des
igned by the decompo sing b ody . Magnet
ic s w
itches a s reco m mended
$
1.95
t
oo perate con t
inuous ly a tspeeds up Another system u sed f o r the s ame
t
o5 00,000 r pm h as been d eveloped p
urpo se, uses al ow f requency a coust
ic E
.
T
.1—BA
LANC
E M
E
TER
.
b
y Japan's Hitach i L td. sweep gene rato r mechan ica lly c oupled K
it c
o mp
lete $
11.99
. P P 3
0c.

T
he mo tor has b een d eveloped t
o t he g
round . T he o scil
la tor i sswept E
.
T
.8 — (
I
fyo
u h
a
ve ah
e
ada
che
, i
fyo
u
p
r
ima rily for m icro-calibre b or
ing t
hrough af requency r ange f rom af ew h
a
ve apa
in ..)
e
quipment u sed i nthe manu facture Hertz to about 3 00 H z.
E
.
T
.9—LOG
IC I
CPOW
ER S
U
PPL
Y
o
f pr
inted c i
rcu it boa rds, fuel D
isturbed s o
il c ause s ar esonan t peak
(
Digita
l projec
t c
om ing u p 7
1?) A
.C.
t
oa ppear int he o the rw ise f l
at response. Board, IC
., al
l p
arts. 121
.93.
i
n
jection n ozzle se tc
.
Externally p ressurized a ir bearing
s E
.
T
.10—A
F S
I
GNA
L G
E
NERA
TOR
e
l
im inate rotationa l fr
ic t
ion . HUNG U
P TRA
IN (
A p rof. d ev
ice you c ouldn'
t afford
before
.) Co mp
!. ki
t inc
l. p.c
. board.
The 5 0 Watt u n
it i sdriven b y an M agne t
ic lev
itation o f tra
ins i sbeing power su pp
ly, etc
. $24.56. P •P 50c.
8
400 H z supply. s
tud ied b y C a
liforn ia'sStanfo rd Without p ower supply $19.90. S
ine•
wave o nly $19.90
.
R
e sea rch I nst
itute.
The s tudy, unde rtaken f or the U S F
AMOU
S S
T
EREO H
E
ADPHON
ES
L
ASER F
IRE ALARM D
ep t o f Transporta tion, aims at S
ave $ 2.00 o r even $ 3
.00 . Nor mal
ly
$
6.95 —now o nly $ 4.95. Only th
is
Ag a
ll
ium a rsen
ide l a
ser beam i sused p
rov id ing as afe
, s mooth, p o
llution- month w i
th y our o rder f or $10.00 or
more y ou c an b uy t he h eadphones
t
od etec tfi
res in au nique a larm system f
r
ee me thod o f transpo rt
. f
or the u nbeatab le p r
ice, $ 3.95, t
he
I
n
it ially, the Ins
t itute wil
l i n
vestigate unbeatable p rice. $ 3
.95 ( your n ot
d
eve loped b y B r
itain's Fire R esearch d
runk?). T ech, d etai
ls i ssue 1 & 2 .
S
ta tion. t
he p roblems i nvolved i nt he le
vitat-
The laser beam i sdirected a cros
st he i
on o f heavy mov ing m asses by
r
oom , some i nches below c e
iling s
upe rconduc t
ing magne t
s.

AN
E
C
h
eight , and i sre
ceived b y ap hoto-
d
iode mounted b ehind am atr
ix
boa rd inw hich the h oles are roughly U
LTIMATE S
UCCESS S
TORY?
e
qua l indiame ter to the laser beam.
Af i
re w i
ll cause at empe ra ture Our London cor
respondent t e
lls u
s
t
hat aBrit
ish company s pecia
lis
ing in
g
r adien t inthe room , t h
is cause sa
r
ef ractive index gradien t w hich in
m
iniatur
iza t
ion o
fe lec
tron ic as
semblies E
LECTRON
ICS
h
as been sosucce
ssful that ithashad 3
72 SYDNEY ROAD ,
t
u rn w il
l cause the b eam t o b e BALGO WLAH, 2093.
deflected d ownwa rd. t
o move into sma
ller p
rem ises
.
PHONE: 9
4 1766
The p hotod iode isc apacitively

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 1
1
 n
ews
d
i
gest

T
IVERPOOL S
234
6 -3
049 2
C
OMMUN
ICAT
ION I
NSTALLAT
IONS

L
RO M
An ew c ompany , special
ising i nthe

7 -2
o
utside i n
stal
lation wo rk assoc iated

F
UP
w
ith commun ications p rojec t
s

6
t
hroughout A ustralasia and S outh

JUST
CO
C
e)
E
a s
t A s
ia, has recently b een
e
stabl
ished i nS ydney .
M
r. Colin E. R obinshaw , f ounde r o
f
t
he new c ompany h asc onside rab le
e
xpe r
ience i nal f i
elds o f commun ica-
t
ions inE ast Africa. Among h is
p
revious o perat
ions h ave been t he
E
a rth Satel
lite Station i nthe R i
f t
Val
ley, the K ampa la t roposphe r
ic
s
catter terminal, and t he B ondwa
VHF s tat
ion i nt he Uluguru mounta ins
.

O
PTICAL C
OMPUTER M
EMORY 7Instrumenta tion R ecorde r t
he I nter
-
Un
ive rs
ity Institute of Engineering
A n o pt
ical memo ry with ap ack ing
C
ont rol at Warw ick University
, n ear
d
ensity o f 1 50 m i
llion b i
ts per squa re
C
ovent ry, England , has b
een a b
le t o
URNTABLES

i
nch h as b een p roduced b y H oneywe l
l
o
btain stat
istically va
lidated mode ls of
i
nt he U SA .
e
ngine a nd tr
ansm iss
ion s ystems t o
The memo ry i sformed f rom a
p
rovide ap recise m athema tica
l ana lysis
mangane se b i
smuth f i
lm s tr
ip o n
to
o
f the loading requirement s and
which d ata i sen tered b y ra
is
ing t he
d
ynam ic per
fo rmance u nde r a
l s ervice
t
empe ratu re of s ma l
l ar eas of the film
T

c
ond it
ions.
a
bove i t
s C urie p o
in t and t hus c reating
l
ocally magne t
ized a reas. The recorder is mounted in aful
ly

L
ad
W r
iting i sd one w ith ah e
lium -neon i
nst
rumented s a
loon . Parameters
l
a
se r w hich h a
s ap owe r o utput o f les
s monitored include prope l
ler s
haft
t
han f i
ve m il
liwa t
ts. t
orque , p
ropeller shaft s
peed, f
uel f
low
,
w
o
k The s ame l a
ser b eam ( operating a t manifold vacuum , throt
tle opening
r
educed p owe r) i sused t o read t he a
nd b rake
-line pressures
.
d
ata. S
ignals f
rom al
l tr
ansduce rsa re
At p resen t reading a nd w r
iting d a
ta b
rought to as
ignal condition ing u n
it
r
ate i sb e
lieved t o be about o ne mounted on awooden s he l
f w hich
megahe rtz with 3 0 millisecond a ccess r
eplacesthe r
ear s
eat of t he ca
r. T he
t
ime . r
ecorder i
sst
rapped t o this shelf.

T
EKTRONIX P
ROGRAMMABLE The system has s
hown its
elf t
o be
C
ALCULATORS v
ery r e
l
iable a
nd tofunction well
d
espite rough veh
icle motions. The
Tekt
ron ix's product r ange has n ow f
l
ut ter compensat
ion te
chn ique on
e
xpanded t o inc
lude p rogrammab le t
he ANA -LOG 7h as b
een o f g
reat
d
esk ca
lcu lato rs for s
cienti
fic, and b
ene fit i
nel
iminating s
purious output
e
ngineering a pplications. s
i
gna ls.
By it
s acquisition o f C
intra Inc., o
f
The data collected b y the ANA -LOG
C
alifo
rnia , Tekt ronix Inc. wi
ll
ETTER

7isanalysed o n a n S OS Series9 0/2

manufacture a nd d evelop the forme r
c
ompute r
. S pecial programme s p
rovide
C
intra product r ange under it
s own
r
ea
l-time s t
atistical analysis
, d ata
b
rand name .
EAL" B
AND

The Aus t
ralian C ompany e xpe cts r
educ t
ion a nd p lott
ing of re corded
r
oad-test in
fo rma tion. O ne- and
d
emon stration u nit
s and technical
N H

d
ata to be availab le l
ocal
ly int he near t
wo-dimen s
iona l probab il
ity
GOOD D

d
istr
ibutions e stablish wo rking
ASH I

f
uture
.
p
atterns, and f urther use ism ade o
f
V
EHICLE D
ATA R
ECORDER f
requency s pec tra and regres s
ion
a
nalysis te
chn ique s.
ITH C

Research into automo tive powe r

O A "

u
nitsh as always presented diff
icu lt The p ro
jec t has been ba
sed e nti
rely
p
roblems f or the re
search scientist. o
n a nalogue d ata col
lect
ion s o asto
T
he t r
aditional bench t e
st provide s ma
inta in the max imum f l
ex ib
il
ity i n
W
OU D

a
n app roxima ted simulation of w ork- a
pplica t
ion. All the necessary analogue
i
ng conditions and, therefore, research t
od igital conversions of the co
llected
i
sh ampe red w hen resu
ltsa re obtained d
ata i scar
ried o ut inthe c ompute r
.
Y

b
y t h
is m ethod. I
nadd
ition t
o i
mprovement of
With the advent of Phil
ips ANA -LOG e
x
ist
ing eng
ine
s, t
he r
esu
lts a
re d
irec
tly

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
1
2
 s
a
ving y
our money
i
swha
tth e
A
t D
i
dkk
ck Smi
th (Wholesale) P
ty. L
td
., s
pec
ial
ists i
n E
l
ect
ron
ic
C
omponents a
t w holesale ra
tes
.
E
XAMPLE S
PEAKERS
i
-Watt carbon f
i
lm res
isto
rs 4c each (No
! Y
ou 7
" x5
" 4
-ohm $
4.50
d
on't h
ave to b
uy 2
50,000 fo
r t
his pr
ice — j
u
st
o
ne.
) 6
" Round, i
nchrome
C
ARTRIDGE T APES g
ri
lle (
door moun
ting)
B
lank 64 M
in. 8
-ohm $
14.00 p
a
ir
$
3.25
H
ead Cleaner $
2.95
C
ASSETTE
U
.S. I
mported C
60 $
1.99
H
ead Cleaner $
2.95
C
AR B URGLAR A LARM C OMPONENTS a
l
l 4
1 q a
1
2-Vo
lt r e
lays $
1.60 _

K
ey Swi
tch , w
ith s
ta
inless s
t
eel c
over
a
nd two keys $5
.90
1
2-Vo
lt E l
ectr
ic Gong $
13.50
1
2-Vo
lt Siren $
12.50
D
oor Switches (
each
) $1.00
R
eal
ist
ic C
ommun
ica
tion R
ece
ive
r $234.00 o
r
C
AR R ADIO A ER
IALS
T
erms f
rom $
3.00 pe
r week
S
ta
inless s
teel t
hree s
ection $
2.27
4
f
t. Lock Down (i
ncl
. keys) $
3.25 A
l
l e lec
tron
ic suppl
ies at wholsa
le p r
ices —
8
f
t. Super Range L
ock $
6.25 r
es
istors, c
apac
ito
rs, t
rans
isto
rs, valves
, et
c.
CAR RADIO F
ibreg
lass pr
inted circu
it P
arts in s tock f or a
l
l
7
-Trans
istor, 2-d
iode push b
utton w
ith b
oard 1 oz
. 1/16" 6 "x3" c
onstruc
tion a r
tic
les i
n
$
1.27, 6"x6" $2.00
. t
h
is magaz ine.
t
one contro
l ( i
nc. l
a
rge 7
" x5 "speaker
L
arge s tock of Neosid 220mfd 10 volt elec
tro
and s
upp ression $
49.00
f
ormers 1
5c
V
.H.F
. Plugs (
PL259) 0A91 Diodes 25c
9
8c each BC 107 Tran. 45c
EM 404 Diodes = 4 5c
B
el
ling L
ee P
lugs (
Coax) S
tereo Headphones f r
om
3
0c each $6
.75
A
del N
ibb
ling T
ool $
7.20 WINDSCREEN W IPER D E
-
LAY K
IT, I
NCLUD ING
_
l
abe
l K
nobs f
rom 1
9c RELAY =$17.25
Too
ls MAIL ORDERS WELCOME .
Afull supp
ly of s
pecia
lis
t SEN D CHEQUE OR
e
lectron
ic too
ls always in MONEY ORDER , A LLOW
s
tock. FOR POSTAGE .

• On
ly 2 00 y ards f
rom St
. L eonards S
tat
ion
• Ample p ark
ing in rear yard
• Open S aturday morning
• E
lectron
ic c omponent special
ist

D
yna
tron
ic 8
-
track
, a
utoma
tic c
ar s
t
ereo $
59
(
.00
Reta
ils $
119
.00
)
D
I
C
K S
M
IT
H (
W
HO
LES
ALE
) P
T
Y
. L
T
D
.
2S
peakers
, t
o s
u
it a
bove $
12.00 1
0 ATCHISON
R
ESISTORS S
TREET,
f-
Wat
t imported c
arbon f
i
lm 4
c e
ach S
T. L
EONARDS.
-
Waf
t Phi
lips 8
c e
ach
P
HONE
I
NSTRUMENT CASE 4
3 1
414
Mode
l A
TC P 7
" x5" x4
1
-" $
3.75
0F2397/FP
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 1
3
 n
ews
1
0
W. S
T
E
RE
K
I
T
-
O A
S
ET
M
PL
IF
IE
R
d
i
gest
$
61.50 i
nf
luencing plans fo
r the deve
lopment E
LCOMA
o
f hybrid p
e t
rol/e
le ct
ric v
ehicle
sa t
Warwick Univers
ity and fo
r the develop
- P
hil
ip s I ndus tries H o
lding s Limited
ment ofel
ec t
ronic ign
ition and pet
rol h
a s formed an ew i ndependen td iv
ision
i
n
jection s
ystems . t
rading u nde r t he n ame o f E lcoma ,
t
oh and le t he s upp ly o f elect ronic
d
evice sa nd c omponent s
.
T
RIAC — 3
00 AMP
T
he se a ctivitie s h ave previous ly b een
-
1
( FACIL ITIES : A3 00 amp tr
iac with 1,200 v
olt c
arried o ut b y P h
ilip s
' M iniwat t
* Push-bu tton Sw itch ing — fac i
lities b
lock
ing v o
ltage isdue for r
e
lease b
y
f
or 3 i nputs ( Mag., A ux.
, C er.)
. E
lec tron ics D iv ision a nd Mu llard-
Mono -Stereo s witch a nd ma ins M
itsubish
i. The new t r
iac i
sra
ted fo
r Australia P ty. L im ited.
switch.
u
se w
ith inductive lo
ad s
. E
lcoma w i
ll s upp ly electron ic devices
* Tape-out f acilit
ies .
* F
ully r egulated p ower s upply. a
nd c omponent s to Gove rnmen ts,
* Magne tic p re
-a mp . f ac
ilities. N
EW S
TANDARD F OR E
LECTR
ICAL i
ndus try, d i
stributo r
s, w holesa lers
* S
tereo h eadphone j ack. a
nd r etaile rs. El coma i slocated a t
* Co mplete e lectron ics o n t he o ne
M
EASURING I
NSTRUMENTS
P
.C . board. P
hil
ip s' n ew o ffice sa t9 5-99 Y o
rk
The S tanda rds A ssoc iation a nnounce s
* Austral
ian made — u sing s tand - S
treet, S ydney .
* a
rd p arts. publ icat ion o f A us tralian S tanda rd
The d ivision 's t echn ical a pplications
I
n * B
ass a
nd t
reb
le f
aci
lit
ies
. 1024 , D irec t R eco rding E lect r
ica l
l
abora tor ies, e nginee r
ing s ervicesa nd
Mea sur ing I nstrument s a nd t heir
b
ulk s tores w i
ll b e at2 0 H erbe rt
* BRE AKD O WN: Acce sso r
ie s.
S
t
ree t, A rtarmon .
MAGNET IC PRE AMP : This c omp rehens ive s tanda rd r eplaces
B
ased o n a ve
ry ci
rcu it taken f
ro m The d ivision w ill b e lo
ca ted a tt he
d
esigner
's handbook. U
ses BC108s C54 -1930 a nd a pplie s to i nstrument s P
hil
ip s o ffice s i no the rcap ital cit
ies.
a
nd BC109s.
s
uch a sa mme te rs, v o
ltme ters, single-
PRE-AMPL
IFIER
:
Taken f
ro m 1
15 unit
, t
h
is s
ect
ion pha se a nd p olypha se m e te rs
, v arme ters,
u
ses matched FETS
. phaseme tersa nd p owe r fa ctor m ete rs
,
PO WER AMPL IFIER : F
UEL I
N
JECT
ION
Based o n t
he Mu l
lard 1 0 -I
- 1
0. A
f
requency m ete rs, a nd o hmme tersw h
ich
wel
l-proven ci
rcuit i ndeed. a
re u sed f or r eco rd ing t he i n
stan taneous , An ew el
ect ronic fue
l i n
jection sys
tem
REGULATED PO WER SUPPLY
: e
ffec t
ive a nd m ean v alue so f o ne o r c
la
imed t oh ave fi
ve t imes le
ss compo -
Once a ga
in b
ased on t
he Mul
lard
c
ircu
it. mo re measured q uan t
ities a s af unc tion n
en ts than the VW /Bo sch u n
it of
CABINET :. o
f t ime . T he s tanda rd r e
fe rs to strip
, E
lm ira, New Y ork
. T he u n
it, which is
Beaut
ifully fi
nished i n black spatter
.
F
ront p
anel extruded a
lu m
iniu m
d
rum a nd d isc r eco rd ing i ns
trument s p
r
ima ri
ly intended f or current U S
w
ith a lu m
iniu m k nobs. a
nd t hose i nstrumen ts w hich v
ehicles isunde rgoing t e
sts for Fede
ral
S
ize: 1 5" x 1 0" x 3r .
i
nco rpo ra te r ectifie rs ord iode sa nd the em
is s
ion standa rds certif
ication.
s
hunt s
, s erie s r esisto rs, indica to r
s a nd
* SPE CIF
I C AT
I ONS
:
c
apac ito rs u sed w ith s uch a ppa ratus.
* P
ower: l
O W RMS p
er c
hanne
l I
n
to
* 8 o
hm speakers
. I
ta lso d eals w ith s uch me t
te rsa s V
IDEO C
ASSETES — S
TOP P
RESS
D
istor
tion
: B
etter t
han 0
.8 % a
t f
u
ll c
lassifica tion , p e rm issible i n
trinsic
o
utput. I
n asurpr
ise move C BS has ju
st
e
rro rs, p e rm is s
ib le v ariations o f l
i
cenced H itachi
, Matsushita, M
itsubish
i
* F
req
. R
esponse
: -
1
-3dB 4
5hZ — 2
0khZ
.
B
ass Response
: @ 3
0hZ B
oos
t 1
5dB
,
r
eco rd ing i nst rumen t sa nd a
nd T oshiba to p
roduce EVR s ystems
C
ut 19dB. c
ons truc tiona l r equ iremen t s
. f
ore xport to t
he USA . Lloyd Singer
,
* T
reb
le Response
: @ 1
0khZ B
oos
t C
op ie s o f AS 1 024 may b e obtained v
ice
-p re
sident of Motorola Inc
. says
* 1
2dB, C
ut 1 3dB
.
f
rom t he v arious o ffice so f t he t
hat hiscompany i nturn w i
ll e
xpo rt
S
tanda rds A s soc iation f or $ 4 each. t
oJ apan.
* PRI CES:
* K
IT FORM
: $
61.50
. W
ired a
nd T
est
-
.
* e
d $72
.
K
IT FORM: With Magne
tic Pre
-A mpl
i-
f
i
er: $
64. Wired and T
ested
: $ 74
.50.
Exc
lus
ive p
icture s
ho w
s Rank EVR s
yste m i
n u
se.
F
REIGHT: R
egis
tered P
arce
l P
ost
a
dd $2
.

* D
ESPATCH: A
ll o rde
rs a re r e
ceived at 9
* a
.m. a
t the P.O
. a nd despatched t o m
eet
* t
he 1p .m
. c
learance the same d a
y. This
4 g
i
ves you a4-hour serv
ice.
P
OSTAGE
: A dd 15c p
ack-post fe
e t
o a
l
o
r
ders
, unless s
t
ated o
therwise
.
Q
UALITY: Al
l ou
r p ar
ts a
re n
ew and f
u
lly
* g
uar
anteed
. N o su
rplus o
r r
e
jec
ts.
C
ATALOGUE; N
ow a
va
ilab
le. S end SAE f
or
s
ame. Many n
ew p
a
rts
. P lease s
end 9 x 4
e
nve
lope w
ith 9
c s
t
amp.

MAIL OR DERS DEPT .

:
BOX 1
76, P
.O.
, DEE WHY
, NS W 2099
SALES DEPT .
:
* SU
ITE 2
. No. 21 Oaks Ave
. D ee Why
* (
50 y
ards fro m t
he D ee Why P .O
.)
P
hone : 982 5
571

14 ELEC T R O NI CS T O D A Y — JU L Y 1
971
w
ho n
eeds
40wat
ts E
Obv
ms?
ious
ly, fr
om t he demand f
or I
t measures o
nly 1
E" x 93
4 "x9
/ " T
hese two fn
e Br
itish speaKer
b
ut h
as a c
onserva
tive
ly quo
ted s
ystems a
te r
epresenta
tive of
t
he Wharfeda
le " Roseda
le",
many music lovers have t
h
is f
r
equency r
esponse of 6
5 — t
he W ,
'
-aifsda
le r
ange; you c
an
s
ubs
tan
tia
l a
cous
tic p
ower 1
7,000 Hz
. T h
is covers every h
ear t
ne rn al
l a
t your f
ranch
ised
r
equirement
. F
ew speaker musica
l ins
tru men
t, every over
tone
. S
i mon Gray dea
ler
. When y ou
s
ystems can h
andle 4
0 watts d
o, li
sten -o
r t
he musical
W
ith a s
pec
ial
ly d
esignec
R
.M.S. — and on
ly a h
andful d
o t
ransparency t
hat i
dent
if
ies
"Del
taflex" surround for the 8"
i
t we
ll
. F or s
heer p ower handling Wharfeda
le — for t
h
is in
targib
le
b
ass/ mid-range s peaker, the q
uali
ty is t
he r
eason f
or
c
apac i
ty — f ree o
f c o
lourat
ion
major problem o f smal
l Wharfeda
le's i
n
terna
tional s
uccess
.
— the Wha rfedale "Rosedale"
e
nclosures ...c one break-up
l
eads this se
lect group of high
...h as been s olved by
q
ual
ity s
peaker s
ystems
. Wharfedale s ound engineers. S
i m m Grey P
ty. Ltd.
,
28 E
lizabe
th Street
,
W
ith it
s 15" bass reproducer The speake r on
ly reproduces the MelboJrne
_ 3000

c
omp le
tely i
so
la ted from t
he 5" s
ignal fed to it— a nd t
he P
lease s eed me deta
ils o
f t
he
m
id-range speaker a nd t
he 1" r
esult is c
lean b ass reg
isters Whrwfec a
le s
peaker r
ings,
par
t calsr
ly the
h
igh pressure t weeter, the a
nd a ccurate " presence" in t
he
NAP.
"Rosedale" h as an ef
fec tive m
id-range . As epa ra
te 1" tweete
r
ADDRESS
f
requency r ange of 35 — 2 0,000 handles al
l lotes a nd sounds
Hz
. Natural
ly i t
's aglorious piece over 1750 Hz. P ower ra
ting of • POSTC ODE
•
o
f fu
rniture wh
ich w
ill g
race any t
he "
Den
ton" i
s 1
5 wa
tts R
.M.S
.
t
astefu
l domest
ic e
nvironment
.
Measuring 24" x 2 3" x 1 31
2 "
/ ,
f
i
nishes a va
ilable i nc
lude o i
led
t
eak a nd po
lished wa lnut. The
Wharfedale "Roseda le" wil
l
complemen t the highes t quali
ty
ampl
ifiers and signa l sources.
B
ut you li
ve in afl
at! Don
't worry
— you've no
t b een neglected by
Whar
fedale. The " Denton", a
b
ookshel
f compact, h
as been
d
esigned s
pec
ifica
lly f
or y
ou.

ki
T
AT
Easy s
ound t
o l
i
ve w
ith
.
SO W-371

A
u
str
al
ian N
a
tio
nal D
i
s
tr
ibu
tor
s:

t
ER
,c
3, N
.
V
T
.: P
iand
tli
ne
S
y
rs M
ts
I
NTERSTATE R

ic H
dney G
. i
ouse
, S
ughos
m
, 1
i
54
EPIESENTAT

th S
te
•158 A
l D
IVES

a wn T
rt. S
t
, N
e
:

l 3
ew F
80
am
1
. B
r
isbane 5
8 1
422
A
H
ead O f
ice 28 El
i
zabeth St
.
, M e
lbou rne. V
ic
. Tel
. 63 810
1 •T elex
. 3
1904
S
ydney Ofice 53 Vi
ctor
ia Are
., Chatswood, IS
SN . Te
l. 40 4
522' T
as
.: I
tW M
cCu
lloch P
t
y L
t
d. S
i G
eorge S
t
ree
t, L
aw t
e
it, n l
e
t 25
322
C
anberra Ofi
ce 25 M o
long
lo M a
ll, Fyshwick A.C
.T. T
el. 9
5 6526 W
.A •A
tho
l M H
i
ll P
t
y. L
t
d. 6
13•6
15 W
el
ling
ton S
t
ree
t. P
e
rth T
e
l 2
1 7
861 W H ARFE DALE
A
dela
ide Ofice- 8
1 Tacca R
d ,S utc
life, S.
A. Te
l. 96 3
107

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 1
5
C
ondense
r L
ens 1 F
a
raday C
age

C
ondense
r A
per
ture C
ondense
r L
ens 2

I
l
umina
tion C
ondense
r
A
l
ignment S
tigmato
r

S
pec
i men H
olde
r
O
bjec
tive A
per
ture .
11
1
111 04 40
-;
:w
-
. —
.
I
ry a
Objec
tive -
S
t
igma tor
O
bjec
tive L
ens

D
i
ffract
ion
P
ro
jec
tor Aper
tu re
S
t
igmator
P
ro
jec
tor L
ens 1

P
ro
jec
tor L
ens 2

P
ro
jec
tor L
ens 3

H
igh R
esolu
tion
S
hut
ter D
i
ffrac
tion
S
tage

B
eam S
top
S
creens
P
l
ate o
r
C
ut F
i
lm
C
amera

TV
"
, 1
—
Fluo
rescent
TV C
ame
ra S
creen
 M
i
ll
ion '
v
olt
E
l
ect
ron M
icro
scope
A
s t he t heo ret
ica l r esolving p owe r
APERTURE
v
aries a s the t hree f ourths p owe r o f
t
he w aveleng th t h
is g ive s at heo retical
r
esolu t
ion o
f app rox ima tely o
ne
AP
I I
L
IU M a
ng strom ( wh ich i sa pp roxi ma tely t he
d
iame ter of an atom ).
E
lect rons a ccelera ted a t high v o
ltage
i
nterac t le
ss s trongly w ith ma tter than

1
1 E
LECTRON R
EAM
t
ho
h
a
se a
s an
cce
le
umbe
rated a
r o f a
t l ow v
dvantage
oltage
s inc
s. T
lud
his
ing
t
he g rea ter p enetra t
ion o f s peci mens ,
r
educed s pec i men d amage u nde r mo st
working conditions , and h
ighe r
p
rac t
ica l r
esolution of s
peci mens
I
n the t
rans m
iss
ion elect
ron microscope
, e
lectrons pe
rform t
he which a re t oo t hick f or s atisfactory
s
a me r
ole t
hat l
ight r
ays do i
n an opt
ica
l un
it. imaging a t lowe r voltage s.

O
NE M
ILL
ION V
OLTS

T
he r esolving p owe r o f a ny Th
is in
stru ment, b
ui
lt inG e
rmany by One of t he mo s t advanced e lectron
micro scope h as a n a bso lute l imit Kno
ll a nd R uska, u sed a b eam o
f m
ic roscope s i n t he wo r
ld i st he AE I
wh ich i s r ough ly e qua l t o t he e
l
ectrons to i luminate the spec
imen
. o
ne m ill
ion v o
lt i nstrument i lustrated
w
ave leng th o f t he r ad iation emp loyed . The e l
ectron '
radia t
ion ' wh ich i s i
nt his a
rtic
le .
This l im its t he r eso lution o f o p t
ica l s
ca ttered b y the s pecimen i sf ocussed The c omp lete i nst
rument wh ich i s
m
ic ro scope s t o a bout h alf a m ic ron b
y a magne tic lens o nto a f l
uo rescent o
ve r 2 0 f t
. h igh c onsists o f t he
(
5000 a ng stroms ) — a bout 4 000 t o s
creen o r pho tograph ic p late
. e
lectron m
ic roscope c
olumn a
nd
5
000 t ime s t he d iame te r o f mo st Early t
rans m iss ion e
lectron c
on trol desks, ah igh v o
ltage g enerator
a
toms . T his i s af undamenta l b a rr
ie r, microscope s u
sed accelerating a
nd e lect
ron a ccele rator; a nd an u mber
i
nhe rent i nt he n ature o f light i t
se lf. potent ia
ls o f a f ew t housand v olts, o
f a uxil
iary u nits t o p rov ide a nd
The o nly w ay t o o btain g rea ter however i t w as r e a
lised t hat t he c
on trol var
ious s ervices such a s wa ter
,
r
esolut ion i s t o u se r adiat ion o f a wave length o f the e lectrons d ecreased v
acuum , comp ressed a
i
r, a
nd
wavelength s horte r t han t hat o f v i s
ib le a
s t he a ccelerating p otential w as m
isce l
laneous e l
ec trical supp l
ie s.
l
i
ght . i
n creased a nd some o f the l a
te st units The h igh v o
ltage g ene rato r i s a
A f ew o ptical m ic roscopes h ave i n ope rate at 1000kV . mult i-stage Cockcroft - Wa lton
f
act been produced wh ich u
se
u
ltrav iole t l i
ght t o i lum inate t he
s
pec imen , b ut e ven t hese h ave a
r
esolut ion on
ly tw
ice t
hat o
f
c
onven tiona l o ptical i nstrument s.
I
f i t we re p o
ssib le t o u se X -rays i n
p
lace o f l ight, t he r eso lution c ou ld b e
imp roved h undreds o f t ime s
, b ut
unfo rtunate ly n o o ne h as f ound aw ay
t
o c onst ruct l ense s a nd o the r o pt
ica l
Ad
component s wh ich c an b e u sed f or
wave lengths i n t he X -ray r egion ( f
rom
1000 a ngs troms t o 0 .001 a ngs trom )
.
For many y ears t his s e emed t o b e a n
absolute b arrier t o m ic ro scopy a nd

1
111
1
101
1
1
111
man 's a bility t o g athe r r eal
ly d etailed
in
fo rmat ion a bout s ma l
l s truc ture s.
Then i n 1 927 D av isson a nd G erme r
of t
he B e
ll T e
lephone C ompany
p
ub l
ished t heir p ape r c onfirm ing t he
wave n ature o f t he e lec tron , a nd t h
is Three e
lectron microscope picture
s of t
he s
a me s
pecimen area ofone-micron
l
ed f ive y ears l ate r t o t he f i
rs t t
hick sperm ta
il
. T he p
ictures were t
aken wi
th accelerat
ing vo
ltages o
f 100k V
,
t
r
ansm is s
ion e lec tron m icroscope . 500k V
, and 1000k V.

LEFT : Th
is e
xp loded view sho w
s the m ain E
lect
rons
, a
cce
lerated b
y am
il
lion v
olt
s, rlace l
ep i
gh
t
f
eatures o
f t
he 9 f
t. h
igh colu mn of AEI
's
mi
llion vo
lt e
lectron microscope.
r
a
ys i
nth
e w
or
ld'
s m
ost p
owe
rfu
l m
ic
ros
cope
s
 M
i
llion-vo
lt
E
l
ectron M
icro
scope
multiplier e nclosed i n a t ank a nd
i
nsula ted b y su
lphur h exa f
luo ride ga s
.
The a ccelerator, e l
ectron g un a nd
s
tabilizing r es
istors a re h oused i n a
s
imila r vessel moun ted d irectly o ver
t
he m icroscope. c olumn . T he h igh
v
oltage g enerato r is coupled t o t he
a
cce lerator b y asurge-
lim it
ing r es
isto r
.
The o utput f r
om t he a ccelerator
p
rov ide s a max imum s t
abilized b eam
c
ur rent o f 1 00 m icroamp s a nd, i n
a
dd ition, an u nstabi
lized supp ly o f up
t
o 2 00 m icroamp s i s available f o
r
i
rad ia t
ion e xper
imen ts
.

T
HE C
OLUMN
A p owe r
fu l f i
rst c ondense r l ens is
u
sed t o reduce t he s ource s i
ze, and a n
a
symme tr
ical p robe -fo rm ing s econd
c
ondense r l
ens controls t
he
i
lum ina t
ion i ntens ity.
The m inimum s po t s ize a t t he
s
pecimen p l ane i sa pprox ima te
ly 0 .5
m
icrons , but t
he s
i
ze o
f t
he
i
lum ina ted a rea c an b e increased u p t
o
t
he d iame te r o f t he s pec imen g r
id i f
r
equired .
T
he i lumina tion i ntens ity, w hich i s
monito red b y aF araday c age l ocated
j
ust below t he f i
rstc ondense r lens, can
be o p
tim ized b y e lec t
rical a l
ignmen t
o
f t he e l
ec tron b eam b etween t he
a
ccelera tor a nd t he c ondense r sy stem.
B
eneath t he s econd c ondense r l e
ns is

T
he cont
rol d
esks and microscope colu mn
o
f t
he AEI mi
llion
-volt e
lectron microscope.

The lett
-hand c ontro lpanel c ontains a l
l the faci
lities for voltage s
elect
ion, magn i
ficat ion
, a nd f
ocus ing, a
s
well as f
or a
ligning the electron b ea m a s i
tleaves t h€ accelerator
. On t he r
i ght
-hand p anelare the cont rol
s for
a
ligning the microscope i n the d ark orb r
ight field modes o fo peration
, for select
ing a nd c
entring the
apertures, a
nd f or operating the c a mera syste m
. On t he extreme r i
ght is afault i
nd icator panel
.
The part of the spec
imen wh ich isu nder o bservation i sdisplayed o n t
he circular indicator in f
ront o f t
he
v
iew ing windo w wh ile the specimen r otation, controlled electrical
ly by push -buttons mounted o n the centre
panel, i
si nd
icated b y the rotating b ezel
. T he angle o f ti
lt about the two axes isdisp layed on digita
lc ounters
U
.S. MICROSCOPIST I
N
A
USTRAL
IA

I
n a r
ecent v
i
sit t
o Aus
tra
lia
,
P
rof essor Dona ld F . P arsons o f t he
Ro swe ll P ark Memor ia l I n stitute a t
Buf falo, New Y ork, h ad d iscus sions
w
i th t op Aus tra lian s cient ists a bout
h
igh v ol tage e l ectron m icroscopy .
P
rof essor P ar sons , who h as r ecent ly
b
een i nvo lved i n t he p urchase o f a n
A
.E .I. , 1.2 million v
olt e l ectron
mic roscope , g ave a t alk a t t he B ritish
H
igh C omm i ssion' s O ffice i n S ydney
i
n w hich h ed escr ibed h ow h isr esearch
on t he s tructure o fc ancer c el lsh ad l ed
t
o a r equ irement f or i ncrea sing ly
h
ighe r e lect ron a cce lerat ing v oltages .
P
rof essor Par sons f
ound t
hat
i
ncoher ency o f t he i mage d ue t o
e
xce ssive i ne last ic s cat ter made a ny
a
ttempt t o o bta in t he e quiva lent o f
t
he li
ght optica l p hase c ont rast
micro scope i mpos sible a tc onvent iona l
a
cce lerat ing v o ltages . B yp assing t o 1 .2
Mev l es s i ne last ic s cat ter i s p resent
and, i n a dd i tion , t he r educt ion o f
e
lec tron w ave length c
auses t
he
f
ocus sing o r o bject ive l ens t o b ehave
more p erf ect ly w ith r espect t o p hase
cont ra st.
Prof es sor P arsons s howed h ow r aising
the e
lec t ron a
cce lerat ing vo
ltage
enab le s d ark f ield p hotographs t aken
a
t 1 .2MeV t o b e much s harper t han
c
o rrespond ing p
ictures t
aken on
c
onvent iona l m icroscope s.
Hea lso e xp la ined h ow i tw as p ossib le
t
o e xam ine who le p reparat ions o fc ells
i
n t he w et s tate a nd t o v iew t he
i
nte rna l s t ruc tures b y d ark f ie
ld
withou t t
he need f
or f
ixat ion
s
ection ing.
His r esearch p rogramme i nclude s a n
a
ttempt t o v isua lise l iving c ell
s i n t he T
his AEI mil
lion
-volt m
icroscope i
sinsta
lled a
t t
he Ato mic Energy Research
E
stab
li;P ment a
t Harwel
l i
n England f
or use i
n t
he meta
llurgical f
i
eld
.
h
igh v ol tage e lect ron m icroscope .

ab eam d eflector wh ich s erves t o ti

lt T
he o bject
ive a pe
rtu
re r od c ar
ries An e
lectr
ically o
perated c
amera
a
nd s hift t he e l ectron b eam f or t
hree a
pert
i.re
s a
nd i
s r emotely s
pec
ial
ly d eveloped f o
r the micro
scope
a
l
ignment p urposes
. I tc an p rov ide u p c
ont ro
lled from the desk fo r e
ase of c
an t ake u p to 4 8 e xposures on
t
o 1 '
/
s o f b eam t i
l t a t 1 000 k V f or i
n
te rchanging a
r
id c
entring t
he p
hotographic plates or cut f
ilm, up t
o
h
igh resolut
ion d ark- f
ie ld o peration . a
pertures. 4
" by 3 "
. T he ca mera chambe r h
as a
n
A
ir air
lock p ermits r eady a ccess t o The b eam - .hen p asses t hrough t he a
i
r-
lock s o that p
lates can be removed
t
he specimen a nd the m ic roscope h as a t
hree l e
ns p ro jector s ystem wh ich w
ithout breaking t he co
lumn v acuum.
g
oniome ter stage wh ich p e
rm its t he c
overs a n orma l magn ification r ange I
n b as
ic ope ra
ting pr
inciple
, the
s
pecimen t o b e t i
l ted a bout a ny f
rom 1 000 t o 1 60,000 t imes. t
ransmiss
ion electron m
icroscopes o
f
hor
izon tal a xis w ith l i
ttle l oss o f A
utoma tic c ontrol o f l e
ns c urrent t
oday h ave n
ot changed g
reat
ly from
r
esolut
ion . I
n a dd ition , s
pecimen e
nsure s that the s e
lected magn ification t
he o r
iginal concept of K nol
l and
s
tages are avai
lable f or h eat
ing , c ool
ing i
s ma intained a t d ifferent wo rking
Ruska
.
a
nd stra
ining. v
oltages.
The focal length of t
he o b
jective l
ens P
rovis
ion i 3 made i n t he v iewing I
n p ract
icab
ility howeve r, c hanges
i
sc onstant t hroughout t he c omplete c
hambe r f o
r t hree w indow s, the fron t h
ave been dramatic, and the electron
r
ange of accelerating v
oltage s
, and the o
ne b e
ing e quipped w ith a b inocu lar m
icroscope of t oday i s as much a
l
ens has at heo ret
ical re
solving p ower t
e
lescope . A TV d isplay may a lso b e work
ing tool a
s its o
ptica
l e qu
ivalent.
o
f 1.13 angstroms a tfu
ll voltage. u
sed . •

ELECT R O NICS TO D AY — JU LY 1
971 1
9
 •• 00 0 0 0 0 00 041 00 00 0 • 0 4
10 •
00 0 0 0 • 4
10 0 0 0 0 • • 000 • • 4
1 0 04
1 •
• 00 0 0 0 0 0 04
1 • • • 00 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0
• 00 00 0 0 0 0410 0 00 0 • 4
10 0 00 0 4
10 0 4
00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 • 00 0
00 00 0 0 04141000 • • 4
14100 • • • • • • • • • • • • 0410

•• S. 00 0 0 0 0 4
10 0 000 00 M OO 00 0 0 • 00 • • • • 041 • • • 4
10 •
• • 04
10 00 0 0 0 • 00 00 • • 00 0 0 00 00 • • • 00 0 • I.
• • 00 00 90 • • • 00 00 • • • • • • • 00 • • • • • • • •

HOW TO MAKE
MEASUREMENTS
AUTOMATICALLY
D
ata l
ogg
ing — t
he t
echn
ique o
fdata a
cqu
isi
tion
,proce
ssing a
nd d
i
splay — i
ncrea
sing
ly u
sed
t
hroughout r
esearch a
nd indu
stry t
orecord i
nformat
ion a
bout a
ny n
umbe
rofp
roce
sse
sore
vent
s
C
ollyn R
iver
se xpla
ins w
hat can b
eachieved — a
nd how
.

A
DATA LOGGER i
n a
n r
ap
id s ucce
ssion, each mea suremen t H
OW T
HEY WORK
Austra lian chem ica l p
lant w
il
l r e
late to dif
ferent geographical
A f unction o f a t ypical ( though
measure s t empe rature s a t 7 00 p
osit
ions. (This is what st
atist
icians
b
asic ) d
ata lo gger iss
hown i n Fig. 1.
d
if fe rent po
int s, d
isp lays t
hese c
a
ll "putt
ing askew inthe d
ate .)
Each p henomenon t o b e mon itored
t
empe rature s i n d egrees C elsius t o a n D
ata l oggers may b e s mal
l d esk-top
a
ccuracy o f ± 0 .1% , p rints o ut a l i
s c hanged b y a t r
ansduce r i nto an
units mon ito r
ing h a
lf-a
-dozen v ital
e
lec t
rica
l s i
gna l which i spropo rtionate
r
e ad ings e very 3 0 m inutes , o r o n operations i n as mal
l p lant, or t hey
i
n magn itude t o t he p henomenon .
command , a nd s ounds a n a la rm i fa ny may b e s ophist
icated s ystems w ith
t
emperature e xceeds i nd ividua l p rese t E
ach e l
ec tr
ica l si
gnal i sc onnec ted to
t
housands o f inputs
, mon itoring o r t
he i nput o f as canning d ev
ice i n t
he
l
im it s. c
ont rolling a ma jor manufac turing
main p art o f t he d ata l ogger. T he
In a comp lex manufac tur ing c
omp lex. T hey vary i n pr
ice f rom a s
canne r i sprog ram med t o se
lec t each
ope rat ion , a nothe r l ogger c ollect sd a ta c
oup le o f thousand t o several mill
ion
i
nput s i
gnal f or ab r
ie f period o f time
f
rom 1 75 d ifferent p ositions — s o me d
olla rs
.
(
e
ithe r sequent ial
ly or i n any r equired
i
ndicat ing p ressure , s ome v eloc ity , Despite their wide -ange o f f
acil
itie s o
rde r) a nd t o connec t momenta r
ily
s
ome p H, s ome t empe rature , a nd a
nd a ppl
ications, mo st d ata l ogge r
s t
he se
lec ted i
nput t
o a
n
many o thers o f v ary ing k inds — a nd h
ave s imilar operat
ing principles
.
a
nalogue -to-digita
l conve rter.
t
ransm its t his d ata t o ac ont ro l a rea
two m iles a way , where i ti sd isplayed
i
n t he e nginee r
ing u nits c once rned .
Upon c ommand t he d ata c an b e f ed
i
nto a c ompute r wh ich , a sses s
ing a l
the e ssent ial p arame ter s, c an c alcu late
the c o rrections r equ ired t o o ptim ize
t
he e ntire o pe ration .
Data l
ogge rs c
an r
e co rd one
measurement ad ay — o r m i
llions e very
s
e cond . T he a b
ility t o o pe rate a t ve ry
h
i gh s peed may b e e ssent ia l t o e nsure
t
ha t d ata a bout i nterrelated f unct ions
i
sr e co rded a s r apid ly a sp os s
ib le, f or i t
i
s n ot f eas
ib le f or d ata l ogge rs t o
measure a
nd r
eco rd e
vents
s
imu ltaneous ly (
in para llel f orm ).
They o perate b y s cann ing e ach i nput
f
o r ab rie f p eriod b efo re p as sing o n t o
t
he n ext .
A n e xamp le o f e ssent ia lly h igh-speed
ope rat ion i s a n a irborne d a ta l o gge r
which p lots t he f ie
ld -s trength a round a
r
ad io b
eacon . Apart f
rom
f
ield -st rength measurements , t he d ata
r
eco rded i ncludes p osition , a ltitude ,
b
a rome tric p
res sure , t
emperature ,
h
um idity , — and unles s these
mea surements a re t aken q uick ly a nd i n

2
0
• • •••• •••• •• •• • •••• •• • • • ••• •• II I •• •• ••••••• ••••• •••
•••• • ••• IS I S • • •• • ••• ••
• • • • •• • •• •• • • •• • • •• •• • • • •• • • • •• • •• •• • • • •••• •• • •••• •••• 05 5 • •••••
• • ••• •• •• • •• II I •• ••• •• ••• • ••• II I • 55 1 II I • •• • ••••
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••• •••• • •• • ••

• • • •• •• •• •• ••
•• • •• • • • • ••••• • •• • • • • •••
• • •• • •• •• • •••• •• ••• •• • ••• • • • II I ••

• • •• •• • • • • • • • • • • •• ••• •• • •• • • •• • •••

P
r
inte
r

Ana
logue to d
ig
ita
l
S
canne
r & Li
nea
rize
r S
eria
lis
er
S
canne
r i
nput c
onve
rter
T
ape p
unch

C
ard p
unch

D
igita
l r
eadout

Magne
tic S
tore
F
IG 1
.Block s
che mat
ic o
fbas
ic d
ata l
ogger
.

t
he d ata l ogger c an p rint out ' norma l' o
nto magne t
ic t ape.
The c onve rte r c hange s t he s elected
To c a ter f o
r t he w ide r ange of
i
nput s igna l i nto d ig
ital f o rm a nd c
onditions i n b l ack a nd ' abno rma l'
a
ppl
ica tions , a nd n umbe rs of inputs
,
p
asse s t he d igitized s i
gna l t o t he c
onditions i nr ed.
many data l
ogger manufacturer
s
d
isplay u nit , whe re i t i s s hown i n A t ypical examp le o f s e
lec tive
p
roduce t he
ir e quipment i n modu la
r
n
ume rica l f orm . p
r
int -out i s adata l o gge r u
sed t oc heck
f
orm ; this a l
so s implif
ies maintenance
Thus a mea surement o f p ressure i na t
he v oltage s o f s eve ral t housand d ry
c
el
ls: t his u n
it s cans t he t o
tal n umbe r a
nd e nable s the system to be expanded
p
ipe l ine w i l
l b e d isplayed i n n umbe rs
o
f cells e very f ive m inutes a nd p r
in ts a
ta ny t ime.
d
irec t
ly r ep re sent ing s o many l b/
inch 2
o
r k g/cm 2 . T empe ratu re w ill b e o
ut ' excep tions ' o n e ach s c
an . Ita lso
p
rovide s ap r
int -out o f al ce
ll v o
ltages T
RANSDUCERS
d
isp layed d irec t
ly i nd egree s, e tc
., etc.
I
n termed ia te c ircuits p rovide t he e
very 1 2 hour s
. T
he re i
svi
rtua
lly n o li
mit t
o the type
T
he r ecorded d a ta i n
clude s i nput o
f p henomena t hat c
an b e l
ogged
. I fi
t
n
ece ssa ry c alib ration , a mp l
ify ing o r
a
ttenua ting t he i nput s asr equired , and i
dentifica t
ion , time a nd date. i
sp ossib
le to f
ind aw ay to measure a
a
lso c o rrec t
ing a ny n on-linea rity i nt he I
n a nothe r app lica tion , ad ata l ogger p
henomenon , then t hat measurement
o
rig ina l mea surement . s
cans 2 00 m ixed i nput s e
very s econd , c
an a lmos
t i n
va r
iably b e c onverted
A n i ndica tion w i
ll a l
so b e p rovided , a
nd o n e ach s can t rans
fers a l d ata i
nto a p ropor
tiona te el
ectr
ical si
gnal.
ident ifying t he i nput t o w hich t he
d
isp layed r ead ing r efers
.
Direc t v i
sua l mon ito r
ing o f t he
d
isp layed data i
s t edious and
t
ime -consum ing . I
t a lso p reclude s
i
n put s c ann ing s peeds f aste r than o ne
o
r t wo i nput s as econd . T o o vercome
t
he se l i m
ita t
ions , mo st d ata l ogge rs
r
eco rd t heir r e
ad ing s inp ermanent o r
sem i-pe rmanen t f o
rm .
The d ata m ay b e r eco rded b y
p
r
in ting o u t, p unch ing h ole s int ape o r
c
ards , b y m agne t
ical r eco rding , o r
t
aken d i rec t
ly i nto ac ompute r store o r
b
uf fe r
.
To a
void comp i
ling ma sses o f
p
o ssibly u nnece ssa ry d ata, t he l ogge r
c
an b e p rog rammed a utoma tica l
ly t o
p
rint o ut a c omp lete s equence o f
i
nput s on c
ommand , o
r a
t
p
rede te rm ined t ime i n
ter vals, or i nt he
e
vent o f a ny e xcep tional c ircums tance .
Itc an b e a rranged t o p r
int o ut o nly
t
ho se s i
gna ls e xceed ing o r f a
lling
b
elow p re set l imits. I n a nothe r f orm ,

RI G HT
: Capac
itive t
ransducer r
ecord s wave
motion in 1
/120th. s
cale model of Botany
Bay
. LEFT
: 1
00 c
hanne
l d
ata l
ogger
r
ecord
s a
l
l r
elevant i
nfor mat
ion
.

2
1
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 IA N
'.11
t , I
,

HOW TO MAKE
MEASUREMENTS )
-
• GR
ID W
IRE

AUTOMATICALLY
Some p henomena g ene rate elec t
rical •
s
i
gna ls t hat can b e u sed d irect
ly — d ry
b
atte ries, for examp le — o the r
s r equire
CERA M
IC OR
t
r
ansduce rs t o c onver t t empe rature, P
APER BACKING
p
ressure , s
train, rate, p osition, w e
ight, F
ig 3. Hot w
ire a
nemometer measures
F
ig. 2
. Strain g
auge shown a bove cons
ists of aw
ire
sma
llc hange
s in w
ind v
eloc
ity
.
c
olou r, pH, v
i
sco sity, e tc., i
nto g
rid bonded to an impregnated paper back
ing.
p
ropo rtiona te el
ec tr
ica l signals. The r
esistance o
f the s
tra
in gauge changes
Whilst there are l i
terally t housands o f when the grid i
sdi
storted.

d
ifferent t ypes o f tran sduce r, they a l b
e u sed t o mea sure p ressure , f l
ow ,
Thermo -couples are yet another type
o
pe ra te o
n we
ll-known physical d
isplacement a nd v ibration.
o
f s elf-generat
ing t ransducer. T hese
p
rinc ip les
. Their manufac turing A typica l e xamp le i st he diffe rential
measu re h
eat by e xploit
ing t he
p
rob lems l i
e n o
t i n f inding as u
itable t
rans forme r i l ustrated i nF ig. 4, wh ich
t
hermo -e
lectric (o
r S eebeck) e f
fect
, in
opera ting p r
incip le b ut i n e nsuring c
ons ists o f t hree w inding s a round a
which a v o
ltage i sg enerated b y the
t
hat t he transduce r
s m ain ta
in l i
nea r
ity movab le c ore o f m agne t
ic m ate rial.
d
ifference i n temperature b etween the
a
nd r eproduc ibility. The a
c exc
ita t
ion vo
ltage i
s
Transduce rs c an b e c lass
ified i nto j
unctions o f two di
ssim i
lar me ta
ls.
c
onnec ted t o L l. When t he movab le
t
wo m a
in t ype s —t hose w h
ich d e
rive c
o re i sequidis tant b etween L 2 a nd L 3,
EXTERNALLY E
NERGISED
t
heir s i
gnal f rom t he p roces s they ar e t
h e a c v o
ltage i nduced f rom L i i nto
mon itor
ing , a nd t ho se wh ich r equire T
RANSDUCERS
t
he w ind ing s L 2 a nd L 3 will c ancel
e
xte rnal electrical exc itation, ofw hich The change i
nres
istance w
hen awire
out. A ny l inea r movement o f t he c ore
s
ome p ort
ion b ecome s t he mea sured i
sstre
tched or h
eated ist
he b
as
is o
f an
f
r om t h
is m idway p os
ition w ill c ause
s
i
gna l
. e
xtensive r
ange o
f exte
rna
lly e
nerg
ised
t
he a c si
gna l i nw ind ing s L2 a nd L 3 to
The f orme r t ype o f t ransduce r i s t
r
ansduce rs.
become u nba lanced a nd t hus p roduce
com mon ly r
eferred t
o a
s O ne f o rm o f t h
is i st he r es
istance
a
n o
utput v
oltage which i
s
'
se
lf -generating '
. T his i s am isnome r, s
t
rain g auge (
shown i
n F ig. 2 ).
p
ropo rtiona te t o core movement . T h
is
f
or t hey almo st inva r
iab ly t ake energy R
e s
is tance s t
rain g auge s a re u sually
t
ype o f t r
ansduce r c an measure
f
rom t he s ystem t hey a re mon ito r
ing c
onne cted i
n a Whea tstone b ridge
d
i splacemen ts a s la
rge a ss everal i nches
(i
n f act
, c are mus t b e t aken t hat this c
i
rcu it. One g auge i s m echan ically
o
ra ss mal
l a so ne m icron .
t
ype o f tr
ansduce r d oe s n ot af
fec t the b
onded t o p art o f the s t
ructu re w hich
P
recise a ngu lar measurement s a s
magn itude o f t he p henomena t hat iti s i
ss ubjec t t o c omp ression. When al oad
sma l
l a s fractions o f as econd o f a r
c
i
s a pplied , t he g auge c hange s l ength
mea suring.) can b e made b y u s
ing a d if fe rent
ial
(
and h ence r es
is tance )
, u nba lanc ing t he
S
ELF -
GENERAT
ING T
RANSDUCERS b
r
idge a nd t hus p roducing a n o utput transfo rme r w ith ac ircular core .

A we
ll-known examp le o
f a v
oltage .
Othe r r e
sistance t r
ansduce r
s mea sure S
CANNERS
s
e
lf-gene rating t
ransduce r i
s t he
t
empe ra tu re, a nd t his t empe ratu re E
lect r
ica l signa ls f rom a l t he v arious
p
iezo -elect r
ic c rystal p ick-up u sed i n
mea suremen t may b e used d irec t
ly o r t
r
an sduce rs a re c onnec ted t o t he i n put
r
eco rd p layers. T his p roduce s a n
i
n d
irec tly t o mea sure o the r r e
lated s
canne r of the d ata l ogge r
.
e
lectrica l o utput w hen mechan ically
phenomena , s
uch a
s t
herma l The i nput s canne r i s b asica lly a
s
t
re ssed .
c
onduc t
iv ity o r calo r
ific value — o r
, in multi-way s witch w h
ich c onnec ts a ny
Ano the r t r
ansduce r o f t h
is t ype i s
t
he c ase o f the h ot wire a nemome ter r
equ ired t r
ansduce r t o t he r est o f t he
t
he p ho to-voltaic c e
ll, wh ich c onve r
ts
s
hown i n F ig. 3 , t o mon ito r m inute d
ata l ogge r
's f unc tions . T he s canne r
l
i
ght e nergy i nto electrical energy .
p
re ssure c hange s i nshock t ube s, wind n
orma lly s witche s t he t r
ansduce r s
Mos t e lectro-magne tic t r
ansduce r
s
t
unne ls, air comp re s
so rs
, et c. s
equent ially a t ap rede term ined s peed ,
a
re s elf-gene rating, o ne examp le b eing
I
nduc t
ive t ransduce r
s r equ ire a n b
ut a rrangement s a re o f
ten m ade f or
the per manent magnet
externa l a c e xc
ita t
ion v oltage a nd t
he s canne r t o b e p rog rammed i n
t
acho -gene rator, wh ich p roduce s a
f
a ci
lities f or r e
sist
ive o r c apacitive v
arious s equence sa nd s peeds .
v
oltage p ropo rt
iona te t o r o tational
balanc ing . T his type o f transduce r can The s canne r i sc ontrolled b y am aste r
v
eloc ity.
c
lock w hich a l
so p rovide s ar efe rence
s
i
gna l, indica t
ing wh ich i nput h as b een
PACE D ata logger s
e
lec ted.
f
r om EA, scans to 100
channe
ls/sec. and is
A
lthough s imp le i ndoncep t, sc anne rs
a
ccurate to ±0 .05%. mus t b e c arefu lly d esigned t o a vo id
i
nduc ing n oise i n
to t he i ncom ing
s
igna ls, a
nd t
o e nsure e l ectrica l
s
eg rega t
ion b etween d iffe rent s igna ls.
This i sc ommon ly a chieved b y u sing
b
anks o f r e ed r
e
lays o r s ealed
d
iaphragm r e
lays .
Ar ef
inement o f some s c
ann ing i nput
c
ircu its i st he c ha rge-trans fer s ystem
s
hown i n F ig. 5 , i n w h
ich t he
t
ransduce r signa l v o
ltage i ss tored o n a
l
ow l
e
akage c
apacito r a nd t hen
switched a s r e quired i nto t he d ata
l
o gge r. T h
is a rrangement i mp rove s t he
s
igna l-noise r atio o f l ow -
leve l s igna ls

ELECT R ONICS TO D AY —JULY 1

971
 a
nd isof
ten u
sed in con
junct
ion w
ith
A/D c onve rte rs a re d iscus sed i n t he
t
hermo
-coup
le input
s.
a
rt
ic le o n d igital v oltme te rs e lswhe re
TYP
ICAL USES OF
i
nt h
is i s
sue .
)
S
CAL
ING A
ND L
INEAR
IZING A c ommon ly u sed A /D c onve rte r i s DATA LOGGING
t
he v o
ltage t o f requency t ype , i n
This may b e d one e ither b efo re o r R
esearch E
stab
lishment
s
afte r the s cann ing i nput . S cal
ing , i n wh ich t he i ncom ing s i
gna l i si nteg ra ted
Many h und reds o f data l ogging s ys
-
e
f fec t
, c a
librates e ach t ransduce r i nput ove r ap recisely c ont rolled t ime p eriod t
e ms are u sed in Un iversitie
s, T ech-
to e
nsure t hat t he s ubsequent ly which i s a n e xac t mu ltip le o f t he a c nical Colleges, Research As sociat
ions
mains f requency . T h
is e nsure s t ha t t he etc
., for recording exper imenta l data
d
ig itized r eading w ill a ppear i n t he i
n pure a nd a ppl
ied s c
ience . Co m -
cor rect enginee ring un
it s
. For mean l evel o f the t ransduce r s igna l i s
puter c o mpatible o utput e nables
examp le, a r es
is tance t hermome ter s
ensed a nd t ha t m is
lead ing t rans ien ts d
irect evaluation ofr esults
.
having a n o utput o f 1 .013 Vo lts a t a
re s moothed o ut; a c ma ins p i ck -up
wi
ll a lso b e c ance lled o ut c omp le tely . S
tructura
l E
ngineer
ing
1000C may b e s caled t o r e ad 1 .000
One l imitation o f t he v o
ltage t o Out-of -balance v o
ltages fro m electri-
Volt s at t h
is t empe rature , s o t hat t he cal resistance s tra
in g auge bridge cir-
f
ina l meter r ead ing w ill b e 1 00 .0 0 C. f
requency c onve r ter i st ha t o pe rat ing
cuits can b e readily recorded w ith a
L
inea r
izing i
s requ ired whe re s
peed i sl imited t o a max imum o f 4 0 h
igh d egree o f accuracy. Co mputer
o
r s o r e
ad ing s p er second . co mpat ible r ecord s imp l
ifies stre ss
t
ran sducer o utput i s n ot a l i
nea r
Anothe r t ype o f A /D c onve rte r, analysis
. T hese measure ment sare fre-
f
unc t
ion o f t he c hang ing v ariab le — a s quent ly requ ired in the fi
eld o f c
ivil,
w
ith t
hermo -coup le s. Linea rizer s which h as a much h ighe r o pe rat ing
mechan ical a
nd a
eronaut ica
l en-
speed , u
ses t
he s
ucce ssive
u
sua lly o perate b y v a rying t he g ain o f g
ineer ing.
a
n o perationa l amp l if
ie r
. app rox imat ion p rinc iple, i n wh ich t he
Follow ing t
he scann ing a
nd
i
ncom ing s igna l i s c ompa red a gains t L
ife T
est
ing o
fBat
ter
ies
s
ub sequent c
i
rcu its, t
he s e
lected , s
ucces sive ly s malle r f rac tions o f a Voltages o f an u mber of electrolytic
c
ells u nder load c an be p eriodically
s
caled a
nd l
inear ized s
igna l i
s r
e fe rence v
oltage . This t
ype of
mon itored w ith t he logger u nder
c
onve rted to d igital f orm . conver ter c an o pe rate a t s peeds a s h igh c
lock c ontrol
. Indication can b egiven
a
s o ne m il
lion r ead ing s as econd — b ut i
f the c e
ll output f al
ls below a p re-
i
ts a ccuracy a
nd noise r
ejec tion d
eterm ined l evel
. A p r
inted o utput
I
NTO D
IGITS charac teris t
ic s are n o
t a sg ood a s t ho se p
rovides a c o mplete record o f cell
p
erformance .
D
igit
izing i
s p er
fo rmed by a
n o
f t he v oltage t o f requency c onve r te r
.
a
nalogue -to-d igita
l c onve rter wh ich i s The o utput f rom t he A /D c onve r ter E
ngine T
est B
eds
u
sually d esigned f or d ata l ogg
ing i
st aken t o the d ecode rs a nd d rive rs o f The l ogger c an b e u sed t o g ain
a
pplications . T he A /D method u sed t
he n ume r
ica l r eadout . ( The A /D considerab ly more k no wledge a bout
t
he t rue o perating conditions o f i
n-
w
il
l d
epend u pon a n umber o f c
onver te r a nd r eadout s tage i s v e ry
t
erna l c o mbus ion a nd g as t urbine
f
unctions i ncluding s cann ing s peed, s
im ilar t
o t
hat u
sed f
or d igita l e
ng ines. P ara meters wh ich may b e
a
ccuracy r equ ired
, s i
gnal-to -no
ise ratio v
oltme ters —i n fac t, some d ata l o gge r r
ecorded i nclude e ngine s peed, oil
o
f the i ncom ing s ignals
, etc . (
The u ses manufac ture rs u se s tanda rd d vms f or t
e mperature a nd pressures, fuel con-
s
u mpt ion etc.
a
nd l imitations o f v ar
ious t ypes o f t
he p urpose ).
W
ind T
unne
ls
Wind tunnel operat
ing t ime isexpen-
s
ive and considerab
le savings are pos
-
s
ible i
f the logger is u
sed t o r
apidly
r
ecord p res
sures a nd strains during
TRANSDUCER
I
NPUT e
valuation of models
.
L2
Med
ica
l R
esearch
The u se of electronic measure ment
r
eef
:p iques in t he field of med ical
r
esearch is rapidly expanding, and a
nu mber of data loggers a
re currently
TRANSDUCER ; i
n u se recording phys io
logical para-
I
NPUT meters
.

C
hem
ica
l Ana
lys
is
Many t ypes o f auto matic c he mica
l
L3 analysers require co mplete d ata pro
-
cess
ing f or speedy a nalysis
. T his is
F
ig. 5
. Charge tr
ansfer circuitused in i
nput
fac
ilitated by recording d ata in com-
s
canner i
solates data l
ogger fro m t
ransduce
rs puter c o mpat
ib le f
orm , f or o f
f-l
ine
whi
lst t
aking measure ment s
. processing
.
F
ig 4. D
iffe
rentia
l t
ransformer provides
n
utput p
roport
ionate to move ment

T
his Data T
ransf
er Un
it f
rom So
lartron e
nab
les e
xist
ing d
igita
l e
quip ment t
o b
e a
sse mb
led a
s ad
ata l
ogger
.
 The d ecima l p oint o f t he d i splayed
d
a ta w il
l b e p osit ioned a utomat ica lly,
a
nd f or measurement s e ithe r s ide o f a
mean p osition a p ositive o r n ega t
ive
s
ign w i
l l b e i ncluded t o i ndicate
po
la rity .
Readout s ystems d esigned f or d ata
l
ogg ing p rovide d ig itized o utput s ignals
f
or c onnect ion t o v arious r eco rding
d
ev ice s. This output may n
eed
mod if ication b efo re i tc an b e u sed b y
r
eco rd ing d evices b ecause t he o utput
s
igna ls r epresent ing e ach d igit o ccur
s
imu ltaneous ly, wh ile d evices s uch a s
t
ypew rite rs c an o nly a ccep t the s i
gna ls
s
erially . A s a n a nalogy , a ll t he wo rds
on t his p age a re i n p arallel f orm —
t
hey a re a l
l t here a t a ny o ne t ime —
b
ut a re r ead s eria lly .
Othe r c onver te rs may b e u sed t o
c
hange t he o utput f o rmat f rom t he
r
eadout s ystem i nto t he v arious c odes
u
sed b y t ape p unches , c ard p unches ,
magnet ic r
e corder s o
r compute r
i
nput s.
I
n many c ase s d rive r s tages w ill b e Th
is d
ata l
ogger f
rom Natronics l
ogs o
utput a
nd e
lapsed t
ime f
ro m ad
ualc
olu mn g
as
c
hromatograph and r
ecords t
he data o
np unched t
ape
.
r
equ ired , t o amp lify t he s ignals t o t he
h
ighe r l evel r equ ired b y t he r e co rding
e
qu ipment . T
HE B
UYING D
ECIS
ION d
ata w h
ich i svi
rtually u nob ta
inab le b y
When t he t ransduce rs a re w idely a
ny othe r method.
Data l
ogging is ac
omp lex technique
,
s
epa rated , o r a re g rouped a l ong w ay I
t is at echnique whe re specialised
a
nd n ea
rly every in
stal
lation r equ
ire
s
f
rom the readout l
ocation , t
he k
now ledge a nd e ngineering b ack-up i s
i
nd
ividual d
esign o
r s elect
ion o f
t
ran sduce r signa ls may b e amp lified o r e
ssent
ial, and pro spective u ser
s shou ld
f
unction modules.
c
onver ted i n
to d ig ita l f orm a t s ource , e
stabl
ish p os
itively t hat this islo cal
ly
b
efo re s ubsequent t ransm ission b y I
tc an opt
imize many manufactu
ring a
vai
lable b efore mak ing a p urcha s
ing
t
e
lephone o r r ad io l inks. o
perations and frequent
ly p rov
ides d
ecis
ion. •

O
UTPUT R
ECORDS
P
RINTED S
TRIP
: T
he r
eco
rd i
sint
he f
or m o
f at
a
lly r
o
ll o
n wh
ich e
ach r
ead
ing i
scon
tained i
none l
i
ne o
f p
r
int
, a
sshown i
n t
he r
i
ght
. T
he
f
i
rst l
i
ne i
s ar
eco
rd o
f t
ime
, f
o
llowed b
y t
en c
hanne
ls o
f d
ata
, e
ach l
i
ne b
eing i
den
tif
ied a
s f
o
llows
:- c
hanne
l i
den
tity (
2 d
ig
its
), DV M p
olar
ity
a
nd v
a
lue
, a
nd DV M r
ange i
ndica
tor
.

TYPED PAGE
: T
he r
eco
rd i
sint
he f
orm o
f at
abu
lated p
age o
n wh
ich an
u mbe
r
o
f r
ead
ing
s a
re c
onta
ined i
n o
ne l
i
ne o
f t
ype
, a
s s
hown b
elow
. T
he f
i
rst l
i
ne i
sa 000 1404 26
r
ecord o
f t
he t
ime a
t wh
ich t
he r
ead
ing
s w
ere made
. I
n t
he e
xa mp
le i
lus
tra
ted
, f
i
ve
O0 + 0 156 3 2
r
ead
ing
s a
re r
ecorded p
er l
i
ne, i
n wh
ich t
he s
equence f
or e
ach r ing i
ead s
:-c
hanne
l
i
dent
ity (
2 d
igits
), '
space
', DV M p
olar
ity a
nd v
alue
, '
s
pace
' DV M r
ange i
ndica
tor
, a
nd O 14 0 23 4 12
t
wo, '
space
s'. T
he f
i
nal t
wo '
space
' c
harac
ters c
hange t
o '
c
arr
iage r
e
turn
' a
nd '
l
ine
0 24 0 24 3 6 2
f
eed
' f
unct
ions i
n t
he f
i
fth r
ead
ing
. T
his i
sfunct
ion o
f t
he C
ontro
l 3
211 a
nd c
an b
e
p
rese
t t
o a
ny s
u
itab
le n
u mber o
f r
ead
ing
s p
er l
i
ne. O3- 134 2 53
04- 243 5 12
PUNCHED PAPER TAPE
: T
he r
eco
rd i
sin t
he f
or m o
f c
oded h
oles p
unched
i
n
to a1
"wide s
t
rip o
f p
ape
r t
ape
, a
sshown b
elow
, whe
re f
or c
o mpar
ison t
he p
unched 05+ 3 4 23 33
d
ata i
sident
ica
l t
o t
hat c
onta
ined i
nthe l
ower l
i
ne o
f t
he t
yped r
eco
rd. 06 + 246 4 5 2
MAGNET
IC TAPE
: T
he r
ecord i
s i
n t
he f
orm o
f c
oded magne
tic p
ulse
s 07- 24 18 8 1
s
tored o
n '
,
4" w
ide magnet
ic t
ape (
not i
lus
tra
ted
), i
n as
imi
lar manne
r t
o t
hat o
f 08- 243 1 11
p
unched p
aper t
ape
. I
t
s ma
in a
dvantages o
ver p
unched p
ape
r t
ape a
re t
hat r
eco
rding
s
peed i
shigher
, h
as a much g
rea
ter p
ack
ing d
ens
ity a
nd i
tcan b
e r
e
-used
. 09+ 4 35 5 53

*1 40426 •
00 +01 563 2 0
1 +02341 2 02 +02/
43t 2 03 —1 3425 3 04 —24351 2
05 +34233 3 06 +24645 2 07 —241 88 1 08 —2/
4311 1 09 +43555 3
 B
y EDGAR V
ILLCHUR

A
cous
tic R
esea
rch I
nc
.

How m uch dis

tor
tion doe
s ah i
-
fi
s
peaker pr
oduce? What c
ause
s it
a
nd w ha
t are t
he t
echn
iques fo
r
measu
ring it
?
T
est s
etup t
hat was emp
loyed f
or q
ualad
tive d
isp
lay o
fspeaker d
istor
tion
.

D
i
sto
rtion i
n
L
oudspeake
rs
L
OUDSPEAKERS a
re the weake st g
rea ter m ight l eave h im i n as tate o f d
istort
ion s peaker to one with high
l
ink i n the c hain of reproduc ing s
hock . d
istort
ion l eaves no d oubt in t he
Ano the r a nd mo re v a
lid r eason i s l
i
stener's m ind a s t o t
he p r
i mary
component s.
S
peake rs are subject to many f au
lts, t
hat a bso lute p ercentage s in s peake r i
mpo rtance of th
is el
ement to natural
i
nc
luding r aggednes s o f f requency d
is tortion d o n ot h ave t he s ame musical r
eproduction
.
r
e
sponse , lim
ited r ange, and hangove r. s
ign if
icance a s in a mp lifiers. S peake r
D
ISTORT ION L
EVELS I
N
One o f the wo rs
t s peaker defects is d
is tortion i slike
ly t o o ccur a ts eparate
f
requenc ie s or frequency r ange s a nd t o S
PEAKERS
h
armon ic d
i
stortion. L
evels o
f
s
how u p o nly when t here i s mus ic i n I
t is n ot d i
fficult t o t ake a r ough
d
istor
tion wh ich wou ld a utomat ically
t
he f
requency r
ange c
once rned . g
l
i mpse a
t t
he magn itude s o
f
d
isqualify a ny other c omponent f rom
a " high -
fidel
ity" c l
ass
ificat
ion a re Amp lifie r d i
stor t
ion i s u sually l ess d
istort ion a
ssoc iated with
c
ommon ly found i n l
oudspeake rs
. Y et d
isc rim inat ing . l
oudspeake rs ifo ne has a n audio s ignal
Furthe r, t
he h
ighe st v
alue s o
f g
enerato r, a m icrophone , a nd a n
l
oudspeake r d istortion i s a s ubject
a
bout wh ich v ery l i
tt
le i s w r
itten. s
peake r d istortion a re a lmo st always i n o
sci
lloscope . As weep t es t reco rd may
D
istor t
ion d ata o n speaker s
, w ith o ne t
he l ow b ass, whe re t he s peake r's b
e sub st
ituted f o
r t he si gnal gene rato r
o
r t wo e xceptions , isn ot p ubl
ished b y r
e sponse t o t he fundamenta l may b e i
f avery g ood r e
co rd playback s ys tem
t
heir manufacture rs
. v
ery much a ttenua ted . i
savai
lab le.
There a re s everal r easons f or t his
. A p art
icu lar s
peake r may , f
or T
he c omb ina t
ion o f m icrophone
One i st hat the d istort
ion p ercentage s examp le , h ave 5 0% d isto rt
ion a t 3 0Hz o
utput a nd s cope s ensitivity mus t b e
f
or s
peakers a
re s
o h
igh. T
he a
t ag iven i nput l evel. I f t he t otal s
uff
icient t o p rovide a g ood -sized
t
echn ically o
riented h
igh-fidelity output i n response t o tha t f r
equency p
attern o n t he ' s
cope s creen ; t he
buyer who r eads s pecif
icat ion s heets is input i sv ery l ow, t hen t he d istortion h
igher t he l ow-frequency o utput o f
u
sed t o ampl if
ie r h a
rmon ic d i
s tortion p
roduc ts t hat a re c on t r
ibu ted t o t he t
he m ic rophone a nd t he g reate r t he
f
igure s of the o rde r of s mall fractions final s ound w ill b e a ttenuated i n s
ens
itivity o f the 'scope t he b etter. If
o
f 1 %. Discove ry b y a n audioph ile that proport ion . t
he m
icrophone -osc illoscope
h
is f
avourite s
peake r s
howed Whatever the mitigat ing c
omb ina tion d oes n o
t p rovide a t race
d
istor t
ion p ercentages ( ove r part of its c
ircums tance s su rround ing h igh v a
lue s o
f a
dequa te si
ze with a d irec t
f
requency r ange) o ne h undred t imes of s peake r d is
tor t
ion , c ompa ring al ow c
onnec tion , ap reamp lifie r wil
l h ave t o

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 2
5
 D
i
sto
rtion i
n
b
e inserted b etween t he two unit
s. speake rs ar e s ub stituted i n t urn i n t he
F
ig
. 1 i l
us trates the c onnec t
ions t
est s etup.
L
oudspeake
rs r
equ
mon
ired w
itor
ith t
ing i nd
est p
icated
o
int
. Ifw
s fo
e s
r s cope
weep the c
T
ons
he r
is
esu
tent w
lts s hown i
ith what l
n F
i
tt
le p
ig . 2 a
ub lished
re

s
ystem b etween 3 0 a nd 60Hz , at a m ate rial can b e f ound o n t he s ub jec t
.
s
ound l evel correspond ing to loud but An MS .c t hesis ( "The E ffec t o f
n
ot o verpowe ring v olume, w e should N ega tive S
ource Re
sis tance o
n
s
ee p er
fec t s i
ne w aves on the screen Loudspeake r P e r
fo rmance" b y G eo rge
when the scope i sc onnected across t
he D. R am ig) r epor ted o n a s e
rie s o f
o
utpu t o f t he g enerator or o f the s
t udie s o n f ifteen l oudspeake r s, wh ich
ampl
ifier. included mea surement s o
f bass
When w e c onnec t t he o scil
lo scope t o harmon ic d isto rtion. C ove ring t he
t
he m ic rophone , h oweve r, thing s may frequency r ange d own t o 5 0Hz a nd
b
e e xpec ted t o c hange r adically . A t keep ing t he s ound l evel the s ame f or
b
e st t he s creen p at te rn a t t he l owe r e
ach s peake r, t he mea sured d isto r
tion
F
ig
. 1
.Block d
iag
ra m o
f t
e
st s
etup u
sed
. f
requenc ies w
ill, on carefu l a
t t he l owe st f requency v aried f r om
e
xam inat ion , s how i mpe rfections ; a t 2% for t he mo st d isto r t
ion -free
30 CPS 40 CPS wo rst i tw i
ll l ook l ike t he t op o f a s
peake r t o 4 3% f or the o ne w ith t he
b
roken b eer b ottle. h
i ghe st d isto rtion . Input p owe r r anged
T he a bove t est w as a pplied t o a up t o 2 0 w at ts, d epend ing o n s peake r
g
roup o
f s
peake rs i
n c
ur rent e
fficiency .
p
roduc tion . E ach s peake r w as d riven I
t m ay b e a ssumed t hat t he se
t
o t he s ame p eak -to -peak l e
vel o f t otal d
is tor tion f i
gure s wou ld h ave b een
s
ound a t 3 0 a nd 4 0Hz i nput . A doub led a t3 0Hz .
p
ho tog raph o f t he o scil
lo scope t race D
isto rtion i n t he m id -range a nd
4% 3%
o
f m ic rophone o utput w as taken w ith t
reb le i s l owe r i n p ercentage a nd
aP ola roid ' scope c ame ra. r
e quire s more c
areful mea suring
E
lec trica l i
nput p
owe r t
o the t
echn ique s, a lthough i t
se f
fect s a re j ust
s
peake rs r equired t o p roduce t he a
s r a ucous f rom t he p o
int o f v iew o f
r
efe rence s ound l eve l v aried f rom t wo quality . I ti sn ot a s li
able t o a ppea r i n
t
o 2 0 w atts, d epend ing o n s peaker t
he f
orm o
f e
asi
ly i
dent ifiab le
e
fficiency a nd o n f requency . wave fo rm aberrations o
n a
n
F
ig. 2 s how s o scilloscope t race s o
scillo scope s creen .
3%
r
ep re sent ing t he a cous tical o utput
wave forms o f s e ven s peake r s i n t he CA U SES OF SPE A KE R
$
85 t o $ 250 ( U
.S .) p r
ice r ange . T he D
ISTORT
ION
w
ide v
ariation in d
istor t
ion Speake r di
sto rtion a
t bas
s
c
ha rac te ristic s iso bvious . f
requenc ies h as t wo ma in c ause s, b oth
The s ine-wave d istor tion i n t hese o
f t hem r e
la ted t o l arge v o
ice -co i
l
p
ho to s i sn ot a me re t echn ical f a
iling, e
xcur sions .
10 • 5•
/
. b
ut i s a major f acto r i n the q uality o f These two c
ause s a
r e t
he
s
peake r r eproduc t ion , p ar t
icula rly i n n
on -l
inea r
ity o f c one s uspens ions
t
ho se c ases whe re s peake r respon se t o (
spide r a nd r im s u
spens ion ) a nd t he
l
ow -frequency i
nput c
onta ined n
on -un iform ity o f t he magne tic f ield
h
armon ic o
utput o
f a
pp reciab le o
ve r t he p ath o f v oice -coil t ravel . A t
amplitude r
e
la t
ive t
o mid-band h
igher f
requenc ie s mechan ical
BU1UL Wl L
r
esponse . One s trange e ffect o f t he r
esonance s o f d ifferent p arts o f t he
d
isto rtion i st o make t he b ass a ppea r s
peake r
's mechan ical s ystem b ecome
l
oude r and c r
ispe r, a lbeit wooden a nd t
he mo re significan t f acto rs
.
n
asal. The non-
linea rity e
xh ibited b
y
Co mpa r
ison w
ith u
ndisto r ted s
peake r mechan ica l s uspens ions i s a
r
eproduc tion ( or w ith t he o rigina l c
harac teristic p osse ssed i nsome d eg ree
i
nstrument s
) w i
ll, o f c our se, reveal t he b
y a l e
la
s t
ic m ate rials. A s t he
e
ssent ial
ly u nna tura l q uality o f t h
is s
uspens ions a re s tretched b y t he
d
isto rted b ass
. i
mpe l
ling f
orce o
f t
he mov ing
This mea suring t echnique i sn ot a v
oice-co i
l t
heir e
l
as tic s
t
if fne ss
r
i
go rous o ne, b ut i t i s s uff
icient ly i
ncrea ses, t hat i s
, t hey b egin t o
a
ccu ra te to d emon stra te t he orde rs o f "
bind ." B eyond a c e r
ta in p oint t hey
magn itude o f s peake r b ass h armon ic c
ould n ot y ie
ld a t a l
l w ithout t earing .
d
isto rtion, p art
icu la r
ly when d if
ferent Th
is means t hat t he c one w ill trave l

F
ig. 2. T hese osci
llogra ms sho w a coustical
outputs o fseven $85 — $250 ( US) speakers
d
riven at t he s
ame l evel
. T he n u mber b e
lo w
e
ach o sci
llog ra m i
st he % r ms ratio of
h
armon ics to the totalsignal. Note t hat
s
peaker G h asa lmost pure 90Hz o utput
d
e spite 30Hz i nput ! (
Harmon ic d i
stortion
i
ss o met
imes e xpressed as %o fh armon ics VO
ICE CO
IL
t
o funda menta lo nly, t
his method wou ld _ _ MAGNET
IC GAP
i
ncrease v a
lues o f Fa nd G q uite
c
ons iderably.)
F
ig
. 3. On
ly half o
f t
he v
oice
-coil t
urns
4
0°. r
e ma
in i
n the magnet
ic f
i
eld of t
he g
ap.

2
6 ELECT R ONICS TO D AY —J ULY 1
971
 e
i
ther that the mechan ical suspensions p
rob lems i nvolves l arge p hysica l s ize
b
egin to st
if fen f o
r o ne direct
ion o f f
or t he h orn s t
ruc tu re.
c
one t r
ave
l b efore t hey d o f or the Acous t
ica l r esonato r s o f d if ferent
o
ther; or t hat t he v o
ice-coi
l i s not t
ype s h ave b een u sed , b ut b y f a r t he
b
e st k nown i st he b ass-re flex d esign
sT
eFF MECHANICAL
SUSPENSeONS SUPPLY
., c
entered l
ongitudinally i
n t
he
RESTORAIG FORCE
magnet
ic fi
eld . emp loy ing a c l
a ssica l Helmho ltz
r
esona to r ( as o ppo sed t o t he a i
r
D
ESIGNING AGAINST c
olumn o r o rgan p
ipe t
ype o f
D
I
STORT
ION a
cous t
ica l r
e
sona to r). A d e tailed
A
IR SPRING (
VERY
d
iscus sion o f t he o pe ra t
ion o f t he b ass
COMPL
eAN7)
There a re t wo g ene ral a pproache s t o
r
educ ing s peake r disto rt
ion i nt he b ass r
eflex c ab ine t i sn ot a pprop ria te h e re,
r
ange. One i st o e mploy d esign wh ich but i t i ss ufficient t o s ay t ha t i n a
p
rope rly t uned a nd d amped b a ss-re flex
r
educe s t he c one e xcur sion r equ ired
f
or ag i
ven b ass o utput , and t he s econd s
y stem s mall mo t
ions o f t he c one i n
t
he b ass r ange p roduce l arge i n-pha se
i
s t o c reate a s peake r c apab le o f
mo tions o f t he ma ss o f air i nt he p or t
.
making t he n ece ssary l a
rge e xcur sions
(
A)

A g iven c one e xcur sion i st he refo re

i
n al inear m anne r
.
a
ssoc iated w ith i ncrea sed b a
s s e ne rgy
The f i
rst a nd o lde r o f t he se t wo
MECHA
IRCAL SUSPEN— r
ad ia ted f rom t he s ys tem . A s i n t he
S
IONS !VERY COMPL
iANT) methods employs a
n a
cous t
ica l
c
a se o f t he h o rn, c oup ling e fficiency
c
oup ling d evice — e ithe r ah orn o r a n
b
etweencone a nd r oom i si ncrea sed .
a
cous tical r e
sona tor — b etween t he
The ma in p rob lems a s
soc ia ted w ith
s
peake r diaphragm a nd t he a ir o f t he
S WF AeR S
PRING b
a ss-re flex d esign a re t hose t ha t a re t o
SUPPLES RESIOReNG r
oom . T he e ff
iciency o f c oup ling
FORCE b
e e xpec ted w hen a nti
- re sonance i s
b
etween t he c one a nd t he r oom i s
(
RI u
sed a s ad esign e l ement . R e sonant
t
hereby i mp roved ; ag i
ven l evel o f b ass
e
lement s mus t b e c are fu l
ly t amed a nd
e
ne rgy c an b e r adiated w ith s maller
F
ig. 4
. Substi
tution ofa n a
ir
-spring f
or c
ont ro lled . S peake r a nd e nclo sure
c
one movemen ts.
mechanica
l-suspens
ion s t
iffness i
n t
he mus t b e a ccura tely ma tched , o r t he
a
coustic
-suspension sys
te m, sho wn i
n (
8)
, Cone s uspens ions a re n ot s t
re tched
i
n crea se i n c oup ling w ill o ccu r a t
t
o reduces s
peaker di
stortion. a
s much a nd t he v o
ice -coil i s n ot
p
a rticu la r b ass f requenc ie s r athe r t han
d
riven s o f ar o ut o f t he g ap, s o t hat
e
ven ly o ve r t he b ass r ange .
d
istortion i
s r educed , s
ome t
ime s
l
e
s s t owa rds t he e nds o f i t
s excur sion The s
e cond g
ene ral a
pp roach
d
ras t
ica l
ly .
— t he p eak s a nd t roughs o f t he r
efe r red t
o — design ing a
A va r
ia t
ion o f t h
is t heme i st he u se
wave fo rm — t han t he i nput s i
gna l d
irec t-rad ia to r s peake r w hich d oe s n ot
o
f many l a
rge s peake rs f or i ncreased
d
ictates . I
n creased mechan ical u
se ac oup ling a id t o r educe e xcur s
ion
c
one a rea, a lso f or t he p urpo se o f
i
mpedance i n t he f ace o f a g iven i
ncrea sing s peake r-to -room c oup l
ing . r
equ iremen ts, but i
s c apab le o f
a
pp lied f orce r e
su lts i n d ec reased e
xecut ing t
he n
ece ssa ry l
a
rge
Unfo rtuna tely, ah orn c ease s t o l oad
mechan ica l r e
sponse . i
t
s d r
ive r b elow t he b ass c ut
-o ff e
xcur sions w ith l inea rity — r equ ire s
T
he p roce ss iss imilar to c l
ipp ing i n f
requency , ap o
int i nversely r ela ted t o a
ttent ion t o t he s uspens ion s ystem
amp lifiers. S ince t he s ame s ort of t h
ing t
he h orn r ate o f f l
are. T he'a rea o f the i
tself.
t
a kes p lace a t e ach s ide o f t he horn mouths mus t a l
so b e very l a
rge t o Various c onfigura tions o f su spens ion
e
xcur sion t he d isto rted w ave-fo rm a
void r esonance s a nd h orn c olo ra t
ion . device s h ave b een u sed t o a low l a
rge
t
e nds t o b e s
ymme trical, w h
ich The s olution to b oth o
f these C
ont
inued o
n p
age 1
22
p
red ic ts o dd-ha rmon ic d i
s tortion . T he
mo st p rom inent h armon ic c omponent
i
n s peake r d istortion i s u sually t he
t
hird , a nd s o the c ommon r e
fe rence t o MU M
s
peake r b ass d isto rt
ion a s " doub ling"
E MU = _
i
s n ot a n a pt e xp ression. " Tripling" I
IMARE 11111F/1
wou ld b e mo re a ccura te i n mo st case s
.
1
11
111
111
111 M EMI III
1
11
11
111
/11
11
1
1111
111
11/
A1M11
T
he s econd c ause o f distortion o n 1
1
111111
1
11
11
11111
1FM1 11
l
a
rge e xcursions — n on
-un iform ity o f 111/10
11
11
1
111
1 MINI I
t
he m agnetic f i
eld o ver the v oice-coil
11
,11E 1
1111
11 •11
p
ath — a lso o pe rate s to d istort t he
J
111011
1
11 M 11
1
1
1•1
11
111
s
i
gna l p eaks s ymme tr
ically. When t he
v
oice -co il shown i n F ig
. 3h as moved A
f
orwa . -d
, o nly h alf o f its t urns a re
M
i n
i
mme rsed i nt he m agne t
ic f i
eld o f the Enna
g
ap ( actually, f r
ing ing o f t he f ield 1
1
111
/11I MA
1
a
lev ia tes the situat ion s omewha t
). T he

r
f
orce o n the v oice -coil isc onsiderab ly
w
h
a
eakened
s n ot c
, e
a
l
ven t
led f
hough t
or a
he s
ny s l
igna
acken
l it
se
ing o
lf
f
T wa
s
t
h

e
is f

xt
Aga
o

reme
rce
in c
.
one t
p
os
rave
it
l i
ions ,
sreduced a
a
nd
t t
a
ga
he
in
L
a
.
t
hird -ha rmon ic d istort
ion t ends t o
p
redom inate.
F
ig
. 5. (A) Display of treble d
istort
ion ofrejected t weeter. The la
rge bl
ip at 1000Hz i sthe
It w ill b e n oted t hat some o f t he f
undamenta l; smaller b
lips to the r
ight s
how e ach harmon ic o
f the d
istortion content Hash
wave -fo rms i n Fig. 2a r
e asymme tr
ica l
, o
n the l
eft i
sn oise. (8) Sine
- wave 's
cope tr
ace d oes not reveal t
he di
stortion, b ut a ia6kH z
i
n d
ica t
ing e
ven — r ather t
han t
one burst (C
) s ho ws ali
ttle over
shoot as wel
la ss ome r i
ng ing b
etween b ursts
. P art
s ( D
), and
odd-ha rmon ic d i
sto rtion. T his mean s (
F) show s t
he sa me ser
ies of 's
cope disp
lays but for an acceptable tweeter of the sa me type
.

ELECTR ONICS TO D A Y — JULY 1

971 2
7
BATT
LE OF THE

Both t
he JVC s
ystem (above) a
nd t
he Ampex s
ystem (
r
ight
) u
se
magnet
ic t
ape a
s the r
ecording med
iu m
.

Mo
st t
op manufac
ture
rs h
ave
v
ideo
-playe
r s
ystems r
eady f
or ma
rket
ing
—but f
u
ll-sca
le product
ion must w a
it
u
nti
l c
ompat ibi
lity h
as been a
chieved.

S
EVENTEEN ma jor companies w
ith li
tt
le to s
el
l are The ma rke ting b a ttle ispredicated o n the assump tion t hat
f
ight
ing fo
r a s ha
re i n t
he pro
jected bi
ll
ion/dol
lar t
he v ideo -playe r w ill b ecome a t least as p opular a s t he
v
ideo-p
laye
r market. r
ecord -playe r ; but t his mus t surely d epend o n the t ype o f
E
ach company h
as a d
iffe
rent id
ea o
f what av
ideo
-player r
eco rded mate r
ial t hat w i
ll b
e a va
ilab le. A s mo st
mass-med ia p rogramme s are barely dist
ingu ishab le o ne f rom
s
hould b e.
E
ach a grees t hat c ompa tabil
ity i sessential —p roviding, o f a
no the r
, t he re seems l i
ttle point in just having mo re of t he
c
ou rse, that the irs isthe me thod u sed. And a greement t he re s
ame o n t ape.
must b e — o the rwise t he si
tuat ion w il
l b e l i
ke h aving N
eve rthe les s
, av ery s ubstantial ma rket mus t exist a mong
s
eventeen d iffe rent t ypes o f g ramophone r ecords, e ach TV v iewe rs w ith s pecial interests that a re n ot s erved b y
r
equiring a p laye r that wou ld b e u nusab le with a ny othe r c
urren t t ransm ission s..
r
ecord . B y c ompa rison, t he Aus t
ra l
ian r a
ilway wou ld s eem S
uch i nterests c ould b e s atis
fied e ithe r b y r enting o r
s
el
ling p re-reco rded c assettes, or b y the television s tations
amode l of plann ing agreement .
T
he v
ideo -playe r i
s — i n g eneral t
e
rms — a t
ransm it t
ing s pecialised p rogram me s f or a utoma tic v i deo
t
elephone -direc to ry sized mach ine wh ich, when c onnec ted r
eco rding d uring t he early hour s of t
he mo rning.
t
o a ny s tandard t elevision s et
, w il
l r eproduce r ecorded Anothe r l a
rge ma rke t isf or educa t
iona l ma terial. S choo l
t
elevision p rog ramme s
. c
hild ren c ould b e p rov
ided w ith c a
sse t
tes for o
ut -of-school
A
lthough — a s repo rted in our Ap r
il i s
sue — a t le
ast o ne i
n
s truc t
ion , a nd i t would b e a n e xcellent med ium f or
conso rt
ium i sd eveloping a TV g ramophone r eco rd
, mo st t
echn ical t ra
in ing — e specially f or d emons trat
ion o f
contende rs a re p romo t
ing c assette o r ca
rtridge systems; b ut s
c
ient ific med ica l experimen ts
.
e
ven h
ere t
here i
sno a
greement a
s t
o what t
he c
asse
ttes o
r I
n B ritain, p ub lisher
s i ncluding P enguin B ook s, O xford
Unive rs
ity P ress, W . H. Sm ith, e tc
.., have sta
r ted o r are
c
artr
idges shou ld contain.
S
ome , s
uch a s Ampex , A vco, JVC , Sony and P h
ilips, use a
ctive ly e stablish ing c ompan ies t o f i
nance, ma rke t and
magnetic tape, but RCA u ses holographic images imp ressed d
istribute v ideo -tape ma te rial
.
on vinyl ribbon . Sylvania a nd V idicord use Supe r 8mm . Our L ondon o f f
ice te
lls u s that a t least o
ne p ublisher is
f
i
lm , wh ilst EV R u ses v i
deo s ignals imp ressed o n c
ur rent ly p repa ring ma te rial f or the v ideo equ iva
lent o f
c
on t
inuous b lack-and-wh ite fi
lm b y an el
ectron beam . week ly ' part-wo rks' pub lica t
ions ( such a s '
Man, Myth a nd
No magnet ic system a ppears to
tally compatible b etween Mag ic' o r 'Austral ian Heritage ').
p
layers made b y d iffe
rent c ompan ies — n or
, i ncredibly Ano the r c ompany h as a ctually p roduced a n e ngineering
enough, b etween d ifferent mode ls made b y t he s ame t
rain ing c ourse a nd n ow a wa
it s produc t
ion of the means t o
r
eco rd i t
.
manufacturer.
With at least seventeen c ontenders
, the
re are obv
iously
g
oing to be quite a few lo
sers — a nd nocustomer want
s to WHAT ARE THE S
YSTEMS?
b
e l e
ft with a st
ack o f c
assettes a
nd n o
thing to p
lay t
hem
T
here a
re t
hree ma
in v
ideo
-playe
r s
ystems w
hich c
an b
e
o
n.
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
2
8
V
IDEO
-PLAYERS

Here a
n EVR c art
ridge i
sloaded i
nto the p
layer. Th
is i
s
t
he only s
yste m i
n cur
rent sma
llscale product
ion.

T
echnica
lly the most sophi
sticated o
f t
he n
ew syste ms —
RCA'
s Selecta V
ision employs la
ser s
cann
ing o
fa
h
olog
raph ic image o
n vinyl r
ibbon.

U
.S.A . a nd 3 61 p ounds s ter
ling i n t he U .K . ( whe re
t
aken seriously.
d
e
live rie
s h ave n ot y et s tarted). I t isb el
ieved t hat t hese
T
he f irst a nd mos t a dvanced o f t hese i s t he EVR
(
Electronic V ideo R
ecording) s ystem , d ev ised b y a p
r
ice s will be h alved i nt he near future .
Othe r systems u sing f i
lm h ave b een d eveloped b y S y
lvan ia
p
artnership o f CBS , ICI and CI BA a nd made u nde r li
cence
i
n t he U .S. a nd V id ico rd i n B ritain. B oth s ystems u se
b
y Mo toro la ( U
.S .A.) and R ank (U.K .
) .
The EVR s ys
tem u ses a s pec ially t reated 9mm . s
t
anda rd S upe r 8 h ome mov ie f i
lm c assettes. L itt
le i s
monochrome f ilm u pon wh ich the v ideo s i
gnal i si mpressed k
nown a bout t he S ylvan ia me thod e xcep t t hat i t uses
c
olour ma terial, b ut i ti sb el
ieved t hat the c ompany h as no
by a n e lectron b eam . T he t win-track f i
lm i s sc
anned
opt
ically a s i t sl
ides through t he r e adout a rea. S ound i s i
mmed iate ma rke t
ing p lans.
e
ncoded o n magne tic st
rips on both o ute r edge s of the fi
lm. T
he B ritish V idico rd me thod u ses a n electronic s cann ing
When u sed f or monochrome r eproduc t
ion , t he seven/inch t
echn ique, b ut t he me thod d oes n ot reproduce c olour.
Major featu re o f this f i
lm me thod i st hat the f i
lms can b e
d
iame ter c as
se tte o perates for 25 m inute s o n e ach o f t
he
h
ome -produced u sing n orma l mov ie c a meras, a nd many
two tracks. F or colour reproduction t he c hromat ic data is
p
ro spective u sers w il
l own , or h ave a cce ss to
, al i
brary o f
e
ncoded o n the s e
cond t rack; s
tereo s ound c an a ccompany
t
he c olour r eproduction b y u t
ilising b oth magne t
ic e
xisting S upe r 8c assette s.
T
he mo st se r
ious d isadvantage i st hat the c ost of c o
lour
r
eco rding str
ips.
The manu facturers cl a
im t hat EVR c opie s are cheap t o S
upe r 8 c asse ttes wou ld p reclude t he w idesp read s a
le o f
p
roduce , even ins mal
l b atches, and quote f igures of S18 for p
rereco rded ma ter
ial. T he V idico rd u nit i sq uo ted at 3 00
pound s ster
ling i nt he U .K . —i fy ou c ould b uy o ne.
2
5 m inutes o f colour ( for q uantit
ies of 2 000). T hey a dd
t
ha t this cost w
ill be reduced when an ew emu ls
ion r ep
laces
t
heir p resent h
aloid s ystem .
MAGNET
IC RECORD
ING
One g reat advantage o f t he EVR t echn ique i st hat the The s econd ma in g roup ing o f v
ideo -player type s isthat
p
laye r can be stopped a t any t ime (without d amag ing the u
tilising magne tic recording — a nd i tisinthis fi
eld that one
f
i
lm ), leav
ing single frames p rojected on the s c
reen. T h
is, o
f wou ld r easonab ly h ave e xpected c ompa tib
ility of me thod.
cou rse, is av a
luab le f eature f or educationa l fi
lms , video N ot so
!
m agazine s
, b ooks, e tc. N eedless t o s ay, t he e nt
ire Compan ies i n t he f ield a re Ampex , A vco, H itach
i,
'
Encyc lopedia Br
ittanica' can b e r e corded o n o ne Grund ig, JVC, Matsush ita
, P
hil
ip s
, S
anyo , S
ony,
s
even-inch ree
l, ifso de
sired
. Telefunken a nd T oshiba, a nd at present n ot one o f the
ir
On the debit si
de, EVR c as
settes can only be b ough
t in s
ys tems i sc ompa tible w ith a ny o
the r. H oweve r
, there isa
p
re-recorded f orm; itisn o
t feas
ib le t
o produce o ne's own t
rend t o fol
low e i
the r the E uropean d es
ign o f Ph
ilips or t
he
materia
l u s
ing a came ra, o
r recording from telev
ision. The J
apane se o ne, developed b y Sony.
s
ignal-noise ra
tio of the fi
lm i salso se
riously degraded by Sony , Ma tsushita a nd J VC h ave s aid t hat t hey w i
ll
s
urface dirt
. s
tanda rdize c o
lour v i
deo -tape c as
set tes and p layers, and
C
o s
t of EVR p layers iscurrently quoted as S 795 in t
he (
Cont
inued o
n p
age 1
18)

2
9
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY J
ULY 1
971
 A s
unny d
ay i
n New York C
ity
.

E
l
ect
ron
icExhaus
tA naly
sis
h
e
lpstocon
tro
lp ol
lut
ion
B
A
ir p
ol
lution has b e
en w i
th use v
er
ACK i n 1 306 E ngland's K ing That d ifference i s p ho to -chem ical
s
i
nce men began t oliv
e i ncommun i
tie
s Edwa rd I is
sued a p roclama t
ion smog , f i
rst i dentified b y D r. A . J .
—but i
tdidn't become as e
r
iou s a
bou t ai
r po
llution -a nd in 1542 Haagen -Sm it a s r
ecent ly a s 1 950 .
d
ange
r unti
l petroleum f ue
lsc ame t
he S panish e xp
lorer J uan R odrigues Haagen -Sm it's d iscove ry p inpo inted
Cabri
llo, u pon seeing the L os Angeles t
he mo to r
-ca r e ngine a s t he ma jo r
i
n
to use
. Thisarticle exp
lainsw hy —
b
asin, named i tt
he B ay of Smoke. cont ributo r o f smog i nc ity a rea s
.
a
nd how el
ectronic gasa na
lysi
si s O
ld t hough t he problem i s
, the
re's a
- Wha t h e found w as t hat t here i sa
h
e
lping toreduce t he pr
oblem. l
ot of di f
ference between s moke from pho to-chem ica l r
e action w hen u nbu rn t
I
ndian c
a mp f
i
res
, o
r L
ondon 's hydroca rbon s a nd n itrogen o xide s
c
himneys , and the contam inants from (em itted by i
nterna l-combus t
ion
i
nterna l-co mbust ion a
utomob ile engine s
) a re e xposed t o sun light .
e
ngines. The r
esultant p
ho to -chem ically
p
roduced s mog i sn o
to nly i ritating a nd
h
a rmfu l t o h umans — i t can a lso
s
erious ly a ffec t a ni mals a nd c rop s in
a
gricu ltu ral a reas. I ta l
so r esult s inl e
ss
1
0. S
Itu
t F
r
ion
irt
,et obvious b ut s ubstant ial l os ses d ue t o
d
e te r
io ration o
f p
aint , metal,
1
5 s
tonewo rk , r ubbe r, n ylon a nd o th er

t
ex tiles a
nd t o t he r educ tion i n
1
3 s
un light wh ich i n s o
rtie a rea s o f t he
U
.S .A . n ow e xceed s 4 0 p ercent .
C
a rbon monox ide , whilst not
c
on tribut ing t o p ho to-chem ica l s mog ,
a
l
so c ont ribute s to a i
r p ollut ion .

WHAT
'S I
N E
XHAUST G
ASES
F
igure 1 g raphically i lust
rate s the
r
e
la t
ion ship between a ir
-fuel rat
io a nd
t
he c onsti
tuen ts of e xhaus t gas
. N ote
1•
• H HO CA HBONS t
hat t he b road t op o f the c urve
1 1 1 r
epresenting c arbon d ioxide o ccurs at
8 1
0 1
2 4 1
6 2
0 7
2 74 a
n a i
r-fuel rat
io o f 1 4
.8 :1, and t hat
h
ydrogen a nd c arbon monox ide d rop
F
IG 1.Graph shows how exhaust gas c
onsti
tuents v
ary with chang
ing a
i
r/fue
l r
atio
. n
early t o zero. H ydroca rbon c ontent
(
Mole % Vo
lu me i
s mo
lecular weight d
ivided b
y spec
ific g
ravi
ty.) d
ecrease s a
s ai
r-fuel ratio isw eakened .

3
0 E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 I
n e ng
ines wh ich h ave n ot b een
Emiss
ion I
ncrease
modif
ied t
o r
educe emis s
ion ,
Hydroca
rbon C
arbon
c
arburation i susua l
ly s e
t to provide a n
Ma
lfunc
tion P
PM monox
ide -
%
a
i
r-fuel rat
io b etween 1 2
:1 a nd 1 3:1
1cy
linder —occa
siona
l m
iss 4
20
d
uring id
ling, 12:1 d ur
ing a cce
le ration ,
a
nd 1 5:1 f or high-speed c ruis
ing . T he 1cy
linder —cont
inuous m
iss 2
000
R
ich id
le m
ixture 1
.0%
c
r
itica
l n ature o f air-fuel r atio i n
r
educing em iss
ions i sobvious. L
ow idle s
peed (
50 RPM b
elow s
pec
.) 4
5
As ar esult of g overnment p ressure s, Advance t
iming (
5° b
eyond s
pec
.) 6
0
a
uto mob il e manufac turers are F
aulty p
osit
ive c
rankca
se v
ent
ila
tion 4
3 1
.0%
c
urrently mod ifying e ngines to r educe C
hoke s
e
t r
i
ch (
2 n
otche
s) 2
0 .
60
t
he quan t
ity o f c ontam inants em it ted . Hea
t ri
ser v
a
lve st
uck o
pen 3
5 .
18
One me thod o f a ch ieving t his i s 5
20 3
.25
A
ir in
ject
ion s
ystem i
nope
rat
ive
e
xt reme ly a
ccurate c
ontrol o
f
c
arbura tion — e specia
lly d ur
ing i d
ling, F
IG 2
. How e
ngine ma
lfunct
ions a
ffect p
ollut
ion
.
when p ol
lution i shighest. The e ng ine
c
oo ling s ys
tem w ill al
so b e mod ified,
HYDROCARBON L
EVELS I
N
e
nsur ing t hat the e ng
ine o perate s at THE LOS ANGELES BAS
IN
a
re f rom t he c arburet to r float b owls
t
empe ratures e xceeding 1
95 0 F t o A
a
nd f uel tanks wh ich prev iously v ented
o
b tain c omp le
te m ixture c ombus t
ion .
t
o a tmo sphere. T hese a re n ow v ented
Ano ther method o
f r
educ ing
t
o the e ngine i n
let man ifo ld.
c
ontam inants i s to inject air a t l ow
T
he se mod ifications r educe e xhaust
ITHOUT CONTROLS
p
ressure i n
to t he e xhaus t p orts, c
lose / W
HYDROCARBONS

/ c
ontam inant s t o a l eve l b e
low t he
t
o t he e xhaus t v alves. T his e xtra air
/DAY

/
c
urrent U .S. legal lim
it s ( 275 p arts p
er
f
urthe r oxidises a
ny r
emaining
mi
llion h ydroca rbons a nd 11 /% c
2 arbon
TONS

1
u
nburnt f uel wh ich may o therwise \
i ACTUA EM
ISS
IONS
monox ide), prov iding t he e ngine isin
e
scape i n
to t he exhaus t system . c
orrec t wo rking o rder. F ig. 2s hows
C
rankcase emission, p
reviously
v
ented to a
tmosphe re v
ia t
he n
o
-
L
r
,7L
y --
- r
--- -
--- : t
he i
f
or va
n
c
r
rease i
ious e ng
n exhaus
ine ma
t c
lfunc t
ontam
ions .
inants
I
F ALL CARS
c
rankca se b reathe r, w i
ll b e contro
lled WERE 1
971 MODELS
b
y p ositive c rankcase v enti
lation, i n H
OW G
AS A
NALYSERS WORK
YEARS 1
940 1
950 1
960 1
970 1
980 1
990
which man ifo ld v acuum c reates aflow
Legisla t
ion t
o l
im it e
xhaus t
o
f u nburnt g ases f rom t he c rankcase
c
ontam inan t s i si n effec tive u nle ss t he
b
ack t o t he inlet man ifold. GRAPH o fh yd
rocarbon l eve
ls i
n t
he Los Ange
les v
arious c omponent s o f t he g as c an b e
No l ess t han 1 0 t o 1 5% o f a l
l b
asin
, showing ef
fectiveness ofa
nti
-pol
lution i
sola ted a nd mea sured — b y mo to r
hydroca rbon em issions f rom v ehicles d
evices f
i
tted t
o latest c
ars
.
mechan ics wo rk ing i nt he f i
eld .
Exhaus t g as a naly se rs c apab le o f
mea sur ing t
he hydroca rbon a
nd
c
arbon monox ide c on tent d o n ot u se
t
he s ame o pera ting p rinc ip le a s t he
t
he rma l conduc tiv ity i
nst rument s
c
u rrent ly u sed b y t he g arage i ndus try .
The rma l c onduct iv ity i
nst rument s
m ea sure t he a bility o f t he e xhaus t ga s
t
o t rans fer h ea t f r om a p re -hea ted
p
l atinum w ire. E xhaus t g as p roduced
f
r om a n air
- fue l r at
io o f 1 3.3 :1 h as the
s
ame t he rma l c onduct iv ity a s a ir a nd
t
hus h as t he s ame c oo ling e ffec t. A
mix ture l eane r t han 1 3
.3 :1 w ill h ave a
t
he rma l c onduct ivity l ower t han a ir
and t he p latinum w ire w ill b ecome
w arme r than i fi tw e re c ooled b y a ir,
wh ils t a m ixture r iche r t han 1 3
.3 :1
will h ave at herma l c onduct ivity h igher
than a ir a nd t he p la t
inum w ire w ill
b
ecome c oo le r
.
The r e
lative c ooling e f fec t o f t he g as
o
n t he h eated p latinum w ire c ause s a
c
hange i n the t empe ra ture o f t he w ire
a
nd h ence ac hange i ni t
s r esis tance .
I
th as b een p roved t ha t measurement
o
f t he rma l c onduc tiv ity o f a g as
s
amp le c or rela tes v ery c lose ly w ith a
c
hem ical a naly sis o f t he s ame s amp le
— b ut i tw ill o n
ly d o t his f or m ix ture
s
treng ths b elow 1 4
.8 :1 b ecause a s t he
a
ir/fue l r atio i nc rea se s b eyond t his
r
atio , t he c arbon d iox ide c ontent o f
t
he e xhaus t g as d im in ishe s d ue t o a n
i
n crea se i n o xygen . T h
is c ause s a n
i
n crease i n t he rma l c onduc tiv ity a nd

ELECTR ONICS TO D AY —J ULY 1

971 3
1
 i
nfra-red i n
strumen t p rovide s b oth
quant itat ive and qualitative
E
l
ect
ron
icExhaus
tA na
lys
is measuremen ts.
h
e
lpstocon
tro
lp ol
lution One form o f i n
fra-red g as analy ser is
s
hown i n F
ig. 4 . In t h
is i n
stru ment a n
E X H AUST e
xhaus t ga
s s amp le pi cked u p from t he
G AS
v
ehicle's tai
lp ipe i sd rawn i nto t he te
st
p
robe b y a p os
itive d isplacement
p
ump . T he samp le then p asses through
ac ondense r
, w ater trap and p articulate
f
i
lte r
. F rom t he f i
lter t he s ample
p
as ses through t he three-way v alve a nd
t
he e xhaus t f l
ow i ndica tor, o n its way
AI R
t
o t he i nfra-red u n
its a nd t heir
d
etec tion d evices.
The sample n ow p a
s se
s t hrough t he
h
yd rocarbon infra-
red u nit
, whe re t he
h
yd rocarbon is d e
tec ted. D ue t o the
n
on-dispers
ive c haracterist
ics o f t he
a
nalyser, t
he same s amp le i spassed o n
i
n
to t he carbon monox ide i n
f ra-
red
u
nit, whe re t he c arbon monox ide
c
ontent isdetected.
The o utput s i
gnals o f both the
C U R R E NT c
arbon monox i d
e and t
he
F
IG 3
. S
che mat
ic d
iagra m o
fcata
lyt
ic c
arbon monoxide t
ester
. h
ydroca rbon d e
tectors a
re f
ed to t
heir
r
e
spec tive mete
rs b
y s
o
lid
-state
ampl
ifiers.

r
eadings o f c arbon monox ide a nd I
n as imp
ler form , t
he i
nfra
-red un
it
t
he mete r s tarts c om ing b ack t he o the r
h
ydroca rbons result from t he amount i
salso manufactured to d
etect c
arbon
way .
o
f i nfra
-red e nergy wh ich t hese gases monoxide o
nly.
This e ffect makes t he i nst rument
v
alue les s f or p ollut ion measurement — (
and o n
ly these gases) absorb or 'b
lock Both t ypes o f instrument a re i n
f
or, a s F ig . 1s hows , i t i st he r egion o
ff' a s they p a
s s through a b eam o f c
om mon u se around the wo r
ld and a re
a
round a nd a bove 1 4.8 :1 t hat i s s o i
n
f ra
- red l i
ght. Since t he amount o f c
urrently be
ing evalua
ted i n A us
t ra
lia.
c
r
it ica l. T his l imita tion a ppl
ies t o a l e
nergy a
bsorbed a
t a p art
icular A
ll w e need n ow iss o me le
gis
la t
ion
g
a s a
na lyse rs o
f t
he t
herma l w
ave length i s a n i nd
ica t
ion o f t he - af
ter al
l, it
's b
een a long time s ince
c
onduct ivity t
ype , i
r
re spec tive of n
umber o f mo lecu les p resent, t he 1
306 ! •
AMB
IENT A
IR
make .
The l eading c ontender s i n t he n ew
t
ype s o f g as a na lysers a re t he C atalytic EXHAUST
SAMPLE
CO T este r a nd t he I nfra -red T es ter. WATER TRAP &
THREE WAY

The c ata lyt ic t ester, b ecause o f i t

s CONDENSER/FILTER
T
EST/CALIBRATE

PROBE
, HOSE VALVE
r
e
la tive ly l ow c ost a nd r easonab le TA
ILP
IPE & CONDENSER
a
ccu racy , i s ap opu lar i nstrument f o
r
t
he measurement o f c arbon monox ide
(
Fig . 3 ).
I
n o perat ion , a measured amount o f
p
ure a ir a nd e xhaus t g as i s p umped
i
nto ac ombus tion c hambe r, whe re i tis EXHAUST F
LOW
h
ea ted t o ah igh t empe rature b y means I
NDICATOR

o
f ah ea ted p latinum w ire . T his b urns
t
he c arbon monox ide , c onve rting i tto
c
arbon d iox ide . T he h ydrogen i s HYDROCARBON
c
onve rted t
o water v apour . T he I
NFRA
-RE D TYPE AMPLIFIER

r
esu lting t emperature c hange i n t he DETECT
ION UN
IT

h
o t p latinum w ire i sp ropo rtiona l t o
t
he amount o fc arbon monox ide i nt he
g
as.
This t ype o f i nstrument measure s the CARBON MONOXIDE

c
a rbon monox ide and hydrogen I
NFRA RED TYPE AMPL
IFIER
DE T
ECT
ION UN
IT
c
on tent o f t he g as. T he me te r i s
c
alib rated i n p ercentage o f c arbon
monox ide . I ti su nab le t o measure t he
c
a rbon d
iox ide c
ontent and i
s
unsu itab le f or t uning p urpo ses, o ther
SAMPLE
t
han t o measure t he c a rbon monox ide OUTLET
F
LOW CONTROL & SAMPLE
c
ontent at i
d
le s
peed t
o meat REL
IEF VALVE PU MP
l
egisla tive r equ irements .
T he i n
f ra- red g as a nalyse rs e xplo it
t
he princ
iple o
f energy a
bsorpt
ion at F
IG 4
. S
che mat
ic d
ra w
ing s
how
s o
perat
ing p
rinc
iple o
f I
nfra
-Red h
ydro
-carbon
s
pec
ific f
r
equenc
ies. T
he me
ter a
nd c
arbon monoxide t
ester
.

3
2 ELECT R O NI CS TO D A Y —J UL Y 1
971
L
oad-sens
ing
This v a
lue i sfair
ly c r
itica l: t oo h igh a
r
esis tance w ill r esu lt i n ' hun ting ',
whils t t oo l ow r esis tance w i
ll c ause a
r
educ t
ion i nl ow s peed t o rgue .

f
u
ll-w
ave
Tab le 1 s how s n om ina l r esistance
v
alue s c alcula ted f or t hree d iffe rent
mo to r s izes; b ut s ince t he o pt
i mum
value d
epends u
pon motor

s
peed con
tro
l
c
ha rac teristics a s w ell a s s i
ze, i t is
p
re fe rab le t
o use a
n a
djus table
w
ire -wound r heo sta t t o e stablish t his
v
alue .
C
l d i
scharge s t hrough t he u nijunc t
ion We s hou ld w arn p otent ial b ui
lde rs
T
hi
su nusualT r
iac ci
rcuitp rovides
a
nd p ulse t ran sfo rme r T i , t rigge r
ing t
ha t, i n c om mon w ith a l o the r p owe r
f
e
edback control ofac/dc cont ro ller s and s w
itche s, t his u nit w ill
t
he T riac i n
to c onduc tion .
c
ommu tator motors
. B e
caus es uch While t he T r
iac i s conduc ting , t he
be s ub jec t t o the E lec t r
icity A utho r
ity
d
ev
icesa r
es ub
jec ttoE l
ectricity r
e gu lations f or ' p
re sc ribed ' d evices i fi t
v
oltage o n t he a c s ide o f t he b r
idge i s
is b uilt a s a c ont rol b ox l o
ca ted
A
uthori
ty control, t
he ar
ticle is r
educed t o t he l evel d eterm ined b y the
between l i
ne v o
ltage a nd c on tro l
led
i
n
tended primari
ly for equipmen t v
oltage d rop a cro ss t he T riac a nd t he
app liance b y flexible c ab le.
m
anufacturersand ful
lc on st
ructiona
l l
oad -sens ing r esisto r. T his d rop i s
T his i n e ffec t means t ha t, ifb u
i lt in
p
ropor t
iona l t o mo to r c ur ren t a nd
d
eta
ilsaren o
tg iven
. th
is f orm , t he u nit MUST mee t
p
rov ides t he n ece ssa ry f eedback s i
gnal .
App rova l a nd T est S pecifica t
ions C 100
The f eedback v o
ltage i sr e ct
ified b y
and C 127 a nd mus t b e t ested a nd
ANY motor -driven devices t
he b ridge a nd c ha rge s C l t o al e
ve l
s
tamped b y t he A utho rity .
r
equire s peed t o b ev a
ried o ve r a d
e term ined b y t he mo to r l oad. T he
We w i
ll b e p ublish ing a s tatement
wide range. P rov iding t he load i s l
arge r t he l oad o n t he mo to r, t he
c
ons tan t, ac ontrol c i
rcuit s im i
la r t o f
rom t he A utho rity c l
arify ing t he
g
rea ter t he c harge o n C l — a nd t he
si
tua tion , b ut i n t he meant i me w arn
t
ha t used f or d omes tic light d imme rs h
ighe r t he c harge o n C l, t he s horte r
b
uilde rs a nd k it p art s s upp lie rs t hat
w
ill suf f
ice. t
he t ime r equ ired f or i tt o b e f i
nally
p
ena lties f or c on traven ing t he A c t are
Howeve r
, t here a re a n umbe r o f c
harged t o t he u n
ijunc tion f i
ring
a
pp l
ica tions s uch a s s mall mach ine s
evere
.
vo
ltage o n t he n ext h alf-cyc le o f
t
ools, p ot
te r
's whee ls, e tc., i n wh ich I
t i
s, o
f cour
se, p e
rfec
tly le
gal t
o
ope ration .
t
he l o ad i sc onstant ly v arying — a nd i
ncorpora
te t
he ci
rcu
it inan a
ppl
iance
.
T
hus , a s t he mo tor i s l oaded a nd
f
or t his type o f use i tisd es
irable t o d
raws mo re c urren t , the f ir
ing a ngle i s
h
ave s ome f orm o f l oad-sens ing circu it correspond ing ly a dvanced , c aus ing a
which w i
ll ma inta in s peed a t a ny p
ropo rtiona te i n crease i n t he r ms
P
a
rts L
i
st
r
equ ired l eve
l d espite c hange s in lo ad. voltage a pplied t o t he mo tor a nd R
1 3
3K 5Wa t
t
There a re a n umbe r o f e xisting hence a n i ncrea se i n i ts a vailable R2 1
0k 12 W
/ at
t
c
ircuit s wh ich a ch ieve t his; b ut t he torque . R3 1
00k 12 W
/ att linear pot
majo r
ity o f these a re h a
lf-wave d evices D
iode D6 a nd c apac ito r C 2 ma in tain R4 4
70 ohms / 2 W
1 a tt
a
nd, because of t
his
, canno
t prov
ide voltage a cros s t he u n
ijunc tion d uring R5 (
s
ee text)
c
ontro
lled speed o
ver t
he moto
r's f
ul
l that p eriod o f e ach h a
l f-cyc le d uring C
l 0
.1pf
r
ange . wh ich t he T r
iac i sc onduc ting . C2 l
Op f 1
0 V o
lt
The c ircuit s hown i n Fig. 1p rovides The v alue o f the l o
ad -sens ing r es
isto r C3 0
.1pf 630 Vo lt
moto r s
peed c
ont rol w
ith f
ull (
R5 ) d epends u pon t he max i mum R6 1
00 ohms 1 / Wa
2 tt
l
oad -sens ing f eedback . I t c an b e used r
ated l oad c urrent o f t he mo to r
. D1-4 d
iode bridge
t
o c ont rol a ny a c/dc c ommuta to r App rox imate v a
lue c an b e c alcu lated D5 z
enerd iode 5 .1 Vo lt
moto r o ver a s peed r ange o f a t least 2 D6 d
iode EM 4 01 o r simi
lar
f
r om t he e qua tion R 5 =— I
m whe re l m
t
hree t o o ne. A s the l oad-sensing s i
gna l Q1 u
nijunction 2 N2646
i
s o btained b y mon itoring t he moto r i
sthe max
imum r
a
ted mo
tor c
urren
t. 02 T
riac (to su
it l oad)
c
ur ren t
, n o mod if
icat ions n eed t o b e Ti p
ulse transfo rme r 1:1 r
at
io
made t o the mo to r
.
When t he T riac i s conduct ing, t he Moto
r r
a
ting R5
vo
ltage a pplied t o the mo tor i sthe f u
ll Watts F
i 06
Amps Oh ms
l
ine v oltage , l ess t he v oltage d rops 5
2 1
.0
a
cro ss t he l oad s ensing r esistor R5 a nd 10
3 0
.67'
t
he T r
iac i t
self
. 15
6
.5 0
.32
Voltage f or the p hase c ontro l ci
rcu it
TABL E 1
. No m
ina
l r
esi
stance v
alues
.
i
s p rov ided b y t he f ull
-wave d iode
b
ridge . I t i s c
lamped a t 5 .1 volts b y
z
ene
r d
iode D5
.

O
PERAT
ING P
RINC
IPLE
Assume t hat t he Triac is switched
o
ff
. T he timing c apac
ito r C
l c harges
t
o the fi
r
ing voltage of the u
ni
junct ion
a
t ar a
te determined b y the se
tting o f
R3
. When t he fi
ring vo
ltage isreached ,

S
PEC
IAL E
TPROJECT
3
3
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 P
RA CT
ICAL
G
UIDE L
a
a
r
s
t m
e us
on
th w
ed a
ss
es
w
it
how
che
sa
ed h
ow T
nd t
h
r
iac
e v
a
r
s
iou
s

T
OT RIAC
S
w
ay sthey ca
l
l het r
i
ggered
. The
s
econd ar
tic
le ofth
ist h
ree
-part s
e
rie
s
d
escr
ibes how they a
re u
sed t
o
c
ontro
l thea mount ofpower a
ppl
ied
t
oe l
ect
rical l
oad
s.

P
ar
t 2-
Pha
sec
on
tro
l H
OW P
A T
HASE C
r
ONTROL WORKS
iac can b e t r
igge
red i
n
to
c
onduct
ion during any p art of a
h
a
lf-cyc
le o
f app
lied v
oltage
, and w
ill

T
r
ema in c onducting u nt
il t he e nd o f
R
I ACS n ot o nly s witch p owe r
t
ha t half-cycle.
on a nd o ff a nd t hus r eplace
Thus, i f atr
igge r
ing s i
gnal isa pplied
mechan ical c ontac to rs - t hey
a
t t he b eginning o f each h a
lf-cycle, the
c
an a lso c on t
ro l the amount o f p owe r
a
pp lied to al oad. T
riac w i
ll i n effec t c onduct a s i f it
were as w
itch that h ad b een turned o n
.
There are t wo q uite d ifferent w ay s of
But i f t he tr
igge r
ing s i
gnal i sa pplied
u
sing T riac s for t h
is p urpo se — ' phase
h
alfway a long the w aveform , the Triac
c
ont rol' a nd ' z
ero v o
ltage s witch ing '
.
w
ill c onduc t o n
ly f or the r emain ing
P
hase c ontrol i st he me thod u sed t o
p
eriod o f that h alf-cycle; a nd a s the
c
ontro l light d im me rs, e l
ec tric mo to rs
,
T
riac c onduc ts for o nly h a
lf the t ime,
a
nd f or v oltage a nd c ur rent r egula to rs
.
T
riac i
str
iggered a
t t
his po
int
.‘`.
.. i
t r educe s the p owe r applied t o t he
H
eating l oads c an a lso b e c ontro lled
l
oad b y r oughly t he s ame a mount ( Fig.
F
ig. 1
6 i
n this w ay — b ut, for r easons o utlined 1
6).
Drawing sho w
s Tr
iac t
r
iggered l
a
ter i n t his a r
ticle, z ero v oltage
T
hus t he powe r i npu t t
o the load c an
a
t ha
lf- way po
int
. s
witching i s abetter te chn ique .
b
e s
e
t a
t a ny l e
vel s
imply b y

F
ig
. 1
7

Actua
l wavefo
r ms o
f ad
o mes
tic l
i
ght d
i m mer s
how
ing t
r
igger
ing a
t %
, & % po
int
s. Note c
orrespond
ing c
hanges i
n l
amp b
rightnes
s.

MODE

5
55
O
SCI
LLOSCOPE

V
OLTS
/CM T
R
IGGER
I T
IME/CM
VO
LTS
/CM T
R
IGGER
ING T
IME /
CM

34 ELECTR O NICS TO D A Y — JUL Y 1

971
 C H L
oad

alp
f
AC

T
rigge
r d
iode

0
.1p
1 0
.1p
f

F
ig
. 1
8 == L
i
F
ig
. 1
9
B
asic phase c
ontro
lcircu
it. S
imple v
ersat
ile pha
se c
ontro
lcircui
t i
ss u
itable
f
or d
omestic li
ght d
im m
ing and o
ther r
esi
stive l
oad
s.

c
ont
rol
ling t
he po
int a
t wh
ich t he s
ometimes u
sed i
n
stead o
f at
r
igge
r z
ero to maximum . As t
he
t
r
iggering s
i
gna
l i
s a
ppl
ied. d
iode
). p
otent iome ter control isa dvanced , t he
O
scil
loscope p i
cture s (Figs
. 1 7a, b
, c
) The t ime r equired f or t he 0 .1p f l
oad c urrent w il
l j ump q uite s udden ly
s
how t he 50Hz w aveform t r
iggered a
t c
apac ito r t o c ha rge t o t he d iode f
rom z ero t o some i ntermed iate v alue
t
hree d i
fferent p oints
. No tice the t
r
igge ring voltage i sd ete rm ined b y the f
rom wh ich i t can o nly t hen b e
c
orresponding c hange i n br
ill
iance of r
es istance o
f the c
ont rol c
ontro l
led smoo thly i
n ei
the r
t
he lamp used as aload. potent iome te r
. When t his i sreduced t o d
i
rec tion .
z
ero , t he capac ito r wi
ll c harge t o the I
f the p owe r supp ly i s momenta r
ily
t
r
igge r voltage i nstantaneous ly and t he i
n
te rrup ted while t
he l
i
ght s a
re
L
IGHT D
IMMERS '
T
riac w il
l be g ated into c onduc t
ion f or d
immed b e
low t his 'j
ump ' (hys teresis)
The c
i
rcu
it o
f a commerc
ial
ly p
ract ically the c omp lete h alf cycle
. A t l
e
vel, t he l i
ghts w i
ll r emain o ff w hen
p
roduced li
ght d
imme
r i
s s
hown i n max imum p
otent iome ter r es
istance p
owe r issub sequently r e
sto red.
F
ig
. 18. t
he c apacitor may n ot r each the diode
Dur
ing e ach h a
lf-cycle the 0 .1 p f t
r
igge ring v o
ltage u nti
l t he e nd o f the R
EDUC
ING H
YSTERES
IS
h
alf -cycle, a nd t he T r
iac w il
l c onduc t The hysteres
is ef
fec t isc
onsiderab
ly
c
apacito r cha
rges u p (v
ia the c ontrol
p
o tentiometer) unti
l i tre
ache s 3 0
-32 f
or o n
ly av ery s ho rt t
ime . r
educed i n the ci
rcuit shown i n F
ig.
v
olts. At th
is vo
ltage the tr
igge r d
iode The c
ircu it shown in Fig
. 18 isvery 1
9. T h
is c i
rcuit is i
dea
l for use as a
c
onducts a nd the v o
ltage a cros
s t he s
imple and c heap to make but h
as one do mestic l
i
ght dim me
r. A
ll
c
apac itor '
g
ates
' t
he T
riac i
nto ma
jor limitation - namely, t
hat power c
omponent s can b
e mounted b ehind a
c
onduc t
ion. (
A neon l
amp i
s c
annot b e c ontro
lled smoo th
ly f r
om wa
ll s w
itch p la
te — a nd if the lo
ad

ELECT R O NI CS TO D A Y — JULY 1
971 3
5
 P
RA CT
ICAL d
oe
w
il
s n
l n
o
o
t e
t r
xceed 2
equ
00 w
ire ah
eat s
i
at
nk
t
.
s, t
he T
riac

G
UIDE A
l most tota
l f
reedom from h ys
teres
is

T
OT RIAC
S i
s
d
imme
r
equ
rs
ired
. T h
f
is c
o
r
an b
t
heat
e a
r
ica
ch
l l
i
ght
ieved b y
u
s
ing the ci
rcuit s
hown in F
ig. 20.

WHAT S
IZE T
RIAC?
I
ncande scent l amp s d raw a v ery
h
eavy c urrent d ur
ing t he t ime taken
f
or t he f i
lament t o reach o pe
ra t
ing
t
empe rature s
. T his o n-rush c urrent
may e xceed t he working c u
rrent by 1 0
t
o 1 2 t ime s
. F or
tunate ly d ome st
ic
l
i
ght b ulbs reach wo rking t emperature
w
ithin a c ycle o r t wo , a nd t he
s
hort-term o ve r
load i sa
b sorbed b y the
T
riac.
T
his d oes not a pply to t heatr
ical
l
i
gh ting equipment , where the l a
rger
F
ig
. 2
0 L
i wattage b u
lbs t ake longer to r each
S
uitab
le f
or t
heat
rica
lli
ght d
im m
ing
, t
h
isc
i
rcu
ith
as v
ery l
ow h
yster
isi
s. working temperature. For t
his type of
u
se t he T
riac must be r
ated to ca
rry at
0 l
east fi
ve times the normal max i mum
l
oad.

V
OLTAGE F
LUCTUAT
IONS
A
ll t he control circuits shown so fa
r
a
re v oltage d ependen t — t hat i
s
, the
o
u tput v o
ltage c hange s i f t
he input
v
oltage changes. Th
is vo
ltage
d
ependence c an b e overcome b y u
sing
a circu it i n wh ich a z ener diode
AC s
tabi
lize s t
he voltage a c
ross the t
iming
c
apacito r (
Fig. 21)
.
T
his a
r
rangemen t w
ill maintain
p
ractical
ly c ons tant o utput d espite
s
ubstantial change s inli
ne v o
ltage. Itis
f
requently u sed i n pho
tog raph ic a nd
o
ther a pplications whe re a c ons
tant
l
i
ght level isrequired.

0 F
LUORESCENT L
AMPS
F
ig
. 2
1
W
ith al t he p hase c ontrol c i
rcu it
s
Z
ene
rst
abi
lised c
i
rcu
it ma
inta
ins c
ons
tant p
re-set o
utput d
esp
ite c
hanges i
n l
i
ne v
oltage
. s
hown s o f ar
, i ncande scent f i
lament
l
amp s can b e c ontrol
led w ith n o
L
oad
f
urther mod ifica
tions t o the h ouse
l
i
ghting sys
tem . Fluo rescent lamp sc an
a
l
so b e d
im med b y this type of control
5
00k
u
nit — and the techn ique w i
ll b e fu
lly
d
escribed i
n a f u
ture i
ssue o
f
ELECTRON ICS TODAY .
Quar tz iodine and simila r l amps using
a regene ra tive h a
logen c ycle shou ld
not be d im med f or any l eng th of time.
I
f t he e nvelope t empe ra ture o f t he
A
/C
l
amp d
rop s b
elow 2
50 0 C, t
he
r
egene rating ha
logen c yc le c ease s
.
Tungs ten f rom t he filament w i
ll b e
d
epo sited o n the w al
l o f t he l amp,
r
educing f i
lament l i
fe a nd d ecreasing
t
he li
ght t r
ansm iss
ion o f t he g l
ass.
A mod if
icat ion wh ich c an b e used
w
ith a ny o f t he ci
rcuits discussed so
f
ar is s hown i
n F ig. 2 2. T h
is
a
r
rangement t
urns li
ghts on a
s
d
arkne ss fa
lls and turns them o ffagain
a
t dayb reak. T he pho to c e
ll must see
F
ig
. 2
2 ambient li
ght a nd be sh
ielded from t he
1
00µH,
P
hoto
-ce
ll sw
itches T
riac o
n a
tnight
, o
ff d
uring d
ay. c
ontrolled light.

3
6 ELECT R O NICS TO D A Y —J ULY 1
971
MOTOR S
PEED C
ONTROL
Triac p hase -cont ro l c an b e u sed t o
v
a ry t he s peed o f e lec t
ric mo to rs
. A
lte
rna
tive l
oad p
osit
ion
The u nive rsal t ype o f s e r
ies-wouna
mo to r may b e c ontro lled b y c i
rcu its
s
im ila r t o those u sed f or l i
ght d imm ing
— e xcept t hat, t o e nsure r e
liab le
commutat ion , a c apac itor a nd s er
ie s
r
esis tance mus t
' b e c onnec ted in 0
.1p
f
parallel a cros s the T riac ( Fi g
. 2 3). W ith
t
his a rrangement t he s peed o f t he
mo to r w ill v ary w ith c hange s i n l o ad
a
nd s upp ly v o
ltage , b ut f o r n on-critica l
a
pp lica tions (
such a
s f
an speed A
/C
c
ont rol), whe re t he l oad i sc onstant a t
a
ny g iven s peed , t he c ircu it may w e
ll
b
e a dequate .
Mo to r s peed wh ich , o nce p re-se t, i s i
o
oS2
main tained d espite l oad c hanges i sa
u
se fu l c haracter istic f or p owe r t oo ls, 0
.1p
f 0
.1 0
l
abo ra to ry s
t
irre rs, watchmaker s
'
l
athe s p otter s' whee ls, e tc. T o o btain
t
his ' load s ensing ' c harac terist
ic, a n
SCR i sc ommon ly u sed i n ah a
lf-wave
c
onf igu ration ( Fig . 2 4). T he c i
rcu it 0
wo rks q uite w e
ll o ve r al imited r ange
o
f s peed b ut i s p rone t o l ow-speed
'
cogg ing ' a nd t he h alf-wave o perat ing F
ig
. 2
3
p
rinc ip le p
recludes contro lled P
hase-controlc ircuit f
or
o
pe ra tion much b eyond h a
lf s peed . i
nductive l
oads, it may b e
A l oad s ensing p hase -cont rol c i
rcu it n
ecessary to connect t he l
oad
i
n wh ich a T r
iac p rov ide s f ul
l z ero t o i
nalternat
ive p osit
ion s hown
t
o obtain adequate c ontrol
.
max iumum c ontro l i s s hown i n F ig.
25
. T his c ircu it i sd esc r
ibed i n d etail S
CR
o
n p age 3 3 o f this i s
sue .

F
ig
. 2
4.
I
NDUCT
ION M
OTORS H
alf
- wave SCR c
i
rcuitprov
ides
I
nduct ion mo tor s c an a lso b e T r
iac f
eedback s
peed c
ontrol
.
c
ont rolled — b ut s ome p rob lems may
b
e encounte red, e
specially w
ith
s
pl
it-pha se o r c apac itor s tart mo tors.
I
n gene ral, i nduct ion mo tors c an b e
c
ont rolled b etween f ul
l a nd h a
lf speed ,
p
rov id
ing t hey a re n ot run atf ul
l l oad.
A r easonab ly r e
liab le g uide i s mo to r
F
ig
. 2
5
o
pe rating t empe rature . T h
is mus t n ot
e
xceed t he manufacture r's r at
ing a t This f
ul
l- wave l
oad s
ensing
c
ircuit wi
llc ont
rolac/dc R
i D6
a
ny s peed .
motors over wide s
peed range
.

d
Once
imme r c
a
i
gain
rcu
, t
it s
he mod
hown i
if
n F
ied l
ig. 2
i
ght
3 c an
- AN
"-•
b
e u sed , b ut t he l oad s hould b e
c
onnec ted i n the a lterna t
ive p osition
s
hown i nd otted l ines.

VARYING TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE
The c ircu
it a r
rangement d escr
ibed
a
bove c an a l
so b e used to v a
ry t he
v
o
ltage i n the primary w inding o f a
t
r
ans forme r a
nd t
hus o b
tain a
n
a
djustable seconda ry output
.
This ar
rangemen t was used in arange
o
f microscope l
amp c
ontro
llers
d
es
igned by t
he write
r some years a
go.
An a
djus
tab
le ze
ro-setw as o
bta
ined b y
r
ep
lacing t
he 47K r e
sis
tor by a1 00k
A
/C
p
otent
iometer
. 2
40 v
olt
5
0Hz
H
EAT
ING L
OADS
Any o f t he T
riac p hase
-control
c
i
rcuits s
hown so f
ar can be used to
c
ontro
l h ea
ting l
oads
, although t he

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 3
7
P
RA CT
ICAL L
oad

G
UIDE
T
OT RIAC
S
5
k

t
empe rature o t t he c ontro lled l oad w ill
v
ary w ith c hange s i n line v oltage a nd
amb ient t empe rature .
A c ircu it wh ich c ompensates f or
t
he se c hanges i s s hown i n F ig. 2 6.
Theo re tica lly t h
is c ircuit c an ma intain 1
k
t
empe rature t o w ith in 1 % o f t he s et
p
oint d espite l i
ne v oltage c hange s o f
_
:
10%
4 . A ctua l p er fo rmance d epends
u
pon t he d esign a nd c ons truct ion o f
t
he s ys tem i n wh ich t he c ontro ller is A
/C X X
u
sed .
This c ircuit p rov ide s p ropo rtiona l
c
ont rol — t hat i s
, f ull p owe r i sa pplied
t
o t he h eat ing e lements wh ile t he l o
ad
i
s w arm ing u
p, u
ntil, a
t s o me

II
11
i
nte rmed iate s tate , t
he p
owe r i s
r
educed b y a n amount p ropo rtiona l to
t
he d iffe rence b etween t he a ctua l l o
ad
t
empe rature a nd t he r equ ired l o
ad 0
t
empe rature . T he p ropo rtiona l b and i s F
ig
. 26
a
djus tab le b y a' gain ' cont rol
. T
his c
ircu
itp
rov
ides p
roport
iona
l c
ont
rol o
fheat
ing l
oad
s.
The c i
rcu it i s s imp le y et e ffec t
ive ,
b
ut i t h as o ne ma jo r f ai
ling wh ich 5 pH , a nd t his n ecces sitates af u
ll-size load i s c ontro lled by v ary ing t he r a
tio
r
estricts i t
s u se t o a l
l b ut l ight l oads. c
hoke . o
f t ime t hat p owe r i sa pp lied , t o t he
This i sr adio i nter fe rence . The l imitation o f this t ype o f circuit t
ime t ha t p owe r iss witched o ff. F or
i
s t hat t he r f choke h as to c arry t he examp le , i f o nly a s ma ll a mount o f
R
ADIO I
NTERFERENCE f
ull l
oad c ur
rent , a nd o nce t h
is powe r i sr equ ired , t he T riac i sc aused
A
l
l p hase c ontro l sys tems g ene rate e
xceeds ak ilowa tt or t wo, the phys ical t
o p a s
s j ust af ew c omp le te h a
lf-cyc le s,
l
a
rge amounts o f r adio i nterfe rence , s
i
ze o f t he c hoke b ecome s e xcessive. t
hen r ema in s witched o f f f or af u rthe r
p
rimar ily a
t l
ow a
nd med ium The l a
rge r t he l o
ad , t he mo re difficult 30 o r 4 0 c omp lete h alf-cyc les b efo re
f
requenc ies. I t s e
riously a f
fec ts t he a
nd e xpens ive i tb ecome s to fi
lter o ut r
epea t
ing t he s equence ( Fig . 2 7).
l
ong a nd med ium w ave r ecept ion o f t
he r f c omponent s
. ( The p roblem i s I
t w ill b e a pparen t t ha t t he z ero
r
adio t ransm issions a nd w i
ll a lso b e n
o t asa cute f o
r i nduc tive l oads such a s voltage s witch ing s ystem c an o nly b e
p
icked u p b y a udio e qu ipment , when e
lectric mo to rs
, whe re t he l oad i tse
lf u
sed t
o c ont rol loads t hat h ave
i
ti sh ea rd a s ar aucous b uzz. T his r f
i a
ttenuates t he r f
i). cons ide rable i nertia, s uch a s h ea ting
c
an a lso i nterfere w ith l abo rato ry P
hase c ontro l al
so i nt roduce s ano ther e
lement s w hich b y t he ir n atu re w ill
a
ppa ratus , e specially p H me ter s, a nd p
rob lem — n ame ly t he l oad p owe r a
ve rage o ut t he b u rsts o f e nergy . Z ero
h
as b een k nown t o c ause e rratic f
acto r. T his isa dversely a ffected a nd i s vo
ltage s w
itch ing c anno t b e u sed f or
o
pe rat
ion o f d igital c ompute rs a nd s
o me thing t
ha t p
owe r s
upp ly cont rol ling l i
gh ting o r mo to r speed .
o
the r equ ipment . a
utho r
itie s r
egard w ith l
e
ss t han L
oad p owe r f acto r isn o t affec ted i n
T
he r adiated e nergy c an b e r educed e
quan im ity. any w ay b y z ero v oltage s witch ing.
b
y i nc
lud ing a n rfc hoke i nse r
ie s w ith Until r e
cen tly t he d rawback t o z ero
t
he p owe r li
ne ( shown a s L 1 i nc ircu its Z
ERO V
OLTAGE S
WITCH
ING voltage switch ing was t
hat t
he
a
ccompany ing t his a r
ticle). As uitab le V
irtual
ly t o
tal f r
eedom f rom r f
i c an t
e chn ique r equ ired a l arge n umbe r o f
c
hoke c an b e made b y w ind ing 4 0 to b
e a ch
ieved b y aT riac c ontro
l s ystem component s.
5
0 t urns o f e name lled c oppe r w ire k
nown a sz ero voltage switching. F
ortunate ly t he f unc tions n ece ssa ry
a
round a p iece o f ferrite a e r
ia l r od. Th
is s ys
tem d iffers f r
om p ha se f
or z ero v o
ltage s witch ing h ave b een
Th
is w ill p rovide a n i nductance o f c
ontrol i n that li
ne v o
ltage i sswitched made a vailab le i n an i nteg rated c ircu it
a
pprox . 100 pH
. For g
rea ter '
on' as w e
ll as ' o
ff' only a t the z e
ro — a nd, b y u sing t h
is s pecialized i c
,
s
upp ression i t w il
l b e n eces sa ry t o c
rossing po
in ts o f t he s inusoida l z
ero v oltage s witch ing c i
rcu its c an b e
i
ncrease t he i nductance t o a s much a s waveform . T he p ower a ppl
ied t o t he b
uilt t hat a re o utwa rd ly n o mo re
c
omp lex t han t he ir p ha se c ont rol
e
qu iva len ts
.
A f ull d esc r
ip t
ion o f z ero v oltage
sw
itch ing t echn ique s will f orm P art I I
o
f t his a rt
ic le, t o b e p ublished n ext
mon th. •

F
ig
. 27
Ze
ro v
oltage sw
itch
ing waveform — power i
scontro
lled b
y v
ary
ing t
he r
at
io o
fco mp
lete
h
alf
-cyc
les '
on' t
o c
o mp
lete h
alf
-cyc
les '
off
'
.

3
8 ELECT R O NICS TO D A Y — JUL Y 1
971
 T
ime h
a
s c
hang
ed!
COPAL
C AS L OI
ST D
I GITAL ELECTRI C CL O CKS
w
i
th c
l
ear
ly v
i
sib
le f
i
gure
ste
l
lyou t
h
eti
me—f
ast
!
The new face of t
ime for th
is
e
lectron
ic a ge shows int he
c
learly v
is
ib le f
igures and
p
recise a ccuracy o f these
award-winning COPAL
CASLON e lec
tric clocks.

ON YOUR BUS INESS

PREM ISES , Copa l Caslon wal
l T
he Copal Caslon 6 02 The Copal C as
lon 1 01
ahandsome d esk/table ad esk/table c
lock of
o
r d esk mode ls — h ere Copal c
alendar c
lock of u n
ique c
lean d esign recom mended
Caslon 6 01 Ca lendar c lock s
hape with woodgra in f
in
ish
. b
y t he Br
itish Horo
logica
l
i
se spec ial
ly u seful — c onveys 1
2 and 24 hour types. I
nst
itute. 1 2 a
nd 24
t
hat b usinesslike l ook of h
ou r types.
f
unc t
iona l ef
ficiency wh i
lst
g
iving t he quickes t, mos t
conven ient time r em inder.

I
N YOUR L IVING ROOM OR
K
ITCHEN , a Copal Caslon
c
lock adds a smart touch and
g
ives i
nstant readab
ility
.
The Copal Cas
lon 701 alarm T
he Copa l C
aslon 2
01
AT THE BEDS IDE , a Copa l c
lock can be s
et t
o operate d
esk/tab le c
lock 12 a
nd 24
Caslon Mode l 701 Alarm c lock a
t in
terva
ls of 1
0 m
inu tes up h
our types. Range o
f at
trac
tive
t
o 24 hours
. c
olours.
unfa
ilingly g
ets y ou u p wi
th
a
larm b uzzer, which g oes o n
f
or 6 seconds then o f
f for 4
seconds — r epea ting this up t
o
1'2 hours un
til you shu t ito
ff
.

A
l
l Copa l C aslon c
locks a re
n
oise free and each mode l h as
abui t-
in neon lamp g iving The Copa l Gaston 601
s
oft
, dif
fused l i
ght so t ha
t y ou desk/table calendar clock
.
The Copa
l C aslon 401 wa
ll
c
an s ee i
te ven inthe d ark. c
lock 12 a
nd 2 4 hou
r types
.
Comb ines ut
il
ity with beau
ty.
Each mode l isavai
lab le i n 1
2 a nd 2 4 hour types
.
L
a rge n
ume rals.
Automa t
ic date and day
1
2-hour (read ings 1.
00 t o 12.59) advance.
o
r 24-hour ( r
eadings 0 .00 to
2
3.59) types.
T
rade e
nqu
iries a
re i
nvi
ted f
rom d
istr
ibu
tors

V
ICTOR IA AND T ASMAN IA: R adio P arts P ty. Ltd .
, 5 62 S pencer S treet
, Wes t Me lbourne . L awrence & H anson , 1 42
Dorcas S tree t
, S outh Me lbourne . N a
than B ligh t P ty
. L td., Cnr. D oug las & F errars S ts, S
. outh Melbourne. L eo H eming -
way & P icke tt Pty
. L td., 3 30 S ydney R oad , B runsw ick . A. B en
jam in & S ons P ty. L td.
, 3 40 L i
ttle C o
ll
ins S treet
, Me l-
bourne.
NE W SOUTH WALES : R adio House , 360 P i
t t Stree t
, S ydney . R adio D espa tch, 8 69 George S treet
, S ydney . George
Brown & C o. P ty
. L td.
, 2 67 C larence S treet, S ydney . E r
ic J .Gray P ty. Ltd., 9 7 Clarence S treet
, S ydney. Alan S trachan
& C o
., 34 K ing S tree t
, N ewcas tle.
QUEENSLAND : S. H of
fnung & Co . Ltd.
, 1 99 C harlotte Street, B r
isbane . Lawrence & H anson L td
., Boundary & F or
tes -
cue Sts.
, S pring H i
ll, B risbane . GEC ( Aus t
.) P ty . Ltd., Margare t St reet
, B r
isbane . C handlers P ty
. Ltd.
, Alber t & C har-
l
otte Sts
., B r
isbane .
SOUTH AUSTRAL IA : Warbur ton ‘ F
ranki P ty
. L td., 3 22 G range R oad , Kidman P ark, A dela
ide . General A ccessor ies, 8 1
F
linders S tree t
, A de laide . N ew ton McLaren , 8 2 G i
lber t Street, A de laide.
WESTERN AUSTRAL IA : C arlyle & C o. Ltd., 1 09 M i
lligan S treet, P erth. W il
lis T rad ing Co ., 445 Mur ray S treet, P erth.
Sandovers L td.
, 4 4 Be l mon t Avenue , Bel mon t
, P erth.

ELECTRONICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 3
9
T
he c
ockta
il
p
ar
ty phenomenon
T
H
E E FFECTS o f a ttent ion a re s
uggested that the limit to t
he a b
ility T
he f
i
lte
r h
as t
he a
bi
lity t
o s
e
lect a
ny
a
pparent t o eve ryone . We c anno t t
o u nders
tand c ompe ting me ssage s i
s one o f the i nput c hanne ls a nd a l
low i t
s
f
u
lly a ttend t o a l
l that t akes p lace p
erceptual —o nly al imited amount o f i
nfo rma tion d irec t a cce ss t o al imited
a
ta ny o ne t ime . When we c oncent rate t
he information arr
iving at t
he senso ry c
apac ity d ecision c hanne l
.
f
ully o n o ne c onve rsation, o ther s f ade i
nputs can be analysed a nd i
dentified. The hand li ng c
apac ity o
f t
his
f
rom c
onsc iousnes s
: when o
ur decision c hanne l i sve ry much s ma l
le r
t
houghts w ande r d uring a p lay, w e "
SELECT
IVE F
ILTER" T
HEORY
t
han t he t otal c apac ity o f the p a rallel
f
ind o urselve s u nab le t o r e
call t he B
roadbent p roposed that a' se
lec tive i
nput l i
ne s, a nd t hus t he a ction o f t he
d
ialogue , a l
though w e were a wa re i t f
i
lter' can b e t uned t o a ccep t t he s
ho rt-te rm memo ry s to re a nd t he
was taking p lace . d
esired me ssage and 'r
eject' al
l o the rs
. s
elec t
ive f
il
te r i
s t
o p
revent
A
t tention may b e d ef
ined a s t he A f low d iagram o f h is p ropo sed overload ing o f t he d ec ision c hanne l b y
a
bility t o concent rate o n one s ource o f s
ystem i sshown i n F
ig. 1. a
c t
ing a s ap aralle l t o s erial p roce sso r.
i
nfo rma tion o ut o f s evera
l p otent ially I
nformation e
nters t
he system I
nput s t o t he d ecision c hanne l a re
d
istracting s ources o f i n
forma tion. t
hrough a n umbe r of paralle
l s enso ry s
elec ted o n t he b a s
is o f t he ir p itch ,
The f
irst comp le te t
heo ry o
f c
hannels wh ich feed their informa tion l
oudne ssa nd s pa tial p o s
ition .
a
ttent ion was t
hat p ropo sed b
y t
o as hort-term store — which , int urn, L
ine s wh ich a re n o t s elected h old
Dona ld Broadbent i
n 1958 . He i
sfollowed b y as e
lect
ive fi
lter. t
heir me s sage s i n t he s ho rt-term s tore
Phys
ica
l s
igna
ls f
o r af ew s econds , d uring wh ich t ime
t
he r
epresentat ion b
ecome s
S
canners, s
e
lec
tive f
il
tersa nd s
er
ialize
r sar
ej u
st
p
rog re ssive ly d eg raded , s o t ha t signa ls
afew ofthete
rm sused b y b
ehavioura
l
which a re d elayed b efo re s elec t
ion
s
c
ientist
st ode
scribe the
irl a
te
stt heor
ieso f may b e ' r
ead ' e rroneous ly .
a
t
ten t
ion. S
igna ls f rom t he d ecision c hanne l c an
T
hisr e
portb yJan Vernon ind
icates b
e r eturned t o t he s ho rt-te rm s to re ( as
p
a
r al
lelswhich w
ill b
ef amil
iartoa nyone when r ehea rsing ) a nd t here i sacce ss t o
a
nd f rom a l ong - term s tore o f l earnt
i
n
volved with d
ata l
ogging orcommun ica
tions
.
a
ssocia t
ion s ( long -te rm memo ry ) a t
S
ti mulus t
he o utput o f t he d ec ision c hanne l.
ana yzing
T
he re i s a lso a cce ss t o t he mo to r
mechanis ms
r
esponse c hanne l.
As the r ecogn ition o f any incoming
Expectat
ions
s
i
gnal n eces sar
ily i mplies access to
l
ong-
te rm memo ry, t
he l
im
ited
c
apacity d ecision c hannel p robably
L
inguist
ic s
yste m
d
eals with t he c onscious percept
ion of
s
i
gnals.
The s
torage s
yste m
T
HEORY MOD
IFIED
I
n Broadbent
's sys
tem a t
tent
ion is
s
witched a
t an ea
rly s
tage o
n t
he b
as
is
o
f p hy s
ical c ha rac teristic s s uch a s
d
irec t
ion o f s ound , intens ity a nd pitch
— a nd t his h appens b efo re a ny of t he
mean ing h as b een e xtrac ted .
Pert
inence
Unfo rtuna tely for Broadbent a
c
oup le o f u nde rg radua te s n amed G ray
a
nd Wedde rburn r e
jec ted t he i dea that
a
tten t
ion was b
a sed o n p hys
ica l
c
harac te r
istics o f s enso ry c hanne ls and
s
ugge sted t ha t psycho log ical a t
tribute s
p
layed a n i mpo rtant r o
le i n se
lection .
T
hey p
roved t
heir p
oint by
p
resent ing a n umbe r o f d ivided wo rds
Se
lection F
ig. 2 Modelp roposed by Deutsch a
nd Deutsch
.
and Both phys
ical inputsand pert
inence of a
lternate ly t o e ithe r e a r
, f i
nding t ha t
a
ttent
ion i
nformation determ ine what w
illbeselected a
ttention s witched f rom e ar to ear and
f
or f
urther p
roces sing t
hat words were r
econs t
ruc ted
 o
thers, i s t o s ynthe s
ize a s eries o f
E
ffectors
l
i
nguistic un
its which match i
t

4
1A
s
uccessfully.
A I
r
relevan t
, u na t
tended s treams o f
Syste m f
or vary
ing s
peech a re n eithe r ' f
iltered o ut' n or
output unt
il so me '
at
tenua ted '. T hey j us t f a
il t o e n
joy
i
nput issecured
t
he b enefits o f ' ana
ly sis-by -synthe sis'
.
'
P
re-attent ive p
roce sses' establish
- 10
•— "
l
ocal
iza t
ion , f orm c rude s egment s and
L
im ited
Shore S
elect
ive capacity
g
uide r esponses t o c e
r tain s imple
S
enses t
er m f
i
lter c
hanne l (
p s
i
tua t
ions , b ut t he
ir c apac ity f or d etai
l
s
tore s
yste m) i
sstr
ictly l imited .
N
mi1
10..
N
eisser d oe s n ot say h ow h is theo ry
d
eals w ith s ounds o the r t han s peech,
S
tore o
f conditiona
l
o
r w ith a f oreign l anguage t hat t he
p
robabil
ities
o
f p
ast events l
i
stene r may n ot h ave h eard b efo re but
may b e 'paying a ttention ' to.
MORAY
'S T
HEORY
F
ig. 1 Broadbent
's s
elect
ive f
i
lter m ode
l.
One o f t he l ate st t heo rie s i s tha t
p
ropo sed i n 1 969 b y N eville Mo ray .
c
orrectly. T hey c oncluded t hat t he when t hey r e ach t he end o f the tree, a Mo ray 's t heo ry o f a ttent ion i sr ea
lly
s
ingle d ictiona ry u nit ' f
i res' a nd the a mod ified v e rsion o f B roadbent 's
a
ttent
ion mechan ism mus t be a b
le t o
wo rd isr ecogn ised b y the o bserver. o
rig ina l h ypo the sis. H e s ay s t ha t ' a
t
e
xtract mean ing.
T
hese e xperiment s caused Broadbent This t heo ry p
ostula te s s
e
lection a
ny moment a l i
stene r i ss amp ling o nly
during i nput b y t he a ttenua t
ion o f o
ne me ssage '. A ll o the rs a re t otally
t
o mod ify his theo ry: h e now h o
lds
i
nco m ing r
ejected mes sages
. r
e
jec ted , a nd s amp ling may c ont inue
t
hat the c hannels which t he fi
l
te r may
Attentuat ion i
n t his mode l i
s a o
n o ne c hanne l i nde fin itely , u ntil t he
s
e
lec t are much mo re varied in kind
t
han h
e o rig
ina l
ly e nvisaged a nd two -stage p roce ss, since f irst there is switch i s' c
alled ' b y a no the r c hanne l.
f
ilte r
ing o n t he b as
is o f c hannel Neville Mo ray 's mode l i s sim ila r t o
i
nclude s uch things a s verba
l c lasses
cha racteristic s
, a nd t hen a s econd B
roadbent 's ( shown i n F ig. 1 )
. T he
a
nd l a
nguages .
fi
lte r
ing, based o n t he t hreshold main d i f
fe rence i stha t
, a s t he p arallel
A
NNE T
REISMAN
'S V
ERS
ION s
e ttings o f the d ictionary u nits. c
hanne ls e nte r t he s ho rt- term memo ry,
t
he l inkage w ith t he l im ited c apac ity
A f ar mo re d eta iled f i
lte r theo ry w as D
EUTSCH & D
EUTSCH V
ERS
ION
p
ropo sed b y Anne T reisman i n h er c
hanne l s witche s f rom c hanne l t o
I
n 1 963 p sycho log ists A nthony a nd
c
hanne l. T he c oncep t o f as e
lec tive
doc to ral t he sis a t O xfo rd U nive rsity i n D
iana Deutsch c
r
iticised Anne
f
i
l te r b lock ing r ejec ted me ssage s i sn ot
1961 . T
reisman 's t heo ry , a s t hey f e
lt t ha t
A nne T reisman h ad f ound t hat n
e ce s sa ry.
s
ome a spect s w e re r edundant . T hey
Controver sy about a
ttent ion
unat tended s igna ls a re n ot b locked s
ugges ted t ha t
, b y s u
itab ly a ltering t he
c
once rns whe the r i n com ing me ssage s
c
omp le tely — t hat, d e spite a s ub ject 's p
roper ties o f the d ictiona ry , t he l owe r
a
re a ttentua ted , o r whe the r r esponse s
i
ntense c oncent ration u pon a t ask, h e l
evel f i
lte r i s made u nnece s sa ry. a
re s elec ted .
wou ld f requent ly r espond t o h is own T
he D eutsch -and -Deut sch mode l i s
B
roadbent 's mode l w as q ues t
ioned
n
ame i f i t we re i nc
luded among s
hown i n F ig
. 2 . A s can b e s een , the b
ecause i tw as s hown t ha t c hanne ls a re
o
the rw ise u nrecogn ised b ackground f
i
lter f o r p hysica l c harac te r
is tics i s no t n ece s sa ri
ly p hy sica l, a nd t hat
m ate rial. omit ted a nd t he i nput l i
ne s r un r
ejec ted me ssage s a re n o t a lways
Her e xpe riment s s howed t hat s enso ry d
irect ly t o t he dic t
iona ry . E very s i
gna l
c
ue s a lone a re n ot s uffic ient f or c
omp le tely b locked .
i
st hen a naly sed a nd r ecogn ised f o
r t he Anne T rie sman 's a ttentuat ion t heo ry
s
e
lec t
ion t o t ake p lace. p
a r
ticu lar s ignal wh ich i tis. i
s c onv inc ing t o ac erta in p oin t, b ut
I
n s ome r espec ts h e r mode l f or A
ll s enso ry s ignals e xcite t heir s tored
s
e
lec t
ive a
ttent ion is s im ilar to doe s n ot a ccoun t f o r t he f a ct t hat
r
epresentat ion i n memo ry, a nd a t t he i
nfo rma t
ion i n ar e
jec ted me ssage c an
B
roadbent 's i n tha t i n
fo rma tion f low s
s
ame t ime a n a nalysis o f p rev ious
i
n to t he o rgan ism t h
rough an umbe r o f s
ome time s g o c omp le tely u nhea rd. I t
s
igna ls i sg oing o n. i
sa l
so h a rd t o s ee h ow h er f i
lte r save s
para llel c hanne ls. Me ssages a re t hen
This e stab l
ishe s a c lass o f e vent s wo rk i n s elec tion , f or i t wou ld s eem
a
na lysed f or c rude p hys ica l p rope rt ies
deemed t o b e p ertinen t to t he o ngoing
s
uch a
s r
oudne s s
, p itch , p osition , nece ssa ry t o e xtrac t t he mean ing o f a l
ana
lys is . T he s et o f p ertinent i tems
colour , b r ightnes s, e tc. — a nd t his i
n com ing s i
gna ls t o d ete rm ine wha t to
a
lso e xcite t heir r epre senta t
ion i n
i
nfo rma t
ion i sa va i
lab le f or r epo rting , a
ttend t o.
memo ry . Mo ray 's t heo ry may b e ab asis f or
rega rd les s o f wha t h appens t o t he
The i t
em mo st h ighly e xc ited b y t he
me ssage b eyond t his p oint . t
he s tudy o f i ndiv idua l d iffe rence s.
comb inat ion o f senso ry a nd p ertinence Peop le who s ay t hey c an a ttend t o
The mechan ism c an a l
so a ct t o
i
nputs i ss e
lec ted f or furthe r a naly s
is. two t hing s a t o nce m ay i n r eality b e
a
ttenua te t he s igna l s treng th o f t he
Thus t he mo st i mpo rtan t s ti mulus able t o s witch r apid ly f r
om o ne t hing
output o f t hese a nalyser s, a nd i ti si n
c
ap ture s t he attent ion . t
o a no the r — i n t he s ame w ay t ha t a
t
his w ay t hat t he f il
te r wo rks .
Thus t he w eakened me ssage s, a nd t he '
ANALYS
IS-BY
-SYNTHES
IS' h
i gh -speed d
ata l
o gge r, or a
one u nweakened mes sage , p as s d eepe r U
lrich N eisser
, of C orne
ll U n
ivers
ity, t
ime -sha ring c ompute r, may a ppea r t o
i
n to the n
ervous s
ys tem a
nd h
as atheo ry quite d
ifferent from those be c oncent ra t
ing s imu ltaneous ly o n a
eventua l
ly r
each t
he p
atte rn p
reviously held. numbe r o f d i fferent e vent s. S ome
recogn ise r, wh ich c onsis ts o f al arger He b
el
ieve s t
hat '
a
nalys
is-by- i
n d ividua ls appea r t
o h
ave t
he
numbe r ofd ict iona ry u nits. s
ynthesis' i
s t he mechanism o
f switch ing mechan ism u nde r c onsc ious
Mes sages e nte ring t h
is u nit t raverse a a
uditory a t
tention, and that, to f
o
llow cont ro l a nd c an c oncent rate wh ile
l
ogic t ree w ith p robab ilistic n odes ; o
ne c onve rsa
tion i n preference t o o
the rs a re e asi
ly d i s
t rac ted . •
C
omputer
ized
D
raw
ing Board
T
Compute
r-contro
lled HE a b
ility to manipulate t
hings Two -dimens iona l o rthog raph ic p lans
mental
ly , t
ocreate inone's m
ind a
re a l b ut mean ingle ss to t he l ay man ,
mach
ine produce
s three
-
at hree dimens iona
l o b
ject f
rom a
nd e
ven t
o t
ho se s
ki
lled i
n
d
imens
iona
l d
raw
ings t
wo o
rthog raph ic v
iews —is arare g
i
ft. i
nte rpre tation t hey may b e ac ause o f
f
rom t
wo-d
imens
iona
l Y
et, virtually eve
ryone who d es
igns , e
r
ro r.
f
abricates, assembles, in
stalls o
r repairs Three -di mensiona l d raw ing s whe ther
p
lans
apart or assemb ly r
eally needs to see a o
f a n o ff
ice b uilding , t he h u
ll o f a
p
icture o f what he is wo
rking o n
. b
oa t, o r ac omp lex d ie-ca s
ting — s ave
F
o r wo rking f rom p lans — f l
at r
ecogn it ion t ime a nd p revent c ostly
two -di mens iona l o
rthograph ic e
rro rs a nd m istakes. F or arch itec tu ra
l
d
raw ings, wa s
tes time a nd r e
sults i n p
re senta tions t hey a re all but e ssent ial.
TOP: Exploded v
iew o
fintr
icate h
uman e
r
ror
. No wonde r t hen t
ha t t echn ical
mechan
ism w as c
omputer p
roduced i
lus trations h ave b ecome s uch a v ita
l
f
rom or
iginal —below
.
p
ar t o
f mode rn t
echno log ical
o
pe ra t
ions .
But t hree -dimens iona l d raw ing s take
al ong t ime t o prepa re, a nd s taff w ith
t
he n ece ssary v isuo-spa tial a bility t o
u
nde rtake t h
is wo rk a re h ighly p a
id
a
nd i ns ho rt supply.

MATHEMAT
ICAL P
ERSPECT
IVE
Until r
ecen tly t
hree -dimens iona l
d
raw ing s w e re p repa red o n al a
rge ly
emp irical b asis, b ut i n 1 963 T . 0 .
McCa rtney d eve loped a method wh ich
a
lowed a ny t r
ained d raught sman o r
a
rt
is t t o p repa re a ccura te p er spec tive
d
raw ing s u s
ing a ma thema tica l b asis.
_ McCa rtney 's t heo ry s tated t hat o nce
t
he var
iab le parame te rs o
f l
i
ne
d
imens ions a nd a ngle s, s t
ation p oint
d
istance , r ota tion a nd t i
lt w ere r ela ted
i
n e qua tion f o rm , p erspec t
ive d raw ing
was ma thema t
ica l ly f easib le.
I
tw as soon r ea
l ised t hat o nce as et o f
e
qua tions w as c alcu lated r e
la ting t he
c
oo rd ina te i nfo rmat ion o btained b y
t
racing t wo o rthog raph ic v iew s, i tw as
possib le f o r t he se e qua tions t o b e
d
eve loped i nto a t hree -dimens iona l
d
raw ing b y a n a na logue c ompute r.
Perspec t
ive , I nc. o f Wa shing ton i n
t
he U SA w as t he f irst c ompany t o
e
xp lo it t his p rinc iple . T hey d eve loped
ac ompute r c ont rolled mach ine t ha t
c
ou ld p roduce a t hree -di mens iona l
d
raw ing f
rom two orthog raph ic
p
ro jec tions .
An o pera to r s imp ly t r
ace s o ve r a ny
two o rthog raph ic v i ews o f t he o bjec t,
a
nd t he mach ine p roduce s t he d es
ired
t
hree -di mens iona l l ine d raw ing s.
The o pe ra tor's t rac ing s tylus i s
connected t
o two l
inear
potent iome te rs moun ted a
t r ight
a
ng le s a cros s t he f ull l ength a nd h eight
o
f t he d raught ing t ab le, a nd t hus a ny

ELECTR ONICS TO DAY — JUL Y 1

971
 LEFT : A three-dimensiona
ld rawing o
fa n
a
gricultura
l i mplement isp
repared b y Mike
White ofC omputer P er
spectives
. BEL O W:
The f
i n
ished d rawing
.

p
osition o f t he s ty
lus o n t he t able i s Austra
lia h
ad r
a
the
r more t
o o
ffe
r. l
i
ne i n
fo rma tion w a s, f ed i nto t he
t
r
an slated b y t he p otent iome ters a s E
specia
lly now tha
t i t had the mach ine's ana logue c ompute r.
t
wo d i
sc rete v oltage s wh ich f orm t he machine. The c ompute r i nstantly c onve rted
a
nalogue i nput s t o the c ompute r. two-d i mens iona l data i
nto
Thus when t he v a
riab les ( X
, Y , and Z t
hre e-dimens iona l d ata; t hen d irec ted
d
imens ions , s ub jec t r otation a nd t i
lt, MACH
INE D
EMONSTRATED t
he p en o n t he v e rt
ica l XY p lo tting
a
nd s tation p oint d istance f or a The c ompany , C ompute r Perspec tive board t o plot t he d raw ing .
p
articula r d raw ing ) a re p ut i nto t he P
ty . L td. r ecent ly d emons trated t he The mach ine h as many d iffe rent
c
ompute r, t he mach ine c alcu late s the mach ine 's c apab ilities t o E lect ronics mode s of o peration a nd c an p roduce
c
orrec t f oresho rtened X , Y , and Z l ine Today . i
some tr
ic, dime tr
ic a
nd t
r
i me tric
d
imens ions a nd t he changed a ngle s
. S
e t u p w as q uick a nd s imple, d
raw ings, e xp loded v iew s, a nd a lso
The o utput f r om t he compute r isf ed r
equ iring o n
ly a m inute o r t wo . T he c
omp lete d raw ing s o f as y mme trica l
t
o s ervo mo to rs w hich d irect t he p en operato r pl
aced two mutua lly objec t when g iven o nly o ne-ha lf o r
o
n t he d raw ing b oard. p
e rpend icula r view s of the s ubject o n one-four th. I
t c an a
l
so p
roduce
The r e
sult? A ccura te p erspect ive t
he h orizonta l b oard . He then a ttached ' p
e rspec t
ive d raw ing s from a ny a ng le o r
d
raw ing s a t as peed c laimed t o b e a t t
o t he v ert
ica l b oa rd a sheet o f p aper d
istance o f v iew .
l
east f ive t ime s f aste r t han a s k
illed on wh ich t he t hree -dimens iona l v iew D
espite t
heir r
e cent i
ncep tion
i
lus trato r
. was t o b e c ons truc ted
. A fter i nit
ial Compute r Per spec t
ive s h ave c omp le ted
One o f t hese mach ines was r ecently b
alance h ad b een e stabl
ished , t he as urpr
isingly w ide v ar
ie ty o f wo rk,
i
mpor ted t o A ustralia b y a s ma ll compute r c ont rols w ere a djus ted t o v
a rying f rom p er
spec t
ive d raw ing s o f
Sydney c ompany s pecifica lly t o of fe r t
he d esired s tation p oint d i stance, t
he p ropo sed S ydney T own H all
ac ompute r-graph ic d raw ing s ervice t o s
ub ject r o
ta t
ion a nd t i
lt, and t he s ca
le e
xtens ion s t o a gr
icu ltura l mach ine ry,
a
ny who n eed i t
. o
f t he p erspec tive o r a xonome tr
ic f
r om r oad wo rk s tudie s to a utomob ile
The mach ine c ame c omp lete w ith d
raw ing . p
a rts manua ls .
Chuck O sbo rne . t he manufac ture r's Then a s t he o perator t raced t wo Shown a mach ine l i
ke t h
is e ven t he
e
x-demons trato r who f
elt t
hat b
luep rint v i
ew s ( eg — s ide a nd e nd) F
la t E arth S ociety mus t b e conv inced .
•

T
he c
o mputer c
an p hree-
repare t d
imens
iona
ldraw
ing
sass
een f
rom a
ny r
equ
ired v
i
ewpo
int
.

1
1
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
1

1
11
1
111 5
-1 - -
1-1
13E
IT
 B
IOLOG
ICAL
M
ove ove
r, g
u
rus a
nd sw
amis
—what t
hest
udy o
f
Y
oga t
akesyea
rstoach
ieve
,
e
l
ect
ronicsca
n do i
nminut
es!

A
FTER a l i
fe t
ime o f s tudy a nd
med itat ion , a f ew I ndian h o
ly
men manage t o a ch ieve l imited
c
ont rol of h ear t r ate a nd b asal
me tabo lism .
Yet, i n l e
s s t han o ne h our , 2 5
s
tudents a t H arva rd Med ica l S choo l
l
earnt t o s low t he ir h ear tbeat b y n ine
b
ea ts am inute .
J
us t b y w atch ing a n o scilloscope —
and t h
ink ing a bout i t
.
I
tw as d one b y b iolog ica l f eedback —
or the consc ious c
ont rol o
f

\
unconsc ious p henomena — o ne o f t he
mo re r
emarkab le and s
ign ificant
d
i scover ie s o f mode rn s c
ience .
I
n 1 929 D r. H ans B erger , aG erman
psychiatr ist work ing a
t Jena
U nive rsity , a pplied e l ectrodes t o t he
human s kul l a nd , wo rking w ith a
numbe r o f s ens itive g a
lvonome ter s,
s
ucceeded i n measur ing 1 0 H z ' a
lpha '
r
hy thms . T he r esu lt s we re r eco rded i n
h
is p ape r ' Ube r d as E lekt rekepha lo -
g
r am d e s Menschen '.
H
is d iscovery wa s i gno red b y t he
s
cient ific f rate rn ity u ntil 1 934 , when
t
he e xistence o f t he a lpha r hythm w as
d
emons trated t o t he P hysio log ica l
Socie ty b y P rofes so r Adr ian ( late r
Lo rd Adr ian ) o f C amb r
idge U nive rs
ity .
B
ut i t w as n ot u ntil t he a dvent o f
mode rn e lectron ic e quipment c apab le
o
f a mplify ing , f i
lter ing a nd c o rre lating
l
ow -leve l s igna ls t hat t he c omp lex
wave -pat te rns c
ou ld b
e r
eliab ly
i
dent ified a nd r eco rded .
The se w ave -pat terns a re c lassified ( by
amp litude a nd f requency ) a s a lpha ,
b
e ta , the ta a nd d elta. T here i se vidence
t
ha t e ach w ave -pattern i s a ssoc iated
w
ith ad iffe rent s tate o f c onsc iousnes s,
a
lthough t
here appear t
o be
character ist ic d
ifferences i
n
wave -pat terns f rom o ne p erson t o
a
no the r
.
Recent ly s cient is ts h ave e s
tab lished
t
ha t, when i n a s tate o f p ro found
med ita t
ion , Z en a nd Yoga l eade rs em it
p
rima r
ily a
lpha r
hythms . A
lpha
r
hythms a re a lso a pparent i n mo st

4
4 E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
FEEDBACK •A n umber o f p at
ien ts at t he
peop le d uring p lea surab le a c t
iv itie s.
Creat ive t hink ing a nd p rob lem -so lving Geronto
logy R esearch C entre w ere
activ itie s t end t o b e a ssoc ia ted w ith a
ble t o r educe t he f r
equency o f
a
l pha/ the ta r hythms . B e ta r hyth ms a re a
bno rmal h ea
rt r hythms ( premature
common ly a s soc ia ted w ith a nx ie ty , v
entricu
lar contractions)
.
wh ils t d elta a nd t he ta r hythms a re •A t t
he M a
imon ides Medical C entre,
apparent d uring s leep . i
n Brooklyn, bio-feedback training h as
These r hythm ic p at te rns c an r ead ily p
art
ly r
ehabil
ita ted p
atients w
ith
b e s
tudied by u sing an mu
ltiple sc
lero s
is a nd h as also b een
e
lectroencepha lograph — an u
sed to con
trol epileptic s
pasms .
i
n strument w hich d isp lay s o n a n
•The Menn inge r Founda tion, i n
o
sc illoscope t
he minute e l ec trica l
Kansas, has used b io
-feedback t o cure
currents p icked u p b y e lec trode s
c
hron ic m igra
ine n ow k nown t o b e
p
l aced o n t he s kull .
Ext rao rd ina ry t hough i t may s eem , i t c
aused b y as we
lling of the artery that
i
sn ot ad ifficu lt ma tte r t oc onsc ious ly s
upp l
ies blood t o the external p a
rt s o
f
g
enerate the v
arious t
ype s o
f t
he h ead. T he t echnique u sed a t the
wave -forms wh ils t w a tch ing o ne 's own Founda t
ion i
s s imply t
o t
each
e
l ect roencepha log raph — a nd , i n s o m
ig ra
ine s uf
fe re
rs t o pump l e
s s b
lood
t
hrough t he ar
tery.
doing , e xper ience t he v arious e ffec t s
w
ith wh ich e ach r hy thm i sp er sona lly •T ension headache s i
n anumber o
f
a
s soc iated . p
atient s h
ave b
een c
ured b
y
I
t a lso a ppea rs p o ssib le t ha t p eop le b
io-feedback t echniques u
sed at t
he
c
an l earn c onsc ious c ont rol o f b lood Medical C ent
re o f the Un
ivers
ity o
f
p
res sure , hea rt r
a te, metabo lism , Co
lo rado.
musc le t ens ion , e tc . •In the cour se o
f as er
ies of fu
lly
S
ome b ehav ioura l s c
ient is ts b elieve documented e xper
iment s ca
rried out
t
hat i ti sq uite p o s s
ib le t he t echn ique a
t t he Menninger F
ounda t
ion, a
could e ven i mp rove memo ry , l earn ing woman w as taught to r
a
ise and lower
a
bi l
ity a nd c reat iv ity , a lthough t hey t
he temperature of her h
ands b y o
ver
emphas ize t ha t, d esp ite s ome d rama tic 10degree
s.
r
esu lt s, t he t echn ique i si n i t
s i n
fancy
B
io-feedback e xpe r
iment s h ave , o f
—a nd a s y et t he re i sn o e vidence t ha t
c
ourse , been n oted with grea t interest
b
io log ica l f eedback c an c ure o rgan ic
b
y t he m ilita
ry — a nd it isb e
lieved
d
amage .
t
hat the U.S . Department o f D efense is
Never the les s, t he p o ssibilit ies a re s o
i
nvest
iga t
ing a t echnique o f f oi
ling
g
rea t t hat n o rma lly r eticent s cient is t s
e
nemy l i
e d e
tec tors b y intentiona l
ly
a
nd p sycho log is ts f ind i t d ifficu lt t o
s
e
lf-gene rated biological '
noise'.
r
es tra in t heir e nthus iasm . One , a
r
esea rch p sycho log is t a tt he Menn inge r The technique isalso b eing exp loited
F oundat ion , s
tates : "W ithout c
om me rc
ially b y an umbe r o f s mall
s
tretch ing t
he imag inat ion , t
he U
.S. manufac turers who a re currently
l
ong -range i mp lica tion s a nd e ffec t s f o r market ing '
do-it-yourself'
s
oc iety of a popu la t
ion of e
lectroencepha lographs a t ar e
ta i
l price
s
e
lf - regu lat ing i ndiv idua ls c ould b e o f o
f $
250 to S
350. B
ehav ioural
i
n calcu lab le s ign ificance !" s
c
ient ists a
re notc oncerned a bout t his
,
Some o f t he r esu lt s a ch ieved d ur ing a
s t hey s ay the mach ine s a re n ot
t
he p as t t hree y ea rs i nclude t he s
oph ist
icated enough t o h ave anyth ing
f
ollow ing : o
the r than gimm ick value — " the o nly
•A t Emo ry U nive r sity , s ub jec t s h ave h
arm w il
l b e to the p urcha ser
's b ank
b
een t aught t o a c tiva te i ndiv idua l b
alance" , they s
ay.
mo to r n erve c ells o ut o f t he h undreds The mo s
t s ignificant a spects o f
o
f t housands i n t he s pina l c ord . T his b
io-feedback a re
, p erhaps
, it
s apparent
wo rk h as h e
lped t he d eve lopment o f a
bil
ity t o e
ffec t self-change in human
p
ros the tic d evice s c on trolled b y n erve b
ehav iour, a nd t he e vidence t hat
impu lses for t
he phys ica lly e
lectronics isq uite l i
tera
lly a part of
h
and icapped . l
i
fe. •

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 4
5
 T
hisp r
obe prov
idesv i
sual ind
icat
ion
o
ft h
el og
ic st
ateatany p o
in tina
c
i
rcuitu s
ing d
ig
ital I
Cs
. C apable o
f
d
e
t ect
ing pu
lsesa ssh
orta s5 0 n
ano-
s
e
cond s
, itisaninva
luable tool f
o
r
t
r
ouble-shoot
ing and pr
o totype
d
e
v e
lopmen t
. C o
sto fc ompon ent
s
i
sabout$ 10
.

D
IG
ITAL i nte g
rated c i
rcu its a re
be
ing i ncreas ing ly u sed b y b o th
p
ro fe ssiona ls a nd a ma teur s, and a
n
umbe r o f p rojec ts u s
ing d igital I Cs
wi
ll b e p ub lished b y E LECTRON ICS
TODAY .
The f i
rst o f t he se p rojec ts is al o gic
p
robe d esigned t o mee t t he n eeds o f
both p
ro fe ssiona l enginee r s a
nd
ama teur e xpe rimente r s. I ti sn ot at oy .
The p robe w ill wo rk w ith a l
common ly u
sed logic s
ystems ,
i
nclud ing :
RTL ( resis to r-trans is to r l ogic).
DTL ( diode - trans isto r l og
ic ).
TTL ( t
rans is to r
- trans is to r logic).
The l ogic p robe may a lso b e u sed
w
ith e
qu ipment u
sing d
i
scre te
c
omponent s ( such a s p ulse a mplifie rs
a
nd r e
lay d rive rs).
The p robe w ill i ndicate a ny o f f i
ve
c
ond itions :
(
1) Steady p ositive v o
ltage .
(
2) Steady g round p otent ia l
.
(
3) Sing le f ast p ositive p u
lse .
(
4) Sing le f ast n egat ive p ulse.
(
5) A p ulse t rain w ith a f r
equency
n
o t exceed ing 1 0 MHz . in ah igh l evel a t p oint B( logical 1a t (
b
) Mono
stab
le/
Inve
rte
r
A
s t he p robe mus t d etec t p ulses a s the 7 400 g a
te i nput 2 .
s
hor t a s5 0 n ano seconds , amono stab le I
f
, o n t he o the r h and , t he p robe i s Th
is st
age isb ui
lt around I d, w hich
multivib ra to r i s u sed a s a p ulse connec ted t o ap ositive v oltage g rea ter i
s a q uad t wo-input n and gate. A s
e
xtende r t o p rov ide i ndicat ion t ime s t
han 2 Vo lts
, d iode s D 1 a nd D 2 b lock s
hown i n F ig
. 1 , t wo g ates a re
o
f 1
00 milliseconds . Separa te t
he f low o f c ur rent t o 0 3 a nd t he i
nterconnected t o form a mono stable
mono stable s a re u sed f or p os
itive a nd s
ub sequent o pe ra t
ion i s the s ame a s mult
ivibrator
. T he remaining two gates
n
ega tive g oing p u
lse s
. f
o r an o pen c ircu it o n the p robe . a
re l i
kewise i n
terconnec ted, and t he
T
he nece s sary mono stable a
nd Ift he p robe i sc onnec ted t o ground o
utput o f t he f i
rst p air of g ates
i
nverting f unct ions r equ ired t o me e t potent ial, c ur rent f low s t hrough R 1 b
ecome s the input of the second pair.
c
ond ition s ( 1), ( 2
), ( 3
) a nd ( 4) a r e whilst t he fo rwa rd v o
ltage d rop s of D 1
p
rovided b y i nte rconnec ting t he g ate s a
nd D 2 b ias p oint A a ta pp roxima tely (
c
) S
teady P
os
itive V
oltage
o
f t he q uad t wo-input n and g ate G 1, 1
. 2 V olts. T h
is v o
ltage i s f urthe r When t he probe b ecome s p osit
ive,
2
,3 ,4 . d
ivided b y 0 3 a nd R 2, and r esult s ina p
oint Bb ecome s 1.This isinve
r ted to
n
eg l
igib le v oltage o n t he b ase o f 0 1 0at po
int Ca nd a
ga
in i n
verted t o 1at
C
IRCU
IT OPERAT
ION which i s consequent ly s witched o ff. p
oint D
. T h
is log
ica
l 1i sappl
ied t o the
P
oint B i st hus a tg round p otential a nd b
ase o
f tr
an s
istor 02 which isswitched
(
a
) I
nput B
uffe
r R3 ' s
inks ' t he c ur rent f rom t he i nput i
n
to c onduc t
ion, i
lum inat
ing t he
T
he input buf fer consists of diodes g
ate o f I C1, r esu lting i n al o
gica l 0a t i
nd
icator lamp.
D
1 , 02 and D 3, r e
sistors R1, R2 a nd t
he i nput .
R3, a
nd tr
ansis
to r 0 1. When u sed t o d etect p u
lse s, t he
W
ith an open c i
rcuit on t he probe, o
pe ration i st he s ame a st hat d escribed (
d
) P
os
itive P
ulse
c
urrent f
lows through R 1, D 3 a
nd R 2
, a
bove : ap ositive g o
ing p ulse p roduce s T
he lo
gica
l 1a ppear
ing atthe output
t
hus prov
iding a pproxima te
ly 4 Vo lts l
ogical 1 ,w hils t an egative g o
ing p ulse o
f gate G3 isa ppl
ied to the i
nput of
b
ias o n the b ase o f 0 1 w h
ich i s p
rov ide s l ogical 0 . T he l imit o f g
ate G4, and these two g
ates now act
s
witched in
to c onduct ion. This resu
lts o
pe ration i sapp rox . 2 0 MHz . a
s amono stab
le mu lt
ivib
rator because

L
OG
46
IC P
ROBE ELECTR ON
ICS TODAY -JULY 1
971
 I

OV I
NPUT

W
iring s
ide
.

-
v
.

• '
1

C
omponent s
ide
.

F
ig
. 1
.Circu
it d
iag
ra m o
fco mp
lete u
nit
.

t
he o utput G 4 b ecome s 0 a nd a
t po
int C i s a
lso fed through G3, t
he lamp t o be extingu
ished. At the
w
hich i
nvert
s itto p
roduce 0 at p
oint s
ame time t he lo
gical 1isapplied to
c
apacito r C 2 star
ts c harg
ing t hrough
R6/1
37 p otential d
ivider. D
, e
xt
inguishing t
he i
ndica
to r l
amp
. t
he inputs o f G2. G 1 and G2 n ow
D
uring t his c harging p er
iod t he f
orm a mono s
table mu ltiv
ibrator
s
econd i nput o f GI i sh e
ld at 0a nd, (
f
) N
ega
tive P
ulse e
nsur
ing that the lamp rema
ins off f
or
e
ven i f o utput C c hange s to 1 , t
he 1
00 mil
liseconds.
When t he p robe i s a t p ositive
o
utput o f G 3 will be 1 . T
hus a f a
st p
otential a nd senses an egative g oing
po
sitive p ulse a t t
he p robe input wil
l
(
g
) P
ulse T
rain
p
ulse, the operat
ion isasf o
llow s:
b
e s ensed a nd extended t o iluminate B
efore t he n egat
ive g oing p u
lse A p u
lse t
r
ain w
i
ll c
ause t he
t
he i
ndica to
r l
amp f
or 1
00 a
rr
ive s
, p oint B isat log
ical 1 ;t his i
s mono stable v
ibrato
rs t
o cyc
le
m
illi s
econds . i
nverted t o 0 a t point C a nd a gain c
ontinuous ly, t
hus c
aus
ing t
he
i
nverted t o log
ical 1a t point D , thus i
ndicator l amp t o glow a t reduced
(
e
) S
teady G
round c
ausing t he i nd
icator l amp t o b e b
rightne s
s.
A grounded p robe p roduces 0 a t i
lum ina ted. A s soon a s a n egative
p
oint B. T he 0 is inver
ted b y G I, p
ulse a rr
ives
, B g oes t o l og
ical 0 , L
amp D
rive
r
r
e
sult
ing in 1a tpoint C and, h
ence, 1 r
esult
ing i n 1 a t C; t h
is i s again The lamp d river st
age c ons
is ts of R8,
a
t t
he inputs o
f G2. The output of G2 i
nverted b y G3 and the o
utput a ppea rs 02
, a nd t he i n
dicator l amp . When a
i
s0a nd C l isd
ischarged. The output a
s l o
gical 0 a t po
int D, t hus c ausing l
og
ical 1a ppears at p o
in t D c urrent
f
lows t hrough R 8, c ausing Q2 t o
c
onduc t a nd t hus e nergiz
ing t he
S
PEC
I F!
CAT
IONS i
ndicator lamp . A l o
gical 0a ppea ring
a
t point D w i
ll cause the transisto r 02
Supply voltage 5Volt
s d c ±5% t
o b e bia
sed o ff and the l amp w i
ll be
I
nput voltage ( h
igh i nput) >2.4 Volts e
xtinguished.
I
nput voltage ( low input ) <0.8 Volts
I
ndicat
ion — s teady p osit
ive l
amp on CONSTRUCT
IONAL DETA
ILS
I
ndicat
ion — s teady ground l
amp off A p en t o
rch c ase makes an i dea
l
I
ndicat
ion — f ast pos
itive p u
lse l
amp fl
ashe s o
n h
ousing f o
r t he probe. We u sed an
I
ndicat
ion — f ast negative pulse l
amp fl
ashe s o
ff E
veready u nit that has atr
anslucent
I
ndicat
ion — p u
lse tra
in l
amp glow s l
e
ss br
ight
ly l
amp surround.
M
inimum d etectable p ulse w
idth 5
0 nanoseconds A s
mal
l na
il g
lued in
to t
he
E
xtended i n
d ication of l amp 1
00 mill
iseconds t
r
anslucent e nd s e
rve
s a s t
he p robe
(
r
emembe r to so
lder aw i
re t
o the end

47
ELECTR O NICS TO D A Y —J ULY 1
971
L
OGIC P
ROBE L
EAD TO PROBE
o
f t he n ai
l b efore glueing i t in
to t
he vo
ltages a
t p
oints B
, C a
nd D a
s
p
o s
ition). W
ith the probe i nplace
, t
he a
bove
.
t
ranslucent tip wi
ll glow d ue t o t
he
Asource o f fas
t p u
lses i srequired t
o OR
IG INAL
l
i
gh t di
ffus
ing from the indicator l
amp 4
E— LA MP
c
heck t hat t
he mono s
tab le stages a
re
moun ted d
irect
ly behind it
. COVER
working. I f ap u
lse g enera tor is n
ot
Pen torches vary in t
heir methods o f a
vailable, the probe c an b e t es
ted by
c
onstruction, b ut i n mo st c ases t he c
onnect ing i
t to t
he c
om mon
s
witch mechan ism w i
ll h ave t o b e connec t
ion o f a m icrosw itch. When
r
emoved . Ift he Eve
ready t orch case is t
he m icroswitch i
s o pe rated, the
u
sed, the switch isremoved b y d r
ill
ing contacts momenta ri
ly o pen c i
rcuit a
nd
o
ut the r e
taining rivet lo
cated b ehind p
roduce a v ery s hort pulse a c
ro s
s t
he E
PDXY
RES
IN
t
he s ma
ll label on t
he e nd o f the u n
it. p
robe .
NA
IL A
SPROBE
For our p
rototype we mounted t he I
f a
l
l t
e
sts p
rove s
at
isfacto
ry, t
he P
robe ti
p, so
lder a l
ead t
o t
he n
ail
c
omponents o n a p iece of pheno
lic
p
robe i
sready f
or u
se. • b
efore g
lueing i
nto pos
ition
.
r
es
in board (
0.1" ho
le cent
res)
.

A p
rinted ci
rcuit b oard may be used,
b
ut po
int-to-point w
iring is
c
onsiderab ly e
asier
. I
f t
he
c
onvent
ional c omponents s pec
ified in
t
he parts li
st are u sed, the finished
p
roduct will fi
t easi
ly i nto the torch
c
ase
.

I
t i s a dv
isable t
o wrap s
ome
i
n
sulat
ing mate r
ial a
round t
he
c
omponent b oard b efore in
sert
ing i t
i
n
to the t
orch b ody.

T
EST
ING OV
Check t he w ir
ing c areful
ly a nd Very s
hortp ul
ses ofei
ther po
larity c
an beproduced OV
b
y connecting the p
robe t
o am icroswitch
. (
see t
ext
).
c
onnect t he probe t o a 5 Vo lt dc
s
upply. The l
amp s
hould g
low
i
mmed iate
ly. If i
t d oes not, recheck
t
he wiring and measure the voltage a
t
p
oints B, Cand D a
fter re
ferring to t
he
c
i
rcu
it d
escr
ipt
ion
.

Next t
ouch t he p
robe onto a po
int
t
hat i
sat ground potent
ial
. The lamp
s
hould e
xtingu
ish. I
fitdoes n
ot, c
heck

P
ARTS L
IST
Al — r
e
sisto
r 4
.7k Y
.wat
t 5%
R2
R3 " 1
00S2 " " "
R4, R6
R5, R7
R8
01,2
,3 -
— d
iode s t
ype 1 N 9 14
(
or equivalen t
)
04 — d
iode OA 9 5
Cl, C2 t
antalu m tag c apacitor
(
STC ) 47µ f
, 6 .3 v o
lt
01 — t
ransistor
, BC108
02 — " TT643 ( STC)
I
CI — i
ntegrated circu it 7400'
La mp — RM6 — 6 .3 V50
(
Plessey-Ducon )
Matrix Board
P
en t o
rch (see t
ext)
•No te 7 t
he suf
fix fo
r the 7400
s
eries IC d
epends o n t
he manufacture
r

T7400 — made b
y SGS
MC7400 — " " Moto ro
la How prototype u
nit was constructed; t
he
SN7400 — " " T exa
s Ins
t. c
ircu
it board s
hould be i
nsulated from
t
he metalcase
. C
o mp
leted p
robe h
oused i
n at
orch c
ase
.

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
4
8
L
s
r
s
imp
ly
No more a nd n o less . Just a n w
ider fr
equency response , afar
accura te e ncore p erformance . b
etter s
igna
l-to-noise specif
icat
ion
Of c ourse TANDBERG q uality means a
nd more natural sound reproduct
ion
.
g
rea ter l ong t e
rm r e
liab i
lity, more

of
fe
rsyou
l
ong t erm p er formance a nd g rea ter See a nd hear both TANDBERG
l
ong t erm s a
tis fact
ion ; these a ttr
ibu tes mode ls at a
ll f
ranchised Simon G ray
g
o h and i nh and w ith t he TANDBERG dealers. L
isten and c ompare.

s
ound
n
ame . TANDBERG s uperiori
ty isclear
ly
Y ou may c hoose a TANDBERG e
viden t when you h ear a
s
tereo d eck o r a TANDBERG s e
l f demons trat
ion, w hen you ins
tal
l
y
our own TANDBERG .. a nd y ears
con tained s tereo s ys tem . T he Mode l

r
e
produc
tion
l
ater, a
fter hundreds of hours o
f
3000X s tereo t ape d eck i s wor thy o f
t
he f inest s tereo amp lif
iers a nd t he musical pleasure.
mos t s oph istica ted s peaker s ystems ; Move u
p t
o T
ANDBERG!

i
n
di
sti
nguishab
le
t
he a l
l n ew Mode l 4 000X s tereo
sound c en tre i ncorpora tes t win 1 0 r —— —— —— —— — — — — — — - - — —
'
Te
lex — 3 1904.
Wat tS R.M .S. s tereo amp l
ifiers, b uilt
-in S
i mon G ray Pty. Ltd.
.
w
ide r ange s peakers a nd a n i nput I 2
8 Elizabeth S treet
,

fr
om th
e
s
ens i t
ivity o f 1 .5 mV . f or magne t
ic • Melbourne 3 000.
P
lease s end me f ull t
echn ica
l i n
form-
c
ar tridges a s w e
ll a s ah ost of o ther a
t
ion a bou t the T ANDBERG 3 000X/4000X
h
igh ly d esirab le a nd e ffec t
ive (
s
trike o ut mode l n ot r
equired) and the
f
eatures . T his v ersatile r ecorder c an

o
r
ig
inal
• n
ame o f my n earest Si mon G ray fr
an-
• c
hised d ealer
.
b
e t he " hear t" o f your n ew s tereo
s
ys tem ! NAME

Both TANDBERG mode ls employ ADDRESS

t
he proven TANDBERG C rossf
ield
POSTCODE
Head which
, in l
ay t
erms
, prov
ides man a
b J

ABR
I D GE D SPE C
IFI C AT
I O N S:

TANDBERG MODEL 3 000X.

S
tereo tape deck. TANDBERG MODEL 4 000k;
•T hree speeds — 71 2 .33
/ /
4 and 11/
4 p.s. • Frequency res- Complete stereo s
ys te m
.
• Three speeds — 71 2 ,33
/ /
4 a
nd 11/
2 i
.p
.s. • F requency r es
-
ponse nt 71
/ i
2 .
p.s. = 4 0-20,000 Hz. • S igna
l t o noise —60
ce • Tw in VU me ters • I nputs f
or t uners, pickups, micro- ponse a
t 71/
2 i
.
p.s. = 4 0-20,000 H z
. • S ignal t o no
ise —60
phones • Wow a nd flu
tter: 0.07 % • 4 s ound h eads • Sound dB. • Twin VU me ters • I npu ts f
or tuners, pickups, micro-
on Sound • Al
l s ol
id s ta
te • A ll desirable controls p
hones • Wow a nd flu
tter: 0.07 % • 4 sound h eads • Sound
o
n S ound •Al
l s ol
id s tate • Twin 10 watts R
.M .S
. ampl
i f
iers

A
ust
ral
ian N
ationa
l D
istr
ibu
tors
:

I
NTERSTATE R
EPRESENTAT
IVES
:
( &.
(- 6t
2 zI g
S) V ZC M
/
P
f
itzne
r's Mus
ic H
ouse
, S
mith S
t
ree
t, D
arw
in. T
e
l, 3
801
Head Off
ice : 28 E
lizabeth S
t.
, Me lbourne, V
ic. 6
3 8101' T e
lex: 3
1904
Q
'
land
: S
ydney G
. H
ughes
, 1
54-158 A
r
thur S
t
., N
ew F
arm
, B
r
isbane
. 5
8 1
422
Sydney O f
fice: 53 V ic
toria A v
., Cha tswood
, N.S.W. T e
l. 40 4
522'
Canberra O f
fice: 25 Mo
longlo Ma ll
, Fyshwick, A
.C.T
. Tel. 95 6
526 T
as
.: K
.W. M
cCu
lloch P
ty
. L
td
.. 5
7 G
eorge S
t
ree
t, L
aunces
ton
. T
e
l. 25
322
A0011
404
) 0 Rd.
, S eacl
i Te
l. 96 3
107 WA: A
tho
l M
. H
i
ll P
ty
. L
td
., 6
13-615 W
ell
ing
ton S
t
ree
t, P
e
.th
. T
e
l 2
1 7
861

ELECTR ONICS TODAY — JULY 1

971
 2and 3 wa
tt p
rofess
iona
l
I
.C
.audio amp
lif
iers
NO W AVA
ILABLE...
The S L402A a nd S L403A I ntegra ted capable o f d el
ive r
ing u p t o 2 .5 wa tts The In
tegra ted C ircuits c an b e used t o
C
ircuit A ud
io Amp li
fiers a re d esigned (
SL402A ) and u p to 3.5 w a
t ts ( SL403A ) f
orm the b asis o f as imp le a udio amp li-
f
or u se in P rofessiona l a nd D omes t
ic r
.m.s. output p ower. f
i
e r
, a n amp lif
ier w i
th b ase a nd treble
appl
ications whe re a c o mpac t
, l ow c ost, The ci
rcu its feature low d istortion, high t
one c ontrols or to fo
rm a more e labora te
h
igh q ual
ity a udio amp l
ifier is r equired . i
nput i mpedance a nd u se a m ini mu m of t
hree c hanne l syste m i n either mono o r
The d evices a re w idely u sed b y a e
xternal c o mponen ts
. I n a ddi
tion t he s
tereo. T he d evices a re a vai
lable e x
n
u mber o f Overseas manu facturers a nd dev
ices i ncorpora te overvo ltage p ro
tec - s
tock f r
om t he Profess iona l Componen ts
a
re d es
igned f or u se by b oth manu fac - t
ion
. a s af unction of the d esign a pp
lied Depart men t of P
lessey Ducon P
ty.
t
urer and hobby ist al
ike. t
o the o utput s tage, t hus offering s ub- L
im i
ted o r t hrough t he n orma l trade
E
ach u ni
t i nco rpora tes a p rea mp lif
ier s
tantia
l p rotection a gains
t e xcessive c
hanne ls. T echnical l i
terature i s avail-
a
nd aC lass A
-B p ower amp l
ification s tage s
upply v o
ltages . ab
le on r eques t.

P
erfor mance Character
ist
ics S
L402A S
L403A
Output p o wer r.m.s
. 2 Wa
tt 3Wa tt
I
nput i mpedance P
reampli
fier 20 Mu 20 Mu
Main ampl
if
ier 1
00 MU 100 Mu
D
istortion P
reampli
fier 0
.1% 0
.1%
Main ampl
ifie
r 0
.3% 0
.3%
F
requency r esponse L owe r 3db po
int 2
0 Hz 20 Hz
Upper 3
db p o
int 3
0 KHz 30 KHz
Operating v oltage -14 V 7-18 V
Mini mu m o perat
ing load 7
.5 u 7
.5 !I

P
LESSEY Me
B
r
lbourne
isbane
4
2
2
1
3
921
7
444
Adelaide 7
6 3
434

Ducon P
e
A
r
th
uckland (N Z)
2
1
7
8
4
821
5
09

P
lessey Ducon P
ty L
imited
Box 2 PO V
illa wood NS W 2
1 63 Te
lephone 7
2 0
1 33

5
0 ELECTR O NICS TO DA Y — JUL Y 1
971
T
ACHO-DWELL
M
ETER
Ve P
ROJECT

1
■••
••

5
0

DWELL
B
oth eng
ine s
peed and d
i
str
ibuto
r dwel
l a
ngle
a
re s
hown by t
his d
ash
-mounting me
ter
.

F
IG . 1and 2. Dwel
la ng
le i
sthe angle

A
t
hrough which the di
stributor c
am t urns N ACCURATE e ngine s peed i ndica tor i sa n es
sent ial
whi
lst t
he contact b
reaker point
s are i
nstru ment f o
r t he k een d rive r, for o nly b y k now ing
c
losed
. e
ng ine s peed i si tpo ss
ib le t o o btain o p
timu m
p
erfo rmance w ith m in imum e ngine s t
re ss
.
B
ut t he i nstru men t d escr
ibed i nt his article d oe s mo re
t
han t h
is — i talso i ndica tesd istributo r dwe ll angle.
Dwell a ngle i st he ang le th rough w hich t he d istributo r cam
t
urns w h
ils t the c ontac t breake r p oint s are c losed ( F
igs. 1
a
nd 2 )
.
During t his p eriod p rima ry c urrent i sb ui
ld ing u p t
he
i
gnition c oil's magne tic f i
eld i np repa ration f or the next
i
gnition c ycle.
The dwe ll a ngle i sd ete rmined b y t he c ontac t breake r g ap
.
Theo re t
ica lly t he manufac ture r' s s pecified g ap w ill prov ide
*m
oo t
he c o rrect dwe ll angle — b ut inp rac t
ice t his o n
ly h appens
w
ith n ew d istr
ibuto rs, a nd n o t always t hen.
The i mpo rtant f acto r ist he dwe ll a ngle, f or this
r
ep resent s t he t ime a vailable f or t he c o
il t o b ui
ld u p energy.
I
ft he dwe ll a ngle isl ess than s pec ified , the c oi
l w i
ll h ave
i
nsuf ficient t ime t o store e ne rgy b e fore t he c ontac t p o
in ts
r
eopen t o i n
itia te the n ext h igh v oltage d i
scha rge from t he
i
gnition c oil.
On t he o ther h and, t oo much dwe ll w il
l r esult i nthe
contac t b reake r p oint s being b urn t b y ene rgy r ema ining
i
nt he c oi
l f rom t he p revious i gnition c ycle. T hi
s e nergy
wi
ll a lso i nterfere w ith t he n ext i gnition c ycle.

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 5
1
 T
ACHO-DWELL Q
l
2.R
. A
e s
i
s t
sto r
he e
s R
mit
2 a
ter
nd R
so f0
7 di
1 a
vide t
nd 0
he s
2a r
atura
e he
tion v
ld at ap
o
l
o
tage o
sitive
f

M
ETER v
p
o
o
l
ten tia
tage o
l o
fd
fa pprox
iode D
ima
3, th
tely 0
e b as
.6V b
ev o
y t
ltage o
he f
f0
orwa
2 wi
rd c
l
l b
onduc
ev ery
tion

n
early e qua l t ot he e mitterv oltage . T hus 0 2c anno t
The c on tact b r
eake r gap i sam ean sofa djus ting the conduc t.
dwe l
l a ng le ( F
ig. 3). N ominally t h
isgap m ay b e .016" — 3
.C apac ito r C l wil
l c harge t hrough R 8a nd t h
e m ete r
(
M1).
b
ut i np rac t
ice , too btain the correctd we
l l a ngle, itmay
b
ea sm uch a s. 020" o ra sl i
t
tle as. 0
10". 4
.Ap ulse a r
riving att he TACHO I NPUT f orwa rd b iases
A dwe ll m e tera l
so p rov
ide ss ome i nd
ication o fc ontact D1 w hich c onduc ts, thus a low ing t he p ulse tof orwa rd b ia
s
b
reake r p o
int so peration a thigh engine speed s
. T he Q2. T ran s
i sto r 0 2 now c onduc ts, e ffec t
ively c onnec ting
i
ndica tion st hata reg iven are descr
ibed late r int h
is art
icle. t
erm ina l Ao fC 1 tot he e mi t
te r c ommon l ine
. T hus t e
rm inal
The E LECTRON ICS TODAY u n
it has been d e
signed f or Bo fC l w il
l b e at anega tive p otent ial w ith respec tt ot he
i
nstallation i n av ehicle ra
the r than as as
e pa rate tuning emitte rc ommon l i
ne
. A s term ina l Bo fC l i sconnec ted
t
hrough R 6 t ot he base o f0 1, t hist ransistor wil
l b ec ut-off
i
nstrumen t
. At oggle s w
itch s e
lectse i
ther e ngine r pm o r
dwell a ngle ; th
is m ay b e moun ted i nany c onven ien t a
nd c ur ren tw il
l flow i nto t he b ase o f0 2 through A l and
p
osition . R2, h o
ld ing 0 2 on. Capac ito r C l w ill t hen d is
cha rge
t
hrough RV1 a nd R 5
.
The c ircu it oft he c omple te unit iss
hown i nF i
g. 4.
A
lthough m any o ft he componen t
s are c
ommon t ob oth 5
. When C l h a sdischa rged s u ff
ic ient ly, 0 1 w i
ll a gain
t
he t achome ter and t he d wel
l m eter, i
tise asier tof o
llow c
onduc t
, c utting o ff 0 2 ( a
se xpla ined i ns equence 2a bove )
.
t
he p rinc iple o fo pera t
ion b yc onsider
ing t hem a ss p
eara te 6.T hus ac on stantw idth p u
lse i sg ene rated a tthe
e
ntitie s
. c
ollecto r o f0 2. T he width o ft hi s p ulse ( i
.e
., the t ime f or
which 0 2c onduc ts) isd eterm ined b y t he time c on s tan to f
TACHOMETER O
PERAT
ION RV1 + R 5, a nd C l
.
7
.T hisc on stan tw idth p u
l se isa pplied t h
rough R 8t ot he
1
. When p
ower i
sapp
lied t
othec
i
rcu
it, t
r
ans
isto
r C
t
1 i
s
meter, t he i n ertia ofw h
ich i ss uf icient t oh old the n eed le
b
i
ased ON by R
5, R6 a
nd RV1. i
np o
sition b e tween p ulse s.

F
ig. 3 POS
ITIVE SUPPLY RA
IL

F
IG. 3T he c
ontact b
reaker
g
ap i
s ameans ofadjust
ing
t
he dwe
lla ng
le.

F
IG. 4C
ircu
it d
iagra m o
fco mp
lete u
nit
.

R
3 3
3k
TACHO
I
NPUT

DWELL
I
NPUT
"S
EE TABLE 1
 a
verage c
urrent 3h
oles Y
." 0
COLLECTO U
CURRENT
OF 02

02
ON
02
OFF
0
°
N
2
L
OW R
EVS 9 4 00
1 0

I, T
I ME E T01 21

000

ION Q
2O
02
FF 1 O
0N2 0
OF
2 FIO
QN2 1O
0f2
f IO
QN2
T
IM(

H
IGH R
EV S
F
IG. 5Thissho wsh ow a
verage c
urrent i
nto t
he
t
achometer v
aries w
ith c
hanging e
ngine s
peed
.

F
IG. 6F
oilp
attern — f
u
lls
i
ze.
8
.A se ngine speed increas e
s, the t ime between t hese
c
onstant width p u
lse swill d ecrea se — i .
e
., t he mark-space measurement 0 2 c ollec tor c u rren t will f l
ow t hrough R 9 and
r
at
io will change. This iss hown g raphically i nFig. 5.T he R
10 w hich a re the b ias r esisto rs f o
r 0 3, and t his transistor
o
veral
l e fect isto inc
rea se t he average c urrent through t he w
ill conduc t, effec tively s horting o ut t he me ter. T his
meter and hence it
s d e
flec tion. a
rrangement p revent s the c oil's ' r
inging ' e nergy f rom a gain
9
.T he v a
lue of C1 i schosen t o s uit the m aximum s ca
le f
orwa rd b ia sing D 2 b e
fo re t he p o
int sa ctually c lose, causing
r
eading required, and al
so f or t
he n umbe r o fcyl
inde rso f t
he m ete r t o read h ighe r t han i ts hou ld .
t
he vehicle t
o which t he m eter ist o be fi
tted . T
able 1s how s 3
.T hus , a st he d istributo r ro tates, t he me ter w ill attemp t
s
evera
l c ombina t
ions — b ut, ifn eces s
a ry
, t he co
rrect value t
os w
ing a lterna tely b etween z ero a nd f ul
l s cale d e
f lect
ion .
o
f Cl can b e c
alculated b y t he follow ing fo rmula: But the m echan ica l i n
ertia o f t he movement w i
ll p revent
C
1 (
i
nµf
) = 2400 r
apid n eed le movement , a nd s o t he me ter w i
ll re g
iste r an
f
u
ll s
ca
le r
pm xnumbe
r o
f c
y
linde
rs
a
verage v a
lue r ep resent ing t he dwe ll a ngle.
4
.T o p revent b atte ry v oltage c hange sa ffec t
ing dwe ll
DWELL METER OPERAT
ION r
eading , as tabil
ized s upp ly i si nco rpo ra ted. R e
sisto r R12
The dwe
ll s
ect
ion o f t
he ELECTRON ICS TODAY u n
it a
nd z ene r d iode ZD1 ma inta in t he p otent ial b etween t he
o
perates a
sfol
low s: p
o s
itive a nd n egat ive s upp ly a ta pp rox ima tely 6 .2V . Diode
1
. When the con
tac t b
reake
r point
sc lose, t
he c
athode o
f D3 isf orwa rd b ias ed a nd i t
s f orwa rd c onduc t
ion v oltage-
d
iode D2 wi
ll beearthed. Th
is w
ill f
orwa rd b
ias D2 wh
ich d
rop r aises t he negat ive s upp ly a bove g round b y about 0 .6V .
w
il
l conduct v
ia RV2 , R11 and t
he meter, t
hus caus
ing t
he Thus ground i sat- 0.6V w ith r e
spec t to t he n egative r a
i
l ,
m
eter t
odeflec
t. p
rovid ing t he nega t
ive s upp ly r e quired f or tachome ter
2
. When t
he po
intsopen
, t
rans
isto
r 02 w
il
l contac
t (i
n the operation .
s
ame manner a
sf o
r t
achome
ter ope
rat
ion
); but f
or dwe
ll
CONSTRUCT
ION
Ap rinted c ircu it board ist
he simplest a nd mo stc onvenient
way of mount ing the c omponent s
. T he foil pa
t te
rn o f apc
PARTS L
IST b
oa rd, d es
igned t o mount d i
rect
ly o nto t he te
rm inals o
f the
meter s pecif
ied , i sshown i nFig
. 6.
R1,2,4,8 — r
es
isto
r 1k Y. watt 5%
•R9 1
k Mount a l the c omponent s on t
he p c boa rd (F
ig. 7i nd
icates
R3 33k t
heir p osit
ions ), mak ing sure t
hat the diode sa nd trans
istors
R5 10k a
re c o
rrect ly l ocated. This i
s most impo rtant.
R6,7 2
.2k
At
tach s uitab le lengths o
f hook-up w ire t o t
he p o
ints shown
•R10 3
.3k
•R 11 3
.3k i
nF ig. 7 .
R12 2
20 o h ms wat
t 5%
RV 1 4
.7k TRI MPOT
T
he pr
inted c
ircu
it b
oard i
s mounted d
irect
ly o
nto t
he b
ack
•RV2
Cl c
apac
ito
r —see t
able 1 o
f t
he meter
.
C2 " 0
.00111
f 1 00 Vo
lt (
g
reen c
ap)
•C3
01,3 d
iode I N 9 14
• D2 " EM 4 10
ZD1 z
ener d iode BZY 8 8 C 6V2
•S W1 — s
ing
le p o
le c hange o ver s w
itch
PC1 p
rinted c ircuit boa rd — ET 0 12
M 1 — Meter 1mA f ull scale d ef
lection — r ecom mend-
e
d type i sF errier Ins tru ments CS-260 -T. If
u
sing q uo te max r pm r eading required — i .
e
.
-
5000 , 7 000, or 1 0,000 r pm. —a lso whe ther
f
or positive o r nega t
ive e arth vehicle
Q
1,02, BC108 , TT643 , or s im i
lar
03 — BC178 , TT638 , TT644 o r simila
r
Use transistors q uoted a bove for negative e
arth
v
ehicles.
0
1, 02 — BC178 , TT638 , TT644 o r similar
•Q3 — BC108 , TT643 , or sim i
lar
Use these t r
ans is
to rs f or pos
itive earth veh
icles
.
•The un
it c
an be bu
ilt so
lely a
s atacho mete
r b
y e
l
imina
ting
t
hose c
o mponents marked thus •
T
ACHO-DWELL DASH L
IGHTS

M
ETER TACHO I
NPUT
(
,HOUND

DWELL I
NPUT /

I
ON SW
ITCH

EXT
SWITCH
I
SVV1/

+
,E AR V
IE W
,
F FERRIER
L
S260T METER

F
IG. 7Component l
a
yout o
n pr
inted
c
i
rcui
t b
oard
. (c
omponent s
i
de)
.

Having mounted all t

he components on t
he boa
rd, c
heck i
t VALUE OF C
l

c
areful
ly against t
he c
ircu
it (a
nd Fig. 7
)
, then mount t
he No
. OF
b
oard o nto t
he back of t
he mete
r with t
he components MAX.
CYLINDERS

o
utermos t. READING 4 6
OF TACHO
Connect t
he l
ead marked GROUND t o t
he v
ehic
le c
hass
is.
Connect t
he DWELL I NPUT to t
he TACHO I NPUT and
t
hen to t
he d
ist
ributo
r side o
f t
he c
oi
l p
rimary
. 5
,000 0
.
12 p
r
f 0
.0821
.0 0
.056 P
t
Connect t
he l
ead ma
rked BATTERY t
o t
he s
witched
1
2 Volt s
upply
.
7
,000 0
.082 p
f 0
.056 p
f 0
.047 p
f
I
fthe vehicle isfitted with ac apac ito r d
ischarge i g
nition
s
ystem , the connect ions s hou ld b e as fo
llows :
1
. GROUND t o vehicle c hassis
. 1
0,000 00
56 w
1 00
39 p
f 0
.033 i
.
e
2. DWELL I NPUT t o distributor . r

3. TACHO I NPUT t o li
ve s ide of coil pr
ima ry. T
able 1
4. BATTERY t o the switched 1 2 v olt s
upp ly.
The circuit shown i n F
ig. 4i sintended f or veh
icles with
anegative earth ignition s ystem . a
nd ad
just RV2 f
or f
u
ll s
ca
le mete
r de
flect
ion
. T hat
's a
l
l.
F
or vehicles with ap os
itive e arth sys tem, the p o
larity o f C
al
ibrat
ing t
he t
achometer i
s al
i
tt
le more i
nvo
lved.
a
l the diodes must b e reve rsed and t he a
lternative transistors The qu
ickest, s
imples
t w ay i
st o c
a
l ib
rate aga
inst another
q
uoted i nt he parts li
st subs tituted f or 01, 02 a nd 03 . T he a
ccurate tachometer —your local g
arage wil
l almos
t certain
ly
meter mus t al
so b e ordered w ith it
s t erminals reversed f o
r h
ave amas ter t
acho; o
r you could use the t
achometer fi
tted
p
ositive earth systems . t
o the
ir engine t
uning e
quipment .
The TACHO—D WELL selec
tor sw
itch s
hou
ld b
e mounted Both t
achometers s
hould b
e connected t
o t
he v
ehic
le. W
ith
i
n asu
itab
le p
osit
ion i
nthe v
ehic
le. t
he eng
ine r
unning at h
igh s
peed
, ad
just RV1 to o
bta
in
The meter s
pecif
ied inthe p a
rt s l
i
st h
as a
n in
ternal l
amp t
he same r
ead
ing a
s t
hat s
hown o
n t
he ma
ste
r t
achome
ter
.
f
or i
lum inat
ing the meter face
. One side o
f t
his lamp Happy motor
ing
'
s
hould be connected to v
ehicle ground and t
he other t
o
t
he li
ve s
ide of t
he dash l
i
ght s witch
. DWELL ADJUSTMENT
To ad
jus t dist
ributo r dwell ang
le, the di
stributor
T
EST
ING P
ROCEDURE p
oints shou ld be adjusted wh i
le the eng
ine i sbe
ing
T
he un
it i
sn ow r
eady f
or t
es
ting
. c
ranked r ound w ith the starter motor. (I
t isadv
isable
W
ith t
he e
ngine r
unning a
t i
d
ling s
peed
, ar
ead
ing s
hou
ld t
o do th
is w ith the spark plugs removed , to r
educe
b
e obta
ined on t
he meter w
ith SW1 ine
i
the
r p
osit
ion
. s
t
rain on t he elect
rical sys
tem .)
(
Determine wh
ich pos
ition i
swhich)
. The correct dwe l
l angle for each vehic
le can be
o
btained f rom t he manufac turer's h
andbook .
At th
is juncture it may be necessary to a
djust the v
a
lue o f
R3 (nom inal
ly 3 3k). Ifno tacho reading i
so bta
ined at METER I
NDICAT
IONS
i
d
ling s peed, t
his re
sistor may n eed t
o be decreased — Ift
he dwel
l meter r
eading change
s by more t
han
p
robab ly to 22k. If
, on the other hand, t
he mete r i
serrat
ic
t
hree o
r f
our deg
rees over t
he normal s
peed r
ange o
f
a
thigh e ngine speeds, t
his r
e s
istor may have to be i
ncreased t
he eng
ine
, the d
ist
ributor bear
ings a
re p
robably wo
rn;
i
nvalue.
aloose contact b
reake
r b
ase p
late may a
l
so g
i
ve t
he
CAL
IBRAT
ION s
ame i nd
ications
.
Contact breake
r point
s bounce w
i
ll b
e i
ndicated b
y
Ca
librat
ion of t
he dwell me
ter iss
imple.
ameter re
ad ing wh
ich fluc
tuate
s a
bout amean
Switch t
he TACHO/D WELL s e
lector sw
itch t
o DWELL ,
p
osit
ion.
e
nsure that t
he v
ehic
le's c
ontact b
reaker po
int
s are c
losed

5
4 ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 T
h
e
S
A
NE

h
a
sbe
en
e
x
po=
f
o
rwh
at
i
ti
s
.

S • . • •
0
P
.00
101 •A•

0 • Au
stad
-

They said "Surpr

ise P acke
t". That's many amp l
ifiers at $600 wh ich d on't SPEC IF ICAT IONS :
e
xac t
ly what itis
. T he comple
tely have a s g ood a d amp ing fac tor. T h
is Mus ic p ower : 50 watts at 4o h ms
.
i
ndependen t rev
iew i n t
he May i s
sue o
f means t ha t both t he b ass a nd t r
ans ient 4
4 wa tts at 8o h ms
.
R
.M .S. p ower : 3
6 wa tts at 4o h ms
.
"E
lectronics Today" also says .. r
esponse o f the loudspeakers a t
tached t o 3
0 w atts at 8oh ms.
"Per
fo rmance of the Sansu
i AU -101 t
he amp l
ifier is i mmeasurab ly i mproved Total har mon ic d istort
ion :
s
tereo ampli
fier bel
ies it
s low price"
. L
ess t han 0 .8 % a t rated o utput
when c ompared t o tha t p
rov ided b y a n F
requency r esponse :
And that
's t
rue, too! amp l
ifier w ith a d a mping f actor o f
, s ay, 2
0-60,000 H z. ± 2 dB .
only 2 0
. Channe l s epara t
ion :
F
rank ly the Sansui AU-101 o
ffers more B
etter t han 4 5 dB .
The h um a nd noise p erformance a re I
npu t sens it
ivity:
r
eal p er
formance t han any o
ther both v ery g ood a nd b etter than mos t 3 mV ( Magne t
ic c artridge )
amplif
ier ever avai
lable fo
r on
ly $138. o
ther amp lif
iers at t w
ice t he p r
ice." D
i mens ions : 1 6" x 1" x 4V s"
L
et's q uote a l
i
tt
le more from th
is P
rice: S 138
"The S ansu i AU-101 i s av ery g ood b uy,
u
nb iased a nd author
itat
ive r
eview .. part
icu larly a t t
he p r
ice ... "
"The measured p erformance o f t he T
here a
re the fac
ts. H
ere a
re brie
f and
S
i mon Gray P
ty. L
td.
,
amp l
ifier i sv ery g ood. T he f requency n
ecessar
ily abr
idged spec
ifica
tions: —
2
8 El
izabeth S
t
., Melbourne 3
000
.
r
esponse i se xcep t
iona lly flat under a l
l P
lease send me a l
l the tac
t3 o n
conditions o f loading a nd t he distor t
ion *
Ask fo
r fu
ll d e
tai
ls. Send t he t
he Sansui AU -101 and the na me
i
se xemp lary , b eing l ess t han 0 .8 % c
oupon now .. we k now y ou
'll o
f my n earest Si mon Gray fran-
a
gree t
hat t
he Sansui AU-101 c
hised dealer
.
u
nde r a l
l c ond itions o f t est
ing .
The intermodu la t
ion d istor tion w as i
s area
l " Surpr
ise P acket"!
p
articu larly g ood , b e
ing 0 .3 % a t f u
ll load NA ME
a
nd l ess t han 0 .1% a t 1 wa t
t o utpu t
.
One of t he f eatures w e l iked b es t was ADDRESS

Sansui
.
t
he o utpu t d amp ing fac to r of 70. T his is
t
he b est d amp ing f actor we h ave s een i n S
ound
a
ny amp lifier u nder $ 300 , a nd t here a re S
atisf
iers POSTCODE

SANSU I D ISTRIBUTORS : A ustralia, excepting W .A.

: S i mon G ray P ty
. L td. H ead O ff
ice: 2 8 Elizabeth S t
ree t, Me lbourne.
3
000 . Tel
. 63 8101*. Telex: 31904 . Sydney Of f
ice: 53 Victor ia Avenue , Cha tswood , N.S.W . 2 067. Tel 40 4 522*. Carberra
Off
ice: 25 Molong lo Mall
, F yshw ick, A.C.T. 2609. Tel. 95 6 526. Ade laide O f
fice: 8 1 Y acca R oad
, S eac l
ifte, S .A 5 049
.
Tel
, 96 3107. NT .: Pf
itzner's Mus ic House , Sm ith Stree t
, D arwin. 5 790. T el
. 3 801. O ld.: S ydney G. H ughes , 1 54-158
A
rthur Street, New Farm , Brisbane . 4005. Tel
. 5 8 1
422. T as.: K. W . McCu lloch P ly. Ltd.
, 5 7 George S tree t
, L aunces ton,
7
250 . Tel 25 322. W.A. D istributors: C ar
lyle & Co . P ty. L td., 1-9 M il
ligan S t
ree t
, P er
th. 6 000
. T e
l. 2 2 0191. S ansui
equip ment is manufactured b y
: S ansui Electric Co. Ltd., 1 4-1, 2-chome , lzumi, S uginam i-ku, T okyo
, J apan .

ELECTR ONICS TODAY — J

ULY 1
971 5
5
S
WIMM
ING P
OOL
C
an y ou d
e
sign a
nef
fec
tive a
nd r
e
l
iable s
y
stem w
hich w
i
ll a
ny sys
tem that ut
il
ises wave act
ion to i
n
itiate the a
l
arm
p
rovide a
ud
ible w
arn
ing ifac
hi
ld f
a
ll
s in
to as
wimming mus
t not b
e a
ffec
ted by s
low changes i
nwater le
vel
.
p
ool? O
the r facto rs toc onsider include:
(
a
) W ind -
induced r ipple
s.
I
fso
, y
ou could he
lp r
educe t
h
e i
n
creas
ing
ly la
rge n
umbe
r (
b
) E ffec t of t
hunde rstorms.
o
fyoung c
h
i ldren d
rowned e
ve
ry y
ea
r inuna
ttended (
c
) A voidance o f false tr
iggering b y birds, leaves, e
tc
.
s
w
imm ing pools
. (
d
) E ffect o fc onstan t imme rsion o n component s.
I
t is strong ly r e
commended t hat t he s ystem s hould b e
b
attery-ope rated a nd t hat
, ifi ti
s
, b attery d rain should not

E
e
xceed 1/ 2 mA f rom a 6 o r 1 2 Vo lt b attery. Provision
VERY YEAR t oddle rs a nd s mall c h
ildren d rown i n
unattended s wimm ing p ools — t r
aged ies t hat s t
rike s
hould b e made t o check b atte ry condition .
swift
ly a nd a lmo st s i
lently , f or t he s plash o f a Systems i n wh ich e l
ectrode s detect w ave a ct
ion a re not
two -yea r
-old i sn ot l oud a nd w ill rarely b e heard mo re than a
ccep table a s e ntr
ie s, unless t he electrode s a utoma t
ically
afew f ee t a way. a
djust for s low c hange i n w ater le
vel o f at l e
ast six in
che s
.
This i s as erious h azard — b ecom ing more s oe very y ear as
t
he n umbe r o f d ome stic p oo ls increases — a nd a bout wh ich
q
ue st
ions a re n ow b eing asked i nS tate P arl
iament s
.
And s o fa r there i sn o r eally s a
tisfacto ry s o
lut ion — n o
a
larm s ystem t hat c an b e r e
lied u pon t o o perate u nde r al
l
c
ond itions .
Tha t i s why we h ave chosen t h
is p roblem a s t
he o b
ject of This isthe fi
rstof aser
ies of des
ign
o
ur f i
rst d esign c ompe t
ition. c
ompet it
ions to be r
un b y ELECTRON ICS
Wha t we a re s eek ing i s as ystem t hat w il
l p rovide a udible TODAY .
warn ing i f as mall c h
ild falls i nto (or i sabout t o fal
l i n
to) a The p urpose of t
he compe t
itions isto
d
ome stic-size s wimm ing p oo l
.
i
ndicate k nown problems and t o p
rovide
The re a re many d i
fferent a pproache s t o s o
lving t h
is
p
rob lem , t he mo s t c ommon o f wh ich i s t o s ense t he p
ub l
icity, plus mate
ria
l incentive, f
or
t
ran sient c hange i n water l eve l. . s
ucce s
sful solut
ions.
But i t mus t b e r emembe red t hat t he w ater level in ap ool
may r i
se o r f al
l s everal i nche s d ue t o rain o r leakage, a nd

ENTRY COUPON
IFIRST PRIZE
ELECTR ON
2
1, B

He
athurs

rew
ICS TODAY DES
t Stree

ith my e
t, S

ntry i
IGN CO MPET
ydney 2
000

n y our s w
IT

imm
I ON

ing pool ala

rm des
ign
I $
1000
c
o mpe t
ition
. Ih ave read t he contes
t cond
itions and a
gree
t
o abide by the j
udge's dec
ision.
W
ORTH O
F H
I
-Fl E
QU
IPMENT
S
IGNED DATE

NA ME (
b
lock l
e
tte
rs)
F
ROM

• S
IMON G
RAY
ADDRESS

I A s
C
eparate c
losing d
oupon must a
ate for t
his c
cco mpany e
onte
st i
ach e
ntry
.
s November 23
rd, 1
971
. P
ty
. L
td.

111 1 . 111 1 . 1
11 M INI MI M E M Il
l RUNNER—UP P
RIZES TO B
E ANNOUNCED LATER

5
6 ELECT R O NICS TO D A Y —J UL Y 1
971
 S
AFETY C
ONTE
ST
CONTEST COND
ITIONS
Contest w inners w il
l b e d ecided b y ap anel of judges
p
rofessionally e ngaged i n the e lectronics i
ndustry. Advice
w
ill also b e obtained f ro m t echn ica
l e xperts i
nvolved in
do mest
ic s w
im m ing p ool construct ion.
The judges' decis
ion w il
l b e final and no correspondence
w
ill b e e ntered i nto c oncern ing t he o utco me of t he
c
ontest.
Judging will t
ake i nto account :
(
a
) S E NS
IT IVITY AN D I M MUNITY FR O M FALSE
ALAR MS . The un
it must r
espond t
o an ob
ject — r
ough
ly
s
pherica
l in shape, n
ot exceeding 14 l
b i n we
ight a
nd
having a spec ific gravity o f not le
ss t han 1 .00 — f al
ling
t
hrough a h eight o f not more t han 12 inches . Under these
s
tandard c ond itions, a n alar m must b e g iven when t h
is
object isdropped i nto a poo l (not less than 2 5ft
. long by
15ft. wide) at a ny point around t he peri meter. Idea
lly the
a
lar m u n
it w ill have a s ensit
ivity a d
jus t ment wh ich w i
ll
a
lso cater for various size pools.
The un
it must n ot be affected b y changes i n water leve
l
due to r
ain or seepage , and a rrange ments mus t be made t o
p
revent false tr
igger ing b y w ind-induced r ipples, thunder,
l
i
ghtn ing
, aircraft, or heavy -vehicle no
ise.
,
x
6 co
x
S
\:0
N 2
, 0
\1
OMNG C
1
POO9
\
k
-sS
31
\1-
\
10°
)
;‘
1
(
b) REL I ABILITY . All co mponents must o perate within
manufacture r
's s pecif
ications . T he un
it mus t be sho wn to
b
e p rotected a ga inst a cc
identa l d a mage a nd c orrosion.
There shou ld p referably ( but n ot essentia
lly ) be s o me
r
e motely operable method o f checking o peration.
(
c
) VERSAT ILITY AN D EASE OF I NSTALL ATI ON'
The u
nit must be simp
le to insta
ll i
n a
ny s
i
ze, s
hape or
t
ype o
f do me
stic sw
imm ing pool
.
(
d) M ANUFACTURI NG FE AS IB ILITY AN D COST .
Units s hould h ave a r ea
listic manufactur ing c ost a nd
s
hou ld p referably not i
ncorporate a ny c o mponents
r
equ ir
ing specia
l manufactur ing me thods or techniques.
Entr
ies are acceptable f ro m al
l readers — ama teur o r
p
rofessional — e
xcept employees, o
r f
amil
ies o
f
emp loyees
, of Mode rn Magaz ines (Holdings) Ltd.
, Si mon
G
ray P ty
. Ltd.
, a nd the
ir r
espect
ive a
gents
, d
istr
ibutors
,
dea
lers o
r a
ssociated c
o mpan
ies.
Cons
iderable p
ubl
ic ity w
ill b
e given to w
inning entr
ies.
Contestants who foresee a co m merc
ial f
uture f
or their
e
ntries should consider prov
isiona l p
atent protection.
I
n t he f i
rst i nstance
, e ntrants s hould s ub m
it f u
ll
mechan ica
l a nd e
lectrica
l deta i
ls of their e
ntr
ies, t
ogether
w
ith d eta
iled description of operat
ion . Photographs may
be inc
luded i
f r equ
ired. E very c are w i
ll be taken to
s
afeguard the entrants' p
lans, but no respons
ibil
ity c
an be
a
ccepted i n t
his r espect
. DO NOT S E ND ACTU AL
POSS
IBLE OPERAT
ING METHODS UNITS.
I
n
itia
l s
elect
ion w
ill b
e b
ased o
n t
he e
ntrant
's
I
NCLUDE: d
escription and p
lans
.
F
inalists w
ill be asked to s
ub m
it work
ing p
rototypes f
or
*P
ressure sensing t
ransducer
s. p
hys ical and e
lectr
ical eva
luation
.
*R
ipp le sens
ing el
ectrodes
. These prototypes must be soundly c onstructed, b ut no
marks wi
ll be awarded for o
r aga
inst quality of f
i n
ish.
*Dopp lershiftofa ud
io orultra
son
ic ELECTR ONICS TODAY r eserves the right to p ublish
e
nergy . d
eta i
ls o
f any entr
ies, whether w
inners o r otherwise.
T here i
s n o entry fee and entrants may s ub mit more
*L
ight b
eam
s (
but r
emembe
rcurved p
ool
s). t
han o ne design if t
hey w ish — b ut e
ach entry must be
p
ools
). a
cco mpanied b y acoupon f ro m ELECTR ONICS TO DAY .
F
inal c
losing date is Nove mber 2 3
, a
nd the resu
lts w
ill
*Detection ofh
igh
-frequency c
omponent b
e a nnounced short
ly after
.
o
f 'splash'
. E
ntr
ies s
hou
ld b
e a
ddressed t
o: Des
ign Co mpet
ition
,
E
lectron
ics Today
, 2
1-23 B
athurst S
t.
, S
ydney
, N
.S.W
.
2
000 .
Make s
ure your na me a
nd a
ddress i
so n e
ach and e
very
e
nclosure
. And p lease do NOT send actua
l un
its un
less
o
ther w
ise a
dvised
.
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY— J
ULY 1
971
F
OUR C
HANNE
L
E
NCO D E R S
ansu
iOSM
atr
ixS
ound S
ys
tem

S
p
ANSU I h ave re
leased af our -channe l encode r for use i
n BL E N D
r
o fess
iona l r ecord ing s tudio s and b roadcas t sta
tions.
C O N T R OL S
C
laimed t o r eproduce t he o r
igina l sound f ie
ld w ith
f
u
ll l ivelines s int he li
stene r's room , the system a ccepts four
d
iscre te c hanne ls a nd c ondenses t hem i n
to t wo c hannels
c
omp le tely c
ompat ib le w
ith p
resent t
wo-channe l
p
rog ramme s ource s
, in c
lud ing r ecords , tapes, etc
.
T
he t wo c hanne ls t hus r ecorded a re then r estored t o the
o
r
ig ina l f our-channe l s ound b y aS ansu i QS -1 Q uadphon ic
S
ynthes izer , used as ad ecoder .
T
he manufacture rs c l
aim t o h ave o vercome t he p roblems
Fr.
o
f c onver sion l oss a nd r ear c hanne l r e
verse-phase s ound
c
ommon t o previous matr ix systems . F
IG. 1Block d
iag
ra m o
f
t
he Encoder
.
THE ENCODER
A block d iagram o f the e ncode r i sshown i n Fig
. 1 .T he
l
eft rear channe l isp hase shif ted b y + 900 t o a
void p lacing
t
hem i n reverse p hase t o o ne -anothe r
. T he l e
ft a nd r i
ght F
IG. 2Phase r
elat
ionships
s
ignal channe ls a
re c onstructed a s f
ollows : b
etween t
he four channe
ls. 0
— 90
LEFT = F l +F r +( R1 + 9 0 0 )+ ( Rr — 9 00 )
.
R
I GHT = F r +F l -( R +9 0 0 )-( Rr — 9 00 )
.
T
hus , sound i mages distinctive ly p resent in four discrete
c
hanne ls, as we ll a s those t hat may b e present b etween
t
hem , are encoded i n
to t wo c hanne ls without a ny loss.
T
he p hase s h
ifter is abroad -band t ype. An umbe r of these F
IG. 3T he d
ecoder
a
re c ascaded t o a chieve t he a pprop r
iate b andw idth a nd s
ynthe
sis
ing proce
ss.
p
ha se shift
.

THE DECODER
T
he d ecoder u ses t he e ncoder s ystem i n r everse. I t
s
ynthe s
ize s the e
ncoded two
-channe l s
i
gna l i
n
to
f
our-channe l s ound . A b lock d iagram o f t he p hase
DE C O DI N G phase
r
e
la t
ionsh ip between t he f our channels o f output i ss hown m o dulat or
M AT RI X
i
nF ig. 2
The t wo t o f
our-channe l c onve
rsion a b
ility of t
he d ecode r
i
s o ne o f i t
s g reat a dvantages. I t i s a l
so c apab le o f
s
ynthe s
izing four-channe l s ound from e xisting t wo-channe l
s
ources. T he p
roces s i
silus trated in F
ig. 3
(
A f u
ll t est repor t o f t he Sansui QS -1 Q uadphon ic
S
ynthe s
izer was published in t he Apri
l i
sue o
f
ELECTRON ICS TODAY .)

'
Ro m&
OS (\CO MP
Wir
e 0 0
SU M .
, O
CCO UP
F
ASTEST F
INGER
I
NTHE WEST v • P
ROJECT

IF y ou t h
ink t hat y our reactions a re d
e
lay cont
rol k nob; a
nd a '
S
tar
t —
S
o you t
h
ink your 's
plit second '
, h ere's a g adget tha t
'll R
ese
t' s
l
ide s
witch.
r
e
flexe
sare f
a
st? — M
atch l
e
t y ou p rove i t
! I td oesn't m easure
WHAT Y
OU D
O
y
our r
eaction t
ime aga
ins
t r
eaction t ime , but l ets y ou c ompa re
y
our r eaction t ime w ith t hat o f a n C
onte stants t
ouch t
heir r
i
ght
o
the
rs with t
his e
as
ily- f
oref
inge r
s o n the t able near o pposite
o
pponen t, i n a t wo-man c ontest
. I f
b
ui
lt d
evice
, d
es
igned b
y y
ou b e
lieve t hat y our r e
ac t
ions a ren't e
nds o f t he R eactest. O ne o f t he
A
. J
.Lowe
. s
lowed d own b y alcoho l; tes
t y ourself c
ontestant s, or at hird p erson, sl
ide s
a
gains t one w ho h asn't touched ad rop t
he s witch f rom ' Re set
' t o 'Start
'. A
—a nd see. s
hort, but u npredictable time l a
ter, the
The Reacte st isshown a bove. g
reen l i
ght c ome s o n
. T hen , and n ot
On t he a l
um inium p anel a re t wo b
efore, e ach c ontestan t t r
ies t o beat
p
u sh b uttons , each a s
sociated w ith a t
he o the r by o perat
ing h is own p ush
y
ellow p i
lo t li
ght
; ag reen pilot li
ght; a b
u t
ton .

5
9
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
F
ASTEST F
INGER
I
NTHE WEST

RV1
5
00k

R
I
1
0k

S
TART S
i

F
IG. 2C
i
rcu
itd
i
agr
am o
fcomp
lete u
n
it.

T
he f irs
t t o do s o make s his y e
llow c
hange -ove r c ontac ts, o pera ted b y the p
air i s o pened b y e ach r e
lay . T hese
l
i
ght c ome o n
. T he other yellow l i
ght o
the r r elay . T o p rovide a ' latching' c
on tact s a re t o prevent t he g reen l i
ght
c
an n ot t hen c ome o n, thus c learly f
unct ion , t he n orma lly o pen c ontac t
s c
om ing o n i f ab utton i sp res sed b efo re
i
ndicating who h as won . T he s l
ide o
f t he c hange -ove r s e
t o f each r e
lay i s t
he g reen l amp h as a ctua lly l it
. T he
sw
itch i sthen moved t o 'Reset', a nd w
ired t o h o
ld t he r e
lay o n o nce i th a
s o
pe ration o f e i
ther r e
lay o pens o ne
t
he d elay c ontrol k nob ' twidd led' operated . So
, i f p ush b ut ton 1 p
air o f c ontac t s and s o p revent s t he
r
andom ly. T he contestants get i
n to the operate s f irst, y ellow l amp 1c ome s on t
r
ig gering p ulse f rom t he U JT r each ing
r
eady p os
ition, a nd the sl
ide s witch is (
a nd s tays o n
) r e
lay 1 o pe rate s
, a nd t
he g ate o f t he S CR . I n t he n orma l
moved t o ' S
tart' once again. This t ime t
his o pens t he c on tac ts i n s e
rie s with c
onte st t he se c ontac ts o pen a fter t he
t
he g reen l i
ght w il
l o perate a fter a r
elay 2 .T his prevent s r e
lay 2 o perating g
reen l amp i sl i
t, b ut t he g reen l amp
d
if
fe rent t ime d e
lay, wh ich may b e a
nd p revent s lamp 2 c om ing o n. s
tay s o n b ecause when a n S CR i s
a
nyth ing f r
om % s econd to 3 0 s
e conds The r est o f t he c i
rcu it, o n t he left
, t
r
igge red i ts tay s tr
igge red.
or so
. c
omp rises a v a r
iab le t ime r
, u s
ing a I
tw as f ound i n the p ro totype t ha t
,
The c ontestant who s cores the best s
tandard u ni
junc tion t ransisto r c i
rcuit i
ns pite o f t he c ontac ts int he g ate l i
ne,
i
n, say ten, tr
ies i
sthe winner. which t r
igge rs t he s i
licon c ont rolled i
f a p ush b ut ton w ere p re ssed j ust
I
f ac ontestant g
ets j
it
tery a nd '
jumps r
ectifie r S CR1 , t urn s i t o n, a nd s o b
efo re t he g reen l i
ght w asd ue t o come
t
he g un', by press
ing his but
ton b efo
re l
i
ght s t he g reen l amp . (No . 3). o
n, t hen t he g reen l ight wou ld b e l i
t
t
he g reen l i
ght has come o n, then his When t he ma in s w
itch S i is moved t o p
rema ture ly , ( at the s ame t ime a s t he
y
ellow l i
ght wil
l st
il
l come o n , b
ut t
he '
Start', c apac ito r C l s tarts t o c harge, y
ellow l ight a ssociated w ith t hat p ush
g
reen l i
ght will s
tay off — a nd so his a
nd when t he v oltage a cro ss i t is b
ut ton). T his i s caused b y as l
ight
e
arly start isexposed. s
ufficient t o fi
re t he U JT 0 1, ap ulse is r
educ tion i n v o
ltage a cro ss t he U JT
s
ent t o t he g ate o f S CR1 , t r
igge r
ing i t c
aused when t he b ut ton i spre ssed . T o
C
IRCU
IT O
PERAT
ION
i
nto t he c onduc t
ing s tate . p
revent t his p rema ture a ction , wh ich i s
Have al ook atthe ci
rcuit inF ig. 2. It After e ach c on te st, t he s w
itch S i i s i
n
itiated o nly b y tho se who ' j
ump t he
c
an b
e t hought o f t wo s eparate mOved t o ' Re se t
'. T his d ischa rge s C l g
un '
, t he v oltage a cro ss t he U JT i s
s
ect
ions. F irst of a l, on t he r i
ght, a
nd , o f c our se, t urns o ff the l amp sa nd s
t
abil
ised b
y means o
f t
he c
apac
itor
b
etween t he pos
itive and negative rails
, t
he r e
lay wh ich h as o pe rated . C
2.
a
re the two push buttons 1a nd 2 ,e ach I
t w ill b e n o ted t ha t
, b etween b ase
i
nseries with are
lay ( which has al amp B1 o f t he U JT a nd t he g a te o f t he
C
ONSTRUCT
ION
i
n p
aral
lel w
ith i
t
) a
nd t
he SCR , t
he re are two pa
ir s o
f Th
is pro
jec
t c an b
e a
ssembled i
nany
'
norma l
ly-closed
' c ontacts on ap a
ir of norma lly -clo sed c on tact s ins erie s
. O ne c
onven
ient c ase. The orig
inal was

6
0 E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
housed in apla
stic box measuring 512"
/ two p air
s o f n o
rma l
ly -closed c ontac ts
, t
he SCR ishe
sitant about t
r
igger
ing.
x4 " x3" deep. t
hen t he d evice may b e r un f rom t he C
are mus
t b e exe
rcised inwir
ing up
A
l
l the component s a
re mounted o n l
owe r v oltage . S ome e xpe riment ing t
he r
e
lay c
ontacts, p
ay c
arefu
l
apiece o
f tagboard asshown i nFig. 3. may b e n eces sary with t he v alue of R 4 a
ttent
ion t
o Fig
. 2a nd Fig
. 3and 4.
T
he r e
lays may b e mounted o n the t
o e nsure t hat e nough v o
ltage i s
s
ame t agboard ( i
f i t is l
onger than p
roduced a cro ss it to t rigge r S CR 1 . C
HECK
ING
s
hown i n Fig
. 3), or on the unde
rside Lamp s u sed mus t
, o f c ourse , be o f a I
f the wiring i sdone c arefully t he
o
f the f
ront panel by m eans o
f as ma
ll v
oltage r at
ing t o s uit t he b at
te ry d
evice s
hould work f
irs
t t
ime.
r
i
ght-ang
le bracke t
. v
oltage s elected . T he U JT c ould b e Howeve r
, i f there i s troub le, t he
The p rototype w a
s d e
signed t o a
ny o f the p opu lar UJT s
. T he original o
peration a nd mutual blocking f ea
ture
o
perate fr om a1 2 v
olt supply — two 6 u
sed a 2 N2646 i n ap last
ic c ase
. A ny o
f the push b uttons and re
lay s should
v
o
lt l antern bat
terie
s b ecause 1 2 vo
lt l
ow v oltage S CR w ith ac urrent r at
ing b
e c hecked fi
r s
t. Ifth
is doe sn't wo rk,
r
e
lays (
S.T
.C.) were a
va
ilab
le. o
f 1 /
2 a mp w ill d o f or S CR1 . O nce c
areful
ly c heck the wiring of t he two
Howeve r
, i fc
onstructo
rs h ave acouple a
gain, a s S CRs v ary , i t may b e r
e
lay s a
gainst Fig
. 2.
o
f m atched 6 v olt re
lays, e ach with n
ecessa ry t o increase the value o f R4 i f T
hen c
heck t
he t
ime
r c
i
rcu
it a
s a
t
n
LAMP 3
TO RE LAYS

F
IG. 3 How t
oconnect c
omponents
.
(
See F
ig
. 4forre
lay c
onnect
ions
).

T
o -y
e t
erm
ina
l
S1 - -----
- o
f BATTERY

T
O R
ELAYS C
.
0
T
o +ye e
rmina
l
o
f BATTERY

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — JULY 1
971
6
1
F
ASTEST F
INGER
I
NTHE WEST P
USH BUTTON I P
USH BUTTON 2

-L
s
epa rate sect
ion . T he m inimum d elay
s
hou ld b e a bout 1 2 s
/ e
cond , a nd t his
c
an b e var
ied b y choo sing ad ifferent
v
alue f or R 2. I n
crea s
ing R 2 increa ses
t
he m inimum d e
lay.
There i tis — a n i nteres
ting p rojec t CONNECTION OF
w
ith w hich y ou can h ave a l o
t of f un. RELAYS
Compa re reactions o f old and y oung ,
male a nd f ema le, ' t
ipsy' a nd s obe r,
s
ma rt a nd n ot so smar t
. M aybe y ou'll
d
iscove rs ome thing! •

TO 8
1
P
ARTS L
I
ST o
f 01
R
1 potentiome ter 5 00K
R
2 r
esisto r %w att 10% 1 0K
6
R
3 r
esisto r %w att 10% 2 20 o hms
TO GATE OF
R
4 r
esisto r 14 w
/ att 10% 4 7 o hms
SCR G
C
l c
apac itor e lec t
rolyt ic 2 0µF 2 5
k
'
s
v
olt
C
2 c
apac itore lec t
rolyt ic 4 0µF 1 6 TO +
ve
t
erm
inal
vo
lt
o
f b
atte
ry HL
2
0
1 unijunc t
ion t ransisto r 2 N2646 or
s
im ilar A
S
CRls i
licon c ont rolled r ectifier 1RC5,
TO COMMON
C103 , C
106Y1 o r s imilar T
ERM INAL C
S
i s
ingle p ole d ouble t hrow s l
ide OF SW
1
switch
R
elays 1a nd 2 l ow v oltage r e
lay with
a
t le
ast t wo p a
ir s o f n orma lly closed
c
ontacts
. I T t
ype 2 40AFO 4 302 V P2
(
430E2)
.
P
i
lot l i
ght s three r equ ired — 1 g reen
a
nd two y e
llow 1 2 v o
lt.
T
erminals , batte ry, case , ma trix b
oard,
w
ire
, and t wo p ush b uttons .
L
AMP 2 R
IG. 4
. —R
elay c
onnect
ion
s.

O
NEH
OUR T
IMER S
i
R
6 2
7E2

V \A A/

0
s
'T
• R
2 T
i
B
C108 UAL
3
0kf
2 (
)N
P
ARTS L
IST
W vv
R
1 — r
e
sis
tor 2
7 o
hm, iw
att
, 1
0%
R
2 - I
I 3
0k I
I I
I I
I S
2
'
OFF
R3 — " 1 .0M R
ELAY
R4 — " 1 .5k •
.
4
70E2
I
I I
I

R5 — " 4 .7k
R6 — " 2 7 o hm
C
l — c
apacitor 2,200 pf
01, 02 — t
rans
istor —B C108 o r s
imi
lar
D1 — d
iode — EM40 1 o r s
imi
lar +
A
l
RL — r
e
lay — 4 70 o
hm c o
il CI
S
i , S
2 — p
u sh button switches i i 2
7SZ
2
,200pF

T
his s
imple time de
lay ci
rcu
it p
rovidestime d
e
lays a
djus
table up t
o ap
e r
iod of one h
our.
I
f as horte
r d e
lay p er
iod isr equ
ired
, Cl, R3 and R 4 m ay b
e decreased in va
lue.
T
he relay is atwo p o
le, c
hange over t
ype w
ith aco
il re
sis
tance o
f approximately 470
o
hms. (This ci
rcuit w
ass ubmit
ted by r
eade
r KR). CONNECT
IONS B
C108
 IN ST R OL PLAYER STANDS
& PERSPEX COVERS

MODEL 45 STAND
W
ITH 415 COVER
MODEL 6
5 S
TAND P
ERSPEX COVERS
An attractively d esigned d e-
luxe s tand wh ich is MODEL 3 15
. S ize 1 4I" x 1 5;" x 3 i" o uts
ide measure ments . T his
c
o mple te w ith hinged p erspex c over. Styl
ing o f s
leek MOULDED c over i n g rey t inted p erspex i s for u se w ith t he
t
he stand i ncludes r aised s ide p anels (21" a bove mode l 3 5 stand a nd a ny r ecord p layer. C o mplete w ith a ttractive
p
layer p anel) a nd a r a
ised r ear p anel (11" a bove perspex k nob.
p
layer p anel). T
he g rey t inted p erspex c over MODEL 3 25. S ize 1 4}" x 1 5}" x 4 1" o utside measure ments . A
f
eatures a p erspex k nob a nd measures ( i
nternal) f
ab r
icated g rey-tinted c over, i deal for record c hangers i n conjunc tion
16i" x 1 3i" x 4 1". B elow s helf c
learance i s 3"
. w
ith mode l 3 5 s tand. Comp le te w
ith a t
trac tive p erspex k nob.
Maple/ Wa lnut s tand $24.00 MODEL 4 15. S ize 1 71" x 1 41" x 3 i" o utside measure ments . T h
is
Teak s tand $28.00 a
ttractive MOULDED g rey-tinted c over i s f or u se w i
th t he mode l 4 5
s
tand a nd a ny r ecord p layer . Comp lete w ith s leek p erspex k nob.
MODEL 4 25. S ize 1 7}" x 1 4i" x 4 i" o uts
ide measure ments . A
f
abricated g rey-tinted c over, i deal for changer mode ls i n conjunct ion
w
i th o ur No. 4 5 stand . C omp lete with a ttractive p erspex k nob.
Mode l 3 15 $9
.50 Mode l 4 15 $
10 .50
Mode l 3 25 $
10 .50 Mode l 4 25 . $
11 .50
(
Extra f or s e
t o f stay -up type h inges 80c)

COMBINED AMP/
PLAYER C
ABINET
This mode l 7 5 c abinet c o mbines a
p
layer s tand, a t
trac tive t inted p ers
-
pex c over a nd amp l
ifier cab inet ( 41"
x 1 7}"). P erspex c over c o mes c om-
p
le te w ith a t
tractive .p erspex k nob
and a p a
ir o f stay -up t ype h inges.
Cover measures 1 6i" x 1 4i" x 4 1"
i
nside d i mensions. T he c abine t co mes MODEL 3
5 STAND
as a n e asy-to-asse mb le kit o f p arts
, W
ITH 325 COVER
both s aving y ou money a nd f aci
litat
-
i
ng t ranspor t
. ( Player p ane l c ut t o P
LAYER S
TANDS
t
e mp late i s $1.00 e xtra)
. MODEL 3 5 S TAND . Size 141" x 1 5j
1" x 3 1
-" .
Comp lete w ith mason ite b ase, r ubber l egs,
K
it o
f p
arts i
n Map
le $
26.50
f
ully v eneered o n a l
l s ur faces. Features
K
it o
f p
arts i
n T
eak $
30.00 a
ttractive s ide p anels r a
ised b y i t" fro m
MODEL 7
5
p
layer p anel.
COMB
' S
TAND Walnut o r Map le $9.00
Teak ;11.00
P
ACK
ING AND REG
ISTERED POSTAGE MODEL 4 5 S TAND . Size 17i" x 1 4i" x 3 1" .
Co mplete with s pecial black s urround o n the
MODEL N
.S.W
. V
IC.
, QLD
. TAS
., N
.T.
, S
.A.
, N
.G. W
.A. base, p lus a masomte s afety b ase
. F ul
ly
1
.90 2
.40 2
.70 veneered o n a l
l surfaces. Sweep ing n ew o ver-
P
layer s
tand 1
.80
1
.80 1
.90 2
.40 2
.70 seas styling
.
P
erspex cove
r
2
.95 3
.95 4
.50 Walnut $10.00
Model 75 ki
t 2
.70
3
.95 5
.15 5
.90 Teak $12.00
No
. 6 5 S
tand 3
.50
(
Prices i nc
lude c utting to s uit te mplate)

IN S T R O L
P
lease send me t
he f
ol
low
ing p
layer s
tands a
nd/or
p
erspex covers_

a
t $ + p
ost $

a
t $ + p
ost $

1
1
-
F
1 &E
L
CTR
ONI
CSC
E
NT
RE
a
t $ + p
ost $

Ie
nclose my money o
rder/cheque f
or $

NA ME
9
1A Y
ORK S
T
.,(
b
etw
een K
i
ng & M
arke
t S
t
s.)
, ADDRESS

S
YDNEY
, N
.
S.W
. 2
000
. P
h
one 2
9 4
258 PCode
7
17
 S
oph
ist
ica
ted
Ame
rican e
l
ec
tro
nic
s T OD

T
HE NAME F ishe r i s f am il ia r t o "
A fi
ne mus
ical in
st
rumen t"
h
i-fi e nthus ias ts i n Amer ica , b ut

p
r
odu
ctt
e
s
t
—th
at'
s how ourt e
ste
rs
f
ew Aus tralians h ave h eard o f i t
.
s
um up t
he U.
S. made
The c ompany 's p roduct r ange i sb ased
F
i
sher XP
-9C speaker sy
stem
.
p
rinc ipa l
ly on s oph isticated t uner
amp lifier s, s t
raight amp lifie rs, a nd
h
igh -qua lity s peaker s ystems .
The s ub ject o f t his t est —t he F i she r
XP-9C s peaker s ystem — i s a l i
ttle
u
nusua l i n t hat i t is t he f irst s ma ll
speake r s ystem we h ave s een f r om
Ame rica t hat i nco rporate s a 1 5"
speake r.
Ove r t he p ast f ew months we h ave
t
ested a number of systems
i
nco rporat ing 1
5" s
peaker s, and
gene rally o nly t he mo st e xpens ive
unit s h ave p rov ided a p erformance
wo r thy o f t he c l aims made f or t he
bene fits wh ich s uch a n i nclus ion c an ;1
,,
-l
's
i•;:
i •
..
1 ;ir•
:.;•;.4. I
. J 1
%/;i; ',
1
;
;;;)
, ,iho
l. %
•,
" ', ;
prov ide . h
;
,
.
1 .:
,
,;.:;‘
,;!;";'
.;';!;!;!;!;!; f; ?;!; • '
;;
The re are n
umerous p
rob lems
a
s soc iated w ith p lac ing a 1 5" d iamete r V
% '
•' : f
; ' ;
';f;
'.;
!;!
,!;'
.
;';!
;!;!
;!;! .
;
:;!
-;:
i,•-,•-• .
0, ...
. I. 1 • 1 • , •• • 1 • 0. 1 • 1 • 1• ) • • • .
.;•;.,, • . , -1 • l • .1 •7•1 •,•0 " • '..
,•• •• •
. .:
s
peake r i n a modes t-sized e nc lo sure . . • 4 • , •;
P. I- /- • - f- / • • • 1 • 1• 1• 1 •1 • 1• 1• 1 • • • • • • • . • P • .
.7 . 1 .
. , T- 0 • 1 . 4 . : D• 1 D. I . , 1..'1 . 1 • 1 ' .• . * :X
Wh ils t w e h ave a lways b elieved t hat a .
1; 1 • ; : ;.! ; !; f
. D 1 .
;f.
• !
i ;!
; f;
!;!; !
;!;
!;.
! 1•
v
en ted e nclosure wou ld p rov ide a . ,.,..•,.,•,•J• • • 1• / . • • 1• • • • • •
/• . • . . . .:

s
upe r
io r p er fo rmance when a l a
rger ••
• • • rs , • e
••1
;•/•/ /
-
s/•/ 1. 1 • • • ,• . . . • • • '7 .
.. • - • • •- •• 0 . i . • 0- 0 • 1• 1 • 0 1• • • • • ! ; !.
.; %!
s
peake r i su sed , t he p as t y ea r h as s een •• • • • •
•• ,
•
•• • • .
1• • • •• •• •
• - •• •• 1• • • I
•- / • /• 1. 1 • . • ,
•• •• • - / •
. ., !,. . .•
1• • • j. .i. .
,
...

many o f t he l ead ing d esigne rs i n

•• r
• •- • • • •. . • p. -• • • D. 0 •- I . .. . . ,
Ame rica a nd J apan r eleas ing s ealed
-

•... •. 1 . . .
. 1 1• . • 1 •• /. 1 I I .• , .; ! , : D .

enclo sures wh ich a re c laimed t o b e I.

s
r ,
•
V. d • e
r I
I
.1
1• 4 . . /
1• 1- I• •
1• 4 • 1 • 7 • , - ,
i •I •e• , 1 ;
f,
' . ;. ,
,, ,, ,.
.
,.

,
,. ,.,„;
s
upe r
io r t o t he ir v ented c ounterpa rt s.
I t f f f I l f• 1, 1 1. f• I f f
,
., , - ,
•• 1 .
- 1• •• ;• ; ; 1
• , ', ,
.,.,.• '
. ,
•, , • f f• I. , 1 f• 1 I I f . f. , , ,, ,
Gene ral ly w e h ave n ot f ound t hese .. •
•
.. s
l e o
•
r
P
e
f f• I
t I l
f
f
f• I
,
f
f ,• •
'. ;. „, ,..
, ,. . - 1.•

c
laims t o b e j u s
tif ied — a nd we h ave • '
- r. • - , r
". •
•• •
I /
l f f
, /
l f
i t / 1
,. , , , ,
i
,
.,, ,.
, .. , .

. .. , t f p f f f• f ,, , ,
' , , ,• 4 U
wonde red when w e wou ld , i n f a ct, ' ' "
.. '' ' •
,•,'; ',';', , , ' ',!,':
f
ind a s ealed speake r s
ys tem ,
'.. : ,'. '-
.
.: ,',';'•. ,
P• 1 . ,
, , ; 0
P. ,
-
f• f r. ,
. f• f ; !
, ,,
f , f.
,p;
, -, ,, ' .
.
, ,
.
.,•;.;,,
i
n co rporat ing a 1 5" s peaker whose .
-• ' " '
-'- '.'. '
, , t
.t. , " ,',!,..

o
ve rall p erfo rmance i ss uper ior t o t he , . r %
;
,- ,
.
',',',...•;';', .',!,. t; '
, ' ,!, '
.. t
;
,
',..;•.,,,•,'• , ;
',' .,
',"i "
, ;',', '
o
the r s ystems o n t he ma rket . A , . ',',•,'..
., ,;!,',!,', r ,
The F isher XP -9C i s t echn ica l ly -
'''
' ' ' ' .';', • ,, ,, t; o; , ;
' ',..',
. • ,
,!, ; , . , .
s
im ila r t o many o f t he o ther s ys tems ° O
.' , • ' .. ' ', , I Y , O . ' . '

we h ave t ested ; b ut — a l
though w e s till ' V ' I r. . • ' ' ' ' I '' ' • ' ' ' I' '

c
ons ider t hat t he 1 5" s peake r h as b een ,, , , •. ' . • , , , , , , • • • , , ,

i
ncluded p ure ly a s as ale s g imm ick ( in .
. , , • . ' ..
. , ' , .1 , • . ., ..
.. .

the sa me way as the

e
te rna lly -pub lished " bigger a nd b et te r , , • • r-, ', , , ,, .

e
ng ine s" i
n Amer ican cars), t
he •

s
ys tem 's p er fo rmance h as n ot s uf fe red .

D
ESCR
IPT
ION O
F S
YSTEM
r•
Th
is enclosure iss l
ightly l
arger than
o
ther c ompact s peaker systems w e
h
ave tested
, measur ing 2712 " h
/ igh x
1
61/" w
2 ide x 1 3" d eep
. T he 1 5"
s
peake
r h as the flanges on b oth si
des
t
r
i mmed t o fac
ilitate mount ing . Th
is
s
peaker has a 21
/" d
2 iameter voice coi
l
a
nd a 1 0 l
b
. magnet a ssembly

6
4 ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
T
he F
ishe
r s
peake
r e
nclosure may b
e u
sed v
ert
ica
lly a
s s
ho wn l
eft
, o
r h
orizonta
lly a
s s
ho wn a
bove
.

M
EASURED R
ESULTS F
OR F
ISHER X
P-9C S YSTEM S
PEAKER S iN F6
5807
F
requency r
e
sponse o
n a
xis
, measured u
nde
r a
necho
ic c
ond
itions 5
0Hz t
o 2
0kHz ± 6
dB
9
8dB a
t 5
0 cm
. o
n axis
P
owe r sens
itiv
ity a
t l
kHz and 1w
att i
nput
:
6
0 Watts
P
eak p ower hand
ling c
apac
ity
:
2
712 "x 1
/ 61
4 "x 1
/ 3"
D
i mensions:
5
51b
.
Weight
:
8
493 inc
luding t
ax.
P
rice (e
ach):

f
rom a
ny e
nclo
sure c
ost
ing u
nder
The d i
fference between t h
is system
p
rov
iding a f r
ee air resonance o f 10 8
500 .
a
nd others of the same b as
ic type isin
H
z. T he f
ree ai
r resonance f requency T
he e nclosure is c onst ructed f rom
t
he s moothne ss of the response, for,
i
s
, however, on
ly of academ ic interes
t, /" t
4
1 hick w a
lnut-venee red p art
icle
c
rossovers apart
, th
is speake r p
roduce s
b
ecause the mounted r esonance i s b
oa rd. T he b ack o f t he c abinet i s
t
he s moothest and fl
attest re
sponse w e
d
etermined b y the enclosure v o
lume . e
poxy - f
illed
, s
ea
led and po
lished,
Be
tween 5 00Hz a nd 1 200Hz t he h
ave y et s
een from af our-way s ys
tem .
whi
le t he i n
side o f the e nclosure i s
Th
is s mooth r e
sponse i st he re
sult of
m
id-range output isp rovided b y t wo f
i
lled w
ith a special low-density
t
he match ing o f sens
itiv
ities of t he
c
onventional 5 " s peakers
, mounted f
ibreglas s blanket c a
lled A coustig
la s
.
t
ogether a
t the opposite end f r
om t he r
espective el
ement s
, b oth for t
he range
We a re u nable to r ate t he me r
its of
o
f f
requencies a
nd f
or a
bsolute
1
5" woo
fer
. a
cous tiglas compa red w ith o the r in
fil
l
A 21/" diame
ter t
weete
r w
ith a
coust
ical sens
itivity.
2
but b
el
ieve t
hat a l ow-density
As c an b e s een f rom t he leve
l
h
em ispherical d
iaphragm provides the f
ibreglas s i
nfi
ll of th
is t ype i ssuperior
r
ecord
ing , t
he o utput is±6dB from 50
o
utput b etween 1 200Hz a nd 5 kHz, t
o t
he bonded ace tate l
i
nings
wh
ilst a s upe
r-tweete
r p rovides the t
o 20kHz . This isu ndoubted
ly o ne o
f
p
rev iously u sed — a nd w e have u sed
o
utput f rom 5 kHz to beyond 2 3kHz. t
he flattes
t r espon ses we have seen
6
5
ELECT R O NI CS TO D A Y —J UL Y 1
971
 c
omponent s above 5kHz are extremely
S
oph
ist
ica
ted d
irec
tiona
l, t
he ove
ral
l d i
rectiv
ity

Ame
rican p
er
ma
fo
te
r
rmance o
ia
l ises
sent
n n
ia
l
orma
ly w
l p
ith
rog
in t
ram me
he 120 0
a
ngle o
f s
ound d isper
sion cla
imed .

We p layed a n umbe r of p iece s of

music f
rom o
ur s
tanda rd t
e
st
r
epe rto
ire a nd f ound t he p erfo rmance
s
upe rior t o mo s t othe r s peake rs w e
h
ave t ested. T he sound i scleane r, with
a
n a
ppa rently l
owe r d
eg ree o
f
d
istortion a nd v ariation i n r esponse
l
evel t han w e h ave b ecome u sed t o
h
ea r
ing. T his may n ot be l iked b y
e
veryone who h ea rs these speake r s f
or
t
he f i
rst time b ut w ill b e app recia ted
a
lmo st a
utoma tically b
y people
a
ccus tomed t
o l
i
s tening t
h rough
h
igh-qua l
ity h eadphone s.

The b as
s r esponse i s conventiona l,
a
nd w e could n ot subject
ively pick t he
d
iffe rence b etween t he 1 5" s peake rs
u
sed i n t he XP -9C a nd t he 1 2"
s
peake rs i
n our s
tudio c
ont rol
mon itors. We mus t note, howeve r
, tha t
t
here w as a bsolutely n o t race o f
f
requency doubling o
r a
ppa rent
F
isher XP 9C s
peaker e
nclosure w
ith g
ril
le r
e moved
.
s
peake r b
reak -up o n passages which w e
p
layed a t levels a bove 5 0 watts p eak
p
owe r.

The X P-9C i s o ne o f t he f i
ne s
t
s
uch an a
pproach i
n o ur own L
ISTEN
ING T
EST mode ra tely-p r
iced s peaker systems w e
l
aboratory s peaker enclosure f or s
o me h
ave h ad t he p leasure to li
sten to. The
t
ime. T
he mo st exacting tes
t o f aspeaker i
s d
e s
igne r s h ave e xcelled themse lves i n
T
he speaker g r
il
le isc overed w ith an s
ubjective l i
s
ten ing — a nd this i
s where d
eve loping s peake rs that p roduce s o
unobtrusive woven, gold-coloured t
he F i
sher XP -9C r eal
ly s how s the smoo th a f requency l inearity. T he
c
loth. Wh ilst t his may s uit so me r
esults o
f t he s moo th f requency o
ve ral
l comb ination o
f s
peake rs
,
b
uye rs
, i t i s b
ecom ing a pparent that r
esponse . c
ros sove r n etwo rks a nd c abine t has
s
peaker manufac turers could w e
ll o
ffer T
he re i s a r ema rkable l a
ck o f r
esulted i n ac omb ination w h
ich c an
t
he public t he option ofv arious shades c
olouration , a nd t he h igh frequency o
nly b e c ompa red t o af ine mus ical
o
f gr
il
le c l
oth . r
esponse i
s s upe
rb. Wh
ilst t hose i
nstrument .

8
.6•
1 4 K
i or 8
,41 Km, 1,6
4
1A 1
,
co. 8
646 1 R
ie
s.
I
0 — • . ,
_ . I UU I g_• U a 1 •_ I • _L
s
_ • I U I • • _
I I _
•
__ v k
_

d
b a
F I _
_
R
ES PONSE O F __
_i__
OfI S
HFR XP-9C . _
S
PE AKEI
1 _ _ —
t— _ __
.
T
ES TED UNDER t _
A
NE CHOIC__ _
__ _
.
C
O1 I
DI TI
ONS- , ,
. _ .
6 .
s 3
0 1
5
1
id
i3p er division -
,
- .
_i _
__ _ _ . __ _
- --
- . __
_ .
_ f
r I _
,
.
. .
__
1
2
0-10 -I
- 1
-1- 1
-
- - I I
No
. .
1 -

3
1/5/7
1 '
,
_
-
-
,
,i
5
4
26
R
.M.S
. _ .
__ I _
t
_ 4
_
r '
2
- 2
sm ,
.
- 1
0 5
LL i
c
.
: 3
15 ,
_
1
--
-
_
, t
- I
t
- -4 -
1- 4
-

, f- _ +•,
0-
4
1 p
l
y C
m, S
te
le 1
m. 1 _ 0 .
. - _ -
7
00 WOO 2
020 2
C00 1
0020 2
0000 c
m 4000 A I C UR
.

OP 1 21 A I C l
as

6
6 E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
DRAKE MODEL S
PR-4
CO M MUN
ICAT
IONS RECE
IVER
A
l
l S olid State. D rake e ng
ineer ing a nd t he recent d evel-
o
p ment o f the d ual gate FET make p oss
ible the f i
rst n o
c
o mp ro m
ise s o
lid state receiver. Un like r ece
ivers w ith
b
ipolar t rans
is tors which h ave p oor c ross- modulation ,
i
nter- modulat
ion . AGC , a nd o verload p erformance ; t he
SPR-4 h as s ignal hand l
ing c apab i
lit
ies s uperior t o t he
best tube receivers. In addit
ion , the S PR-4 h as al
l of t he
a
dvantages o f a s ol
id-state d es
ign s uch a s l ow p ower
c
onsu mp tion, mechan ical a nd t herma l s tabi
lity
, r e
lia-
b
i
lity
, e
tc
.

S
PEC
IFICAT
IONS •
•

F
requency Coverage: Can be progra m med w
ith accessory c
rysta
ls for 2
3 ranges (
each t
uning a 5
00 kHz band) f
ro m .
5 t
o 30 MHz plus 1
50
t
o 500 kHz. C
rystals suppl
ied w ith the rece
iver alijw coverage on these ranges
: 150-500 k
Hz, 5
-1.0 MHz. 1.0
-1.5 MHz, 6
.0-6
.5 MHz ,
7
.0-7
.5 MHz , 9.5-10 MHz , 1 1
.5-12 MHz , 15-15.5 MHz , 1 7
.5-18 MHz , 21.5-22 MHz.
Modes o f Operation : AM, CW , SSB ( upper a nd l ower)
.
S
electiv
ity: AM -4 .8 kHz at 6 dB , 1 0 kHz a t 6 0 dB.
SSB -2 .4 kHz at 6 dB , 7.2 kHz a t 60 dB .
CW -0 .4 kHz at 6 dB , 2.7 kHz a t 6 0 dB.
I
nter mediate Frequenc ies
: 1 st IF 5645 kHz f our pole c rysta
l la
ttice fi
lter
, 2nd IF 50 kHz f
our po
le h
i-Q Ferrite LC fi
lter
.
F
requency S tabi
lity: At roo m te mperature
, d r
i ft f
or all c auses (i
nclud
ing p lus o
r minus 10% change i
n s
upp ly voltage
) is l
ess t
han p
lus
o
r m inus 1 00 H z
.
Sens it
ivity: SSB a nd CW : .25 microvo lt gives 1 0 dB S p lus N/ N, AM : . 5 microvolt w ith 30 % Mod g ives 1 0 dB S /N.
Auto mat ic Volu me Contro l: AVC is used o n AM , CW , a nd SSB . T
i me constants are s elected for the opt
i mu m efectiveness o
n e
ach mode
.
Aud io o utput is he
ld c ons tant t
o 3 dB o ver a 1 00 dB r ange o f input signa ls
.
I
nput Impedance : 50 o h ms approxi mately ( higher i mpedance 1 50 kHz t o 1 530 k Hz)
.
Output P ower: 3 wat ts into 4 ohm l oad ( l
ess i nto higher i mpedance l oads )
.
Pawer Consu mp t
ion: 18 wat ts on 2 40 VAC o r 51 wat ts o n 12 VDC , 2 wat ts o n 12 VDC d ia
l light of
f.
Cal,bration : Dial is accurate to better t han p lus o r minus 1 k Hz when c a
librated a t n earest 100 kHz c a
libra
tion p o
int.
Hu m a nd No ise
: More t han 6 0 dB b e
low r ated o utput.
Size a nd We ight: SI in. H x 1 01 in. W x 1 21 in
. D . We
ight: 1 8 lb
.
$520 E x Stock plus S a
les Tax.

A
ccesso
ries i
nc
lude p
lug
-in c
rys
tal c
a
lib
rator
, p
lug
-in n
oise b
lanker
, l
oop a
ntenna
, e
tc
.

A
lso a
vai
lab
le o
the
r f
amous D
RAKE Receive
rs and T
ransce
ive
rs, i
n
clud
ing SW4A
,
R4B
, T R4, et
c.

EL M E A S C O IN ST R U M E NT S PT Y
. LT D
.
P
.O. B
ox 3
34, Brookvale
, NSW a
nd P
.O. B
ox 14, S
t
. Ki
lda Sou
th, V
icto
ria
T
el.
: S ydney 9
3 7
944 — Me
lbourne 88 6
159

* OFFICE AUTOMAT ION: A dd

ing
P
UNCHED
D
ATALOGGER
Machines ; Typew r
iters
; A
c-
count
ing Machines; C
ash
R
* I
eg
n
is
ter
ters.
faced t o al
l c ompu ters
.
TAPE F
INDS
T
he P ACE D ATALOGGER i s as el
f-contained c om -
p
ac
u
t d
p t
a
o 1
ta-
logg
00 si
ing s
gnal i
yste m
nputs
, c
, d es
apable o
igned t
f a
o s a
ccep
t
is
ting
fy the
* D
* A
ata c
uto ma
o m mun
tic c
icat
ontro
ions
l o
.
f machinery.
E
VER WIDER
n
eeds o
t
ions a
f t
t m
he ma
in
jor
i mu m c
ity o
ost.
f d a
ta-logg
ing a ppl
ica - * Output f
* Type s et
ro m D
t
ing.
ataloggers.
U
SE
DATALOGGER 'S i nput f ac
ilities a re designed f or
u
se w ith Thermocoup les , Strain G auges, Pressure
T
ransducers , Resis tance T
hermo me ters a
nd
FAC
IT t
ape p
unch
o
ther s imi
lar t r
ansduc ing e le ments emp loyed f or
monitoring p ara me ters t hroughout r esearch a nd
i
ndus
try
.
Typical of t he many I
ndustr
ial and r
esearch app
li-
cat
ions a re
:
Biologica
l Stud ies Oceanography
Che mical Ana lys
is P
lant Des ign $
1185
.00
Engine Test ing Steel Processing
Metallurgy Structura
l Des ign _ E
X-STOCK
Metrology Tribology

E
LECTRON
IC ASSOC
IATES PTY
. L
TD.
4
8 A
t
ch
iso
n S
t
r
eet
, S
t
. L
e
on
ard
s, N
e
w S
o
ut
h W
a
les 2
0
65 A
u
st
ra
li
a. T
e
l
e: 4
3
975
22 (
4li
n
es
). C
a
b
le: P
A
CEA
US, S
y
dne
y

6
7
ELECTR ON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
911
 DRAKE
'S
F
irs
t A ustra
lian t
es
t o
f
t
he Drake R-4B and
S
PR-4 c ommun icat
ion
r
ece
ivers.

• "M
a/M
IRS
IMP
ranar
... ,

e
l
ec
tro
n
ics
,
R
. L. Drake Company i
swe
ll known b
andw
idth tuner. Th
is i
sca
librated in
a
nd respected a
nd the
ir r
eputat
ion
1kHz b
ut div
isions c
an b
e accurate
ly
s
t
ands h
igh. r
e
ad t
o 250 Hz
.
T
he t wo r e
ceivers t e
sted w ere an
T
he l ower sect
ion of t he front panel
R
-46 , ahybr
id valve/
transistor rece
iver
s
coop t
e
st i
ntended primarily f or a mateur u se
;
h
a
c
s c
rysta
ont
l
ro
c
ls f
ont
o
ro
r s
l
led
e
lecting a
a
ny o
mateur b
f f
and
i
ve
s
,
a
nd t
he n
ewe r S
PR-4, a f u
lly 3
.5-4, 7 .0-7.5, 1 4.0
-14 .5
, 2 1
.0 -21.5
t
r
ansistor
ised r e
ceiver intended b oth
a
nd 2 8.5-29.0 MHz ( for w h
ich c rysta
ls
f
or commun ication a nd a mateur use.
a
re s uppl
ied )
, a nd a c ontrol f or
h
e l a
rgest a
nd mo st energet
ic s
e
lec t
ing t en a ddit
ional b ut o ptional
f
raternity o s i
f amateur n the THE R
-4B c
rysta
ls f or 5 00 k Hz range s between
world i s t
hat of the U n
ited The R-46 w as t
he fi
r st r
eceive rof the 1
.5 a
nd 30 MHz (
excep
t b
etween 5
.0
S
tate s
. two that w e p ut th
rough t he h oops
. I t a
nd 6
.0 MHz
).
There, amateur s en
joy g
rea ter i
s a c ompac t double-conve rs
ion O
the r cont rols are a p reselector, an
f
reedom t han e lsewhere a nd h ave t he
r
eceiver w ith a h ost o f o perat
iona l RF g a
in, variab le notch f i
lter, a mode
a
bil
ity t o b uy s ome o f t he best r adio f
eatures c a
lcu lated to p l
ease t he mo st s
elec tor (f
or AVC o ff
, f a
st AVC , s l
ow
e
quipment manufactured i nt he wo rld . soph i sticated amateur (or AVC , S SB/C W , a nd AM ) a n R F gain
Regretab ly, mo st of this equipment i s p
rofess
iona l). c
ont rol and AF g ain c ontrol.
not readily a va
ilab le in Austral
ia a st he T
he f ront pane l i
sd ivided b y ab o
ld Ac ontrol o n t he side of the receiver
marke t iss mall, and the p r
ices are h igh two colour t reatment i n
to t wo areas, e
nab les f
i
xed f
requency c
rystal
d
ue t o n on
-p referential d uty and h igh t
he u ppe r b e
ing l ight g rey a nd the o
pe ration t o b e selected. A lso on t he
t
axe s
. l
owe rdark g rey. s
ide i san S me ter zero a djustment , a
T
he l i
ttle equipment t hat isimpor ted The u pper a rea c ontains a l a
rge n
o tch f i
lte
r a d
jus tmen t
, a nd a p hone
i
su sually s o
ld o n indent o r b
efore i tis i
l uminated S me ter
, af unc t
ion k nob j
a
ck .
e
ven l anded a nd s o iss e
ldom a vailab le for o ff/standby/on/external On the r ear of the r e
ce iver
, s ocke t
s
f
or t esting. F ortunately , t wo D rake mute/no ise b
lanker/calibrate, a a
re p rovided f or a cce ssory p owe r
c
ommun ications r
eceivers became p
assband s e
lector l e
ver f or 0.4, 1 .2
, output. T here i s a l
so a n i nject
ion
a
vai
lab le f o
r r eview j ust before w e 2
.4 a nd 4 .8 k Hz b andw idths a nd a s
ocke t f or t ransceiver o peration, a
went t o p ress a nd a l
though w e w ere c
oncentric k nob f or uppe r and l ower mute j ack f or transmitte r c ontrol
led
s
hor t time we d ecided t hat i tw as a n s
ideband. A p recision geared d r
ive o n o
pe ra
tion , an A nt
i-Vox s ocket f or use
o
ppo rtun ity n ot t o be w asted, for t he t
he ri
ght-hand s i
de c ontrols a5 00 k Hz w
ith t
ransmitters whereby vo
ice

6
8 ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
 PROGRESS
t
r
ansm iss
ion c an b
e i
nh
ibited , a
s
peaker o utput f or i mpedance s down
t
o 4o hm , and a n R CA c oax ial type
a
ntenna c onnecto r.
The in
ternal circuitry o f the R -4B i s
both u nusual and p ractical. T he
r
eceiver uses t
en v a
lve s
, t en transistors
,
a
nd s eventeen d iode s. T here a re al
so
two J K fl
ip-f
lop i ntegrated c ircuits in
t
he d ouble b ina ry d i
vision o f the
f
requency c a
libra to r
.

I
NPUT S
TAGE
The i
nput s tage c onsists o f a
p
ermeab il
ity -tuned t r
ansfo rme r, tuned
p
re-selecto r
, a
nd a
ssociated RF
amplifier. T his i s fol
lowed b y a
t
rans istor ized p
ermeab i
lity -
tuned
V
.F.O . ( v
ariab le f requency o scil
la tor)
acry stal c ont ro lled o sc
illator, a nd a
p
re-m ixe rv a
lve .
T
he v ar
iab le f requency o scillator i s
t
unab le f rom 4 955 k Hz t o 5 455 k Hz
whi
ls t the c rys tal frequency i sse
lec ted
s
o t hat t he d ifference o btained b y
h
ete rodyn ing t he o u
tput o f the V.F .O.
w
ill a lways b e 5 645 k Hz h ighe r in
f
requency t han t he d es
ired s ignal
f
r
equency.
The fi
rst m ixer isc oupled through
t
he p
ermeab ility
-tuned p
re
-mixe r
o
utput coi
ls a nd i shete
rodyned w ith
t
he A F a mplif
ier t o p rov
ide t he
p
ermeab i
lity-tuned T n otch f i
lte
r t o When i n either t he SSB o r CW
d
if
ference f requency o f 5 645 k Hz
t
he fi
rst IF a mpl
ifier. The I F ampl
ifier p
o s
itions, the beat frequency oscil
lator
wh
ich isp as
sed t hrough acrystal f
i
lter
h
as a n I F t uner i ncorpo rat
ing f our i
sa ctiwated. T his produces a5 0 k Hz
t
ot he second m ixer.
h
igh Q , L C c i
rcuits w h
ich u ti
lise s
i
gna l w hich i sa pplied to ap roduct
The s econd m ixer control a
nd screen
g
auged p ermeab il
ity-tun ing t o obtain c
etec tor and h eterodyne s w
ith t he 50
g
r
ids a r
e c onnected a s aP ie
rce t ype
f
our bandw idths o f 0 .4
, 1 .2, 2
.4 a nd kHz s i
gnal from t he s e
cond IF o utput
o
scillator which iscrysta
l cont
rolled to
4
.8 kHz a tthe 6dB p oint s
. s
tage. W ith t he r eceiver i
n t he AM
o
pe rate a t 5 595 k Hz, the resu
lting
T
he s e
cond I F a mplif
ier i sfo
llowed mode t he b ea
t f requency o sc
illator is
o
u tput i sthen t h
e 5 0 kHz d
ifference
by afixed tuned t r
ansfo rme r s
tage and o
ff a nd a n AM d etec tor a
nd a mplif
ier
f
requency .
t
he detection ci
rcuits. i
sa ct
ivated.
The 5 0 k Hz o utput i s f ed v i
a

ABOVE :
Underside v
iew ofthe
R
-4B s ho ws e
xce
llent
a
ccess
ib i
lity o
fall
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c
o mponent s
.
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 = = = =6 A 0 0 0

1 = = = = = = = =l
i t
i l t e
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 . 0 0 0 0
4 0.0 : 0 0. 0.6 0 .11\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 A-
0 0 . 0 .0 . 0. 0 .0. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 01
. 0 0 0 • 0 0

i iii
I: =.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = = = = =" 6

O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

* = ==:*
.........:
LEFT :
Drake R-4B receiver
—t he s
peaker to the
l
eftof the r
eceiver is
s
tandard equip ment.

6
9
 DRAKE
'S PROGRESS

NO
ISE B
LANKER
V
I V2 V
3 IV
9 I
2BA6 V
IO 1
2AX7A
6
526 6
HS6 1
28E6
5
0 KC NO
ISE PULSE
5645 KC S
HUNT
5
0 KC AMP S
EP. S
HAPER
XTAL LATT ICE GATE
I AMP I PASSBAND
FILTER COIL TUNER
50 KC
5
595 KC T NOTCH V
4
• XTAL F
ILTER I
2BA6

'
•
-
•To T-4 o
r
S METER S
ELEC- PASSBAND
T-4X Transm
itter
NOTCH T
IVITY TONING
P
RE-
S
ELECTOR A
VC
PREAID UR Q
4 V
5
2
N3877
COUPLING
CO
ILS 0 AVC
RF GAIN AMP/
RECT
V
7
2
-IN2 7
0

5
0 KC
I
F
4
.955 • 5
.455 Mc
I
CI 923 TRANS
2
I
C2 9
23 1
534
Q
8 TIS34 MAIN
Q
9 2N3394 TUNING

R
-4B
Q
10 1
.
5-3
.0 • •2
8
.5
VFO
B
AND cO
l 2N3877 '
21.0
DRIVE
IND
. 7
.
0 1
4
.0

The a
utomat ic v
olume c
ont rol p
e rmeab il
ity-tuning but h
as been which t
hey cl
aim h ave i
mproved c
ross
system u se s t wo t ransistor s t o p rovide de s
igned w ith a d ifferent e nd u ser in modulat
ion, i
ntermodu
lat
ion, a
nd
a f ast a ctuat ing c ircuit w ith a t ime mind .
AGC p erformance. We f ound their
cons tant o
f a
pprox imate ly 2
5 F
irst
ly , iti sall solid -state from t he c
la
im to be j
ust
ified.
milliseconds a nd a s low a ctuat ing new d ual gate MOS F ET s ( f
ie
ld e ffect
c
ircu it w ith a t ime c onstant o f The circu
itry make s clever u se o f
t
r ansistors) t
o t
he audio o utput MOS F ETs t o d upl
icate t he g r
id
app rox imate ly 7 50 m ill
iseconds . t
r ansistors
. S econd ly, i th as t
he a b
ility c
ontrol performance and i mpedance s
The o utput o f t he s econd m ixe r i s t
o t une f rom 1 50 k Hz t o 30 MHz
o
f va
lves
. Wh i
lst along t
a
il pair isused
a
lso c oup led i nto a n effect ive n o
ise (depend ing o n t he c rystals selected )
f
or the fi
rst mixer
, the othe r mixers
b
l anke r c ircuit wh ich when a ctuated f
or mar ine , general p urpo se a mateur o r
a
nd I F a mpl
ifie
rs are al
l d ual gate
by an oise p ulse, s ignificant ly a bove commun ication wo rk . T h
irdly, i t i s F
ET s
.
t
he r eceived s i
gna l l e
vel, s hunt s t he d
e signed f or mains o r b at tery powe red
output o f t he f i
rst I F amp l
ifie r t o The ma jo r d i
f ference b etween t his
operation a nd o n 1 2VDC o nly need s 2 r
eceive r a nd t he R -4B i s the a udio
g
round wh ilst t he l evel o f t he n o
ise wat t
s o f p owe r ( when t he dia
l l i
ght s amp l
ifie r w h
ich u ses 7t r
ansis to rs i n a
pu lse i s ma intained . a
re s witched o ff
).
'
s
ing le e nded ' p ush-pu ll c ircu it. T he
To p
rov ide a
ccurate f
requency The t wo c olour t reatment o n t he
main r ece ive r u ses 2 8 t ransis tors a nd
c
a lib ration o n e ach r evolut ion o f t he f
ront p anel of the S PR -4 i ssimilar t o
2
1 d
iode s, an additiona l two
m ain d ial t he 1 00 k Hz s i
gna l isd ivided t
hat o f the R-4B.
t
ran s
isto rs a nd 2 d iode s a re u sed t o
by t he t wo m icro -
log ic 9 23 J K The u ppe r s ection o f the f ront p ane l p
lug i n 1 00 k Hz c alib rato r a nd 1 4
f
l
ip -flop s t o p rovide a c lean 2 5 k Hz conta ins t he S me ter, a f requency
t
ransisto rs a nd 2 d iode s i n the p lug -in
s
quare w ave w ith h armon ic o utput prese lec to r r ange s w
itch f or s electing 5
-NB n oise b lanke r
.
s
uitab le f or c a
librat ing t o b eyond 3 0 t
he c rysta ls a nd w hich s imu ltaneous ly T
he h andbook s upp lied w ith t he
MHz . i
nd icates t he p re se
lec tor p osition a nd SPR -4 i so nly 1 3 p ages i nl ength a nd i s
The a udio o utput s t
age i s ac las s A r
ange s witch ing , the ma in t uning d ial too b rie f t o b e of r eal te chnica l value .
amp lifier v a
lve a rrangement w ith a n and t he p rese lec to r
.
The r ece ive rs d r
ift when i n
itia l
ly
output t rans former wound f or a4 The l owe r s ec t
ion c ontains t he r ange switched o n
. T his i s to b e e xpec ted
ohm l oad . switch f or t uned c i
rcuit a djus tment , and d e spite t he drift b oth t he r eceive rs
T he r eceive r come s c omp lete w ith a t
he c oncent ric R F/AF c ont rol, t he
d
e tailed 3
8 page handbook a
nd a
re i mmed ia tely u sable. T he initial r a
te
mode s e
lec to r a nd t he c oncent r
ic o
f d rift i st ypically a t ar ate of 1 00 H z
e
xce llent c ircuit d iag ram a nd c rys tals f
unct ion s e
lec tor a nd t he n o tch f i
l ter. p
e r 1 5 m inute s but this drop s to 8 0 H z
f
or t he a mateur b ands . A n a dded The c ircu itry i sa lmo st t he s ame a s
p
e r h our f or t he R -4B a fter t wo h our s
f
ea ture i s t he i nclus ion o f as et o f t
hat o f t he R -4B r eceiver i nclud ing t he warm u p a nd 7 5 H z per h our f or t he
c
ab le mark ing t ags f or a ttach ing t o c
rys ta l fi
l te rs a nd p ermeab i
lity -tuning .
SPR -4 a fte r o ne h our w arm u p
. T he
e
ach e nd o f t he c ables u sed i n a ny T
rans isto rs a re u sed f or al o pera t
iona l
f
requency s t
ab i
lity o f t he S PR -4 i s
p
o s s
ib le s et u p
. f
unc t
ions i nclud ing t ho se d iff
icu lt
s
l
ight ly b e tter f or interm it tent mob ile
t
asks o f m ix ing w here o rdinar ily
u
se a nd i ts t otal d r
ift in t he f i
rs t h our
t
rans istor s s
eem t
o b
e a
t a
THE S
PR-4 RECE
IVER d
isadvantage . T o c ompensa te f o r t h
is
o
f o pera tion w as o nly 3 00 H z
. T his i s
p
articula r
ly g ood .
The SPR
-4 r
ece
ive
r h
as many n
o rma l d eficiency , D rake h ave made
The s
ens
itiv
ity o
f both rece
ive
rs is
s
imi
lar
ities to t
he R 4-B in
clud
ing u
se o f d ual g ate F ET s ( MFE 3 007 's)
g
ood a
nd we
ll with
in t
he

7
0 E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 c
ommun
icat
ion r
ece
ive
rcl
ass
:
Rece
iver S
igna
l t
o No
ise Rat
io o
n AM a
t 1
bN Mea
sured R
esu
lts f
or DRAKE S
PR-4 S
/N 4
93 a
nd R
-4B S
/N 1
0865 R
F
requency
: R
-4B SPR-4 S
PR-4 R
-4B
3
.750 M Hz 8dB 1
4dB F
requency Cove
rage 1
50 - 500kHz 3
.5 -
4 MHz
7
.075 " 7dB 1
3dB A
s s
upplied .5- 1MHz 7
.0 -7.5 "
1
4.100 7dB 1
4dB 1- 1
.5 " 1
4.0 -14.5 "
1
4dB 6-6.5 2
1.0 -21.5 "
21.250 8dB
7- 7
.5 2
8.5 -29.0 "
28.750 FI 7
.5dB 1
3dB 9
.5 - 10
T
he S SB s ensitivity o f b oth r eceivers 1.5 - 12
1
7.5 - 18
p
rov ided b e t
te r t han 9 dB s i
gna l t o 2
1.5 - 22
n
oise r at
io a t a l f requenc ie s f or S
elect
ivity
6
dB B andwid
ths 4
00Hz
, 2
.4kHz
, 4
.8kHz 4
00Hz . 1
.2kHz
0
.25 µV s ignal l evel
. 2
.4kHz & 4.8kHz
T
he n oise f acto r of b oth r eceive rs is S
ens
itiv
ity AM 0
.51V f o
r 8 dB S/N t
uv f o
r >7dB S/N
S
SB (
3
.25µv f or 10dB S/N 0
.25pV for >9dB S/N
b
ette r t han mo s
t c ommun ica t
ions S
pur
ious R e
jection Image R eject
ion 80dB Image Re
ject
ion 80dB
r
eceive rs, being t ypica l
ly 4 dB o n AM S
pur
ious Signal L
e ss than 0.25pV
e
qu ivalent si
gnal on a
l
l
a
t4 .8 MHz f or t he S PR -4, and.5dB f or r
ang es te
sted for
t
he R -4B. b
o th receivers
.
F
requency dri
ft l
ess than 7 5Hz/hour l
e
ss t
han 1
00Hz/hour
T
he t erm No ise F actor i s o ften
a
fte
r 1h our warm up
m
isunde rstood a si ti s am easure o f the A
.V.C. e
f
fec
tive a
bove 6
1
.
iV e
f
fec
tive a
bove 5
pV
a
dded n oise p rov ided b y t he i nternal Audio o
utput at
A
.V.C. t
hreshold for
c
ircu itry o f the r eceive r. Mo s
t o ther 30% modulated si
gnal 0
.75 w at
ts 0
.55 watts
c
ommun ications r eceivers wh ich w e Power c
onsu mption 240V 19 wat
ts 5
8 watt
s
S
ize a
nd w e
ight: 10
.75" w ide x 5
.5" H
. 1
0.75" wide K 5
.5" H
igh
h
ave t ested h ave b een u nable t o x1 2
.5" d eep 1
2.5" deep
p
rov ide a n ove rall n oise f i
gure o f le
ss 18 l
bs 1
6 lb
s
P
r
ice R
-46 - $
615 p
lus s
a
le st
ax
t
han 4 dB. " S
PR-4 - $
520 p
lus s
a
le st
ax
The I F s e
lec tivity i se xcellent a nd
both r e
ceivers h ad t he follow ing b as
ic
p
e rfo rmance :
Actua
l b
and w
idths a
t t
he The S M
ete
ri s
ens
itiv
itie
s w
ere a
s The A.G.C. act
ion on bo
th rece
ive rs
No m
ina
l
b
and w
idths 6dB po
ints & 60dB po
ints f
o
llows
: w
as v e
ry g ood. For the SPR -4 i t
4
.8kHz 4
.8kHz 10kHz c
ommence s at 6µV a nd h o
ld s t he
S
PR -
4 R
-4B
2
.4kHz 2
.4kHz 7
.2kHz o
utput within 3dB up t
o 100 mV a nd
1
.2kHz (
R-4B) 1
.2k Hz 4
.9kHz S
i 1µV 1µV
t
o with
in 6 dB up to 5
60 mV i nput.
400Hz 400Hz 2
.7kHz S
2 5" 1
.8"
F
or the R-4B t he A
.G.C
. c ommence s
T
he image r e
ject
ion o f b oth receivers S
3 9" 2
.5"
a
t 5pV . I t h
olds t
he output within
i
s 8 0dB f o r both t he f i
r s
t I F a nd S
4 1
4 " 4"
3
dB u p to 5 mV , a
nd 8
dB u p to 500
s
econd I
F, w hils
t t he h andbook S
5 2
2 " 5
.6"
1
0" mV.
c
onservat
ive ly c
la
ims " over 6 0dB" . S
6 3
2 "
The S me ters f
or b o
th r eceivers w ere S
7 5
0 " 2
0" N
either r
eceivers ha
s a ny vice
s i n
c
hecked o ut and wh i
lst t he S PR-4 w as S
8 7
0 " 4
0" t
uning i nS
SB, AM o r CW a nd i
neach
i
n order t he R-4B w as n ot c orrect
ly S
9 1
00 " 7
0" c
ase t he n
otch fil
ter nu
lls out s
ing
le
a
djusted
. T he a
ctual adjus tmen t i snot +
20dB 1mV f
requency c a
rrie
rs as if they didn
't
c
omp lex but w e d
idn't attemp t to pl
ay +
40dB 2
2 mV e
xist.
w
ith it
. +
60dB 1
20 mV
Dur
ing f i
e
ld t rials out o f Sydney
b
oth re
ceive
r s p
roved to have e
xcellent
p
erformance o n b oth t he a mateur
The s
heet meta
l c
over o
f t
he R
-4B i
seas
ily r
e movable
. b
ands and the marine bands. T
here are
o
nly a few f e
ature s which we didn't
l
i
ke.
F
i
rstly w e do n ot feel that doub
le
c
oncentric controls ar
e p ract
ical. The
e
ar
ly C ol
lins 51J4 receivers fe
atured a
l
e
ve r control sim
ilar t o that used by
D
rake a
nd t
h
is p
roved t
o b
e
t
roublesome .
S
econdly t
he app
lica
tion o
f a
c
oncentr
ic aud
io/RF c ont
rol as f
ound
o
n t he SPR -
4 doe
s n ot pl
ease most
u
ser
s search
ing f
or al ow leve
l si
gna
l.
T
hirdly w hen used at h
i
gh l e
vels the
i
nternal s peaker on the SPR-4 c aused
m
ic rophon ics in t he p ermeab i
lity
t
une r
s, s o itw as obv
ious that the use
o
f a n e xternal speaker
, or p hone s i
s
e
ssential
.

There may be b
et ter r eceivers
a
round , b ut t hese r eceivers wou ld
u
ndoub tedly b e t wo o f t he b est
g
eneral purpo se t
uneable r ece
ive rs that
we have yet seen for ama teurs
, c oastal
r
adio or g
enera l purpo se
c
ommun ication wo rk
. •

7
1
S
UPER D
YNAM
IC
'
An ew ta
pe wi
th

e
l
ec
tro
nic
s s
i
gn
d
i
f
i
f
fe
ican
rent
t
ly
T
h
e manufac
a
dvance
d
eve
s s
loped s
ture
i
r
nce t
s o

ome t
f magne
he f
hir
i
rs
ty y
tic t
t m
ea r
apes h
agne
s a
t
ave m
ic t
go. W
ade many
apes w
ith t
e
he
re
s e
p
er
fo rmance
' —t h
is d
eve lopment s h ave c ome an umbe r o f break -throughs i nt h e

p
r
odu
ctt
e
st e
x
T
c
lu s
ive E
oday tes
te
l
ect
ron
xp
la
ic
ins
s d
e
s
e
sign o
ems t
f t
o le
ape r
ad t
e co
o an
rde rs a
ew d
nd e
eve
ach n
lopment i
ew d
nr
eve
eco
lopmen
rde r s a
t of t
nd s
ape
o o n.
Magne t
ic t
ape s exhib it p
ronounced n
on-linea r
w
hy.
c
harac teristic s b ecause t he m agne tisa t
ion i s n ot direc t
ly
p
ropo rtiona l t o t he s treng th o f t he f i
eld. T his n on -
linea rity I
h
as t o b e c ircumvented t o p revent g ross d i
s to r
tion o f t he
r
eco rded s i
gna l. T he t e
chn ique u sed t o p reclude t h
is
d
isto rtion i st o s upe r
impo se ah igh f requency b ias cur ren t
t
hrough t he r eco rd ing h ead a t t he s ame t ime a s t he
r
eco rding s igna l i si n
jec ted.
Because t he f requency o f t his signal i s( typically ) between
8
0kHz a nd 1 00kHz , i t
s e ffec t o n p lay b ack i snull
ified a s
n
eithe r t he r eco rding h ead , p layback a mp l
ifie r, speake rs,
n
o r the h uman e ar r e
spond t os uch h i gh f requenc ies.
The o utput s igna l a nd d ynam ic r ange a re d eterm ined b y
t
he s hape o f t he t ransfer c urve a s shown i n F ig. 1 ,a nd b y
t
he d egree o f o ptim isa t
ion o f t he b ias s i
gna l level ass hown
i
n F igs. 2 a nd 3 . N o t ape r eco rde r i sp erfec t with a l
a
vailab le t ape s a nd f or o ptimum r esults c are ful selec tion
may b e n ece ssa ry.
The t e
s t
ing o f t ape s crea tes many p roblems , n o
t b ecaus e
NOTES
!
HI GH COERC
IVITY TAPES HAVE o
f t he a ctua l mea surement r equired b ut b ecause o f t he
S
HALLO W CURVE ,GRE•TER I
lASL
,
LO W COERCIVITY TAPES HAVE method o f t esting . T ape sc an o nly b e g i
ven af i
gure o f m erit
• STEEP CURVE HESS B
IAS)
b
y c ompa rison w ith o the r t apes w ith k nown p hy s
ica l
p
erfo rmance . T his i sbecause wh ilst i tisp ossible t o mea sure
t
he a bsolute p arame ters o f a t ape , s uch a s c oercivity ,
r
etent ivity , p a rticle s i
ze, s qua rene ss r a
tio a nd m any o the r
F
IG. 1 RECORD
ING TAPE TRANSFER CURVE
p
rope rties, t he se p a rame ter sd o n ot prov ide a n actual u sable
r
esult f or t he i ntend ing p urcha ser. t
t

F
IG. 2 UNDER B
I AS COND
ITION F
IG. 3 OVER B
IAS COND
ITION

ELECTR O N
ICS TO D AY -J ULY 1
971
7
2
T
APE T
DK-
SD 1
50H r
e
cord
ing t
ape

The p arameters in wh ich h e is i n

terested a r
e t he
s
i
gnal-
to-noise ra
tio
, bia
s requirement s
, frequency response
a
nd d ynamic range. These parame ter
s ar e al la
rge
ly t i
ed
b
ack t o the parameters o f the tape r ecorder used for
t
es
ting, the t
rack width, tape speed, bi
as frequency, head
g
ap, e
tc.

T
APES C
OMPARED
T
he o nly r ea
lly a ccep tab le me thod o f t esting i s t o
c
ompa re t wo o r mo re t ape s
. T he prob lem i sw hich t apes t o
u
se fo rc ompa rison.
T
he t ape s w e c hose w ere t he BASF L GS 3 5 a nd t he
S
cotch 2 03. T hese a re b oth w idely a ccep ted t ape s and t he
c
hance s a re that i fy ou t ake y our r ecording s e
rious ly, y ou
w
ill h ave a t l e
ast o ne o f them . A f ur
the r r eason f or the
c
hoice o f t hese r eference t ape s ist hat mo st t apereco rder s
a
re a djus ted f or o ne p ar t
icula r brand o f t ape
. I n the p a
s t
f
ew y ears, S co tch 2 03 o r BASF L GS35 " h ave b een
c
ommon ly u sed for t h
is p urpo se.
I
ft he b ias o n the m ach ine c anno t be a djusted , then t he r
e
lative output i shi ghe
r t han o ther l ow noise t
apes that we
'
r
esults t hat can b e achieved w ith p res et bias are t hose w h
ich h
ave t e
sted. Also t he coercivity of t he magne t
ic part
icles i
s
a
re of mo s
t r e
levance t o t he u se r
. O ur test
ing p rocedure w as a
ppa rent
ly highe r
, a nd the magne tic p art
icle si
ze iss
tated to

1
/
4
t
o u se a s em i
-p rofessiona l t ape r ecorde r w hich h ad af ully b
e lowe r t
han t hat used conven tional ly.

/
a
djus table b ias signal w ith a f r
equency o f 1 00kHz . T he Testing proved t hat this tape offe rs an umbe r of def
inite
t
r
w
t
ack w
a
ha
s 6
t t
idth w
5pm
h
a
. We c
is w a
s 2

s t
.3mm ( t
ho se a t
he mo s
rack
ape s
t i
) w
peed o
mpor
h
ile the r
f 7 i
tant s
e
p
co
s s
peed f
rd h
ince w
o
r c r
1
2
ead g
e f
it
ap
e
ica
lt
l
i
mp
t
he
S
co
rovement
se i
tch 2
stha
03 w
s o
t i
h
t
ve
s o
r o

ich w
the
utput l
e u
r c
e
sed a
onven
vel i
st
t
s2
he b
iona
1
/

a
2

s
l t
d
ic r e
ape
B a
fe
s
. T
bove t
rence.
he f
ha
i
t o
r
st o
f t
f
he

n
on-profess
iona l users
.
In appearance t he TDK -SD 1 50H t ape isvery simi
lar to G
OOD S
IGNAL N
OISE R
ATIO
S
cotch 2 03 but tha t
's where the simi
larity ends for t
h
is isa The d
ynamic r
ange i
ssl
ight
ly g r
eater
, b
eing 2 d
B grea
ter
n
ew t ape w ith s ign
ificant
ly d ifferent performance f r
om t
han t
he b
est o
f o
ther t
apes t
ested and u
p to 5dB grea
ter
o
ther tapes t hat w e have te
sted. N ot on
ly i st he s
urface t
han LGS35
. The si
gna
l-to
-noise rat
io is 1dB b
ette
r than
f
i
nish far bet
ter than previous (s
tanda rd) TDK t apes bu
t the (
Cont
inued o
npage 7
5)

•LGS35 h
as n
ow b
een s
uper
seded b
y LP35 a
nd i
sconsequent
ly n
o
l
onger ma
rke
ted
.

O r
1
2,4
41
C
•••
•••• •
2
5 • ....7
IPR

4-- .
&

•
.
i
s ,W W .
W W a
B
.
U w e _•
.
__
&
i
_ I
s 9
_ _I
__I _9
_ 9
_
,

P
400. 4.
9 Ob
i•C'

*_RECORD TO A, '

_REPLAY_
• R
FspoNsF 2
0

_
TOK SD _
.
- - -..-
..

R
ECORDING T
APE _
-

- ,
-...--
.
.- - ;
- -
-.- -
- .H
_
OPTIMALLY i

B
IASED O
-
- .
- r-
- •

N T
EST - -. -
.- - • -.
• -- -- -

—R
EC_
ORD
_ER
-
-
6
.4 3
0
1
5

_L
_dB p
er
d
ivis
ion —

.
4 3
0 2
0

Dow
9
/6/7
1
s
e
v
I
t
ea R
.M.S
. . ,.
1
0

LL
ow i
t
• _
2
D
.
p
m. -
50. _
_r_

P
i
. S
m 3
15 —
Paw Sw-_ __-_ _
3
___
. -
,
.
„
.
„.
,i S
co
t* b
y 1 0 07
.
2
0 1
0 Z
OO WOO - .
.
.
. .-.
.
C

7
3
ELECTR ONICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
 E
rsin
MULTICORE
5 CORE
T
he wor
ld's
f
i
nest
c
ored s
older
T
hroughou
t t
he wo
rld
, i
nthe
e
lec
tron
ics f
i
eld
, E
rs
in Mu
ltico
re
i
sthe c
hoice
. T
he f
orma
tion o
f
t
he f
i
ve s
epa
rate c
ores o
f h
igh
q
ual
ity f
l
ux e
nsures t
hat t
he f
l
ux
me
lts b
efo
re t
he s
o
lde
r, we
tting
t
he s
urfaces
, t
hus e
nsur
ing
h
igh q
ual
ity
, u
nifo
rm j
o
ints
SPEC IF
ICAT ION APPROVALS
Mult
icore S older meets a
ll appropriate
na
tional spec i
fica
tions and isexpor ted
t
o 63 coun tr
ies throughout the world.
E
rsin Mu l
ticore isc omplete
ly g uaranteed
.

MULT
ICORE SOLDERS (
AUST
.) P
TY. L
IMITED 4
3 B
irm
ingham S
t
., A
lexandr
ia, N
.S.W
. 2
015
.
D
i
str
ibu
tors
: G
reenda
le E
nginee
ring & C
ables P
t
y. t
d -i
nal c
ap
ita
l c
i
t
ies
. A
l
so a
va
ilab
le a
t y
our p
ar
ts s
upp
lie
rs.

C
L
YDE B
A
TTER
IES P
T
Y. L
T
D.
P
.O. B
ox 1
67 — (
Fac
tory S
tree
t)
G
RANV
ILLE
, N
.S.W
. 2
142 ,
T
e
lephone — B
usiness 6
37 4
051

S
UPP
LIERS O
F B
ATTER
IES F
OR T
HE E
LECTRON
ICS I
NDUSTRY
F
u
lly S
ealed L
ead A
cid B
atter
ies
1
61
11
1
1 .
1 M80 The NOYPER b attery i s light in we ight, c o mpact i n size a nd
i
s ma
v
ice l
i
n a
intenance f
ife
, i
ny p os
s l
ition, b
ree (
eak p roof
ut mus
excep
, e xp
t b
t f
los
e r
or r
echarg
ion p
ing
roof a
echarged i
)
.
nd c
n t
Has a l
an b
he ver t
e o
ica
ong s

l p
er
perated
osit
ion
-
cr
)
w
ith a s pecia
lly d esigned C lyde Noyper Bat tery Charger . T he
bat
teries a re s uitab le f or a w ide v ariety o f electronic e quip-
ment s uch a s t wo - way r ad
ios —trans m itters a nd r ece ivers,
emergency l ighting , p or
tab le TV a nd measur ing e quip ment .
They a re a vailable i n 6 o r 1 2 volt w ith c apac ities rang ing
f
ro m 1 ampere hour t o 8 ampere h our a t t he 1 0 h our r ate.

N
icke
l C
adm
ium r
echargeab
le b
at
ter
ies
The ULTN ICA r ange of b atteries are a l
l h er met
ical
ly s ealed
,
which g uards a ga
ins t l
eakage . They c an b e used in t e mper
-
a
tures a s low a s 20° C
. a nd a re c o mp
letely s hockproof.
Suitable for u sage i n elec tronic e quip ment a nd c o m muni
•
c
at ion equip ment a nd electr
ica l too
ls.

F
or More I
nfor mat
ion
, Contac
t: —

C
LYDE B
ATTER
IES T
e
lephone 6
37 4
051

3
4 ELECTR O NICS TO D A Y — JULY 1
971
 d
B

S
UPER D
YNAM
IC
T
APE

B
ESPONSE d
+
1
t
he S co tch 2 03 a nd 5d B better t han the L GS35 .
The t ape c onsistency a s mea sured b y 1 /3 o ctave b and
t
est
ing o f pure t ones between 1 kHz a nd 2 0kHz s how s that

ELATIVE R
i
t i ss upe r
io r in i t
s l a
ck o f d rop -outs and c onsis tency o f
l
evel.
I
fy our t ape re corde r does n o t inc
lude a b i
as a djustment -
2

R
o
r i sn ot a djusted t o ab i
a s level s u
itable for S cotch 2 03 or
e
quiva lent l ie
. AGFA P E31 o r P E36, AMPEX444 , BASF
PES35 L H
, o r Phil
ips L P) t hen i t
s use may n ot n ecessa r
ily
p
roduce a n improvemen t in e ithe r si
gnal
-to -no ise r at
io o r
f
requency r esponse .
Whilst t he tape i su nque s
tionab ly b e
tter t han o the r tapes
which w e have mea sured its hou ld b e equa ted f or a ma teur
u
sage i nt erms o f the q ua
lity o f the equipment w ith wh ich
i
ti sl i
kely t o be used . • 5 1
0 2
0
FREQUENCY (
kHz
)

RELAT
IVE FRE QUENCY RESPONSE OF BASF LGS
-35
RECORDING TAPE W
ITH RECORD BI AS AT 71
/
2 p
.
s.
B
IAS LEVEL 2 B
IAS LEVEL
dB dB

-
2

-
1

+
1

2 5 1
0 2
0 5 1
0 2
0
FREQUENCY (
kHz
) FREQUENCY (
kHz
)

R
ELAT
IVE FRE QUENCY R
ESPONSE OF SCOTCH 203 RECORD
ING RELAT
IVE FRE QUENCY RESPONSE OF TDK-SD RECORD
ING
TAPE W
ITH RECORD B
I AS AT 7
% i
.
p.s
. TAPE WITH RECORD B
I AS AT 7% p
.s
.

R
ESULTS
SE NSITI VIT Y
M A KE OF SE NSITI VIT Y WI T H SE NS
I TI VI T Y WI T H
TAPE OPT I M U M FR E Q UE NC Y RESPO NSE B
I AS LE VEL OPTI M U M O UTP UT AT 1K Hz B
I AS LE VE L
SC OTC H 203 0
.0 0 0 0
BASF LGS 35 0
.0 -
2 +0
.2 -
1
T D K SD 2
.4 -
1 2
.5 0
RE L ATI VE LE VELS FO R 3
.5 % D
IST O RTI O N (
dB)
SC OTC H 203 -
77
BASF LGS 35 -
77
TD K SD -
75
W EI G HTE D S
I G N A L TO N OISE R ATI O FO LL O WI N G ER AS U R E (
Re 3
.5 % D
IST O R TI O N LE VEL)
SC OTC H 203 64
BASF LGS 35 60
TD K SD 65
DR OP O U T A N D CO NS ISTE NC Y ( T OT AL V A RI ATI O N I
N dB)
Ik Hz 5k Hz 10k Hz 20k Hz
SC OTC H 203 0
.2 1
.0 1
.5 2
.0
BASF LGS 35 1
.0 1
.5 1
.5 2
.0
TD K SD 0
.1 0
.7 0
.7 1
.0
ALL U NI TS A R E I
N c
lBs EX CEPT W HE RE OT HE R WISE I
N DIC ATE D

7
5
ELECTR ONICS TO D A Y —J ULY 1
971
 W
hy e
ng
inee
rsu
s
eWatt
sr ms —a
l
though
t
h
ey know i
tisw
rong

I
V
sr-
to.c
. I
c
eas
ure
l
k
—KR
-2
120
t
as ds
t
ate i
ns
trumen
0
119
,
10 0ov.e
t• AMPL IFIER. P o wer o 9
25 s
e
ach c hanne lin
to 8o h F
requency
„ t
ea
'
s0fC 1 4 e
llP Os
ive W O r
esponse 2 0.20.000 I 71,
l k
i
lo har mon ic distortion L e nt', ,
•
.
'D owerl evels upto
a
s c
ated C
i
tcu
itty a
nd Mod
-
• 1
11C
5watts outputa nd alfrequenc ,es th ,h
ughou t t
h, audio range,totalharmonic
'
"`d
'an°"P
',r
.
1
..
?,"" s oc ihandy Aran
t W e % i
s
tort
ion all k Hr at1 5w a t
ts outputinto 8o hms is, . -
r
l
iv 0 1%
,C rosstalk Ben .
'
a
.° •
•11 •n
., • t
h 1M ste
teo 4
0 d8a tany fr
equency a nd atany le
ve lofo u
tput Hu m a nd output
,
• mhers
•
t
er than - 7 0d Bo nt ape playback, 60d 8 on r
a d
io and -5 5 . Ra mb
le
t
er. Treble fil
ter. L oudness c ontro l. T
ape mon itor. FM T UNER.
.
109 m il, S •nsit
ir ity Mono 15u V ,ste
reo 5u V
. Lim iting Full l
i
mit
ing occurs at ,
.
V,IF
se
lw idth 2 20 kH2 at6 08 down . I
Fr ejection 9 0d B
, Qu ietening control. AM TUNER:
r
erag• Med ium and l ong w avebands . Sensitivity 5y Vlor204 8
,IF band w idth
!
tat 6d B down . Ig eject oon 8 0O B.

W HAT
'S A WATT?
I must o ffer s ome c r
i t
ic ism o f t he t
ermino logy h as a r
isen
. I t i s b ad d
i fferent w ayso f exp re ssing t he p owe r
artic le e nti t
led "How Many Watt s?" e
nough w hen u sed i n manuf acturers' output o f a n amp l
if ie r, a nd mo st o f
(
Elect ron ics T oday — May i s
sue). advert
isement s a nd Ifeel t
hat ith as no these w ay s have some v al
id ity .
I
t i s d irec ted a t the s ect ion h eaded p
lace atalli nana r
ticle which p urports F
o r e xamp le, the a rgument u sed t o
"W hat 's a Wat t?" T he e xplanat ion t
ob e t
echnical
. j
u st
ify i nstantaneous o r ' music' p owe r
g
iven i n t he f ir
st t wo p aragraphs o ft he Y
our ssincerely, r
a t
ing s i s that orche stral mus ic has a
s
ec tion i s q ui te m i slead ing. The T
.B rown lee, C. Eng. v
e ry w ide d ynamic r ange . T he average
defin i
tion o f t he r ms v alue o f a Head o
fS choo lofE ngineering, powe r m ay b e q uite l ow y et when
s
i newave i sc orrect b ut o nly a pp l
ies t o Cau
lfield I
n stitute o
f T echno logy. t
he re i s a n o rchest ral c re scendo t he
voltage o r c urrent , a nd n ot t o p ower . i
nstan taneous p owe r r equirement m ay
For t e
st p urposes a n a ud io amp lifier b
ev e
ry h igh .
w ou ld b e c onnected t
o a p ure The a bove l etter a r
rived o n o ur d esk The refo re, s ay t he ' i
ns tantaneous '
r
e sistance a s al oad , s o t hat v oltage a nd s
ho r t
ly a fte r p ublica t
ion — a nd f or a powe r p ro tagonists, l e
t u s q uo te the
current wou ld b e i np hase . I f they a re s
ho rt t ime i tcreated q uite as t
ir. o
utput i n t erms o f wha t t he u nit can
s
inuso ida l a nd o f f r
equency fH z, then For o ur c orrespondent i s q uite p
roduce for a s hort t
ime, a
t
he p ower i n t he l oad a lso f l
uctuates cor rect. H is p oint i strue b y d efinit ion. mea surement i
n fact o
f t
he
s
inu soida l ly a t 2 f H z. T he p roduct o f The r ms v alue o f ap owe r w ave- form '
i
n stan taneous ' powe r o utput .
V a nd I ( both r ms v alues ) gives t he h
as n o sign ificance . This c an b e quite a l arge n umbe r
.
a
v erage o r mean v alue o f t he p ower As o ur c orresponden t p o
in ts out , the J
us t h ow l a
rge d epends o n h ow t he
w hich i sh alf o ft he p eak p ower. only t erm t hat h as a ny r e
al v a
lid ity i s measure ment i
s t
aken . F
or
T
he rms v
a lue o f t he p ower '
ave rage ' p ower. F or t ho se who a re '
i
ns tantaneous ' is n o t av ery p recise
waveform c an b e c a
lcu lated b ut ith as i
nte re sted t he r elevant m athema tics t
erm .
no s ign ificance . T
o a ny e lectrica l a
re s et o ut i nthe a ccompany ing p anel. I
sthe measurement t
aken for afew
e
ng ineer , o r t o a n eng ineer ing student , Techn ical ly w e a re i n t he w rong — s
econds, one s
econd
, o
r perhaps j
u
st a
t
he word " power" i sa lways t aken t o b
ut w e a re i n very g ood c ompany — f
ew mil
liseconds?
mean t
he average v
alue. With f
or a
lmo st w
ithout excep tion , And a t what l e
vel of distort
ion? A
n
on -s inuso ida l waveforms , "
peak t
echn ical j ournals, t esting c onsultant s
r
ea
list
ic 1 % to 2 % — o r isi ttaken a
t
power" a nd " average p ower" r etain a
nd a udio e quipmen t m anufac ture rs t
he current U S fi
gure of 5 %
. O r w
ith
t
he ir s ign ificance a nd a re u seful t e
rms , t
he wor ld o ver —a lso u se t his t e
rm . t
he powe r t
rans
forme r on fi
re?
a
lthough t he f a
ctor o f o ne h alf So why d o w ed o i t
? At the o ther extreme ' pop' music
ment ioned a bove n o l onger a pplies. We d o i tf or the s ake o f c lar
ity — a s t
ends t o b e mo re u nifo rm, a nd
Irea lise t hat t he t e
rm " rms p ower" i s we f eel sure d o mo st othe r j ournals .
t
here
fo re the ava
ilable average p ower
w
id ely u sed n owaday s t o d escribe t he Manufacture r
s d o i t f o r a no ther i
s amore re
levant quantity.
output o f a n a ud io amp lifier w hen , i n r
eason , perhap s m
is taken ly, b
ut
f
ac t, " average p ower" i si ntended . n
eve rtheles sw ith g ood i ntent ions . N
O R
ECOGN
ISED S
TANDARD
Ic annot u nder stand w hy t hise rror i n The r eason i s that t he re a re many T
here i
s n
o i
n
ternat
iona
lly

7
6
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 VM I =
r
ecogn ized s tanda rd for a mplif
ie r
p
owe r rating s, a nd u nt
il ad ecade o r
t
wo a go a verage p owe r w as t he f i
gure
i
mplied when p owe r o utpu t w as
q
uoted . I f as pecifica tion r e ad 'Output
P
owe r — 2 0 Wat t
s' y ou k new e xac t
ly
what i t meant.
A
t l e
as t y ou d id i f y ou w ere i n
E
urope o r w ere l ook ing a t aE uropean
amplifier
.
T
he Ame r
icans o n t he o the r h and
u
sed a s ystem t hat e nabled a 1 0 Wa tt R
elat
ionsh
ip b
etween v
oltage
, c
urrent a
nd p
ower c
urve
s i
n ar
es
istor
.
E
uropean s
tereo a mplifie r t o b e
marke ted i nt he U S a t4 0 t o6 0 Wat ts.
(
Ro l
ls R oyce r an u p a gain st as imi
la r (
a
) f
o
r res
ist
ive l
o
ads a
nd s
inuso
idal T
his q
uant
ity i
splo
tted inFig 1
.
p
rob lem w ith h orse-powe r r at
ing s o f i
nput
s. Vand Ia
sfunc
tions of A
scan beseen, t
he p
owervaries
t
heir c ars. B ut r a
the r t han a ccep t a t
ime a
re
:— b
etween 0 a
nd V,1, in as
inusoida
l
p
hony mea surement t hey d escribed manner and the a
verage p owe r i
s
t
heir p owe r o utput a s 'adequa te'
. N ot V1 = V, c
os 2i
rft V, lm /
2. Us
ing O hm's l aw th
is is
t
hat i tdid them much g ood . ) e
quivalent t
o Vm 2 R/2 o r I, 2R /2.
I
i =I
, c
os 2I
Tft
The U S r ating i sc onve rted i nto t he Thus we def
ine the effective vo
ltage
European r
a
ting a
s fo
llow s:- w he
re V„ i sthe max. i
nstan- a
nd current so t
hat the average p ower
(
1) d
ivide b y t wo t o o btain t he taneous voltage i
sgiven by P= VI, and t he r
elat
ions
output p erc hanne l. w here 1, isthe m ax
. in
stan- b
etween t he rms a
nd p eak value are
(2
) d
ivide b y o ne a nd a h alf t o t
aneous current
T he r
esis
tive load R, t
he appl
ied V = V„/
N/2 a
nd I= /
.
%
/2.
obtain a
n a
pp rox ima te c onve rs
ion
f
r om s ho rt d uration s igna ls i n o ne v
o
ltage V, and the resu
lting c
urrent I
. (
b
) As imila
r argument (a
lthough
channe l t o c ontinuous s igna ls i nb oth more comp lex) f
o r n
on-s
inusoida
l
c
hanne
ls. Then V a
nd 1a
sfunct
ions o
f s
i
gnals produce t he e
quiva
lent
(
3) d
iv
ide b y t wo to c
onvert from t
ime a
re r
e
spect
ive
ly:— v
oltage
s a nd cur
rents as
p
eak t
o ave
rage p ower
. VN
/ave (
V 12 )a
nd 1=Vave (
I
I
n other wo rds div
ide t he quoted V1 =V, c
os 2i
tft
f
i
gure by b etween four and si
x a nd h
ence t he t erm 'root mean s quare'
=I
, c
os 2T
rft
t
h
is will a pproximate the a verage wh
ich i s aw ay of expre s
sing t he
Where V, isthe maximum o
pera t
ion o f squaring the v o
ltage ( o
r
p
ower per c
hannel.
i
n
stantaneous v
oltage a
nd I, i st
he c
urrent ), taking the average o r mean,
B
UT W
HY R
MS? m
aximum i ns
tantaneous current
. a
nd t hen t aking the squa re rooto f
The a rgument i s t hat t he b uy
ing t
he result.
T
he i
n
stantaneous p
owe
r i
s Whilst th
is may s eem c omp l
i-
p
ub lic m i.st h ave s ome b as
is f or
c
ompa r
ison a nd t hat w hils t a n r ms g
i
ven b
y t
he p
roduce V x I'
i
.e
. P
'
. c
ated, t he me tersw hich w e (and mo st
f
i
gure i st echnica lly i n
co rrec t
, i th as T
hus p
ower i
sgi
ven b
y:— o
the r labo ratories
) use fo r measuring
t
he i mplicat ion o f t he m ethod o f P=V, I
, c
os 2 21
rft v
oltage o rc ur
rent p erform t his
measurement . T his i mplica tion i sn ot o
pe ration a utoma tically.
The i
n
stan
taneous p
owe
r i
s Thus a sw e se
e f r
om t he a bove,
c
ar r
ied b y a ve rage o r c ontinuous
g
i
ven b
y V x I=P.
p
owe r. t
he r ms v oltage isdefined t hrough t he
T
he t erm r ms Wa tts i s i n f act a T
hus p
ower isg
i
ven by
:— a
verage p owe r and n owhe re i srms
p
s eudonym f or a verage p owe r
, o r i n P=V, I
, c
os 22rf
t
. powe r d e
fined .
a
no ther c ontext , c ontinuous p owe r,
a
nd t e
chn ically c orrec t or n ot i th a s
become a g
ene rally a
ccep ted
e
xp ress
ion . A s w e found o ut w hen w e
r
a ng t he d esign e nginee rs a t t wo o f
A ustral
ia 's l
eading manufac ture rs.
T
w
he ir r
rong w
eac tion w
ith Wa tt
as as
s r ms?"
u
rp
.
r
ised " what's E
NGINEER ACOUST
ICS
Our c orrespondent i s
, a s w e h ave An experienced e ng ineer i s required f or a c onsulting a cous t
ical
s
a
id , p erfec t
ly c orrec t a nd w e a lso a
nd vibration e ngineer ing p ractice situated i n Sydney . A ppl
icants
d
ep reca te t e
rms t hat h ave p recise must be a ctive a nd c apab le o f supervising ma jor i nvest
igat ions,
mean ing s b e
ing u sed i n s uch l oo se r
esearch d evelopmen t a nd d esign p rojec ts associated w ith t he
f
ashion. f
i
elds of e lectrical, i ndus tria
l, a rchitectura l and a ircond it
ion ing,
B
ut — w e c
anno t jo
in him in being n
oise a nd v ibrat
ion c ontrol. A pplicants s hou
ld h ave t he a bil
ity
t
he o n
ly o nes i n s t
ep. We s ha
ll t
o super vise t echn ical a nd l aborato ry s taff in a we l
l-equ ipped
c
on t
inue to spec
ify the output power N
.A.T.A. r egistered a cous tics a nd air dif
fus ion laboratory .
o
f a mpli
fie
rs in Watt
s r ms in t
he fu
ll
k
now ledge t hat i
t i s technica
lly A
n a
ttract
ive sa
lary w
il
l be ofered, t
oge
ther with car a
l
lowance
i
n
co rrect. a
nd superannuat
ion af
ter a s
uitab
le qua
lify
ing per
iod.
Those t o whom i tm at
ters must re
ad
t
h
is to m ean ave rage Watts
. WR
ITTEN APPL
ICAT
IONS SHOULD B
E F
OR WARDED TO
:
A
s C haucer sayde — " Forge
tting not
u
niforme a nd g ood
ly l aws of propre
T
HE S
ECRETARY
, L
OUIS A
. C
HALL
IS 6
1 A
SSOC
IATES
t
onge, t he w ays o f m anne a nd his 1
58 QUEEN S
TREET
, WOOLLAHRA
, 2
025 N
.S.W
.
c
olloque s hul shew d out
les how itisto
b
e s
ayde"
.

ELECT R O NICS TO D AY — JULY 1

971
V
ENUS/MERCURY
S
PACECRAFT
V
ENUS
/MERCURY S
PACECRAFT p
lane
tary e
xplorat
ion s
pacecraf
t," M
r.

e
l
ec
tro
nic
s
T
he B oeing C ompany h as b een C
zarneck
i s
a
id.
s
elec ted b y t he N ationa l A eronaut ics "A
lthough t he spacecraft w e wi
ll b e
and S pace A dm inistration t o d esign b
uilding wi
ll b e mod if
ied to mee t t he
i
nSpa
ce and b u
i ld a s pacec raft t hat w ill b e u
nique miss
ion r equirement s
, o ur main
l
aunched i n 1 973 o n ad ual-plane t j
ob i s t
o a ccomp lish the s pacec raft
mission t o Venus a nd Me rcury . p
rog ram for J PL i n the least c os:
ly
The s pacec ra ft
, w i
ll r e turn c lose -
in way atan a
ccep table le
vel o
f r i
sk.
t
elevision p icture s a nd g athe r av ariety "We wi
ll b e draw ing on o ur L ura r
o
f s c
ient ific data a bout t he p l ane ts. O
rbiter and B urner I e xperience a s
The V enus /Me rcury ' 73 p rojec t i s we
ll a
s our r
ecent Mar
ine
r Mars '
71
be
ing managed f or NASA b y t he s
uppor
t wo rk t o accompl
ish th
is
Ca
lifo rnia I nstitute o f T echno logy 's a
ss
ignment
."
J
et Propu lsion L abo rato ry. T he B oe ing I
n a
ddit
ion t
o t
he f
l
ight s
pacecraf
t
,
work w ill b e c arr
ied o ut b y t he Boe
ing w il
l al
so be p
rovid
ing a t
e
st
c
ompany 's MVM ' 73 B ranch h eaded s
pacecraf
t, support e
quipment
, and
by Edw in G. C
za rneck i, b
ranch t
echnica
l suppor
t t
oJPL.
manage r, a
nd Dr. Haim Kenne t, Spacecraft equipment w il
l b e bui
lt
d
eputy b ranch manage r
. a
nd t ested at t
he B oe
ing Space Cent
re,
"The b
asic Marine r s
pacec raf t, Kent, Wa sh
ing ton. The te
st a nd f
l
ight
d
esignated by J
et P
ropu lsion s
pacec raft w i
ll b e assemb led a nd
L
aborato ry, i s t he n ation 's p rinc ipa l e
nvironmenta lly te
sted a
tJ PL.
7
8
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 magne t
ic t ape d rive s
. Ac omp lex set o f c
ent
ral te
sting o
f p
rog
rams i
spo
ssib
le
C
OMPUTERS A
SSIST S
OLAR S
TUDY
i
nte rface s a r e b eing b uilt b y t he a
tone s
ite
.
The C S
IRO D ivision of Rad iophys ics
CSIRO b etween t he c ompute r and the
h
as r e
cently i nsta
lled t wo c ompute rs
h
eliog raph . N
ASA P
ROVES L
IFE I
N S
PACE
a
tC ulgoora a nd E pping for proce ss
ing
The c hief f unc t
ion o f t he c ompute r The re n ow s eems l i
tt
le d oub t t ha t
i
nfo rmation c o
llected i n it
s s tudy o f
i
s t o c
omp ress t
he i
nforma t
ion l
i
fe, e ven i f limited t o b asic f orm ,
t
he S un. T he r ad
io h e
liog raph a t
r
ece ived d uring t he f i
ve h our s ine ach e
xist s o utside E arth .
Culgoo ra c ons
is t
s o f 9 6 s teerable
d
ay when p ictu res c an b e r e
ceived . The Ame s R esea rch C ent re of NASA
a
erials, each 1 3 me t
res in d i
ame ter,
Only v ital i n
fo rma tion i sr etained, t he r
eport f
urthe r e
vidence o
f
a
rranged i n a 3 k ilome t
re d iame ter
wo rk b eing p erfo rmed i nr e a
l time. e
xtra -te rrestrial o rgan ic mo lecu les i n
c
ircule. T
he a
er
ials make two
The i n
fo rma t
ion , s tored o n magne tic t
he Murch ison me teo rite t ha t fel
l i n
observations o f the Sun eve ry s e
cond .
t
ape , ist ranspo r ted t o E pping, w he re V
icto ria i n 1969 .
Thes e two d imens ional rad
io p ictures
f
u rthe r p roce ss
ing i sp erformed o n t he The me teorite h a s b een s hown t o
a
re s tudied f or t he c omp lex a nd
mo re p owe rful P DP-15 /20 . C ontour c
onta in a m
ino a cids o f b oth t he
r
ap idly c hanging s ources o f s olar
map s s how ing r ad
io i ntensity a re r
i
ght -hand a nd l eft-hand v ers
ions , a nd
s
torms a nd b urst s
. produced a nd d isplayed g raphically. s
uch m ixture s c an o nly b e produced
Each p
icture i
s r eceived a
s a
Af ter e
diting t
he map s a
re by c
hem ical r
eac t
ions . Seve ral
c
ollection o f 2 ,880 t welve -bit wo rds photog raphed o r p laced o n tape f or non-b io logical a mino a c
ids h ave a l
so
t
hat r ep resert l evels o f r adio s i
gna ls.
f
urthe r p roce s
sing a t t he C SIRO b
een f ound .
The v ery g
reat s peed a t wh ich
cent ral c ompute r. The s
oph ist ica te d a
nalytica l
i
nfo rma tion c an b e r eceived b y s uch
The c ompute rs a t Culgoora a nd e
qu ipment u sed b y t he g roup i nc
lude s
h
igh q uality e qu ipment n ecessita tes
E
pping h ave b een s upp
lied by D igital gas c
hro matographs , mass
p
rov is
ion o f a utoma tic , h igh-spe ed
E
quipment A ustralia Pty. Ltd
., w ho s
pec trome te rs with a utoma t
ic readout ,
e
qu ipment f or d ata c ollec t
ion a nd
a
l
so supplied a P DP-9 computer t o the and a p owe rful c ompute r wh ich i s
p
roce ssing — e quipment t ha t is
C
SIRO D iv
ision o f R ad
iophys ics a t u
sed t o a nalyse t he l a
rge a mount o f
r
est r
icted t o an i ndividua l i n
stallation .
P
arkes
. A n i mpor tant fe
ature o f t he data o b ta
ined b y t he i nstrumenta tion .
The c ompute r a t C u
lgoo ra i s a
t
hree c ompute rs i s the r esultan t Acco rding t o t he C ent re t he r e
su lts
PDP -15 /10 , assigned t o c ollec t
ing d ata
c
ompa t
ibility o f e quipment, b oth i n obtained a r
e t he f irst c l
ea r proo f t hat
f
r om t he h eliog raph . I t h as 1 6,000
h
ardware a nd i ns oftwa
re. Duplication chem ica l e volution i s t aking p lace
wo rds o f c ore s tore w ith f ast p ape r
t
ape i nput -output e quipment a nd t wo o
f p rogramm ing i s el
iminated a nd el
sewhe re int he u nive rse. •

Ar ti
st'sc oncept s how s
Mar iner spacecraf t
near ing t
he p lanet
Mercury a fter ithas
passed close b y t
he
p
lanet V enus . A Mar iner
Venus/Mercury
spacecraf t willb e
l
aunched i n la
te 1 973 on
t
he n at
ion' s fi
rst multi-
p
lanet m ission a nd the
f
i
r st miss
ion t o t
he
i
nnermost p lanet,
Mercury .

P
ar to f t he radio
h
eliog raph c o mp lex at
Culgoora , co mpr ising 96
s
teerab le a erials
, 1 3
met res in dia meter , and
a
rranged i n ac i
rc le of3
k
ilo met res in diameter .
Data f ro m t he system
a
re c o
llected b y an ew
PDP -15/ 10 a nd
t
r ansm itted t o
another c o mputer , the
PDP -15/20 a t Epp ing
,
where t he hel
iog raphic
i
nformat ion is
p
roces sed.

7
9
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 E
l
ectroni
csi
n
E
ducat
ion
AUD
IO-V
ISUAL A
ID
t
he r ange o f t he r eco rde r t o b e n
umbe r o f s tuden ts n eed t o s e
e t h
e
A n ew a nd s imp le s y
stem f or in
crea sed . A lte rna tively s mall voltag es micro scope p icture i n a pp l
ica tions
c
omb ining as l
ide p rojec tor and at ape orc urren tsc an b e r ecorded . whe re t he s ubject m atter i sun sui
tab le
recorde r t
o g
ive '
profes sional' The p en o n t he r ecorde r mov es i na fo
rd i
rec t o pticalp rojec tion .
commen tarie s f o
r l e
c tures h as b een s
traigh t l ine o ve r 2 00 mm a nd c an
T
he m ic ro scope h a s b een s pecial
ly
developed b y C onvoy I nterna tiona l i
n d
ica te v alue s t o a n accu racy o f 0.5 d
esigned a nd i ntegra ted w ith a
P
ty . L td. o f S ydney . C al
led t he mm . P en mov emen t i s 4 0 mm p e
r
t
e
levi s
ion came ra to fo
rm a
n
"Pulsync" , itp ermits t he use ofe i
the r s
econd a nd am agne tic c lutch i sf i
tted
e
xtreme ly r i
gid a nd s elf-con ta
ined
t
a pes o
r c
asset
te s w
ithou t t
h e t
op rev en t damag e s hould t her e
co rder
u
nit, o n
ly r equ i
ring a mon itor t o b e
n
ece s s
ity o f t hread ing t he t ape g
o o ff t he s cale . T he E xelo B r
idg e
c
onnec ted t oc omp lete t h es ystem .
t
hrough l o ops o uts
ide t he r e
co rde r,o r r
eco rde r h as at ranspa ren t P erspex
c
har t t able s o i tc an b e u sed o n a n T
he m ic ro scope h a
s as elf-con ta
ined
mod ifying a ny o ft hee quipmen t.
o
v e
rhead p ro jec to r a nd t akes a ny 1
00 W HQ l i
gh t sou rce t ogethe r w i
th
The r esul
t i st hat ac ommen ta ry c an
s
tanda rd s heet o fg raph p ape r. t
r
an sfo rme r a nd K oehle r i l
um ina tion
b
e p repa r
ed s o t h
at t he co r
rec t s l
ide
S
amp le e xpe rimen ts t hat m ay b e o
ptical s ystem , a l b uilt-in t o t he
a
utoma tically a ppear s i nt he projec tor m
icro scope b ase. T he TV c ame ra
a
t t he r e quired p oint, a gains t a c
arr
ied o ut w ith t he reco rde r i n
clude
c
ooling c urve s f or s i
ngle s ubstance s s
ys
tem o pera te s on 6 25 l i
nesa nd h asa
b
ackg round o f mu sic a nd v oice i f r
e
solu tion o f 5 mHz . 5 25 o r4 05 l i
ne
r
equ ired. U
nlike previous p
ulse a
nd m ixtu res, c oo l
ing c o rrections i n
c
a
lo rime try, r eac tion r a
te s u s
ing a c
ame ra s c an a lso be s upp lied . U p to 1 0
s
ystem s
, t h
is u nit record s t he p ulse so i
n
te r
linked mon i
to rs c an b e added , a t
t
hat t he full reverse track so ft he t apes s
imple c a
lo rime te r a nd s pec t
ra u s
ing a
s
imple s p ectrome te r. adi
stance u p t o 1 00 m .
may b e u tilised, a nd t here a re n o
T
he m anuf ac tu rers h av e a nnounced Apart from b r
ightf
ield m icroscopy,
a
udib le p ulse s i
gnals i nt he reco rding.
t
hat th ey a reo pen ing as ubsid iary sales t
he educat
ional TV m icroscope can be
T
he " Pulsync" w as m anuf actu red t o
c
ompany i nA ustra l
ia . u
sed for darkground p olar
isation. The
s
pecification s s et o u t b y o ne o f
p
hase contrast o p
tics are st
ated to be
S
ydney 's leading u nive rsit
ie s asa n aid
t
ot eaching . T
ELEV
ISION MICROSCOPE p
art
icular
ly u s eful for v iewing live
F
OR EDUCAT
IONAL U SE m
ateria
l,p ond l i
f
e and bacteria.
The m icroscope i s supplied w ith
L
ABORATORY R
ECORDER F
OR Ate
lev i
sion m icroscope intended f o
r
monocula r head, spl
itte
r c ube, optical
S
CHOOLS u
se i n research l a
boratories
, s c
hoo ls
,
t
ube, came ra b racket, ap air o f X 8
t
echnical c o
lleg
e s and u n
iversi
ties h a
s
h
uyg en
ian e yepieces, aspare lamp,a nd
As imple r eco rding m ach ine o per able b
een p roduced i n England b y Gil
le t
t
by anyone w ho c an u se aWhea tstone aplast
ics d ust c over
, c omple te w i
th
a
nd S ibert, and Link E l
ectronics
. T he
B
ridg e, a nd s eling a t ap r
ice w h
ich 6
25 l
ine TV c
amera ( Random
TV microscope i
s s a
id t
o b e
p
u t
s i tw i thin a s chool's b udget, h as I
n
terlace), b ut wi thout mon i
to r and
p
art
icula r
ly u seful w here a l arge o
pt
ics. •
b
een p
roduced b
y t
he B
riti
sh
Company W . C . Fl a
ig & S on s Ltd. o f
B
road stairs, Kent. A s
t
anda rd
l
aborato ry l ow v oltage s upply i su sed
t
o drive t he r ecorde r pen mo tor and a
b
attery s
upplie s p owe r f
or t he
e
l
ec t
ron ic s witch ing c i
rcuit.
There a re t hree t e
rm inals o n t he
r
ecorde r, a nd w h
en r es
isto rs a re
c
onnec ted a c
ro ss t hem , the p en m ov es
t
o ap os
ition w hich d epend s o n t h e
v
a
lue s o ft he t wo r es
isto r
s.T hisa low s
t
herm istors a nd p ho to-resis
to r
s t o b e
c
onnec ted d i
r ect t o t h
e u n
it w ithou t
a
ny s pecia
l c ircu i
try . The replacemen t
o
f o ne r e
sisto r b y at ransisto r alow s

Y
OU CAN SEE A
LL E.
T.
P
ROJECTS WORK
ING AT
R
ONEC,372 S
YDNEY R
D.
B
ALGOWLAH, 2
093
The Pu
lsync s
yste m a
utomat
ical
ly c
ontro
lssl
ide operat
ion in t
he a
ud io V
isua
ll aboratory
e
stab
lished b
y O r
. I.M
. BreweratSydney Un
iver
sity'sS choo
lo fBiologicalSciences
.

80
ELECTR O NICS TO D A Y — JUL Y 1
971
 T
he s
imp
le
T
hat
s
olu
's t
tion
..
he Wang 5 00
-700 ser
ies — i t
'
s unique c hangeable funct
ion
k
ey system e nables itt
o handle the most comp lex problems, yet i
t
r
emains e ssent
ially s
imple to operate. Wang a re wo r
ld leaders in
p
rogrammab le calcu
lators and their qual
ity iss econd to none. In
a
ddit
ion Wang g uarantee same d ay serv
ice plus the back
ing o f a
n
e
xtensive program l i
bra
ry.

"
COMPUTER PO WER A
T DESK
-TOP PR
ICES"

539
6 59
504 3
78

-
123456 7
8 56
e
t
z
ta
•-
4 L C,A

•s

4
1
.4
0,
" Ars,

1
6: WAN G LAB ORATOR
IES

ASTR O N
I CS Austra
las
ia P
ty. L
td.
MELBOURNE !SYDNEY IADELA IDE IBRISBANE IPERTH IHOBART IAUCKLAND
V
419
6
9 0
300 1
31 6
721 I2
3 4
022 I4
7 2
488 I6
5 4
633 12
3 2
711 I5
4 7
580

8
1
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 AUSTRALIANft
BU
ILT DV M
m
i
turv
o 4
1.

A MONG
i
n
g
a
strumentat
ined t he g
the
ion
reate s
wh
t a
f
ie

t
lds
ich
tent
h
ion o
o
f
ave
f
g
ene
v
c
rato

ounter
r
oltmeter
-time
,
(
a
lthough

r ar
mult
e cur
on
ly
imeter
rently avail
a d

ab
a
c
nd
le)
.
t
ha
l
o
T
t i
ck
tneeds t
ing a
he li
f
c
t
tion
.
ing h
o b

and
e l
i
fted t

le doub
o r

le
e
lea

s a
se t
he

s ameans
l
ate, d igital i nst rument s s eem t o t op
T
his c oncept, wh ich w as introduced
the l ot
. o
f i nc
lining t he u nit w hen it is
by the T ektronix c ompany i n the l a
te
Australian manufacturer s may h ave o
perated o n ab ench t op
, b ut i
tc an
'
f
ift
ies f
or t
heir c
athode r
ay
appea red t o l a g b ehind t he ir o verseas o
nly be used as ali
ft
ing h andle a
t the
o
sci
llo scope s
, h
as g a
ined a wide r
i
sk o f amputating your f i
ngers — as
compe tito rs i n t h
is d evelopment , b ut a
cceptance , and i tisnatural t
hat i thas w
e nearly d
id.
t
ha t is
n't s o
.
b
een a dopted f or dig
ital inst
rument s.
I
n fac t
, many o f the l ocal f i
rms w e re Overall f in
ish , e spec ially o n t he
quick t o r ealise t he i mplicat ions a nd b
r
ight a lum inium t r
im , f a
lls s hor t of
I
NTEREST
ING D
ESIGN wha t w e wou ld l
i
ke t o s ee i n
h
ave b een b us
ily e ngaged i np roduc ing
p
rofess
iona l equipment .
v
arious c lasses o f d igital i nstrument s. The N atron ic Serie s 5
00
N at
ron ics P
ty. L
im ited , t
he The u n
it c ome s w ith w e
ll-il
lus trated
measurement s ystem c onsis ts o f a
e
qu ipment d ivision o f I RH I ndus t
rie s, and t echnically c omp le te h andbook s
modu le 1 71/4" wide , 3'4" h igh a nd 1 5"
f
o r both ma in f r
ame a nd p lug-
in u nit.
h
ave i ntroduced . a n ew r ange o f d
eep , d esigned t o f i
t i nto a 1 9" w ide
p
rec ision d igita l e qu ipment wh ich i s They a re c omp le te w
ith c
ircu it
s
tandard r ack. H alf o f t he a vailable d
iagra ms and f
ull p
arts l
i
st
b
a sically d ifferent i n c oncep t f rom s
pace i s prov ided f o r t he o ptional
t
hat p
roduced by mo st o
the r d
esignations. T he de tai
led d escrip t
ion
p
lug -in u nit
s a nd t he r est i st aken u p
manufac ture rs. p
rovided o n e ach s ection, t oge the r
by t he ma in f rame e lectron ics. T he
Their p rinciple h as b een t od evelop a w
ith a
lignment i
n
st ruction s a nd
500 s eries ma in f r
ame o f t he N atron ic
main f rame wh ich c ar r
ies t he d igital c
o mp lete s
pecification s, i
s a bove
unit i s p articu lar
ly w ell d esigned t o
r
eadout , together with p ower supplies, a
verage f or A ustral
ian manufac ture rs.
cope w ith t he s t
ringent r equ irement s
c
ry stal o
sci
llators a
nd f requency The handbooks are suppl
ied i n the
o
f ap recision measurement s ystem .
d
ivide rs, and t o of fer var
ious p lug-
in f
orm of s
pira
l b
inde
rs, s o t hat
The ma in f rame i sa s
semb led f rom
un
it s wh ich c an per form a vast range a
ddit
ional pages can be i n
serted if
a
lum in ium e xtrusions a nd a lum inium
r
equi
red.
o
f i ndividual f unctions — i ncluding p
ane ls ( the t op p ane
l b eing r ead i
ly
t
ho se o f ad c voltme ter, a
c vo
ltmete r
, r
emoveab le), w ith a s t eel f ron t p anel.
multime ter, d
c mil
livo
ltmete r
, d c The l ocking c ontrol f or t he p lug -
in
m
ic roammeter , t
ernperature mete r
, modu les i
s n ove l but see ms
c
ounte r t
imer, a
nd a wave form t
emperamenta l — u ntil o ne r e a
lises
R
IGHT : The power s
upp
ly i
sboth c
urrent
a
nd v
oltage l
imi
ted
.

8
2
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 e
l
ec
tro
nic
s
p
r
odu
ctt
e
st
THE NATRON
IC S
ERIES 5
00
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM —
T
ESTED BY
LOU
IS A
. CHALL
IS &
ASSOC
IATES
t
he c ur rent r
equired t
o d estroy
t
r
ans is to r s c an f l
ow b efo re t he f u se
f
i
na l
ly b low s
.
With t he ' crowba r
' c ircuit, w hen
f
ault c ond itions o ccur wh ich a r e
s
ufficient ly d rastic t o c ause p os
sib le
d
amage t o e l
ec tron ic c i
rcu itry, as igna l
i
sa pp lied t o t he g ate of a n S CR a c ro s s
t
he ma in d c s upp ly. T he S CR t hen
b
ecome s as ho rt circuit w hich r emove s
t
he s upp ly v oltage f rom f ollow ing
c
ircu itry and a
lso cause s a n
o
ve rcur rent c ond ition w hich w il
l b low
t
he m ain f use a lmo st i nstant ly. T he
a
dvantage s o f t his c i
rcu it a re t hat a n
SCR w ill s witch v ery r apidly a nd , o nce
sw
itched , w ill s
tay i
n t he '
o n'
c
ond ition u nt i
l t he s upply i sr emoved
a
nd r eapp lied . T hese t wo f a
c to r s
g
uaran tee t hat a ny f ollow ing c i
rcu it ry
w
ill b e a dequate ly p rotec ted.
Re moveab
le top cover p
rovides e
xcel
lent a
ccess
ibi
lity
. T he DVM The o scillato r i sd esigned t o gi ve a
p
lug-in modu
le shielding h
asb een r
e moved t
oshow c onstruct
ion
. 4MHz o utpu t w ith as tabil
ity o f b et te r
t
han 1 p art p er m illion p er d ay. T his
s
tab ility i sa ch ieved t hrough t he u se o f
t
he c ur
rent r eache s 1.8 a mps t h
is ac rys tal o ven . T he o ven k eeps t he
P
OWER S
UPPLY c
ry sta l a t 8 0 0 C ±0 .50C w hile the u n it
t
ransistor iscut off.
The over-voltage p rotec t
ion i
s isrunn ing . T he c rys ta
l o scil
la tor h as i t
s
The design o f the p ower s upp ly is
o
b tained b y a' crowbar' circuit. The own s epa rately r egulated s upp ly a nd
s
uch that the m a
in r egu
lated s upply is
c
i
rcu it uses an SCR t oshort-circuit t
he has i t
s o utput p rovided f rom a b uf fe r
b
oth current and voltage lim
ited.
d
c s upply. T his me thod of c ontrol is amp lifie r w hich i s c ompa t
ib le w ith
Cur
rent l imit
ing i s pe
rformed i n a
p
ar t
icularly effective f
or pro tect
ion of t
rans is to r l o g
ic c ircuitry. T hus t he
c
onventional m anne r
, b y i n
c reas
ing
t
ransistor circuitry. Ifone r e
lies upon vo
ltage o utput v ar
ie s b etween 0 v olt s
t
he bias on the powe r tr
ansistor w hen
af u
se for protection, up to 1000 times and ± 5v o
lt s
.
t
he current e xceeds 1 .5 a mps. When
I
W O

MR I MR3

MR2
R
S
4
7 K O
BTA

3
MRS
l
i
rBy
res
•
•
•Csv
6

m
in

I
.1 CI a
in C
2 C
3 R
S
2Ø
'16V 10
n1
6y F 5
000pF 5
0014, BTS
3
50/ 1
5V 15V TAG

R
I MRS
Kf
l A BZY 0
1
1
T
S C5 V6
0Vo

•
• •
9

8
3
ELECTR ONICS TO D AY — JULY 1
971
 AUSTRALIA *
BU
ILT DV M

D
C V
OLTMETER t
ruly r andom n o
ise. r
eference z
ener and t
he r
e
set
The u nit w e have e xam ined i st he d c The c i
rcuitry h as b een designed t o t
rans
isto
r, who
se sa
tura t
ion voltage i
s
voltme ter t ype 5 0410 wh ich h as p
rov ide r
easonab le t
empe rature c
r
itica
l in p
rov
iding the re
set v o
ltage
r
ange s o f 1 00 mV t hrough t o 1 000 s
tab ility, a
nd t
hree s
ections o
f t
ime.
volt s, w ith f our d igit s plus 1 u nit f or c
ircuitry h ave b een i ncorporated i n
ove r-rang ing . small o vens who se t emperature i s WHAT T
EST S
HOWED
Ove r-rang ing means t hat t he u nit c an maintained a t ±0 .5°C . Those sections I
n o
rder t
o c
heck t
he p
erfo
rmance o
f
have f ive s ign ificant f igures, the f i
rs t of a
re t he input dif
ferential amplif
ie r
, the t
he in
strument we sub
jected it t
o
w hich i s1 .T hus , wh ils t on, say, t he 1 0
volt s ( fu l
l s cale) r ange , the me te r can
D
river c
ard — b
lock s
chemat
ic d
raw
ing
.
i
nf ac t r ead t o about 3 0% a bove t his —
i
.e., 1 3 v olt s —b e fore a ccuracy s tarts
t
o s uf fe r. T h is limitat ion i s ar e
su lt o f
t
he d iodes i n corporated f or protect ion
o
f t he i nput c ircuitry . 3 0
. T
161_
BASE I
NPU
T

T he c ircu it ry u sed i s c onvent iona l

a
nd i sb ased o n the f ollow ing:
t
•Vc
C .Vc
T he d c v oltage t o b e measured i s
app l ied to a h igh i
mpedance 1
0
MCI M
CI
d
if fe rent ia l t ransisto r p air, t hence t o MCC

a
n o pe rat iona l amp lifier i n
tegrator . A s
t
he o utput o f the i ntegrato r i s ar amp
— r-
f
unc tion t he s lope o f wh ich i sdirec t
ly
NM ' I
N
p
ropo rt
iona l t o t he v a
lue o f t he
v
oltage b eing measured , t he r amp
v
oltage i sc ompared t o ak nown f ixed
v
a lue of vo
ltage , so t
hat t he
i
nteg ration i ss witched b ack t o z ero R3
•XC
X II
(ra B
TS
e
ach t ime t he p redeterm ined v alue i s .
1tc R
ESET E
XT

r
eached . T h is p roduces a s aw-too th I I
.W s O
UT

f
unct ion whose f
requency i
s e 6STROBE I
NHIB
IT
C3
T S
IR
6
p
ropo rtiona l t o t
he i nput v oltage. 9
2 .
Kn B
TS
R
I S
TROBE E
XT
The u se o f t he o perationa l amp lifie r i
on 4
70 n BTS
A
BTS
i
nteg rator p rov ide s b oth h igh a ccuracy .v
cc
•Vc
c
a
nd i nherent n o
ise r e
jec tion. T h
is M,7
C
LOCK O
UTPUT 12
C
I
r
e
jec tion of noise i
s ma inta ined 1
)
.
1
•C
T
2
2 0 *V V
T
1
i
re spec t
ive o f whether t he n oise i s T
AG 2N2
369
O
N
r
andom o r sinuso ida l i nc haracte r. T h
is
i
s b ecause t he i n
teg rated v alue o f a
0 C
LOC K I
NPUT
s
ine w ave i si n fact z ero, a s ist hat o f I
D K

8
4
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
 N
ATRON
IC D
IGITAL V
OLTMETER TYPE 5
0410 S
/N
-NIL
I
N MA
IN FRAME T
YPE 5
00 S
/N-N
IL
v
igorous i nvest
iga t
ion t o determine it
s F
ive r
anges
: 0
-
100mV t
o 0
-
1000Vdc
a
ccuracy a nd r e
liabil
ity, as w e
ll as i
t
s
l
ong -
te rm stabi
lity . High accuracy ina
O
verange
: Due t o diode cl
ipping
, o verange error wi
ll
DVM i sof li
tt
le p ractica
l value unle
ss
a
lways b e in anegat
ive direction. The ac
tual
i
tc an b e maintained i nthe presence o
f
o
verange e r
ro r wi
ll b e 0 .05% a t 130%
noise and under t
he d if
ficu
lt
o
verange. T his may improve o r deg
rade the
c
ond itions of everyday u se.
r
eading, d epending upon t he sine of •t
he
The DVM r equires o nly a f ew
o
riginal e
rror
.
s
econds o f 'wa rm-up ' time t o provide
A
ccuracy: a
l r ange
s to 10V ±0
.02%
a
ccurac ie s o f t he o rde
r o f 1 %. F or
3
0V . r
ange ±
-0
.05%
h
igher a
ccurac ies o ne mus t b e
1
00V . r
ange ±
-0
.06%
p
repa red t o l eave t he e quipment
S
even-day accuracy
: a
pp rox. +0.3% o n a
l range s
.
cont inuous ly operat iona l or,
R
esolution: 10µV o n 100 mV range
.
a
lterna t
ive ly, a low a r easonab le time
O
verload protecton w
i
ll w
iths
tand > 1 00 V o
lts o
ver al ranges.
f
or w arm ing u p ( say 2 0 m inutes), as
I
nput res
istance
: 100 MD , on th
ree l
owest range s
.
t
his e quipment d oesn
't p rovide a
1
0 MS 2 on 100 V a
nd 1 000 V r anges.
f
acility f or leaving t he o vens on w hi
le
S
er
ies mode r
e
jec
tion: >80dB a
t5 0Hz
.
t
he e lectronics a re s w
itched o ff.
C
ommon mode rejec
tion
: 120dB w
ith 1d2 s
ource u
nba
lance
. P
ola
rity
Voltage c ompa risons w ere m ade
manua
lly o
pera
ted
.
a
ga ins t o ur l
abora to
ry s t
anda rds,
R
esponse t
ime
: >0
.5 s
e
cond
.
which p rovide a0 .01% a ccuracy int he
r
a nge 1m ill
ivo lt to 1 000 v o
lts.
R
esults o f the measurement w ere as
f
ollow s
:
s
i
nusoidal signa
ls with the measured dc t
he w eek
's rest, we a lowed t wo h ours
R
eference
: T
estS ubject
v
o
ltage s and f ound n o dif
ficulty in t
o w arm u p a nd w ent t h
rough t he
V
oltage (
±0.01% N
atronic 50410
o
btaining accurate a
nswe rs
. e
xe rcise a gain. T his t ime a l t he
1
00.00 vo
lts 100.07
The measured c ommon mode v
oltage s were r e
ading c ons
istently h igh
3
0.000 3
0.020
r
e
jection and t he s
erie
s mode r e
jection by a bout 0.3% . As t he handbook s ays
1
0.000 1
0.003
a
re a s g ood a
s s tated by t
he nothing a bout s hor
t-te rm o r l
ong -term
3
.0000 3
.0000
manufacturer. s
tability, we c ouldn't c heck th
is f igure
1
.0000 1
.0002
out a
gainst t
he manufac ture r
's
0
.30000 0
.30000 Hav
ing a s
sured our
selves tha
t when
g
ua rantee, b ut i t
's mo re t han w e
0
.10000 0
.10001 t
he i n
strument is ca
librated it w
i
ll
wou ld expect f rom a n in
strument i nto
0
.030000 0
.03000 p
erform, w e put i
ta way for aweek
which s o much d es
ign wo rk has g one.
0
.01000 0
.01002 b
efore conduct
ing are
test
.
When w
e s
witched o
n t
he DVM a
f
ter A
s t
h
is i
n
strument i
s l
i
able t
o b
e
We s
uper
i mposed n
oise a
nd
•

#
-
L
•
-1 i
—A f
r-1

4
—L
1
6

0 "

5
0
.
9
1
4

C
I
I
ON .
14.1 I na D
ial o .
C
,4.0

Vs

T
his s
chemat
ic s
ho w
s t
he f
requency d
ivider a
nd mu
ltip
lexer
.

11.
 AUSTRALIAN-
BU
ILT DV M

c
on s
ide red f o
r measurement s requir
ing T
he N
atron ic 5
04100 d igita
l 24
-hour a nd 30-day a
ccuracy fi
gures in
h
igh a ccuracy and reproducibi
lity , i
tis v
oltme te
rc ome s c
lose to meeting mo st t
heir spec
ificat
ions, t
his un
it does not
.
e
ssential t hat a
n i n
tend ing purcha ser o
f i
ts s
pecif
ications. T he m a
in T his v o
ltme ter w i
ll p
rov
ide a
s
hould a lso b uy a
t l ea
st one o r mo re d
iscrepancy i sapparent inthe a b
so lute r
easonable d eg
ree of a
ccuracy ifone is
Weston S tandard cells to prov ide a a
ccuracy c la
imed f or it
. Wh ilst mo st p
repared t o expend an add
itional $30
r
eference c heck a
ga
ins t such d
rift. p
recis
ion d igital v oltmeters q uote o
n S tandards c e
lls
.

Dr
iver c
ard f
rom ma
in f
rame
a
ssembly
.

B
lock d
iag
ram
, S
eries 500 ma
in
f
rame
.

MA
INS

D
ECIMAL P
OINT S
ELECT
ION
A-

0S
KI-25 °SK
I-9 0S
KI-
24 OSK
1- 0S
KI-23

0
13 0
12 0
11 0
10 9

F
I
LTER

I
A XTM
. OSC D
ECADE D
ECAD E D
ECADE D
ECADE
C
ARD D
ECADE
4 CARD DO- 04 CARD D4 -04 CARD 0- 04 CARD DO -0 4 CARD
2
B (
SKI) DO —
(
SKI) (
SE 2
) (
SK 3
) (
SK 4) (
SKS)
5 S
F 7
H b
F 7
H A
T D
I 6
F 7
H A
T 7H
0 0 0 0 0 0

E
RE OU
ENCY
D
IVIDER
5
0

muLT
t 2
He R
ESET
5
P
LEXER
(
SKS) 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 S
TROBE

I I GAT D
RIVER CARD
GATE T
IME S
ELECT -
0 1 (SEA) C
LOCK
0 40

A0 NOTE
0
(
SE.) SOCKET NUMBERS I
N B
RACKETS
A
RE C
ONNECTER BOARD CONNECTORS
C
ONNECTER BOARD 2
2 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
7
0 0 0 0 0
P
IN CONNECT
IONS

BLOCK D
IAGRA M
P
LUG-
IN
SER
IES SO O MA
INFRA ML
CONNECTOR (
SK I
) 4.
0 200 0 2
10 60
2
80 20 "0
,
GA E T M
E E
XT S
TROBE E
XT
GATE 2Hz 200 C
LOCK
S
ELECT
ION M O M ETER) S
TROBE I
NHIB
IT R
ESET
T
IME OUT K
Hz I
N
I
N I
N
OUT OUT

8
6
ELECTR ONICS TO DA Y — JULY 1
971
H
OW GOOD I
S
Y
OUR S
TEREO
S
YSTEM?

I
n t
he l
a
test i
s
sue o
f Aus
tra
lian H
i-F
i Magaz
ine we t
e
ll
y
ou h
ow w
ith t
he a
id o
f as
imp
le mu
ltimete
r, y
ou c
an

I
c
omp
lete
ly c
heck o
ut y
our e
ntire h
i
-fi s
ystem f
rom
$
20
,000 Compet
it
ion
c
art
ridge t
o s
peake
rs. B
uyer
s G u
ide
He
adphone Spe
cia
l
T
apesponden
ce
TAPESPONDENCE T
estYou
r Own Hil
l
Corresponding by tape i s b
ecoming inc
reasingly popula r
,
e
special
ly w ith Austral
ia's m
igrant p
opu lat
ion. Our series
o
n T apespondence s how s how to take t he "urns" a nd
"
aahs" f rom your r
ecording t
o make a p
rofessiona
l tape
.

EQU IPMENT REV IE WS IN TH IS I SSUE

J
BL e quipment is among st the mos t e
xpensive in Austral
ia.
How g ood isit
? Find o ut by reading a ful
l appraisa
l of the
J
BL amp l
ifie
r system in this i
ssue. Other technical rev
iew s
i
nc
lude t he F errograph 7 24 t ape r ecorde
r, A coustic
Research 4X s peakers
, S harp RD .423 C a
ssette r
ecorde ra nd
Mona rch A.5000 amp lif
ier.

$20,000 COMPET IT ION

Would you li
ke to win a c
omplete h
i-f
i sys
tem? Then e
nte
r
our FREE compe tit
ion; t
here a
re hundreds o
f pr
izes t
o b
e
won ar
id you cou
ld b eone o
f t
he l
ucky winners
.

LABORATORY REPORT
A spec
ial survey cove
rs a r
ange o
f popu
lar headphones
p
riced from $ 10
.00 to $
75.00
. Get t
he f
acts b
efore you
b
uy.

ROUTINE MA INTENANCE
T
his g
reat n
ew s
er
ies c
ont
inues w
ith a
n e
asy
-to
-unde
rstand
g
uide t
o c
ar
ing f
or y
our t
ape
-recorde
r.

A
LL T
H
IS!A
tyou
rn ew
sag
entn
ow
f
orON
LY 6
0ce
nts
'
AUSTRALIAN H I-Fr ispub
lished by Aus
tra
lian H
i-F
i P
ubl
icat
ions P
ty L
td.
,
P
.O. B
ox 6
0, N
arrabeen
, N.S.W. 2101
.

8
7
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 U
N
ITE
DTR
ADES
A
LES
2
8
0 L
P
H
O
NSDA
ONE 6
LE S
3
-38
T
RE
15 (
E
T
O
p
, M
po
si
ELBOURNE
t
e Myers
)
A
UDIO N
EWS
D
C POWER S UPP
LIES. 1
2 vol
t, 5a m
ps.
T
r
ansi
sto
r R e
gulat
or Vo
ltage ad
jus
tab
le.
2
40 AC i n
pu
t, R i
pp
le 1 0 M/V at 10
a
mps
. S i
ze 19i" x 4 i
" x7 ". Pr
ice S
IX AMPL
IFIERS - TWO C
HANNELS
$
35
.00 ea
. Fre
ight Fo
rward
.
D
C POWER S UPPLIES. 3
5 v o
lt
s, 5a m
ps
T
r
ans
istor Regula
t or Vo
lt
age a d
just
a b
le
2
40 AC in
put
, R i
pple 12
5 M /V 10 amps
.
S
i
ze 19i" x7 i" x7 ". P
ri
ce $ 5
5.0
0 e a
.
F
r
eig
ht F o
rward
.
C
APAC
ITORS
. M i
xed v
a
lues
, Mi
ca, C
e
ra-
m
i
c and Po
lye
ster
. S
pec
ial a
t$2
.00 p
er
1
0
0. P/p
ost 3
0c
.
3
0
00 TYP
E R E
LAYS
. No s
pe
cif
ic co
il re
-
s
i
s
tan
ce s u
ppl
ied
. 50c e
a
. P/pos
t 3 0
c.
3
0
00 ty
pe with 10 a
mp c
on
tact
s $ 1
.00
e
a
. P/
post 30
c.
C
APAC
ITORS
. Di
sc C
er
ami
c 47p
F. 5K
V.
3cen
ts ea
. P
/po
st 6ce
nts o
r 5
0 fo
r
$
1
.00
. P/po
st 3
0
c.
P
HONE JA
CKS
. 3
.5 an
d 1
.
5 m
m. 1
0ce
nts
e
a
. P/p
ost 6ce
nts
.
P
I
ANO KEY S
WITCHES
. 6K ey
s, 4s e
c-
t
i
on
s wit
h 6c h
ange
-ov
ers
. $ 1
.00 e
a.
P
/
post 4
0c
.
S
I
LICON DI
ODES
. 1
0
0 P.
I
.V.
, 1
4
5 a
mps
.
$
4
.50 ea
. P/
pos
t 4
0 c
e
nts
.
A new s t
ereo s
ystem fr
om J apan's S
harp T
he unit israted b y the manuf acturer
s a
t
T
APE RECORDER BOARDS
. L e
ss v
a
lve
s C
orporation f
e
atures s
eparate b
ass
, 5
4 w a
tts 'mus
ic p ower' p e
r channel.
(
u
ses 6GW8 a nd 12
AX7
) 6 GW8 o
u
tpu
t m
id-range a nd tr
eble ampl
ifie
rs f o
r each The n ew u nit - designated GS -5820, i
s
a
n
d bi
as Osc
il
lato
r. O
n
ly $3
.00 e
a
. P
/
pos
t c
hannel.
3
0 ce
nts
. h
andled in Austral
ia b y O h ms Trading
, 617
The s
ix ampl
ifie
rs a
re coup
led i
n
to a p
air P
r
ince's H
ighway , Tempe . N SW.
R
E
$
2
S
ISTORS
.00
. P/
. P
po
s
o
ly B
t 3
a
0 c
e
n
g
t
s o
s
.
f 1
0
0 m
i
xed
. o
ffour
-way speaker e
nclo
sure
s. •
S
PEC
IAL 4
0
0uF
. 2
5v
. E l
ec
tro
lyt
ics
. 3
0
c
e
nts e
a
. P
/
pos
t 1
0cen
ts.
S
TUD
IO T
APE R
ECORDER M
INI
-MOOG MUSE
T
RANSFORMERS. 2 3
0 v o
lt P r
imary
, 2
S
e
c o
ndary wi
nding
s of7 0 v
o
lt
s 2 0a m
ps.
W
e
ig h
t app
. 30 lb
s
. Fre
ight F
orwar
d $ 2
5.
V
A
LVES
. 6 1
6
, 3 0 ce
nts ea
. A
TS25
-80
7,
5
0 c
en
ts ea
. 5 B
254M $1
.00 e
a
. 61
7, 6
0
c
e
nts ea
. P/p
ost 10 c
ent
s.
S
P
ECIAL E
L
ECTROLYT
ICS
. 7 5uF 10 v
o
l
t
w
o
rki
ng, u
p
righ
t p r
i
nte
d c irc
uit t
y
pe
.
1
0cent
s e
a
. P/
post 6cen
ts.
C
APAC
ITORS
. . 3
3uF 4
0
0 vo
lt D
C wo
rk-
i
n
g, pr
in
ted ci
rcu
it t
y
pe. 1
0 c
e
nts ea
.
P
/p
ost 6c e
nts
.
M
IN
IATURE RELAYS. 4set
s c h
angeove
rs
1
5 v o
l
t co
ils
. 7 5 c
ent
s e a
. P/po
st 40
c
e
nts
. Lim
ite
d n umbe
r on
ly, so hu
rry
.
Once u
pon a t
ime e
very fami
ly'
s a mb
ition
M
INIA
TURE .
1
uF 2
50 v
o
lt Ca
pac
ito
rs. 1
0 w
as t o have a r es
ident muse . V ery
c
en
ts ea
. P
/p
ost 5c
en
ts. e
xpens
ive
, b
ut what as
tatus s
ymbol!
E
.
H.T
. TRANS
FORMERS
. N
ew
. O
n
ly $
2
.50 B
ut th
e fash
ion d
ied when Ma
rcon
i s
o
ld
e
a
. P/p
ost 35 c
e
nts
. o
ut to t
he B
BC.
T
.
V
. L E
GS. S
e
t o
ffo
ur $
1
.00
. P
/
pos
t 3
0 T
hese d ays
, w hen t he ma ss-media brings
c
e
nts
. pop-mu s
ic t o e very h ome a r e
sident muse
C
ARBON POT
S. 50 h
a
, 25
0 Kc
, 1M
eg
. might again h ave v a
lue . One s o
lution ist o
C
.2 0 c
e
nts ea
. P
/p
ost 1
0 c
e
nts
. buy a M ini-Moog — a s mal
ler h ome ve
rsion
o
f t he $ 20,000 i nstrument t hat made t he
M
ULTIMET
ERS—
c
ompany 's name . T heir new unit, t
he Mode l
S
e
nsit
iv
ity Se
nsi
tiv
ity
Ds e
lls i
n the U S for $1,195.
D
C A
C P
RICE
C
-
1000 1
,
000o
/v 1 ,
000o/v $ 6
.75 Another produc t, m ade b y Tr
iadex in the
2
0
0H 2
0,000o
/v 10
,000o/v $1
1.95 USA , i
sc a
lled app ropriately 'The Muse'
. It
's
C
T5
00P 20
,000o
/v 10
,000o/v $1
7.00 a
c
tua lly a m ini-compu ter a
nd once
A
S
100D/P 1 0
0,000o/
v 10
,000o/v $3
4.50 p
rogrammed f o
r tempo
, p
itch and othe
r
A
dd 60 ce
nts fo
r pa
ck/pos
t. b
asic p
aramete
rs itw
il
l c
ompose a
nd p
lay i
t
s
S
hown a t the recent I
REE exh ibit
ion t h
is own t
unes.
C
OMPUTER MODULES
. Con
tain 2.
12AU7 P
lessey E
lectronics
a
n
d 1% R e
sis
tor
s. 40 c
e
nts ea
. P/p
ost 7
00 S
eries t
ape The inst
rumen t will only produce the
r
ecorder/reproduce r i
swidely used i n r
adio
2
0 c
en
t s
. d
iatonic scale (no sharps or f
l
ats) bu
t can
s
t
a t
ion s
.
c
hurn o u
t ' music
' for a ong a
s l sthir
ty yea
rs
E
rgonom ic d
esign e
nsure
s e
ase o
f w
ithou t r
epeating i
tse
lf.
o
peration. • P
rice? — $300 U S.
•
8
8
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
97 1
 Y
ou m
ust v
i
sit t
he C
onvoy
J
O
IN t
h
e T
APE R
EVOLUT
ION
T
DK—ID
'* i
sHERE
! A
UDIO N
EWS T
ECHNOCENTRE o
t
o h
ear t
he wor
f S
ld
OUND
's
*S
uper D ynamic — Pro
fes- t
op e
quipmen
t.
s
iona
l Q ual
ity Tape R ec
-
o
rders a
re ..." dramatic
-
a
l
ly improved"
s
ays C
onsume
r G
uide
, U
.S
.A. J
EZEBEL?
The
re a re so m any v ariables ino p
tim iz
ing
R
ee
l R
eco
rde
rs, F
ide
lity G
rea
tly s
peaker p os
ition ing t h at p rediction o f
Improved. You c an r ecord at sign if
icant ly p
erformance o
n a s cientif
ic b a
sis i s
h
igher i nput leve
ls w ith SD t ape t han w ith
o
rdinary t ape, a nd w ithout d anger o f i n
- e
xtreme ly difficult.
c
reasing distort
ion. On p layback, the r esults One q uantitative a pproach r e
commended
a
re n ot
iceably b etter signal to n o
ise r at
ios
a
nd much l ower tape h iss
. U nrecorded p as- b
y A cous t
ical R esearch — i s to take t he S
PEAKERS
:
s
ages a re u n marred b y a nnoying magne tic s
quare r oot o f t he a rea o f t he t r
iang
le
e
choes.
f
ormed b y t wo s tereo s peakers a nd t he B
. &W
. (
Bowers & W
ilk
ins
)
C
as
set
te R
eco
rde
rs, Now H
i-f
l m
idpo int o f t he l i
stening a rea
, n ote i t Mode
c
l 7
one h
0 Elec
id $
ybr
tros
tat
1500.
ic a
T
nd
hey
tuned
r
aved
w
ith " SD". The h andicaps of low t ape speed c
arefully, and t hen h ave y our wife tel
l you a
bout this s
peaker a t D
usse
ldorf
a
re n ow c omple te
ly o vercome w i
th SD C as- where the speake rsl ook b est. • A
udio Fair
. A
lso B
. & W . DM1's
s
ettes. You make r ecord
ings t hat rival a
nd DM3 's $
250 pair
. B
est from
e
xpens ive r ee
l r ecorders
, e ven l
ow c ost E
ngland
.
r
ecorders g ive amaz ing n ew p erfor mance.
P
A
oss
t 1
ib
2
le frequency r
.000 H z o
ange i
utput is u
s 3
p 6db
.
0 -20,000 H z.
P
EERLESS O
F D
ENMARK
A superb 12" 3
- way i n Teak o r Wal-

S
e
cre
t—M
icro
fine P
art
icle
s S
TRA
IGHT L
INE T
ONE A
RM nut o ly $
n 220 p a
ir. As
tound ing
v
alue. Ca meo 2- way $ 100 pair
. B est
S
uper D yna mic T apes o ffer y ou p erfor mance v
a lue
!
c
apab i
lities n ever b efo re a vailable I n mag -
n
et
v
e
ic t apes
loped s
.
pec•a
Th
is i
l m
s b
icro f
ecause TDK h
ine p art
ic
as d
le magnet
e
-
ic AMPL
IFIERS
:
o
xide o f high c oerciv ity. It is the h eart o
f
t
h
is d evelop men t a nd u n
ique t o SD t apes
. M
cINTOSH o
f Amer
ica
T
he m icrof
ine p artic les i n a s pecial a d
-
America's most f , 2
a mous 10 watts
v
anced b inder r esult i n a t ape s o smooth RMS Amp l
ifier c lete w
o mp ith Super
t
hat b oth sides l ook a l
ike. Head c ontact Is
Contro
l Un it $2012. O
ther models
g
reatly i mproved wh ile h eadwear i s reduced
ro m $
f 760.
t
o ar e markab le d egree —a g reat c ost saving
.

T
EAC o
f J
apan
OW A
Tuner Amps up to 1
60 wat
ts RMS
7
1:1
1C 7
76
, PU
I S
D t
a
g* ro m $
f 395
.
B
.as B

F
ERROGRAPH
'
-4 , 40 watts RMS plus clean s
ound
A
ltoad .
]
f
ro m E
ngland
. ly $
On 255.

.
8 J
ORGEN
1
0 watts RMS
, $
79. A
stound
ing
F
requen
cy r
e
spon
se y s B
i
as c
u
rren
t ,
v
alue
.
I
T
T - 1- T Y rrr n r -- 1-t
•LL
111
11
1
00H
AAN/ I

S
pec
ial I
n
troduc
tory O
f
fer T
APE D
ECKS
:
S
END f
or S
AMPLES T
EAC
7
010 Professional 10" s
poo
ls.

P
OST F
REE c
hangeab
mote p
le h
lay
ead a
-record
sse mb
-auto r
ly, f
ull r
everse bo
e
•
th
C
heque
, P
osta
l N
ote
, Money O
rder
. T
he RABCO c ompany o f Ma ryland U SA d
irec
tions, M EL
h
ave i ntroduced as t
raigh t li
ne t one arm t hat
C
ASSETTE: t
r
ack s ar ecord in t
he s ame w ay t h
a t i twas F
ERROGRAPH
C60 —$3
.50, C
90 —$4
.50 c
ut.
P
rofessional 700 ser
ies
, u
nique
s
peed c ontrol
, r ecord a nd e
dit
ing
R
EEL TAPE: 7
" -1200
' — $8
.20 Designa ted t he S T-4 t h
e m anuf acturers f
aci
lit
ies. Fro m $ 735
.
7
" -1800
' —$10
.90 c
l
aim z ero t r
ack
ing e rror (servo c ontro l
led),
a
bil
i ty t o t r
ack a t 1 /
3rd. g ram w ith a ny R
ECORD P
LAYERS
:
S
UPER D
YNAM
IC T
A
PE c
artridge , s imp
le b a
lance a nd t racking
T
EAC
a
dju stmen ts, and a utoma t
ic e nd-of -record Magnaf
loat ( Magne
tic Bear ) d
ings ia•
l
i
ft. mond c ar
tr , $
idge 289
.
The t one arm i so ffe
red c omp lete w ith a
T
OSH
IBA—PHOTOCEL
L HEAD

SD
t
urn tab le c l
aimed b y RABCO t o h ave l e
ss
' M K C A S S ETT
Ill
P
layer c
o mp
lete w
ith p
re-a mp
..
t
han 0 .08% wow a nd f l
utter, rumb le o fle
ss $
470
.
— _ •- •—
.
I
D- t
han - 60dB .T he tu
rn table isdriven b y ab e
lt
15 C
:
t 7
d
rive s ystem p owe red b - ah ysterisis type T
OSH
IBA-
1
.C. HEAD
0 T OK T A
IP E
I -
--
-
.
P
layer j
ust a
rrived
, $
250
.
s
ynch ronous mo tor. •
N
ame T
ECHNOCENTRE S
ERV
ICE
S
t
ree
t We s
deck f
et up y
or t
he c
our t ape r
orrect b
ecorder o
ias to g
ive y
r
ou
opt
i mu m f ro m t he t ape y ou u se.
C
i
ty .S
tate I
t w i
ll b e like a n e w machine when
set up f or T DK-SD t ape
. A ll repairs
and s ervice f or H i-Fl equ
ip ment.
CONVOY I MPORTS
D
ivis
ion
o
f Convoy I
n
ternat
iona
l P
/L.
,
C
nr. Maclean a
nd Plunkett S
treets 'OR SO U N D SA I
SSF AC T
i• N
Wool
loomoo
loo. 2011
I
N
TERNA
TIONA
L P
T
Y. L
T
O.
,
Trade e
nquir
ies
:
N
ow a
tC n
r. Pl
unket
t 3 .M
aclean St
ree
ts, •
T
elephone Sydney 357-2444 WOOLLOOM001.00, SYDNEY
.
P
hone
: 3 5
72 4
44.

8
9
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
W e2? 4 $ S S Save
rs,/
IR 1
06 -LO W COST
P
LAST
IC S.C
.R.
T
hese d
evice
s r
equ
ire a max
imum t
r
igge
r c
urrent o
f 2
00 m
icroamps t
o
s
witch 4 amp RMS l
o
ads
. T
he I
R106 w
il
l o
pera
te d
i
rec
tly f
rom l
ow
s
i
gna
l s
enso
rs s
uch a
s t
herm
istor
s a
nd p
hoto c
onduc
tive c
e
lls
.

+
12V

1
00K 2
2011 T
.
]
L
TYP
ICAL
• APPL
ICAT
ION
R
4

BURGLAR
NOR MALLY
CLOSE D 2
CONTACTS 0.1

ALARM SYSTEM
.
1
• •
•=1
. 1•••
••••

I
R2160- LO W MEU 2
1 MEU 2
2
COST P
LAST
IC U.J.T
. LO W COST P U
.T
.
T
hese n ewly d eveloped d ev
ices
A good g ene ra
l p urpose o
ffer m any a dvantages over c
on-
UJT for switching S CR'S v
entional U JT'S. T he MEU21 i s
s
uch as the I R
106 s e
ries
. f
or g eneral use whe re the low
O
the rapplications in
clude p
eak p oint cur
rent of the MEU22
t
imers
, osc
il
lators a nd i
s n o
t e ssen
tial
. App licat
ions in
-
s
witching c i
rcuits
. c
lude t imers
, p hase c ont
rol and
r
e
laxa t
ion o sci
llators
.

• ADELA
IDE 5
6 7
333 • N
E WCASTLE 6
1-4077

t
r
y
• B
RISBANE 5
1 5
121 • P
ERTH 8
-4131

W
ARB
URT
ON F
R
ANK
I
• HOBART 2
3 1
841
• S
YDNEY 6
48-1711
• L
AUNCESTON 3
1-3300
• MELBOURNE 6
9-0
151 • WOLLONGONG 2
-5444

• MOUNT GAMB
IER 2
-3841 • WHYALLA 4
5-0216

WF0521

90 ELECT R O NICS TO D A Y — JU LY 1
971
C
OMPONENT N
EWS
G
IGAHERTZ G
UNN B
RIDGE R
ECT
IFIER 2
5 AMPS
F
ai rchild P ty. l td
. a nnounce a n ew s e
ries o f G unn d iodes w hich
c
onve rt d c p owe r t o microwave e nergy a nd a re tunab le from 8 .2
GHz t o 1 2
.4GHz .
A
lso a vai
lab le a re X-Band G unn F lange S ources a nd X -Band G unn
F
lange O sci
lla to rs
.
T
he GO ( X)-110 X -Band g unn f lange s ou rce p rovides s imp le
b
uild ing b locks f or v irtual
ly a l m edium a nd l ower p owe r
a
pp lica t
ion s i n X -Band. T he basic f lange b ody i sd esigned t o m ate
w
ith s tanda rd X -Band s y
stems a nd p rovide s ar ugged d iode h ousing ,
al ow p ass f i
lter, a DC b ias netwo rk , an efficient h eat sink
, a nd a n
RF i mpedance m atching n etwo rk.
The GEO ( X)-100 a nd GEO ( X
)-110 s er
ies G unn f l
ange oscillato rs
a
re t he f i
rst m icrowave p owe r s ources i n t he i ndustry w i
th
f
ie
ld - replaceab le g unn d evices. T his f eatu re s hou ld e lim ina te
down -time d ue t of a
ilure ofm ic rowave p owe r sources.
App lications i nclude l ocal o sci
l lato r
s, l ow p owe r t r
ansm itter s
,
dopp le r r ada r, X -Band m icrowave s weepe rs, c ommun ica tion
s
ystems , e duca tional m icrowave s ets
, i n
tru s
ion d etection, a mateu r
r
adio g ear a nd e xperimen tal test sets.
Deta i
ls f rom F a
irchild A us
tra l
ia, 4 20 Moun t D andenong R oad,
C
roydon , Vic. 3 136 .

An ew b r
idge r ect
ifier from S oanar Elect
ronics c
an be ra
ted at2 5
amps i n
to ar es
istive load w hen moun ted on asu
itable h
eat si
nk.
N
EW D
IGITAL P
ANEL M
ETERS Two mode ls a re available — t he E B 25/200 w hich ha
s ap eak
r
epe t
itive reverse voltage r a
ting of2 00V ., a
nd th
e E B 10
/400 w hich
i
sr a
ted f o
r4 00V . peak reverse.
Fu
ll deta
ilsf rom S oana rE lect
ron icsPty. Ltd
., 30
-32 Lexton R oad,
Box H i
ll. V
ic. 3 128.

G
REEN F
LUORESCENT I
NDICATOR L
AMP
A new r elease f r
om P lessey i s acold c a
thode flut
ares cen t g
reen
c
o
lou r ind
ica tor lamp d esigned f or comp lementary o peration with
t
he s
tandard r ed neon lamps .
De
signated RF6 -G i tgives ab right, br
il
liantgreen indica t
ion when
u
sed in c onjunc t
ion w i
th t he t ype B NG c l
ear cl
ip-in l ens
. It i
s
c
l
aimed t oh ave ar ated li
gh t outpu t o
f 16 L ux a
t adesign c urren
t of
1
.
5 mA a c
.
Fu
ll detai
l s fr
om P l
essey D ucon P ty
. L td. P
.O. Box 2 ,V illawood,
S
ch lumberge r h ave r e
lea sed a r ange o f industrial d igital panel N
SW . 2163.
m
ete rs featuring r e
pa i
rable ( non-po tted ) ci
rcuit boards, o verranging,
o
utstanding n oise r e
ject
ion , compac t f unctional styl
ing a nd front
p
anel moun ting.
Taking a dvantage o f logic a nd d ua
l s l
ope c i
rcui
try ( p
ionee red and L
IGHT E
MITT
ING D
IODES
p
aten ted b y Weston ) most a re avai
lab le w i
th B CD o utput a nd can be F
airchild P ty
. L td. have r e
leased t wo new l ight em itt
ing diodes.
c
oup led t o s tandard t ransduce rs f or p recise r eading o f a ny
B
oth, o f the G aAsP t ype, are o n ap l
as t
ic TO18 h eader and e m
it red
e
nginee r
ing u nit. l
i
ght i nt h
e 6 30 t o6 90 nM r e g
ion.
Mode ls can read v o
ltage, c urrent resistance and t empera tu re.
The f i
rst
, t he F LV100 , typ ically e mits 1500 f oot lambe rts o
ver a
Full d etai
ls f rom S chlumbe rger I nstrumen tat
ion A ustra l
ia Pty.
1
60 0 v i
ew ing a ngle. T h
is d iode i ss u
ited for use w ith si
l
icon sensors
L
td., 12 H igh S t
. S outh K ew , Vic
. 3 101. o
ra pp l
ication sw here max imum b rightness isrequ ired.
T
he s econd h as an on-gla re f ro
sted l en
s giving a s emi-spot e
ffect
v
i
ewab le o ver a n a ng
le g rea ter than 1 80 0 .The F LV 1 01 isuseful
where directv iew ing o f an on -g
lare o u
te r s
urface i srequi
red.
D
etails f r
om F a
irchild P ty
. L td
., 4 20 M t. D andenong R d
.,
T
WO N
EW S
TORES C
roydon , Vic. 3 136.
E
dge E lec tric a nnounce t he o pen ing o f t heir n ew s tore at 25A
D
u rwood R oad . D urwood , N SW . 2134 .
They w ill be s pecialis
ing i nelectron ic parts a nd e quipmen t.
Af u
ll range o fs em i
-conduc to r device s
, resisto rs
, c apacitors, v
a
lves, W
IRE WRAPPABLE S
OCKET
t
e
s t e quipmen t
, s w
itche s ( rotary, s l
ider, t ogg le. e t
c.), tapes
, a nd M
cMurdo ( Aus tra l
ia) P ty. L td. have a nnounced t he J e
rmyn
c
assettes are o n d isplay. A23-2024 w ire w rappab le s ocket w h
ich a ccommoda tes I .C
.s and
T
hey a l
so s tock a l Elect ronics T oday 's kitsets. o
ther dev ices in 16 l ead packages.
An ew c omponen t service f o
r b oth t r
ade a nd h obb iest isoffe
red T
he s o cket mou lded i n gla
ss l o
aded n ylon A 190 , isf i
tted w i
th
b
y D ick Sm ith ( Who lesale) P ty. Ltd . g
old plated p re
- tens ioned d ouble wiperb l
ade c ontacts.
T
he c ompany w ill be s tocking a l t ypes o f e lectronic c omponen ts T
erm ina l posts a re standard 0.025 i n
. square and p rovide ove r0.5
i
ncluding s pecialised s em i-conduc tor s
, w hich a re n ot n ormally i
n
. o fw rapp ing le ngth.
a
vailable t ot he h obb iest a nd smallq uan t
ity p urcha ser. Moulded e xten sions t o the b ody h o
ld t he t e
rm inals r i
gidly in
Once e stablished , D ick Sm ith w ill b e ma rke t
ing a f ul
l range of pos
ition f or automa t
ic w ire wrapping. These e x
tension s a l
so enable
k
itsets for al E lec tronics T oday pro jec t a
rticles. t
he socke t tob e p ress-f
itted tot he board ifrequired.
Amp le c a
r p arking i sprov ided a t t he rear o f t he prem ises a
nd the The o veral
l d imens ions o f le
ss than 0.8 in. x0 .4 i n
. allow close
b
us iness w i
ll b e open f ive a nd ah alf d ays aw eek . p
ack ing o n 0.1 in
. m atrix
.
Contact D ick Sm ith ( Wholesale ) Pty . Ltd., 1 0 A tchison St., St
. Ful
l d etails from M cMurdo ( Aust) P
ty. Ltd., 17-21 C ar
inish R d
.,
C
lay ton,V ictoria. 3 i68.
Leona rds, N SW .

9
1
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
 E
QUIPMENT N
EWS
A
USTRAL
IAN-MADE
R
EGULATED S
UPPLY
A
PO A
PPROVED P
OWER S
UPPLY

R
EGULATED B
ATTERY
VO
LTASI 1
1 =70.

•i
f

I
S •
P
S
I
NPUT HO
A
LP F
LECTPOM
IC I
0V11•
1110 C
.

A NEW regu
lated p ower supply
, d esigned p
re-se t c u
rren t
, i t o perates i n ac onstant
LATEST r egulated powe r supply from A&R a
nd made i
n A ustral
ia, h
as been r
eleased by c
urren t mode w ith f old b ack c urrent
E
lectron ic E quipmen t i s double insulated A
uriema (
Australasia) P
ty. L
td.,M elbou rne
. l
imiting. C ur
ren t l imit
ing i sa u
toma t
ically
a
nd m eets fu
ll requiremen ts ofthe new A PO The mode l PS 1 200A i s m
ade b y p age r
eset u pon r e
stora t
ion o f n orma l l oad
r
egulations. R
adio S ys
tems, of Melbou
rne. Itprovides a c
ond itions. T he o utput m ay b e s hort
The n ew u nit, d
e s
ignated P S 104 DI, has c
onstant o u
tput vo
ltage over th
e 9t o 1 6 c
i
rcu ited i
ndefinitely a nd r e covery i s
s
e
lec table o utputs of4.5V ,6 V, 7
.5V,9 V
,o r a
utoma tic.
v
o
lt range, up t
o amaximum l o
ad current of
I2V d c a t0.5A . Regulation i sapprox. 10<
,' 1
5 a mps
. T
he re areb oth c oarse and f i
ne c ontro l
s for
o
n t he 1 2 v o
lt range and .5 % on a l other
o
utpu t vo
ltage va r
ia t
ion. E xtruded h eatsinks
r
ange s
: R ipple isle
ss than 1 00mV r m
s. I
t was d es
igned part
icular
ly f o
r u se i
n
o
n t he r e
ar pane ld iss
ipate h eatg ene rated in
Details f r
om A&R E lectronic E quipmen t l
aboratory bench t
es
ting, and t
he tes
ting o
f
t
he u nit
's four regula t
ing t r
ansistor s
.
C
o. P ty. Ltd., 3 2 Lexton R d
. Box Hill
, Vic. mobile r
ad
io t r
ansm
ittersand re
ceivers
.
D
etails f rom A u
riema ( Australasia) P ty.
3
128 . O
nce t
he u
ni
t r
e
aches t
he m
aximum L
td., 6 3 lnkerman S t
. St. Kilda, V ic. 3182 .

DATA MODEM F
OR
'
HANDS-OFF
' O
PERAT
ION
N
EW E
LECTROMETERS N
ew e
l
ect
romete
rs (
PA.R
.
)

RACAL -M ILGO a nnounce t h

e i n
troduc tion
o
f t
he ir Mode m 4500 /48 which
s
imu ltaneou sly t ransm i ts a nd r eceiv es d ata
at as peed o f4 800 b its/sec . Itw ase xh ib ited
f
or t he f i
rst t ime a t D a
taf a
ir 7 1 i n
N ottingham .
The d ata modem i sd esigned p r
ima r
ily f or
u
s e i n c ondition s w here l i
ne c ha rac te ristic s
c
an v ary a nd c on tains a n adap tive e qua lize r
w h
ich au
toma tically a
nd continuou sly
a
dju sts f or c hanges i n l ine c ha rac te ristic s,
p
rov id ing r e
liable , ' h
ands -off'o pera tion .
This modem h as a w ide r a nge o f
a
pp lica tions i nclud ing p oint -
to -po in t d ata
l
inks w hich a re s ub ject t o line c harac te r
is tic
c
hange s, d ata c ommun ication l inks f or
u
na ttended o pe rat ion, b u
lk d a
ta t ran sf er t o
and f rom h igh s peed t erm ina ls, a nd f or u se
A NE W L INE o f mu lti
-pu rpo se, mu lt
i-range s
ou rces. A c omp lete l ine o f a
ccessories i s
e
lectrome ters p e rmitting p recise, s t
able with t ime d ivi s
ion mu ltip lexer s s uch a s t he
a
vailable i
nc
lud ing s
pecial a
ttenua tor Raca l-M ilgo MC -70 .
measu remen ts o f low a mpl
itude d cv ol
tage s
, p
robe s, g uarded t es
t b oxes a nd r es
istivity
c
urren ts a nd c harges w i
thou t s i
gnificant R
aca l-M ilgo Modem 4 500 /48 r equ ire s a
c
hambe rs. bandw idth f rom 5 00Hz t o 2 900Hz a nd
s
ource l oading h as b een a nnounced b y PAR e lect
rome ters m ay b e obta
ined w ith
P
rince ton App l
ied R esearch C orporation. opera tes s ynch ronous ly, u sing a mp litude
a
n i npu t c u
rren t s upp ression o pt
ion , a
The l i
ne consists o f th
e P AR Mode l 1 34 ac modu la ted t echn iques . I ti sd esigned f or u se
v
ar iable c
onstan t-curren t s
upply f
or i
nf ou rw ire a pplica tions. Modem 4 500 /48 i s
l
i
ne-powered e lec trome ter, t he Mode l 1 35 r
e
s istance m easu remen ts, a nd/or w ith a
b
atte ry-powe red el
ectrome te r, a nd t
he a
lso a vailab le i nd ual 2 400 b p s fo rm ,w hich
v
ariable m eter d amp ing o p
tion. MN Iel 135 e
nab le s t he o pera tion o f t wo i ndependen t
Mode l 136 digitald isplay e l
ect rome ter. m
ay a lso b e o rde red w ith 1 0" o hm
I
n
s trumen ts i n t he n ew l i
ne m ay a l
so b e 2
400 b ps d ata s tream s o ver a s i
ng le d ata
c
ase-to-ground i nsulation .
u
sed a s ohme te rs, curren t s ources, a nd as l
i
nk , w ith o bviou s i mp rovemen t i n l ine
D
e ta
ils fr
om T ecnico E l ectronicsP ty. Ltd., e
conomy .
a
nalogue amp lifier s c
apab le ofm atching l ow 5
3 C a
rrington R d. M arr
ickville
, N .S.W .
i
mpedance c ircuits t o high i mp edance s i
gnal 2
204 . De
tails fr
om Racal E
lec
tron
ics Pty
. Ltd
.,
4
7 Talave
ra Rd
., North R
yde, N
.S.W. 2
113.
9
2
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
S
TIMULUS I
SOLATOR
A S1I NIULUS I SOLATOR f r
om T ektron ix
p
rov ide s t
rue p
hys io logical st
imu lus
i
s
olation w hich p erm its t r
ue d ifferen tial
s
t
imu la t
ion .
The u ni
t i s a t r
i-stab le p ulse gene rato r,
w
ith t
he p
ulse p
ola r
ity a
nd t
iming
d
eterm ined b y t he i npu t s ignal, s upplied
f
rom a 2 6G3 p u l
se g enerator o r o ther
s
u
itab le s ou rce. T he o utput i s h ighly
i
s
olated f r
om t he inpu t, b oth c onduc tively
a
nd c apacitively, a nd e ach p olarity i s
i
ndependen tly v ariable a nd c ont
inuou sly
c
a
libra ted t hrough t hree r ange s
: 0t o ±3 00
mA, 0t o± 3 mA , and 0 t o± 30 mA .
D
etails f rom T ektron ix P ty. Ltd .
, 8 0
Water
loo R d., N orth R yde ,N .S.W . 2113 .

U
LTRA
-COMPACT U
HF R
ADIO
P
LESSEY E lec tron ics, t he M elbou rne-based
m
anuf ac ture rs a nnounce t he r elease o f a
n
ew r
ange o
f UHF t
wo -way r
adio
c
ommun ications e qu ipmen t. S
t
imu
lus I
s
ola
tor (
Tekt
ron
ix)
.
The co mp le tely s
ol
id -
state mobile
t
r
ansm it ter/rece ive r w ith 1 0 channe ls a nd 5
w
atts RF o u
tpu t i sc la
imed t o m eet t h e 1
3.5 t o 1
9.2 i
n
. wide,d epending on number H
YGROMETER HAS
h
ighes t s tandard s o f p erformance a nd o
f s tages
. T hey a re s ui
table f or rack
r
e
liab il
i ty. mounting or f
r
ee-s
tanding applica
tion.
D
IGITAL R
EADOUT
The e quipmen t c ase c ontains s epara te D
etai
ls from GEC -E
lliot
t A utoma t
ion P
ty. A N l.A1 h ygrome te r d eve loped b y aB ritish
t
r
an sm i tter a nd r eceiver p rinted c i
rcu it L
td.. 3 73 H o
rsley R d., Milperr
a, N.S.W. f
i
rm has d
ig
i tal r
eadou t
, and i
t
s
b
oards , l a
id o ut f or e ase o f m aintenance . 1 14. mea suremen t o fr elative h um idity i sc laimed
Manua l c on trolso n t he front p ane l inc
lude a t
ob e a ccu ra te t ow ith in 20C . Dewpo in t.
c
hanne l s e
lec to r s witch w hich i s om i
tted i n S
ui tab le f or a i
r, g ase s o r l i
quids, i n clud ing
s
i
ng le-channe l mode ls
. T he e qu ipmen t i s T
IME S
CALE G
ENERATOR s
o
lven ts a nd o i
ls, i ti sa vailable i n r a nge s
e
xtreme ly f lexib le a nd m any o ptiona l T
HE COMARK t ime s cale g ene rato r T ype which t oge ther c ove r t he w hole f ield o f
f
aci
li t
ie sa re a vailab le. 1
401 p rov ides a' rule s cale ' t
im ing w avefo rm h
um idity m easuremen t , f rom I p .p .m . t o
C
omp lete a nc i
lla ry e quipmen t i savailab le t
h
rough a f ully a c
tive o utput s tage o ve r t he 9
0 0C . D ewpo int. I t i sf ast-acting, r esponse
f
or c on trol p urpo ses. P hysical d imens ions r
ange f rom I m ic ro second t o 1 0 s e conds t
ime b eing t ypically l e
s s t han as econd . I ti s
a
re 7 " x5 " x2 ". w
ith ac la
imed a ccu racy o f0.005 `
);. a
l
so i ndependen t o f f low w ith in t he
D
e tails f rom P lessey E lec tron ic
s P ty . The o ption o f t h ree s imu ltaneous ly measu red m edium , a nd c an t herefo re b e
L
im ited , 9 1 Mu rphy S t. R ichmond , V ic. a
vailab le w avefo rms m ake s t he i nstrumen t u
sed e ffec tive ly even i nc l osed systems .
3
121. e
qua lly u seful t o c alib ra te a t ime b ase , o r The h yg rome ter's s enso r,w hich c an b e a ny
mark r eal t ime o n c athode r ay o scillo scope s, o
ne o f s e vera l types d if fering i ns e nsit ivi ty
magne t ic a nd U -V r e co rde rsa nd o the rd irec t a
nd p hys ical c ha racter is tic s f o
r d if fe ren t
'
ANT
I-BOUNCE
' C
OUNTERS w
rit ing o rv isuala pp lica tions. a
pp licat ions , i s as mall p robe t hat o pe rates
AN ANT I-BOUNCL c i
rcu i
t % Ouch a lows The r
ule s
cale wavefo rm c omp rises o
n t he v ar
iab le-capac i tance p rinc ip le . I t
s
a
ctua tion b y c on tac ts, m icro switches o r e
qu i-spaced r e ctangu lar p ulses o f t hree s
ensing e l emen t i ncluded aw ire c oa ted w i th
r
eed s wi
tches i si n co rpo ra ted i n ar ange o f d
istinc t a mp li
tudes , e ve ry f i
fth a nd t enth ah ygro scop ic d ielec tric l ayer, w hich i t
self
a
dvanced e l
ec tron ic c oun ters a nd b atch b
eing a ccen tua ted w ithou t c
hange o f h
as a p ermeab le c oa ting o f 24-ca ra t g old.
c
oun ters, w ith o r w i thou t p r
e -batch a nd d
u ra t
ion . A n 8 -pos ition s w
itch s e
lec ts t he T
he c apac itance o ft he d ielectric l aye r v a ries
b
atch ing t otalize r f acilities , for l abo ra to ry s
cale b y s pec ify ing t he l e
as t s ign ifican t w
ith v aria t ion s inh um id i ty .
a
nd i ndu s
trial u se. i
nte rval. The i n strumen t g i
ve s ad irect indica tion o f
Comp lete w ith e lec trica l s upp lie s f o
r The u nsea led o u tpu ts a re 1 :1 m ark s pace r
e
la tive h um idity i n p arts p er m illion o r
r
atio p uls es f rom s e ven s epa ra te o utpu ts d
ewpo in t. N o conve rsion o r adjus tmen t i s
pho toelec tric i npu t, a l u nits a re a vailab le
w
ith p eriods f rom 1 m icro second t o 1 n
eeded . T he i n
strumen t h as t wo c on tro ls,
w
ith 1 t o 6s tage d igita l o utput . S tanda rd
b
a tch c oun ters g ive a m ax imum c oun t o f s
econd . T he s qua re -wave o utpu t h as a I :1 o
ne f or o n/of f and t he o the r for a ccu racy
999 ,999 a t up t o 1 00 KHz , with m ax imum ma rk:space r a
t io a nd a n i n
te rval o f t en c
hecks . T he c able l inking s e nso r a nd
b
a tch ing s peed 5 p er s econd . M ax imum t
imes t h e p er
iod i ndica ted b y t he s elec to r i
nstrumen t i sc oax ial t o a void s t
ray p ick -up
switch . Af ully a c t
ive o u
tpu t s tage g ives a o
f m ains v oltage. I t m ay b e u p t o 1 00
coun ting s peed o fc oun te rs i s1 MHz .
r
i
se t ime o f 4 0 n ano seconds a nd a d elay metres l ong .
B
atch c oun te rs a re p rov ided w ith as ingle
t
ime o f s ignifican t f a
ll
ing e dge o f 3 0 The i ns trumen t i sd esigned t o w iths tand
s
olid -state o utpu t o f u p t o 150mA a t 2 4V
n
ano seconds f or e xce llen t t ime d ef
in ition . r
e
la tive ly r
ough u
s age in i
n dus trial
dc, o perating a t t h e b atch c oun t f or
A
ll o utpu ts m ay b e e nab led b y as i
gna l o n c
ond it
ion s.
app rox ima tely 1 00 m ill
isecond s. Whe re a
p
re-ba tch f acility i s i ncluded , a s econd t
h e c on tro l s ocke t a nd a r
e t hen i n
i tiated Details f rom N oe l P.H un t &C o. P ty . L td .
,
w
i th in 1 .1 m ic ro seconds , t hus s imp lify ing I
-11 H awke S t.. M elbou rne . Vic. 3 000 .
o
u tpu t i sprov ided w hich o perates a t t he
r
e co rd a nalys is b y t im ing f rom a p resc ribed
p
re-ba tch c oun t
.
The o utpu t s i
gna l c an b e used f or av ar
ie ty occu rrence . A
UTOMAT
IC D
IGITAL B
RIDGE
The i nterna l IMHz r eference c an b e
o
f t he m anuf actu re rs' c on trols t o give r elay BRITISH e l
ectronic
s m anuf ac
tu rer k.
,:
, li
e
opera t
ion , d c o r a c s t
a tic s witch ing , a nd r
eplaced b y a n e xte rna l c lock s igna l f o
r
i
ncrea sed a ccu racy o r t o pe rm i t g ene ration Ke
rr h a
s j ust r
e
leased a n ew ( 1
.1 -;
v
ariou s d e
layed o r t imed s equences . O ther 4
-quadrant a u
toma t
ic d ig
ital b r
idge w i
th
d
ev ice s inc ommon i ndu s trial use can b e f ed o
f l ong t ime p eriods . Two i nstrumen ts , us ed
i
n c ascade , w ill g ene ra te p eriods u p t o 1 08 t
win di
splays re
ading u
p to 19999 .
f
r om t he batch c oun te rs. Itisdi
rect-
reading inte
rms o fc apac
itance,
Availab le f or o pe ration f rom e i
the r 10 s
econds .
D
etai l
s f r om J a coby M itche ll P ty . L td ., i
nductance, conductance, r es
istance, loss
volt or 2 40 v olt m ain ss upp ly ( 60 o r 5 0 H z
), f
acto
r a nd Q . I n a ddit
ion t o t hese
units a re 7.5 i n. d eep , 4 .1 i n
. high a nd f rom 469 K en t S t.
,S ydney , N .S.W . 2 000 .

9
3
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — JULY 1
971
 L J

4
1
•0•
1•0
1
1.
J
L

.
1 T
l
P R E OL
IE N C Y C O UN
I TIE R

G. S
S W S ON tMO G
I r
tnloDs
S
INS
ITIv
ITV I
NPUT •
a p f .- MN NE

1
•41,
14s

g
S
I IN N/
Ss

: I I *Is I
O N Ng
S
1
0
.6
.
g
_
CMS C
W IN I
C UT . p
6

F
requency c
oun
ter p
lug
-in modu e t
ype 5
040 a
nd b
asic ma
in f
r
ame t
ype 5
01

5 D EN TAL V OLT ME T E R
k
m
e

I
• V
•

rs avi
t e ckr
e4 c

DVM p
lug
-in modu
le t
ype 5
0410

Modu
lar c
ons
truc
tion e
nab
les t
he N
atron
ic 5
00 s
eries o
f d
igi
tal
i
nstru men
ts t
o b
e u
sed f
or a
ccura
te a
nd r
epea
tab
le measuremen
t
o
f alarge n
u mber o
f var
iables
. The i
nstrumen
ts a
re construc
ted a
s
abas
ic main fr
a me wi
th in
terchangeab
le plug-
in modules.
F
requency c
oun
ter p
lug
-in modu
le t
ype 5
040 a
nd b
asic ma
in f
r
ame
t
ype 501 c
omb ine t
o f
orm a 1
00MHz frequency c
oun
ter w
ith f
aci
lit
ies
f
or p
eriod tim
ing and even
t coun
ting
.
DVM p
lug -in modu
le type 5 0410 a nd b asic main fra me t
ype 5 01
combine t
o f orm a high
ly a ccurate i ntegra t
ing d ig
ital voltmeter.
P
rinc
ipal f
eatures of t
he instru ment include e xcellent zero stab
ili
ty,
0
.02 % a
ccuracy mainta
ined o ver a wide t e mperature r
ange a nd good
r
ejec
tion o
f common a nd s er
ies mode i nterference.

A ma
in fra me w
ith bo
th plug
-ins ava
ilab
le fo
r
what y
ou wou ld nor ma
lly p
ay fo
r one ins
tru men
t.

N AT R O NI C S PTY
. L
I MI T E D
THE CRESCENT
, K
INGSGROVE
, N
.S.W
. • P
hone 5
0-0111

7
4 RA GLA N STRE ET
, PREST O N
, V
I CT ORI A
. 3
072

(
/* TH E

IR H
E Q UI P M E N T

IN D U S T R I E S
DI VI S I O N

LI M I T E D
OF

9
4
ELECTR O NICS TO DAY — JUL Y 1
971
 E
QUIPMENT N
EWS Sweep ma
rke
rgene
rator (
Wavetek
).

q
uantit
ies, either or b oth d isp
lays c an b e
u
sed as a4 -range DVM . A lso, ar ec
ip rocal
c
apaci
tance f
ac
il
ity p
rovides a l i
near
d
i
stance/readou t relat
ionsh ip f or check ing
c
apaci
tive t r
ansduce rs
. T he b r
idge. Mode l
B
900, features au
toma tic l e
ad compens at
ion
a
nd has TTL o utput.
For further i n
forma tion, c ontac
t W ayne
K
err, R oebuck R d., C hessington. S urrey,
E
ngland.

C
ONSTANT V
OLTAGE
T
RANSFORMERS

;
S
WEEP MARKER G
ENERATOR a
dded t o t he v ert
ica l a xis a s s harp,
ROM c
ome s t h e a nnouncemen t d
ifferentiated p ulses. U se o f a n i n
te rnal
t
ha t a n ew l i
ne o f n a
r row -band s weep j
umpe r wire a lows t h e m a rke rs t o s hut o ff
ma rke r g ene rato rs isa vailable f rom W avetek o
r ' b
lank ' t he s weep o scil
la to r c oinc iden tal
I
nd iana , Inc. w
ith t he m arke r f requency . M a rke rw id th i s
C
ons
tant v
ol
tage t
r
ans
forme
r.
The se 1
312 S
eries i
n
strumen ts ar
e a
lways a pp rox ima tely 1 /100 o f t he s cope
a
l- solid -state a nd p rov ide s t
ab le o p eration d
isplay, p rov id ing a s harp, r e adab le m a rker
THE NO ISE s usceptibil
ity o fm any types of f
rom e
l
ec tron ically t
uned and s wep t
d
igita l e
quipmen t h
as b
een l
a
rgely a
tb andw id th so f5 0 k Hz o r 2 4 MHz .
o
sc il
la to rs. T he g enera tors e mploy n arrow , T
he 1 312 S eries a l
so p rov ides 7 9 d B in
r
espons ible f or t he i ncrease i n sa
les o f
c
rys ta l-con t rolled p ulse-type m arker s s ince s
teps o f 3,6 . 1 0, 2 0
, 2 0 and 2 0;p lu se ither
c
ons tan t v ol
tage t ransforme rs, for —u nlike
t
he n orma l b irdy -
type m arke rs a re u nusab le 2
0 o r 3 0 d B o f v a r
iab le a t
tenua tion,
o
the r t ypes o f v o
ltage r e
gu la
to rs • CVT s
f
or e xtreme ly n arrow b andw id ths. T he 1 3 12 r
educ ing i ts I -vol t r ms o utpu t. Twen ty o r
h
ave e xcellent t r
ansient supp ression.
S
e ries m arke r s a r
c d erived f rom u nique 3
0 d B of t h
is a ttenua tion i sp rov ided b y an
A n ew r ange o f CVT s r ated f rom 6 0 to
c
rys ta l-fil
te r c
i
rcu its u
sing i
nexpens ive e
lectronic at enua to ru sing P .I.N . d iode s i na
1
000 VA h ave b een i ntroduced b y A&R
quar tz c r ystals. T he t ype o f c i
rcu itry c
losed -
loop l evelling s y stem . T his p rovides a
T
ran sfo rme rs Pty . Ltd. T hes e CVT s provide
p
r eclude s a ny s puriou s c ry s
tal r esponses ;n o c
ons tant-sou rce i mp edance a nd s tab le cen tre
l
i
ne r egulation o f better t han ± I '
% and load
t
hre sho ld o r t r
igger-leve l c on trols a re u sed. f
requency , r e gard less o f t he s etting o f t he
r
egula tion o f ±0 .5'4
Thu s t h e m arke r
s a re s table a nd a ccu rate , a
t
tenua tor.
D
eta ils f r
om A&R T ransfo rme rsP ty. Ltd.
,
r
e gard les s o f t he s weepe r's o pera t
iona l T
he g enera to rs a re a va ilab le i n t he
3
0 L exton R d., Box H i
ll,V ic. 3128 .
p
a rame ters. f
requency r ange o ff r
om 4MHz t o 2 50 MHz ,
U p t o f i
ve m arkers m ay b e c on trolled b y a
l
though t
h e centre fr
equenc ies a
nd
i
ndiv idua l f ron t p ane l o n-off s witches a nd maximum s weep w idth s a re l imited b y t he
5
00 MHz O
SCILLOSCOPE a
re a vailab le a s positive o r nega tive 3 5
-vo lt marke r ci
rcu its .
CLA IMED b y i t
s m anuf ac ture rs t o be t he p
ulse s. T he m arker s m ay b e u sed f or For furthe r i nfo rma tion c on tact W ave tek
world 's mo st a dvanced o scilloscope s ystem , o
sc i
l loscope '
Z' axis modu lation I
ndiana , I nc., P .O . B ox 1 987 , I ndianapo lis
,
t
he 7 904 o scillo scope , 7 B92 d ual t ime b ase (
intens ificat ion o r b lank ing )
, o r m ay b e I
ndiana ,U .S .A .
a
nd 7 A19 amp lif ier a re t he l a
te s
t e xtension
o
ft h e Tek tron ix 7 000 S e rie s
.
Coup led w i th t h
e v ersatil
ity o f t he 5
00 MHz O
sci
lloscope (
Tekt
ron
ix)
.
e
s
tab l
ished 7 000 S eries p lug-ins ( twen ty

t1
i % A
kk
o
the rs a re a vailab le )
, t he 7 904 o ffers t he
h
ighes t m ainf rame a nd CRT b andw id th
a
vailab le t
oday i
n a g eneral/pu rpo se r i i s i i i , i

r
eal-t ime o scil lo scope .
D
i rec t a cces s t o t h
e CRT p rovides I- GHz
b
andw id th a t ad eflection f ac
to r o f 5V /cm .
W
i th t
he 7 A19 a mp lifier p lug-in t he
b
andw id th i s ar ema rkab le 5 00 MHz a t a
d
ef lec tion f acto r o f 1 0 mV /cm . T he 7 A19
p
rov ides a5 0 -ohm i npu t f or o ptimum s i
gna l
f
ide lity.
T he 7 904 CRT a n 8x1 0 c m.v iewing a rea
a
nd o ffers e xce llen t v isua l b rightnes s a nd
photograph ic wr
iting s
peed . 2
4-kV
a
cce lerating p oten tiala nd an ew C V d esign
• prov ide a w r iting s peed o f 1 0 c m/ns w ith
—
C
-5 I- R c ame ra, P I 1p ho spho r a nd 1 0,000
A SA f
i
lm (20 cm/ns w
ith f
ogging — L
L• •
=
^
.
enhancemen t) . A n o ptiona l CRT ( 4 x5c m
.)
and t he w ri ting r ate e nhancemen t o f
Tek tron ix' n ew f i
lm f ogging t echn ique
e
xtends w riting s peed b eyond 3 0 c m/ns.
Mo st p ho tog raph ic r equ iremen ts c an n ow
b
e m et w ith 3 000 A SA f i
lm . T he w r
i ting
s
peed r eserve m eans r educed i n
tens ity
s
ett ing s a nd i mp roved t race d ef
in i
tion . W ith
P31 p ho spho r
, t he o ptiona l CRT p rovide s
an o utstand ing m ethod o f v iewing l ow

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 MA
IL OR DER SERV
I CE
:

P
RE-P
1
11
11
P
.O. Box 131
, K
ingsgrove
. 2208
.
SALES CE NTRE -Phone 69 5922
103 Regent S
treet
, Redfern
. 2016
.
DISPOSALS CE NTRE -Phone 69 5922

e
l
ectron
ics N
i
jA
a
l
95 Regent S
C
treet
, Redfern
. 2016
.
ITY SH O WR O O M -Phone 211 2826
429 P
itt S
treet
, Sydney. 2000
.

24
* S
PEC
IAL
IZING I
N MA
IL ORDER (
AT WHOLESALE P
RICES
).
HOUR * A
LL GOODS C
AREFULLY P
ACKED - I
NVO
ICE AND ORDER F
ORMS I
NCLUDED
.
DESPATCH * O
VER 1
0,000 D
IFFERENT I
TEMS - E
X S
TOCK
. S
at
isfac
tion g
uaran
teed
.
SERV
ICE * S
END S
.A.E
. F
OR F
URTHER E
NQU
IRIES ON A
NY I
TEMS L
ISTED B
ELOW
.

_
f SINCLA
IR
1
S C O O P! AMPL
IFIERS
6 TRANSISTOR STEREO S
IXTY 7W RMS P
ER C
HANNEL
RADIO KITS C
o mp
lete
. b
ui
lt a
nd t
ested
. Amp
lif
iers 7W p
er c
hanne
l

r.
''
:
1
.
1 .
4
.4 M E

e
•••• i
,‘
,(
,r
.

f
p.
,
•
p
. Z
30 amp w ith PZ5 $
99.00
. Ii
'
.
* oW
l
imi. = Z
30 $14 .90 P
Z5 $
17.60 . ---
-
Z
50 $18 .75 P
Z8 $
26.50 E1000 Amp l
ifier 7W RMS p
er
Complete w ith all parts A
FU $26 .50 P
Z6 $
29.90
i
ncluding P .C. b oard
, s peaker, c
hanne
l, 2 0Hz - 2 5KHz s
uits
S
tereo S ixty p re
-a mp & mag car
tridge, 4 inputs
,
c
ase a nd c arry
ing c ase e tc
., contro
l u n
it . $
34.25 t
ape r
ecording o utput
.
w
ith i ns
truc t
ions. C
hass is suit Z 30 sys
tem
Spec
ial P r
ice $ 7.50. t
eak f ront p anel $
12.00 P
r
ice $
59.00
.
I

CAPAC
ITOR CO MPUTER RECORD
D
ISCHARGE I
GNIT
ION CHANGERS
G
.T
.S. L S
tat
ron
ics PANELS
.
1
7 i
C
.T .

i." .
...I-71
.

. \
: -
I ..
.
. .
.

Unconditionally g'
teed. 6 months
De luxe $39
.95 A
pprox. 9
0-100 p
arts p
er
Compe t
ition $48
.00 b
oard
. We
ll k nown make , with
Mar
ine $59
.00 cera m
ic cartr
idge $
39.00
P
re-Pak E lectronics C.D.
I. K i
t Q
ty. 1
-4 $
2.50
. P
ost 5
0c A
s a bove, mini
-changer $
34.00
c
ontains a l
l p ar
ts, easy to Q
ty. 5
-9 $
2.00
. P
ost $
1.00 -BSR Mode l MA-70 $
49.90
a
ssemb le, $ 27.75, post 50c. Q
ty. 1
0-24 $
1.80
. P
ost $
2.00 BSR Mode l MA-75 $
56.50

P
OLYTRON MODULES S
PEAKER S
YSTEMS P
OWER S
UPPLY KITS
. -...
,
I
N
TFnRATED f
r
om $ 1 5. 0 0 .
,
.,
.
..
_
.;
.
.
..
„.
p
m
_y-r
R
oN .
,
_ . -
i-
i
tt
. tz
, i
4
. , -
-
-
0 p
ictured
.
R010 RF OSC / M ixer
Module . $3
.95 P
S-3 $5
.95
1
022 I F Amp lif
ier, h igh P
S-4
s
ensit
ivity 455 KHz $7
.95 P
S-5 $6
.40
A
051 Audio Amplif
ier, P
S-1 $
27.50
200 mw, 6 v b at
tery $5
.95 1 x 8" twin-cone I 0
-20v R egu
lated a nd short ci
rcu
it
A
dd F err
ite a erial, tuning gang, 1x3
" tweeter, t
eak $
30.00 p
roo f - 4 t ransistor
, v ar
iable
v
olu me c ontrol a nd s peaker to 1 x 1
2" t w
in-cone + v
oltage a nd c urrent contro
ls,
b
uild p ower fu
l 8 -
trans istor r
adio
. 1x3
" tweeter
, teak $
40.00 a
l
l p ar
ts i nc
lud ing instruct
ions.
i
i
. _
Jr

9
6
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY - J
ULY 1
971
 E
QUIPMENT N
EWS WAYNE
l
i
ne f eed isd ischarged t h
rough a n o pt
ical
C
OMMUNICATION
r
ep
e
v
et
en i
i tion r
nh i
ate
gh amb
, u l
ien
tra -h
t l
igh f
i
gh t.
requency s i
gna l s
c
hamber
f
l
uo re
,
scen
t t
un
ifo
ubes.
rm ly i
lum inated b
y
E
LECTRON
ICS
T
hree s ymme trical
ly p laced o pt
ical u ni
ts
The CRT i sl abelled w i th d ef lec tion f a
cto rs 757 GLENFERRIE ROAD
i
nspec t particles again s
t a djustable c olour
a
nd s weep r a
tes , u nca lib ra ted a nd i n
ver t HAWTHORN , V
IC.
, 3122
r
eference b ackg round s
, c hosen t om atch the
s
ymbo ls. Vol tage , cur ren t, r
esis tance , PHONE: 81 2
818
p
redom inent c o
lour a ppea rance o f t he
t
empera tu re a
nd f
requency a
re a
lso
p
article. Signals a r
e o btained o n
ly w hen a
i
ndica ted d irec tly o n t he CRT w hen t he p
article deviates inc o
lou r from t he m a
tched R
ES
ISTORS
:I,1
, 2 WATT M
IXED
7D13 DMM a nd 7D14 d ig ital c ounte r b
ackg round . V
ALUES . $1
.50 per b
ag 1 00
.
p
lug -ins a re u sed . Ap ho to o ft he CRT g i
ves D
eta il
s from K emp ster & L ove P ty
. L td.
, WATT MIXED V
ALUES. $
2.00
t
he o pe rato r ap ermanen t r eco rd o f b oth 4
8 W ilson St.,S outh Y arra,V ic. 3141.
a
nalogue a nd d igita ld ata . p
er bag 1
00.
The 5 00 p ico second /cm s weep o f t he C
APAC
ITORS
: MICA, PAPER
,
7
B92 d ua l t ime b ase m atches t he u ltra -high
POLYESTER. M
IXED V
ALUES.
b
andw id th o f t he 7 904 m ainf rame . I t
f
eatu res t hree d isp lay modes : i ntens ified $
2.00 per bag 100.
d
elay ing sweep , de
layed sweep a
nd C
APAC
ITORS
: S
ILVER
, M
ICA
,
a
l
terna te. T he u nique a l
terna te mode a lows R
UGGED D
IGITAL P
ANEL M
ETER 7
50 vo
lt. 1
0pF t
o 1
000pF
. 5
c
s
imu ltaneou s d isp lay o f t he i nten s
ified
d
elay ing s weep a nd d elayed s weep . T rigge r e
ach
.
r
e
a
qu
t 6
i remen
00 MHz
ts a r
, 1
e 0 .5 c
00 mV w
m, i ncreas
hen e
ing t
xte
o Ic
rnal ly
m T
RANSFORMERS
: 2
40v P R
I. 17
VOLT 2 AMP S EC
. $ 3
.00 e ach
.
c
oup led . T he e xterna l t rigge r i npu ts o ffe r
e
i
the r 5 042 o r I- 12i npu t i mpedance , s witch 240v P
RI. 152 VOLT 2 00mA 4-
s
e
lec ted . C al ibra ted s weep r ate s a r e 5 00 6
.3v 5 AMP. $4
.00 each.
p
sec /cm t o0 .2 s /cm .
The 7 904 i s c ompa tib le w ith 2 2 7 000
T
EKTRON
IX O
SC
ILLOSCOPE
:
S
eries p lug -ins . A nd t h e n ew 7 A19 a nd T
ype 5 85, 8 5 MHZ w ith Type 8 2
7
1392 a re c ompa tib le w ith a l 7 0(
10 S erie s Dua
l T race P lug-In. C
o mp
le te
o
scillo scope s. I ncluded i n t h e p l ug-ins a re : w
ith P 6008 1 0xP robe a nd P 6028
two dua l-trace units, a d if feren tia l 1
xProbe a nd T ektronix 500A.
c
ompa ra to r, a n a c c ur ren t p robe a mp l
ifie r. S
cope -Mobile T ro
lley .
two 1 -11 i n pu t s ing le -
trace u nits , a1 0
-AV E
xcellent cond it
ion . P .O.A.
d
iff eren tial, al ow -capac itance I TT p robe R
ugged d
ig
ita
lpane
l me
ter (
Dig
s/
in)
.
amp lif ie r, s amp ling ( to 1 4 G if t) a nd TDR C
OMPUTER B OARDS : CONTAIN
-un
i ts, ad i g
ita l mu ltime te r a nd a 5 25 -MHz 6 VHF NPN S ILICON TRANSIS-
d
igi ta l c oun te r. B y e lectron ica l
ly s wi tching A DIG ITAL p
ane l m ete r, spec ially TORS, H
IGH SPEED DIODES,
b
etween plug -ins , t
he 7904 provides r
ugged ized a nd r esistan t t o f acto ry a nd ETC
. $ 1
.25 each
.
mea su remen t options w hich a re o nly p
roces se nvironmen ts , has b een m arke ted b y
a
va ilab le w ith 7 000 S eries o sc il
lo scopes . D
igilin I nc.,o fG lenda le.C alifo rn ia.
Othe r s ing le-beam s copes d o n ot a low t h e The n ew T ype 2 330 m ete r i sh ou sed i na
c
ast a lum inium f ront b eze l a nd e x truded
s
imu l taneou s u se o f d iffe ren t k inds o f
p
l ug -
ins i n as ingle m ainf rame . a
lum in ium c ase w hich a cts a
sa h ea ts ink ,
S
inc e t he o utpu t a mp lifie r i s i n t he e
l
im inating v ent h oles a nd s ealing t h e c ase
mainf rame , t he v e rtica l a mp l
if ier p lug-in s a
gain st c ontam inan ts. T he m ete r's p lug-in
n
eed o nly c on ta in a p reamp lifie r. T his c
i
rcu it b oa rds s l
ide i nto c hanne ls i n t h e
means t ha t t he 7 000 S erie s a mp l
ifie r u ni ts a
lum inium c asing.
a
re g ene ra lly l owe r-p riced t h an. t ho se w ith The 31/-
2 d
igit, 0 .
1% a ccu racy m ete r
co mpa rab le perfo rmance o
f fered by f
eatu res a c omp rehen sive l i
st o f s tanda rd
m anuf ac tu re rs w ho c hoo se t o p lace t he options p l us p owe r and s pace p rov isions f or
o
p tiona l e xtras, such a si nclus ion o fe xisting
comp le te v e rtica l a mplif ie r i n e ach p lug-in .
a
na logue m eter ci
rcu itry.
Deta il s f rom T ek tron ix P ty . l t
d., 8 0
W ate rloo R d., N o rth R yde , N .S .W . 2 113 . The o ptions c an b e b uilt i nto t he m ete ra t
t
he t ime o f m anuf actu re , o r t he u se r c an
a
dd t hem l a
tera sthe n eed a rises .
Q
UAL
ITY C
ONTROL MON
ITOR S
tandard f ea
tu res s uch a s h old a nd
FOOD a nd c hem ica l part icle s a re eva lua ted TTL- compa tible B CD o utpu t p lus o pt iona l
a
gains t a r ef erence b ackg round b y a n i
solated B CD o u
tpu t ( which a l
lows a t r
ue
e
lec tr on ic quality c
ontro l mon ito r f
loa ting i nput w ith i n dependen t a na logue
d
eve loped b y a B ritish c ompany . I t h as a
nd d igita l g round ) m ake t h e n ew m e
te r
a
pp lica tions i n l aborato ries, u nive rsities, part icu lar ly s
uitab le f
or s
ystems
f
ood p
roces sing, pl
as tic s a
nd o
the r a
pp lica tions . T
he f
loa t
ing i
npu t , f
or
i
ndus tries . i
nstance , p ermits t he m e ter t oa ct a sa n A /D
The p ar t
ic les a r
e i nspec ted o p
tica lly f or c
onve rte r - a s w ell a s ad isp lay d ev ice
s
urf ac e c o
lou r a gain st as e
lec ted r efe rence f
eed ing i t
s B CD o utpu t t o ac ompu te r o r
b
ackg round . T hose w hich d o n ot m atch t h
is p
rin te r w ith c omp le te elim ina tion o fg round
b
ackg round t r
igge r ac onven tiona le lec tron ic l
o op n o ise.
unit w hich c oun ts t hed ef ec ts. The c ompany c laims t ha t th e m eter 's i npu t
Partic les c an b e of a ny s hape o r size, f rom re
sis tance o f 1 000 m egohms a nd b ias
abou t 0 .07 t o 0 .3 i n
., i nclud ing c erea l
s o r curren t o f less than In anoa inp m ain ta in i t
s
sma l
l i no rgan ic p iece s, s uch a s p oly thene high a ccu racy e ven w ith m egohm s ou rces.
cube s o r m ine ral p art
icles . T he p roce ss c an Zero d rift i sel
im ina ted b y a utoma tic z e
ro
b
e i n s ma l
l b atches o r c on tinuou s
ly . W ith adju stmen t, and o ve rload p ro tec tion i s1 00
c
erea ls t he p roces sing r ate i s1 l b. p er h ou r
. t
imes r a nge ( 1000 v olts m ax imum ).
T
he s tanda rd m ach ine e mploys ab el t feed Detai
l s f rom K impex P ty. l td., 1 42
s
ystem , b u
t a lterna tives c an b e p rov ided t o H
ighbu ry R d.
, B urwood ,V ic. 3 125 .
s
uit t he s ize o f p a
rtic ic b eing h and led .
P
re-se t a l
arms o n m aximum o r m in imum
c
oun ts c an b e s upplied f or p ar ticula r
r
equ i remen ts. C oun t re
sul ts c
an be
C
OMPUTER
ISED C
LASS
IFIEDS
d
isp layed o r p rinted . RU
.CENTLY di
e D
ig
ita
l Equ
ipmen t SOLE DIST RI BUT OR
. A
. W. BA R RS-
P
a rtic le s t o b e i n
sp ec ted a r e f ed f rom a Corpo ra
tion a
nnounced a
n a
dvanced
99 Cro wn S
t.. Sydney (
31 0671). 70 P
lfr
ICOS H
igh waY
.
smal l h oppe r v ia av ibra to ry f eeder o nto a s
of
twa re package for compi
ling n
ewspaper Arnc
liffe (59 2394). 208 Pac
ific H igh way
. Hornsby

sp
ira l u n
it, d riven f rom t he f eed b elt. T hey c
la
s s
ified adver
tisements
. 1
476 1 8281 368 King S t.
. Ne wca
stle (
2 4422
) (A
ll
s
tores open a
i
l day Saturdays)
.
are d epo sited o n the b elt a tb elt-speed ,w ith (
Cont
inued o
npage 9
9)
m
in imum d is turbanc e. T he e ssential ly s ingle
9
7
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY - J
ULY 1
971
 N
EW P
R
ODU
CT
T
Y
PE 1
8
55
U
0
u

U
N
I
VER
SAL C
O
UNT
ER
B
Y T
YP
E 1
:

F
R
EQU
ENCY C
O
UNT
ER
\
S
IKE
R E
L
ECT
RON
ICS $
1
40 F
(
O
R T
YP
E 5
50MHz F
O
F
requency C
ounte
r)

FEATURES:
• F
requency 1 0Hz t o 1 85MHz .
• H
igh i nput s ensitiv
ity.
• F
ast w arm u p o ven c ontrolled
5MHz s tandard .
• 7d igi
t l atched d isplay w ith
f
ast s tore t ransfer. A,
)
•
"
"

• E
xcellen t s erviceabil
ity b y l
o
p As
._
p
lug-in c ircuit b oards. A
. 44r t it
• 6 mon th g uaran tee.
• D
esigned a nd m anufac tured
i
n A ustralia.
• C
heapes t c oun ter of i ts class
i
n A ustral
ia .

Y
UNKER E
LECTRON
ICS
757 GLENFERRIE ROAD
, HAWTHORN
, V
IC.
, 3
122
PHONE: 81 2
818

PRESENTS ...

J
VC DELUXE SEPARATE STEREO CO MPONENTS
F
EATUR
ING EXC
ITING S
.E.A
. SYSTE M & SUPERB STYL
ING
N
IVICO

5220 TUR NTA BLE 5010 A MPL

IFIER 5320 SPEAKER
T
he 5
220 i
s c
o mp
lete w
ith A
utoma
tic R
e• Unt
il n ow t here were p lenty o f r ece ivers Mode l 5 320 i s af ul
l range 3 -way s peaker
on t he marke t i n t he 4 0 wa tt r ange.
t
urn a
nd A
uto mat
ic C
ut-o
ff mechan
is ms
. syste m c onsist ing o f an 8 " woo fer, a3 f"
But there wasn 't o ne t o e nable t he t rue
P
lus t
he a
dvanced b
elt
-dr
ive s
yste m f
or s
tereo f an t o direc t his own s how . I
f squawker a nd a 2 " twee ter. E ach s peaker
h
e wanted more power h
e had t
o has a n u nusua lly low d istortion t o repro-
smoo
ther
, v
ibrat
ion
-free r
evo
lut
ion
, a
nd a g
o u p into t he h igher r anges t o f ind a duce t ones w ith s tart
ling b r
ill
iance . I
t
n
ewly d
esigned u
niversa
l t
onear m
. A
nd r
eceiver t hat wou ld l e
t h im g ive d irec tion c
an f aithfu
lly r eproduce d eep , r i
ch l ows
t
o his mus ical i nc
lina t
ions . (And e ven and r i
se u p t o c lean, crisp h ighs w ith a l
l
t
hat
's n
ot a
l
l. I
t f
eatures a mov
ing mag
- t
hen h e h ad t o c o me to J VC N IV ICO , the t
ones i n between i n perfec t fidelity. T he
n
et c
artr
idge t
oo, a
long w
ith a 4
-po
le o
nly s tereo maker ofer ing S .E.A.) S o we handso me c ab inet h as t he v ery b est
h
ave made f ive-channe l S .E.A. a vai lable a
cous tical d esign , a nd t here a re many
s
ynchronous motor, a
nd g
ent
le o
i
l-
i
n th
is 4 0 wa tt receiver, the distingu ished addit
iona l f
eatures c
lever ly i
ncluded
d
a mped arm e
levation mechan
is m
. 5
010U . which y ou won 't fi
nd o n o ther s yste ms.
SEE THE FULL EXC ITI N G RAN GE OF NIVIC O
STERE O CO M PO NENTS AT SY D NEY
EST JVC DEALER . • ALSO SEE SPEC
'S LAR G
I AL 14
-
-
AUTEL SYSTE MS PTY
. L
TD.
W AY S
.E.A. SYSTE M ON D ISPLAY. 20 P
I TT WATER ROAD
, GLADESV
ILLE
, N
.S.W
.
FULL REPA I R AN D SPARE PARTS ALSO
AVAILABLE! PH O NE
: 89 0663
. OPEN ALL DAY SATUR DAY
.

9
8
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
E
QUIPMENT N
EWS A
.R
.R.L
.
R
ADIO AMATEURS
Us
ing t heC lass
ified A d S to rage I p ackage ,
k
T
ey
he
st
n
ew
rokes f or o
package
perat
ion t
r
e
h
qu i
an c
re s
ompa
f
ewe
rab
r
le a
lphanume ric s orting o f a dve rtisemen ts o n HANDBOOK
p
ackages . I t i ncludes a n a l phanume r
ic t
he T ypese t-8 i sc omp letely a utoma t
ic . T he 1
971 E
dit
ion
s
orting c apab il
ity , a utoma tic a dve rt
isemen t p
rog ramme s cans a l a dve rtisemen t
s o n a
c
ha racter-by -charac ter b asis u n t
il ac omp lete T
he h andbook h as l ong b een
d
eletions ,a nd s kip p rocessing c apac ity.
s
ort i sa chieved . B ecau se t he u ser d oes n ot c
onsidered an ind
ispensab le par
t
Des
igna ted C las sif
ied A d S to rage I , the
h
ave t o s pec ify a s ort k ey e ach t ime a n o
f the amateur's equ
ipment , and
p
ackage a ccepts p aper t ape o utpu t from a
a
dve rt
i semen t ist yped , mu ltip le k ey-strokes i
s t he s
tandard Manual o
f
DEC t
ypeset-8 h
yphenation a
nd
a
re s aved f or e ach a dve rtisemen t, t hus Amateur R ad
io C om municat
ion.
j
ustif
ica tion p rogramme , s o
rts a nd o rders
t
he a dve r
tisemen ts b y c l
as s
ifica tion, a nd r
educ ing l abou r costs. P
rice $6.95
s
tores t hem o n m agnetic D EC tape f or la
ter The a
utoma t
ic k
il
l f
e ature p
erm its P
ost a
nd P ackaging 9
0c
u
se b y t ypese tting m ach ines. A s i
ngle a
dve rt
isemen ts tob e stored o n DEC tape a nd
DEC tape u nit h and les u p t o 1 000 f our-
line t
o b e r un o r e xp ired a s d esired b y t he
a
dve rtisemen ts o r a pproxima tely t h
ree pages o
pe
c
las
ra
s
to
if
r
. D
ied a
uring t
dvert
he '
isemen
r
ev
t
is
, m
ion r
a in
un
' p hase o
tenance k il
f
ls
R
.S
.G.B
.
o
fs o
lid -
set classified a dvertisemen ts.
Unl
ike o ther s oftwa re p ackage s, Class
ified a
re m ade . T he s kip a dve rtisemen t f eature R
AD
IO C
OMMUNICAT
ION
e
n sures t ha t a dve rt
isemen ts s cheduled f or
Ad S torage I s or
ts a nd p l aces e ach
a
dve rtisemen t i n p rope r s equence a t t h
e
p
ub lication d o n ot a ppearo n a n unspec ified H
ANDBOOK
s
ame t ime i tiss to red on m agne tic t ape. The d
ay . T
heory a nd prac t
ice of t
he l a
tes
t
t
a pe i sa k:
iys r e ady f or t r
ansf er t o pape r Details from D igital E quipmen t A ust.P ty. t
echniques h ave b een b lended
t
ape f
ru i
n put t
o photo - typesetting L
td ., 7 5 Alexande r S t., Crows N est
, N .S .W.
t
ogether to fo rm a b ook e ssen
-
2065 .
mach ines. t
ia
l t o b o
th s tudent and c on
-
s
tructor
.
P
rice $ 11
.55
Pos
t a nd P ackaging 9 0c

C
OLL
INS B
OOK
D
EPOT P
TY. L
TD.
,
i
iii 363 Swanston S treet
,
sonninnon, MELB O U R NE,
loomossms, Victor
ia, 3000
4
1
- MMI NIU mm Phone
: 663 3787
a ssmoss mo
looniness, S
tock l
i
sts ava
ilab
le free o
f charge o
n
w
isslo mp a
ny sub
ject of i
n
terest to you.

AMPL
IFIER MODULE K
IT
E
asy t o asse mble with wiring d iagra m s up-
p
l
ied. Consists of 4 Fa
irch i
ld t ransistors
, 5
c
apacitors
, 6 r es
istors a nd p r
inted c ircuit
b
oard 3 1" x 2 1"
. 3
.5 wat ts o utput w ith
2
0 volt supp ly. $6
.50 includ ing p ostage.

B
ROADCAST RAD
IO T
UNER
So
lid s tate, mounted o n b oard 5 1" x 2" with
8
" a erial r od. Co mp
lete w ith 2 1" dia
l k nob
a
nd r eady t o b u
ild i n
to t ape r eco rders
.
ampl
i f
iers , e tc.
, o r use w ith h eadphones .
Bandw id th 8 Khz . Output t
o 1v o
lt. S upply
9 vo
lts @ 5 ma . $20
.75
ut unassemb led

10
11
111
111.
11 mi
As above b $19
.25
I
ncluding pos tage.

S
ILICON D
IODES
1
500 P
ly @ 1 Amp
. SPECIAL — Wh
ile they
6
0MHz P
ortab
le o
sc
illo
scope
s (
Tekt
ron
ix)
. l
ast $
1.50 I
nclud
ing p os
tage.

B
ATTERY CHARGER B
ASIC K
IT
h
as n orma l and c a
lib ra ted d e layed s weep ; F
or charging 6 o r 12 volt car b at
ter ies at
P
ORTABLE O
SCILLOSCOPES t
he 4 53A -3 h as n orma l
, c al
ib rated d elayed 4 amps
. K
it con
ta ins t
ransfor mer
, s eleniu m
b
r
idge r ec
tifier and a p air of battery c l
ips.
T
EKTRON IX r ecen tly introduced t he 453A s
weep a nd c alibra ted m ixed s weep ; t he $
13.95 Plus p ack a nd post. Vic
. 4 0c, O ther
p
ortab le o
sci
llo scope . N ow f our n
ew 4
53A -4 h as n orma l s weep . 7
0c
v
ers
ion s o f the 4 53A a r
e b eing i ntroduced : I
n t he c al
ib rated m ixed s weep mode , a
t
he4 53A -1, 4 53A -2,4 53A -3,4 53A -4. f
eatu re n ew t o p or tab le o scilloscope s
, t he
D
ef lect
ion f a
cto rs a nd b andw id th a re 5 main s weep i sd isp layed a t as e
lec ted r ate P
RINTED C
IRCU
IT BOARD K
IT
mV/d iv a t4 0 MHz , i n
crea s
ing t o5 0 MHz a t f
or at ime a djus ted b y af ront p ane l con trol. E
tch
ing mater
ials w
ith i
nstruc
tions and
A
t t he e nd of t his t ime t he s weep c on t
inues e
i
ther a 12" x 1 2" or s ix 6" x 3 " copper
1
0 mV /div a nd 6 0 MHz a t 2 0 mV /div to 1 0
b
acked boards $
3.25
V
/d iv. C hanne l 1a nd 2 a mp l
ifie r
s c an b e a
t af as te r ra
te , a s s elected b y t he s econd P
lus pack and p os
t. V
ic. 40c. O
ther 7 0c.
c
ascaded t o obta in I mV /div a t 2 5 MHz t
ime /d iv c ontro l. T h is p e
rm its t he o perato r
s
ingle t race. C al
ib rated s weep s ex tend f rom t
o d isp lay h igh d en sity p ulse t r
ains i n o ne
sweep , m agnify ' the e xtreme r ight-hand
0
.
}
t
s
1 p
/d
s/d
iv t
iv t
o 5
o 0
0 m s
.
/d
5 s
iv (
/
div (
de
no
layed
rma
)
l) a
. A t
nd 0
imes 1
.1
0 portion o f the d isplay b y as electab le r atio, L
ANTHUR E
L
ECTRON
ICS
magn ifier e xtend s t he f a
ste st s weep t o 1 0 a
nd ' u nw ind' e ach p ulse f r
om r igh t to l eft
. (
ARTHUR ROSENTHAL
)
n
s/d iv. E ach o scilloscop e h as ful
lb andw id th This p rov ides f or d etailed e xam ina tion o f 6
9 BUCHANAN AVENUE
, NORTH BAL WYN
.
t
h e p ul se t r
ain a nd i s af e
atu r e n eeded f or 3
104
, V
ICTOR
IA.
tr
igge r capab il
ity .
Each o sci
lloscope a l
so h as a d ifferent m any f i
e ld se
rv ice a pplica t
ion s.
h
orizon ta l system . T he 4 53A -I h as n o
rma l D
eta i
l s f rom T ekt ron ix P ty . L td., 8 0
a
nd u ncalibrated d elayed s weep;t he4 53A -2 Waterloo R d.,N orth R yde,N .S .W. 2 113 .

9
9
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 I
fy
ou c
are about
y
ourcassette r
eco
rder
,
t
hen ca
re aboutth
e
b
r
and ofcasset
te
y
ou buy
.

‘
.1
4

BASF

C
90
2
I
.
u
rthespie
lt unrecorded
h
i
ti
2 45 min
I
O W no
t** nmasch
is m
i M ade
. I
n C
lor many

Y
ou have i
nvested a fair amount o
f money T
he p
lay
ing t
imes
:
i
nyour c
assette recorder. So why no
t c are f
or
i
ta l
i
tt
le be
tter a nd use the wor
ld's f
inest C 6
0 = 2x3
0 m
ins
. = 6
0 m
ins
.
c
ompact cassettes: BASF .
C 9
0 = 2x4
5 m
ins
. = 9
0 m
ins
.
BASF c assettes a re loaded w ith BASF
low-noise H i-Fi tape , t
he s ame t ape used a nd C
120 = 2 x 6
0 m
ins
. = 1
20 m
ins
.
p
re ferred b y the wor ld's lead
ing Mus icasse t
te
manu fac turers. T hey c ome p acked i n the
new l ightweigh t N ova
lene P las t
ic L ibrary BASF q
ual
ity
:
Box a nd a re c omp lete with Index C ard U
nsurpassed —
to g
ive you l
onger t
ape l
i
fe a
nd
and s e
l f
-adhes ive Ma il
ing L abe l for ma i
ling l
e
ss wear on t
he heads o
f your r
ecorder
.
a
nywhere i n the wor ld.
A c ompac t casse tte d oes not d is
tinguish Go o
n —care j
us
t al
i
t
tle
.
be
tween t he profess ional or ama teur, b u
t with
BASF , the q uali
ty o f your record ing will be BASF c
ompac t casse
ttes ava
ilab
le everywhere
o
f p ro
fess iona l standard . i
nyour c
hoice o
fe i
ther "
Trans orPlas
tic P
ack."

B
ASF
A
ustra
lian D
istr
ibu
tors
:
Maur
ice Chapman & Company Pty
. Ltd
., 276 Cast
lereagh S
t
., S
ydney
. P
hone
: 6
1 9
881
1
46 Burwood R
d.
, Haw
thorn, V
ic
. P hone
: 81 0574

BA1108

1
00
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 C
LASS
ICA
L
REC OR D
I NGS
..
.
REV
IE WERS
: J
ohn C
lare
, C
hri
stopher
Wag
staff
, Kev
in Wo
lfe

CHARLES I VES — T hree Places i

n waves o f m emo ry , s ou rce les s u nea rth ly
New E ngland; CARL RUGGLES — n
o sta lg ia a nd f ea r s oon wh ir l a way . T o
Sun Treader. Boston S y mphony a
ch ieve t
his fee
ling I
ves h
as u
sed
(
pa rticu larly i
n t
he s
econd p
iece )
Orchestra, c
onducted b y Michael p
o ly rhythms , po
ly tona l d
isco rd , a
nd
T
ilson T hc mas
. D eutsche d
ivi sion s o f t he o rche stra i nto c omp lete ly
Gra m mophon 2 530. S tereo
. u
n re la ted p arts — d ifferen t t hough q uite
d
ef in ite k eys, m elod ie s a nd r hy thms — t o
s
u gge st b ands a pp roach ing f rom d ifferen t
d
irec tion s. S triden t m i
lita ry mus ic i so ften
Early i n t h
i s c en tu ry t he Ame r
ican
a
l
lowed t o d issolve i nto a w hirling , o dd ly
ama teu r c ompo se r C ha rles I ves emp loyed
e
the rea l c onfus ion . T he mu sic f luctua te s
m any d ev ices wh ich w ere l ate r t o b ecome
r
a dica lly ,n ow i mmed ia te,n ow r emo te.
t
he d istingu i shing c ha rac te ristic s o f much
mo re f amou s i nnova to rs . P o lyrhy thms , The t h
ird p iec e c onta ins a h olocau st o f
poly tona lity , e ven s ome a tona lity , q uarte r s
ound q ui te a wfu l i n i t
s p owe r, w hich
t
one s —a l o f t hese w ere p resen t i nw orks s
u gge sts t o m e g ho stly f o
rce s l ock ing
written b y I v es b efo re 1 928 . t
o ge the r a nd s hak ing e ach -othe r
. I f Ih ave
I
th as b een f airly p oin ted o ut t hat B artok , a
rou sed y ou r i ntere st, Is ugge st t hat y ou
S
t ravin sky , S choenbe rg, B ou lez , e tc. d id i t l
i
s ten t o t he r eco rd ing s a nd r ead t he c ove r
a
l much b et ter l a
te r o n ; b ut t o l eave i ta t note s wh ich i nc
lude a n e xp lica tion o f e ach
I
n C oncerto N o. 19 t he orche s
tral playing
t
ha t, t o r e
lega te l y e
's t o t he a ttic o r p
i ece , m ak ing a ny a ttemp t o n my p a r
t q u
i te
i
s n o
t c r
isp e nough b y a l ong c halk,
basemen t w he re c u rio sities ( in t his c ase a r
e dundan t.
I
tw as t he B oston S ymphony , i nc
iden ta lly , p
articularly i n t he f i
rst movemen t. T he
d
ile ttan te w ho s tumb led u pon t echn iques h e s
econd movemen t i sq uite g ood. T he l a
st
cou ld n ot d eve lop ) a re s to red , i st o d o th e w hich f i
rs t p erfo rmed t his w ork i n 1 931 . I
c
anno t f
ind much f
a ult wi
th thei r movemen t ist aken at ac racking p ace, and
m an ag ros s i njus tice a nd t o m inunder s
tand o
nce a gain the orchestra isn ot ti
gh te nough .
h
is c ompos itiona l mo tive s. perfo rmance h ere . T he t rumpe ts, t hough
v
e ry p owe rful,a re n ot pa rticu la r
ly p recise i n C
lara H o
skil pl
ay s quite w ell
, b ut the piano
I
ves' i mpu lses w ere o ften mo re t ho se of a i
st oo far f
orward f or m e
.
the m a
rch ing s ec t
ion s, b u t a c erta in
g
r aph ic i lus trato r o r a n e pic f i
lm -make r C
once rto N o. 2 7 is Mozar t's las
t —a nd
roughne ssi sn ot u nde sirab le .
t
h an t ho se o f ac ompo se r w ork ing o ut n ew p
o ssib
ly h is b est — p iano c oncerto. T he
i
diom sw ith in ap ure ly mu sica l s pec trum . H e I
fI ves' w ork c an b e d esc ribed a s c ollage ,
his f ellow -Amer ican C ar
l R ugg les ( who a lso p
erfo rmance h ere i sbetter than t he No . 19.
used wha teve r d evices s eemed a pp ropr iate The b a
lance b e
tween p iano a nd o rchestra i s
to i lustra te a mu ltirac ia l Amer ica m arching ha ss ome r epu tation a s ap a
in ter ) c an b e s aid
t
oh ave c once rned h imse lf i nh is r a
the r s ma ll b
ette r
, a nd the p erformance h as av ital
i ty
ineluc tab ly i nto t he Twen tie th C entury , which t he N o
. 1 9 la
cks. M iss H o
skil p l
ay s
outpu t w ith w orks t hat a r e u nified , r ef
ined
bea ring w
ith i t s trange ly j ux tapo sed w
ith c onsiderable a utho r
ity a nd i s w el
l
a
nd s e
lf
-con tained , a f
te r t h e t h
ink ing o f
fragmen tso fo l der c ultu res ( c on side r an ame b
acked u pb y theo rchestra. —K .W .
Cezanne . T he a na logy w ith v isua la rts i sn ot
like M inneapo lis, m ix tu re o f I nd ian a nd
i
napp rop ria te, f or R ugg le s l ays p ane ls a nd
G reek) , g row ing i n mono lith ic p owe r even
s
trand s o f t ona l c olou r i n s ucce s s
ion o r
a
s i tt urned a ga ins t i tsel f i n c ivil w a r
. B ut,
j
ux tapo s
it ion w ith p ainte rly c a re.
l
ike Wa l t Wh itman , l i
ke H art C rane , M ark
'Sun T reade r' i si no ne s ense r athe r static .
Twa in a nd M elville , h e d id mo re t han
I
th as a l imp id, s l
ow s tea ling mo tion , w ith DEBUSSY — S onata for Viol
in a nd
i
lu strate : h e e xp res sed a s pirit wh ich , ifi t
y
e t au nify ing d ynam i sm — r a
the r l i
ke t he P
iano , Sonata f or Cello and Piano,
wasn 't r eally t h e s p
irit o f Amer ica ( and w ho
s
u rf ace t ension o n as ti
ll, c lear r a
inpoo l. Sonata for F lute, Harp a nd Viola
,
now c an s ay' )
,h ad i t
so wn v a l
id l i
fe,a nd h e
M elod ic d ev elopmen t i s m in ima l a nd o ne
helped s e
t t h e t one o f Amer ican a r
t — Syr
inx f or S olo Flute. Joseph
has t he f eel
ing o f w atch ing r a
fts o f b ras s
r
ough -hewn , l urid, d ynam ic , s entimen tal, at S
ilverste
in , viol
in ; Michael Ti
lson
sound ,c u rtains o fs tring s, r eplace e ach-o the r
once p uritan ica l a nd r eck les s — wh ich h as Tho mas, p iano; Jules Eskin, ce
llo;
with f luid p reci sion . I f t his s ounds a l ittle
persisted t ot h
is d ay . Burton F ine , v
iola; Doriot Anthony
I
n t he o rche stral s uite ' Th ree P laces I n li
ke f i
rst i mp res sion , o r e ven w affle, t hat i s
not f ar f rom t he t ruth, f or Ia m c ertain ly Dwyer , flute; Ann Hobson , harp.
N ew E ngland ' I ves h as t r
ied t o e voke b oth
n
o t f amilia r e nough w ith t h
is p articu la r Boston S y mphony C ha mber Players
.
i
mmed iacy o f p lace , a nd t he p lace's r e
sidue
of m emo rie s a nd a s
soc iation s — i n t hese w ork t o c r
iticize i t—o r i t
s p erfo rmance — DGG 2 53049 . Stereo.
i
nstances ,l a
rge ly C ivil Wa r as soc iations . a
tt his s t
age .
Suff ice t o s a
y t hat Ih ave f ound i tt ob ea
One h a s t he w e
i rd f eeling o fb eing ag ho s
t
r
eturn ing t o s cene s o f b oth c atac lysm a nd r
athe r lo vely e xper ience .
The r eco rd ing i sr ema rkab ly q u
ie t o n t he Debu ssy's f ew c hambe r w orks s how t h at
p
eace . O ne i sa b
le t o f eel b rief ly t hat h e is
s
urf ace — a p a
rticu lar v irtue f or t he R ugg les h
e d id n o
t h ave t o depend o n t he r e
sou rce s
t
here i n ar e
al l and scape — a f eeling t h a
t
wo rk — a nd t he s ound i sv ery c leara nd f ree o
f af ul
l o rche stra t o a chieve h is e xquisite
f
rom d isto r t
ion . —J.C . a
nd d i
stinctive n uance s o f atmo sphe re a nd
c
olou ration. T hey a l
so d emons t rate t hat
which i sn o
t s u ff
ic ien t
ly e mphas ised i n mo st
p
opu lar l i
tera tu re — t hat D ebu ssy w as a n
e
xtrao rdina ry m e
lod is
t, a nd t hat h is mu sic
MOZART — P iano C oncertos No . 1
9 s
hou ld b e h eard i n li
nea r term s a & well a s
a
nd 2 7
. Clara H aski
l, piano, with f
rom t he p oin t o f v iew o f ' washe s of tona l
B
erlin Ph
ilhar mon ic (19) and c
olou r.
'
B
ayerisches Staatsorchestra ( 27)
. The f i
rst a nd f i
nal movemen ts o f t he
S
ona ta f o
rV iol in a nd P i
ano c on tain m e
lod ic
Conductor, Ferenec F ricsay.
f
i
gu res t
hat a
re a
t o nce momen ts,
Hel
iodor 2 548 0 32. Stereo.
e
xpe riences i n t ime , which o u
ts ide h is own
s
t
ring q uar tet c an h ardly b e r i
valled ;
momen ts w h
ich s e
em t o f r
eeze i nto
Mozart pe
rfected th
e p i
ano c once
rto f
orm i
nde lible i mage s o f f r
agility a nd e l
egance :
a
nd r a
ised i t to i t
s h ighes
t l e
vel
. The s
now , a nd g lass s hopf ron ts; w hite c rystaline
f
ore sts w ith, s omewhere , i cy w ater t r
ickling .
c
oncertos o n th
is record a re two of th
e
The se t hing s . are a chieved w ith g rea t
f
i
nest examp le
s o f th
is. U nfo
rtunate
ly the
p
erformances u nder rev
iew a re noth
ing to e
conomy a nd p rec is
ion , a nd t hey a r
e ( to
r
e
i te rate) a ch ieved m elod ically : i n
terva ls
r
ave a
bou t
.

1
01
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 THE F
IS I
FR
T
he F
ISHER XP
-9C
F
ree
-Pi
ston F
our
- Way
S
peake
r S
ystem

The b rand n ew F i sher XP -9C i s the

r
esult of a ma jo r t echno log ica l br eak-
t
hrough i n s peaker d esign b y t he
F
isher E ngineer ing L abora to r
ie s
. T h
is
i
s t h
e f i
r s
t b ookshe lf s ystem t o p ro-
v
ide p rop er l oading f or a 1 5-inch
u
l
t ra-comp liant w oo f er in s o c ompac t
a
n e nclo sure. T his w oof er u til
ise s a
2
1-inch v oice c oil a nd a ma ssive 1 2-
p
ound magne t s truc tu re. T he f r
ee a ir
r
esonance o f t his w oofer i s an u n-
b
elievable 1 0Hz. Two ma tched 5 -inch
m
id -range d r
iver s p rov ide e xceptiona l
r
esponse , c omp letely f r
ee o f d istor-
t
i
on , from 5 00 t o 1 200 H z. A h em is-
p
herical d ome t wee te r c ove rs t he
f
r
equenc ies f rom 1 200 H z t o 5 000
H
z. A d ome s up er-tw eete r r ep ro-
d
uce s the f r
equenc ies a bove 5 000 H z to t
he l
im
its of a
udib
il
ity w
ith o u
tstand
ing c
l
ari
ty a
nd p
resence
. A t
h
ree
-step t
r
eble
b
alance c ontro l a l
lows f or e xact a djustmen
ts o
f tr
eble s
peaker r
espons
e.

A
ust
ral
ian D
istr
ibu
tor
s:
M
AGNA
-TECHTRON
ICS (
A
UST
) P
TY
. L
TD
., P
.
O. B
OX 3
14
, C
ROWS N
EST
. P
HONE 4
39 1
65
1

7R EA
ILI Sti c
igg
`A
A
TTENT
ION C
O
MMU
NI
CA
TI
ONSR
E
C
E
IVE
R
A
L
ARM I
N
STA
LLERS
S
IMPL
IFY Y
OUR I
NTRUDER A
LARM P
ROJECTS
A
l
low u s t
o s
upply p
rofe
ssiona
l e
quipment a
t
r
easonab
le p
rice
s.

D
ue to mass p
roduction w e can of
fer qual
ity
e
quipment fr
eeing you to devote your time
t
o the h
ear
t of your in
truder sys
tem i.e
. the
a
ppl
ication a
nd insta
llat
ion.

C
ontact us f
or in
formation on Pressure Mats
, T
rans
istorised
. 4Bands 2
40V AC
B
el
ls, Magnet
ic R eed Switche
s. Control A
ll sol
id .
5
35 to 3
0 MHz o
r 12V DC
S
ystems
, Ti mers
, Photo-Elect
ric Beams, etc
. s
tate (
i
ncludes B
roadcas
t) o
perat
ion

This i st h
e B IG p erformance s et t h
at o b
so-
R
e
al
ist
ic P
e
rfo
rman
ce
2
342
o
l
e
te s t u be r eceivers . . .a p rofes siona l
-
R
e
al
ist
ic P
r
ice $
S
ECUR
ITY E
NG
INEER
ING
l
ooking s et t hat a ppea ls t o a ma teu rs a nd
s
hort w ave l i
s
tene rs a l
ike . The 0 01506 g i
ves
l
ong.range , w orld-wide r ealistic r ecep tion
on 4 b ands , I ncluding B roadcas t
. F u
lly
t
ran rict, , ,cd- -al
l s ol
id s tate —no w arm-

P
TY
. L
TD
. u
c
e
w
i
o
p d
l
l
ls i
l o
r a
e
lay

p
ny 1
fc
e
s

ra
; t
u r
te f
29 D
h
ren
e D

r
t f
X 1
a
il
om a c
C s erv
s o
a
ice
50 w

r
r i
's c
. A2
il

i
l r
s n
ga
o
ret
409 A
u
t a
n o
va
te l
i

C p
n d
lab
i
gh
r
le
te
owe
y
;
r
r
SUPPLIERS TO THE SECURITY I
NDUSTRY
f
• i
d
. . e
l J
•caby t
o
litch
iplt
s
upp ly i sa l
so b uilt in. Over 3 0 s emi.
376 E
ASTERN V ALLEY WAY . RosEv iux ,2069
.
c
onduc tors —p roduc t d etec tor f o
r S SB/CW , C
ables a
nd T e
legraphic A ddress
: ' WESTELEC.'
p
lus f ast a nd s low A VC — variab le p it
ch Sydney. P hone
: 4 01212
1
82 GEORGE ST
., PAR RAMATTA, N
SW. B
FO — i
llum inated e
l
ec trical b
andsp read , P
leas. f
o
rward free i
l ustra
ted li
terature
f
u
lly c alibra ted f o
r a ma teu r b and s- -cas- and S
pecif
ica
tions o n Reanstic
.
2
150
. PH: 6
35 6550 - 6
35 6
468
. c
ade R F s tage —AML f or R F a nd A F—
z
ene r s tabil
ised —OTL a udio — illum ina ted N
um
"
S" m ete r —bui l
t•in m on itor s peake r p l
us
A
g
gre
ss
f
r
on t p ane l j ack f or e xterna l ( o
ptiona l
)
m
at ching s peake r
.

1
02
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — JULY 1
971
 f
.
711

C
LASS
ICAL I
B
R
U
INf
.
a
ticu la ted b y t h e m elod ic i d ea c rea te t h e '
Liebster Jesu , wir sind hier' (
B WV T
I
MM
a
ura
T
, t
hes e
he e voca
momen
tion
ts
.
a
re a
l t
he mo re
731). Jean B erveil
ler — Mouve ment M
E
T
ROP
OUT
AN
r
ema rkab le when o ne r eali ses t ha t t h e
C
. M . Widor — Toccata f ro m Sym . C
A
MBIA
L
No. 5. Charles Tourne m ire — S uite
c
ompo se r w as s u f fe ring f r om c ancer a t t h e
No. 24 fro m ' L
'Orgue Myst ique'.
t
ime , a nd h ad t h e a ddi tiona l d istrac tion o f
k
now ing t h at a t a ny d ay t he a dvanc ing Wil
lia m Math ias — I nvocations, Op .
G
e rman a rm ies m igh t e n te r P a r
is. I n t he 35. Pe
rfor mers : Jeanne De mess ieux
work D ebu ssy m ade a c onsc iou s e ffo r t t o (
i
te ms 1 -4), Flor P eeters (i
te m 5), O
E BU M
t
i
r
e
tu rn t o t he t rad i tiona l c las sica l f orms o f Noel R awsthorne ( i
te m 6)
. DECCA MU M
t
he 1
7th and 1
8th c en tu ry F
rench Ace of D ia monds SDD -236 . S
tereo .
i
n
s trumen ta l m as ter s. Wha teve r t he r eason —
a
nd r eason s a re n o t t o f ind — t h e wo rk f alls
Magn if icen t — b oth t he p l aying a nd t h e
al ittle d ead i n p l aces , t o my e a rs a t a ny n
ew o rgan ! Wha t a t rea t i t i s t o h ea r a
r
a
te , a s t hough c r aftsmansh ip h ad b een wel
l-vo iced E ngl ish c athed ra l o rgan w ithou t
d
ese rted h ere a nd t he re b y i nsp ira t
ion . meant t o show t he qualities o f the organ. I
ab oom ing o pen wood a nd o verb lown p eda l
S
ilve rs te in s eems t o m e t o h ave b eau tifu lly u
nders tand t he reve
rbe ration t ime f o
r af ull
r
eeds .
r
ealised D ebus sy 's v iolin c oncep t ion . H is c
hord o n this organ isa round n ine second s
I
n t
his o
rgan noth ing dom ina tes .
t
one c an b e f ros ty , s igh ing , r emo te o r (
when t h
e c athedral i s emp ty), s o t he
E
ve ry th ing b l ends ( excep t , o f c ou rse, t h e
t
hrilling ly i mmed ia te , a nd h is p lay ing i sn o t o
rche stra l t rumpe ts ) t o g ive ag l oriou s blaze ' e
nginee rs h ave d one a g ood j ob o f
w
ithou t ac erta in g yp sy q uality w hich s eems o
f s ound . I t w as d es igned t o b e a ble t o m
icrophone p lacemen t
. T here isi mpeccab le
q
uite a pp rop ria te . T homa s' p i
ano — a c
l
a r
ity a sw ella san approp r
iate a tmosphe re,
p
erfo rm a l
l s choo ls o f o rgan c ompo sition ,
g
lorious s ound ing i n strumen t, i nciden ta lly — a
nd t he 'ping-pong ' effect w ith t h
e f anf
a re
a
nd t hi s i t d oes a dm i rab ly . T he f anf are
i
ss trong b ut w ell c on tro lled . Much t he s ame t
rumpe ts i
sd el
ightful.
t
rumpe ts l ook a nd s ound mo st e xc iting . On
t
hing s c an b e s aid o f a l
l t he B o ston Thorough ly r ecommended . —J.C
.
t
he r eco rd c ove r a re s hown t he ir b r as s
S
ymphony C hamber P laye rs. T hey h ave p ut r
esona to rs, d isp layed h o rizon ta lly a nd s et i n
A al ot o f t hough t i nto p lay ing D ebu ssy , a nd j
uxtapo si t
ion t o t he f ree -s tand ing r anks o f
h
ave b een s urpas sed i n my r ecen t e xpe rience BEETHOVEN — P iano Concerto No .
f
lues . T he s ound i s much c leane r t h an
o
nly b y t he V lach Qua r te t, o n aS up raphon c
erta in S pan ish ' en c hamade ' t r umpe ts I 1
.D an
iel Barenboim , p
iano , with t
he
r
eco rd ing o ft he S tring Qua rte t. h
ave h ea rd . New Phi
lhar monia Orchestra,
The S ona ta f o r C e llo a nd P iano i so ve ralla The m ain a ttrac tion o f t h
is r e co rd ( apar t c
onducted b y O
tto K le mperer
. EM I
mo re s ati sfy ing wo rk , a nd i ti sa ga in g iven
f
rom t he s ound o f t he o rgan ) i s J eanne OASD 2 616. S
tereo.
a
n e xemp la ry p erfo rmance . T he f inale Demes sieux ' p lay ing . T h is m ay w ell h ave
r
evea ls w ha t wou ld p robab ly h ave eme rged b
een o ne o ft he l as t re co rds s he m ade b efo re Ih ave n ever p reviou s
ly b een p articu larly
i
n t he f lorid a rabesque s o f t h e S ona ta f or
h
e r d ea th a t t h e e ar ly a ge o f 4 2. H er f
ond o f t his c once rto. I t w as w r
i tten i n
V
io l in a nd P i ano , h ad D ebu ssy b een u nde r c
omp le te m as te ry o f t h e i nstrumen t i s 1
797 — b efore B eethoven 's d eafnesss t arted
l
ess p re ssu re : ar hy thm ic a nd d irec tiona l s
trong ly e viden t —e ve ry th ing s ounds e asy t
oo vertake h im — a nd ,a l
though ac ompo ser
f
orce w hich s eems t o m e a lmo st H unga rian . f
or h er. o
fs ome p rom ise, he w as probab ly inte res ted
I
ti s, i n f act, i nte re st ing t on ote t hat B a rtok
Iw as a stounded a t t he w ay s he p layed t he i
ne s
tab l
ish ing h imse lf as t h
e b es
t pi an ist in
— who c oun ted D ebus sy a mong h is c hief Mes siaen (one of h is mo st d iff
icu lt V
ienna .
i
nfluences — w as i ntr igued b y t h e Hunga rian movemen ts ) —n ot o nly t he s peed b ut h er The p erfo rmance u nde r r e
view c hanged
qua lity o f s ome o f h is wo rk . Amus ing , t oo, comp le te c onv ic tion a nd u nde rstand ing o f my o p
in ion . In K lempe rer's h andst he wo rk
t
o s urm is e t ha t many p eop le, o n h ea ring t
h e P au line t ext o n wh ich i ti sb ased . T he a
ssumes a n ew d imens ion f or m e — a
a
ny th ing t hat s ounds r emo te ly l ike D ebu s sy, pau ses a re w ell c on tro l led a nd t he a ccen ts b
read th a nd g randeu r that Ih ave never b een
p
robab ly c las sify i
t s ubcon sciou sly a s (which s o m any o f t oday 's o rgan is ts d o n ot aware o fb efore. A dd t othis t he m agn ificen t
s
ound ing v ery F rench . N ote t h e b eau tifu l bothe r a bou t) c lea rly d efined . Ap ity w ed o p
lay ing o f B a
renbo im a nd, a s far a s I 'm
p
i ano c ho rds b eh ind t he mo re r eflec tive not p o sses s a ny o ther r eco rded i nstance o f c
oncerned , you've go
t p
erf ec tion.
pas sage s
. her M es siaen p lay ing . B
a renbo im h a s r eplaced t he o ve r-long
The S ona ta f o r F lute , V io la a nd h a rp i s He r B ach i s b eau tifu l — h ow mov ing a B
ee thoven f i
rst movemen t c adenza w ith o ne
the mo st f orward -look ing w o rk h e re. J us t a s simp le c ho rale p relude c an s ound i n t he h
e h as w ritten h imself.
ap o ssib le H unga rian i nfluence i nfluenced i n hands o f a f i ne a rt is t! T he B erveille r L
isten t o th
i s record and h ear the c once rto
t
urn aHunga rian c ompo se r,s o S t
rav insky — 'Mquvemenew ith i t
s o stina to mo t if i n t h e i
n an ew p erspec tive. Reco rd ing and f idelity
w ho l earned much f rom D ebu s sy — h as i n p
eda l s s hows h e r e xce llen t p eda l t echn ique . a
re e xcellen t. —K .W .
h
is t urn i n f
luenced s ome o f t his p iece . I n Tha t r a
ther h ackneyed W ido r ' Tocca ta '
t
he f inale p a rticu lar ly c an y ou f eel s ome o f t
akes o n an ew l i
gh t h ere . I t i st he mo s t
t
he f l
avou r o f t he q uie t i nte r
ludes o f t he e
xci t
ing ( as w ell a s t he f aste st) p e rfo rmance BEETH OVEN — S y mphony No. 5
.
'
Rite O f S pring '. B ut t he w o rk i smo re t han Ik now , a nd f rom b eginn ing t o e nd i tj us t
c
on tempo ra ry i n i t
s h isto rica l c on tex t. V
ienna Philharmon ic
, conducted by
s
c
in tilla tes s pa rk les . S he w a s o ne o rgan is t
The re a re p re -echoes h e re o f much mu sic who p
layed the open ing right-hand Kar
l Boh m. Deutsche Gra m mophon
which c
ame l
ate r, i
nclud ing certa in c
onf igura tion o fe igh t s em iquaver s w ith t he 2530 062
. Stereo.
r
esemb lances t o s erial mus ic. A lthough i t f
irst n ote l e ga to, t he s econd a ccen ted a nd
h
as s ome o f t he u np red ic tab ility a nd t
he r ema in ing s i x n ote s s tacca to a gains t Here a t las
t i s ap erformance o f the F ifth
apparent f
ragmenta tion of t
he l
ef
t-hand c ho rd s a ccented o n t he ma in b ea t s which I c an r e commend w ho lehea r tedly .
l
ast -men tioned , i
t i s a gain s up reme ly o
ft he b ar, a s w r it ten ! E
lim ina te mo s
t o f t he negative t hing s Ih ave
me lod ic . T he i nte rdependen t ' f
ragmen ts' a re F
lo c P ee te rs p lays c onv inc ing ly i n t h e s
a
id a bou t o ther v e
rsions, a nd y ou a re l e
ft
c
ells o fm elody i nt hem se lve s. Tou rnem i re ' S uite ' — ad el
igh tfu l w o rk w
ith t his very f i
ne p erformance .
I
n t h
is , a nd i n t he S yrinx f or S olo F lu te, b
ased o n ap lain -chan t mo tif. H is u se o ft h e Is uppo se y ou c ould say t hat B ohm 's i sa
D orio t A n thony Dwye r p roduces t he mos t s
olo s t
ring s a ga in st s t opped d iapasons p
ret ty ' s
traight' i nterpretation , b u
t i tisb y
s
ump tuou s f lute s ound I '
ve h ea rd i nq uite a (
espec ially i n t he ' Eleva t ion ') i s v ery n
o means a n u nin spired o ne. T he mu s
ic i s
w hile. Iam a lmo st c erta in t hat h e i sp l ay ing a
lowed t o speak f or it
self with , o bvious ly,
e
ffec tive .
the i ncreas ing ly r are w ooden f l
u te. The M ath ia s ' Invoca tion s' w as s pecia lly g
rea t e loquence a nd p owe r, t hough B ohm
A part f r om a s l
igh t t endency t o b oom i n c
omm is s
ioned f or t he o pen ing o f t he d
oes n ot m ake so much o fi trhy thm ically a s
t
he l owe r r eache s o f b oth t he h arp a nd t he c
athed ral, when i t w a s p l ayed b y N oe l does K lempe re r
.
p
iano , t he s ound i s f ine. T he o n ly r e
al Raws tho rne (
to whom t
he wo rk i
s The p laying o f t he Vienna P h
ilha rmon ic i s
c
r
i ticism I c an o ff er o f t his e xce llen t d
ed ica ted )
. I t c ertain ly d isplays t he f ull s
plend id t hroughou t
, b ut particu larly i nt he
r
eco rding i s t ha t t he p lay ing t ime o n s ide magn ificen t l uttis' a re t hei
r c on tro l a nd
r
esou rce s o f t h e i nstrumen t, f rom t he m ild
two i sr athe r s ho r t. B eau tifu l Mone t o n t he s
olo s tring s t ot he s triden t f anf are t rumpe ts, s
pac iou s powe re viden t.
c
ove r,i n c
iden ta lly . —J .C . a
s w ell a s d eve lop ing a s trong ly r hy thm ic The r ecorded s ound i sn ot p e
rf ec t
. R athe r
id
ea h ea rd a t t h e o pen ing . I n t he s econd i
th as a lmo st ac once rt
-hall a mb ience w hich
section Iwou ld h ave p ref erred s ome o f t he i
su nu sua l
ly s at
isfy ing. I tis amo st f u
lf i
lling
re
sts b etween t he t wo c on t ras ted i dea s t ob e e
xpe rience t o h ea r am an o f B ohm 's a ge
THE ORGAN OF L I VERPOOL sl
igh tly l o nge r, b ut n one the les s t he w ork i s i
mpa rt a t angib le f e
rvo r t o t h
is g rea t
METROPOL ITAN CATHEDRAL . wellp erfo rmed . o
rches tra , and I a m glad t hat i tw as n ot
O
liv
ier Mess
iaen — L'Ascension No. It i su nfo rtuna te t he s pec ifica tion o f t he '
pre served ' inl aye rso fc l
inicals tud io s ound .
o
rgan w as n ot i ncluded , f or t h e r ecord i s —J .C.
11. J
.S. Bach — Chora
le Prelude

1
03
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
AG
REAT NEW
L
OOK FOR
A
USTRALIAN
G
OLF
AUSTRAL
IAN GOLF ,
t
he magaz
ine f
or
EVERY g o
lfe
r, has
agreat new look!
Whe
the r you're aonce-
a
-week g
olfe
r, p
ro o
r
a
nnua
l ho
liday p
laye
r,
y
ou'
ll f
i
nd p
lenty t
o
i
n
terest y
ou. Packed
w
ith t
op act
ion photos and
f
eatur
ing t
he c
ream o
f
Austral
ian and Ove
rseas
w
riters AUSTRAL IAN
GOLF brings y
ou the mos
t
c
o mplete cove
rage ever. I
t
i
nc
ludes Tourna ments , Prof
iles
A
ssociates, Expert Ins
tructional
Features, Lates
t Austral
ian a nd
O
verseas N
ews
. P
lus l
o
ts, l
o
ts
more
! Ge
t y
our c
opy n
ow —
y
ou'
ll s
ee wha
t w
e mean
.

O
UT N OW
A
T ALL
N
EWSAGENTS
60c
 REC OR D
I NGS
.
.. J
AZZ
RE V
IE WERS
: Grae me Be
ll, J
ohn
C
lare
, Bert Wi
llia ms

wha t E l
ling ton i sa bou t, why many o f u
s
c
anno t s peak o r w rite a bou t h im w i thou t a
c
ertain d azed a dm iration c onfus ing o ur
words , y ou g et h o
ld o f t his a nd a no ther
r
ecen t r elease o n F rench CBS — ' Pr
imp ing
A
t T he P roms '.
The p erfo rmance o f ' A T one P arallel to
Harlem ' i sn o t as g ood a s t he o ne o n that
o
ld P hil
ip s r ecord ing, ' E
lling ton Up town ' —
but i ti s t he o nly o ne y ou c an g e
t h old of
t
he se d ays , a nd a ssuch m akes t h
i s reco rd an
e
ssen tial b uy. T his w as the b and i n the early
'
50s , m
inus Hodge s a nd before C at
Ande r son a nd W illie C ook j o
ined R ay
Nance , C la rk T erry a nd H a rold B ake r to
c
rea te t hat u nfo rgettab le bra ss s ection .
The r ecorded s ound i sgrainy , n ot l acking
i
n i mpac t b ut l imi
ted i n dynam ic r ange. In
s
ho rt, i t s ounds l i
ke a r eis sue o f a n o ld
r
e cord ing , b ut t he mu sic t r
iumphs . Apa rt
f
r om t he b irthday c once rt d oub le a lbum o n
United A rtists, t h
is i s the b est E lling ton
r
e cord w e've h ad h ere f or abou t t en y ears.
DU KE ELLI NGT ON — ' Duke J
.C
.
E
ll
ington'. L
iberian Suite
, A Tone Her schell E van s; H er
sche ll f ullsome , v iri
le
P
aral
lel t
o Harle m. Duke El
lington a
nd s tomp ing . L este r aloof a nd j oyfu l i nh is
own l i
t
tle wo rld, s moo th ly p laned , a bstrac t,
a
nd his o
rchestra
. CBS 6 2686. Mono.
r
unn ing a lmo st i ndependen t o f t he b ea t.
COUNT BAS IE — Sw inging the Blues, Each m an m akes h is p oint q ui
te c l
ea r i n
1937-9. Sw
ing ing t he B lues
, B lues i
n twelve b ars.
I
n j azz i t
's o ften t he c ase t h at a' head ' t
he Dark, Georg ianna , Don't You You k now , w e h ad ' Sw inging t he B lues ' i n
a
rrangemen t wo rked o ut o n t he s po t \i l Miss Your Baby? , L ady B e Good , ab ook o fC omb -O rks m any y ea rsa go , w hen
b
ecome a l iMC IC i S c l
as sic, wh ile a ny n umbe r we w ere a ppa ll
ing ly i gno ran t o f a ny th ing
L
isten My Ch i
ldren , Dupree B lues
,
o
f amb itious s uites o r e xtended wo rks , j azz b
efo re C ha r
l ie P a
rke r
. " Thi s o ld o ne g oe s
Red Wagon , Boog ie Woog ie, Ho w
c
oncer ti, e tc. , w ill t ake t heir p l
ace i n t he o
ver a l
l r i
ght ," w e wou ld s ay, f ish ing i to ut
Long Blues
, The D irty Dozen , Hey i
nd ifferen t
ly . I tn eve r o ccu rred t o u s to h ear
mu seum o f mu sica l c u rio s
it ies.
E
lling ton i so ne o f t he f ew who h ave b een Lawdy Ma ma , The F ives, When t he how i tshou ld h ave b een p layed .
a
ble t o e x
tend t hemse lve s w i thou t s ound ing Sun Goes Down , Oh Red , F are Thee '
Lady B e Good ' h as L ester r unn ing a long
p
re ten tiou s, o
ve rblown , o
r s
imp ly Honey, Fare T hee We ll
. Swagg ie v
e ry f ast, b ut f inding a l
l t he t ime i n t he
uno r
ig ina l. I n f a ct, much o f E lling ton 's v e ry S
1275 . Mono . wo rld t
o c reate b eau tifu l f orms . H e
b
es t m ate rial i s t o b e f ound i n his l onge r imp rovises o n t he t une i n itse ntire ty t w
ic e,
wo rks, w hich a re i n t he m ain f r
ee f rom t he a
nd t he t wo s olos a re s epara ted b y a f i
ne
t
endency t owa rd s uavenes s t ha t s ome o fh i
s mu ted t rumpe t s olo o f t he s ame l eng th . I
l
ess amb itiou s b and p iece s d isp lay . 11\ 1 o ff, ' Lady B e Good ' h as t he c lassic t
hink t his isB uck C lay ton . T his i so ne t rack
'A T one P ara lle l t o H ar
lem ' i s ac on tinuou s Leste r Young s olo. I f y ou h aven 't g ot i t
, wh ich Ic an n eve r p lay j ust o nce a nd l e
ave i t
wo rk w
ith so me d
eg ree o f t hema tic h
e re i s ag olden o ppo rtun ity . T hat s aid, w e a
t t hat.
d
eve lopmen t, s o me e xtreme ly i n
te re sting c
an g o o n t o c r
iticise t he reco rd. Af i
nal h ear ing o f the who le r eco rd b efore
o
rches tra l e f fec ts a nd s eve ra l s wift, t h ri
lling I
f Ih ad a f a
i r
ly w ide r ange o f ma te rial g
e tting t h
is r eview o ff s how s t hat Ih ave
c
l
i maxe s. T he ' Libe rian S uite' i s as eries o f f
rom t his wonde rful p er
iod i nt he h i
sto ry o f done J immy R ushing a n i n
jus tice . ' Blues i n
s
ho rt d
ances wh ich c
ou ld well h ave Coun t B asic b ands , I wou ld h ave c hosen t
he D ark ' is av ery s trong p e
rfo rmance .
appea red s epa ra tely , t hough t hey s ha re a f
rom i t as ubs tan tially diffe ren t s et o f tracks S
ound i s n ot p articula rly g ood , e ven f or
c
er tain u nify ing c harac te r. E ach i s as ma l
l w
ith wh ich t o m ake u p a r epresen ta t
ive v
i ntage s
t uff; b u t
, d espite a c ertain
g
em d isp lay ing t ho se f a
ce ts o f t he b and o ne r
eco rding . O f c ou rse, Id on '
t k now h ow r
oughnes s when t he e nsemb le o r j ust t he
h
ea rs l e
s s f requen tly o n r eco rd t hese d ays : much m ate ria l Swagg ie h ad a cces s t o, a nd b
ra s s ar e p lay ing, t he mus ic i s a live a nd
t
h e a
bso lu tely u
nique t
extu res , t
he e
ve ryone s
hou ld b e g ra tefu l f or t his immed iate. —J.C.
A m asterfu l a l
te rna t ion o f t he m e
llifluou s a nd oppo rtun i ty t o f i
ll in g ap s o r r eplace wo rn
the d is sonan t, t he c ommand o f o rches tral c
op ies .
ove r
tone s wh ich a llows E lling ton t o produce Persona lly . Iw ould h av e l imited t o t h
ree
gho stly n o tes i n a dd i t
ion t o t ho se b eing o
r f ou r t ho se t racks o n wh ich C oun t B asle
actua lly s
ounded on t
he in
strumen ts s
oloed w i th j ust t he r hythm s ec t
ion . H ere
emp loyed a t ag iven t ime . we h ave a who le s i
de o f p i ano s olos, w ith
JABBO SMITH — J
azz makers
' S
eries
.
Th
is i s ag rea t b and o f e ithe r t he l ate ' 40s two mo re o n t he r everse. T he re i sjust t oo
Swagg
ie S
1212
. Mono.
or v ery e arly ' 50 s. T he b ras s s ection h as a much b rillian t b and s tuff f rom t his p eriod ,
r
eal t imb re t ha t n o o the r b and e xcep t D izzy mo st o f wh ich h as b r
ief s olo s b y t he C oun t,
Gillesp ie's h as e ven r emo te ly a pp rox ima ted who i sa t h i s mo st effective i n t his c on tex t
(
so m any g ood b ig b ands s ound a s t hough —a t l east , t ha t i s my h umb le o pinion . We Im ay b e m i
staken , b ut It h
ink i t was
t
hey h ave t he o ne b ig c lean , p recise t rumpe t a
re l ef
t w ith s ix b and t racks . T his b eing t he J
abbo Sm ith who p ut acrown o n his head
r
athe r t han a g lo riou s c ho i r) a nd ap rec ision c
ase , Iwou ld n ot hav e included f ou r Jimmy o
ne n igh t when h e h ea
rd L ouis A rmstrong
t
h at G ille sp ie's i nsane a gg reg ra tion w ere n o
t Ru sh ing v ocal s, much a s Ia dm i re h im — i n p
laying t rump et i n aC h
icago c lub i n t
he
r
eally t
r ying f
o r. The r eeds h ave a po
in t o f f act, Ie n
joy R ush ing 's l a
ter wo rk '
twenties . The g es
tu re implied t hat he w as a
v
olup tuou s y et mu scu lar f ullnes s t h at n o much mo re t han h is wo rk o f t h
is p eriod , b
etter t r
umpe ter than L ouis. H e w ent on
b
and — e xcep t E lling ton 's o wn i n t he m id a
nd Iam n ot a lone i nt h
is. t
he stand t o prove h i
s cla
im , f a
iled, and lef
t
'
50 s a nd e arlie r i n t he ' 40 s —h a s eve r c ome It
's a l
l s tuf f t hat i sw ell wo rth h aving — t
he c l ub d iscomf i
ted a nd emba rrassed —
near. B ut o ne d oe s n ot h ea r t he b and i n but wha t ar eco rding i t wou ld h ave b een i f w
ith L ouis o n the stand, w earing t he c
rown
te
rms o f s ec tions : r athe r a s a s wirling , e
ve ry th ing w ere u p t o t he s tanda rd o f a
nd p l aying s ome o f t he meanes t a nd
f
lowing c
u rren t, s
piked by fl
aring '
Sw ing ing t he B lue s
' a nd ' Lady B e Good '. s
avages t trumpe t ofh is l
i
fe.
d
issonance s,g rea t r u mb ling p eda l n otes. The f i
rs t s howca ses t he con tras ting s tyle s of B
ut, Ir epeat, Imay b e m is
taken . Ifso, I
Isugge st t hat , i fy ou r eally w an t t o k now B
as ie's t wo t eno r s tars, L este r Young a nd a
polog ise t o J abbo , who w as o ne of the

ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 1
05
 J
AZZ
g
r ea tes t t rumpe ter s o f t he ' twen ties a nd B
lues' —t he only tile Ik now o f on which your a
ttent
ion a s soon asposs
ible. Deadline
w ho i sa n u nnecess a rily n eg lec ted mus ician . h
e re corded o n this ins
trumen t —a nd t he l
oom s —s o, in place o
f adetailed analysis
,
The M elbou rne r e
is sue l abe l Swagg ie d id a
gi
le t uba o f H ayes A lvis o n ' San S ha y
ou h ave my wo rd tha
t thi
s i s afuriously
some th ing t o r emedy t hi s p oo r s ta te o f S
tomp '. sw
inging jazz al
bum ; w
ell r
ecorded, though
affa irs b y p u tting o ut a1 6-t rack o fJ abbo i n Thi
s i sa n e xcel
lent r ecord b y mu s
icians Woods is abit f
arb ack a
ttimes,p ar
ticularly
it
sJ azzmake r sS e ries. who h ave b een t oo q u
ickly f orgotten. B ut o
n 'Capricc
i'. —J
.C .
These s ide s w ere m ade i n 1 929 f o
r d
on't e xpec t it to b e greater t h
an L ouis
American Brunsw ick , apparent ly A
rms trong 's Ho t Five and H otS even groups
encouraged b y O keh 's s ucces s w ith i ts o
f the ' twenties. A nd d on't expec t better MASTER JAZZ P IANO , Volu me One
.
Arms trong H ot F ive a nd Ho t S even r eco rd s
. t
rumpe t f r om J abbo Sm ith than y ou e ver IGot Rhyth m , IWant a L itt
le Gir
l,
They p rove t ha t J abbo Sm ith w as ag r eat h
eard, o rw il
lh ear, from L ouis
. —B .W. Anything f or You, Squeeze Me,
t
r umpe ter w i th a t echn ique t ha t c ou ld h ave Lady B e Good a nd f
ive blues
been f as te r t han L ou is'. B ut h e l a cks L ou is
' improvisations by Earl H
ines, Sonny
poi se, i nven t ion , ma jes ty — g enius , f orw ant
White
, C laude Hopkins , Cl
iff J
ackson
o
f ab et te r wo rd.
a
nd Jay McShann . Swagg ie 5
1274 .
He h ad s ome g rea t men w ith h im , t oo.
S
tereo.
Oma r S imeon , who w a s J e lly R ol
l Mo rton 's
f
a vou ri te c la rine ttis t, i so n s evera l t racks ,
a
nd s o a r e t h e p ian i sts E a r
l F raz iera nd A lex N ow a va i
lab le o n t he Au s tralian ' Swagg ie'
P
hiV Voods
H
il l. A s w ell t h ere a re H ayes A lvi s o n t uba l
abe l, t his i samos t i nte res t
ing a l
bum o ff i
ve
3x
it
i
sLim e
d
(
he p layed b as sw ith E ll
ing ton f or awh ile i n mains tream p i an ists r eco rded b y Ma ste rJ azz
k
t
-
ydr
1M oc
i-ur
e
t
h e ' th irties ) a nd t he m agn ificen t I k ey Reco rd ing o n f ive d if feren t s e
s s
ion d ates
d
t
iv
R ob inson o n b an jo . T he b an jo i sn ot o ne o f a
round m id -1969 .
Mcntre
ux
my f a vour ite i nst rumen ts , b ut R ob inson I
ti sr athe r d isappo in ting t hat o ne r a
re ly i f
J
d
zzF e
smd lo
s
p
l ays s plend id s tuff , t astefu l
ly a nd - w i th e
ve r h ea rs s o
lo j a zz p i ano a nd , in f act
, f our
f
o rm idab le t e chn ique . o
f t he f i
ve p i an ists o n t hisa lbum h ave n eve r
On t h c f i
r st t r
ack — ' Go t B utter o n I t' — b
efo re r ecorded a lone .
h
e p l ays t wo s ho r t g uita r s olo s
. Sm i th s ings Io f
ten wonde r h ow m any c on tempo ra ry
on s evera l t r acks a nd h ere h e t u rn s o ut a jazz p i anis ts c ou ld c rea te e xcitemen t a nd
s
ca t c ho rus , mo re i n t he s tyle o f G eo rge make ap iano s wing i fy ou t ook t he b as sa nd
Thoma s , o f McK inney 's C ot ton -P icker s
, d
rums a way .
t
han t hat o f L ou is A rms trong . Wh ich s til
l Each o f t he f ive p i an ists h ere p lays o ne
means f i
r st-ra te . s
tanda rd a nd o ne 1 2-ba r b lue s, a nd i n my
O n ' S
leepy T ime B lues ' w hich , b acked b y op
in ion E arl H ines i s e asi
ly t he mo st
'
Lit tle W illie B lue s', Ii mpo rted f rom t he i
nte res ting a nd b y f ar t h e b e st e xecu tan t
.
Sta tes n ea rly 2 0 y ea rs a go , h is s cat s inging i s H
is t wo n umbe rs — F̀eel in' F ine B lues 'a nd
i
mpas sioned . No tice R ob inson 's g rea t b reak '
I Go t R hy thm ' — o ccupy n ea r
ly e l
even
b
etween t he v oca l a nd t rumpe t c ho ruse s
. m
inu te s o f p lay ing t ime a nd s ome o f h i
s
T his t r
ack i sb eaut ifu l a f te r-hou rs s tuf fa nd b
roken r hy thms , f or w h ich h e i sf amou s,a re
shou ld a
ppea l t
o t
h e d
istingu ished b
rea th tak ing .
Me lbourne mtis ic ian , Adr ian H
. H
ines , w ho i sa t t he p eak o fh isp laying a t
Mon sbou rgh , who a lso r e co rd s f or Swagg ie. PHIL WOODS AND H IS EUROPEAN t
he momen t, m ake s f r
equen t t ou rs i n
There are s
hade s of A dc , too RHYTH M MACH INE - A t t
he E
ng land a nd i t i s o ur g r eat l oss t hat n o
(fo re shadow ing s wou ld b e a n a p te r i f Montreux Jazz F estival
. Capricci p
romo te r h as b rough t h im t o A ustra lia
clums ie r wo rd ) i n G eo rge J ame s' c larine t Cava
leschi, IR e me mber Bird, Ad b
ecau se, u nlike many j azz p ian i
s ts p lay ing
solo o n ' Till T imes G et B ette r'
. T his t rack I
nfinitu m R
iot. P h
il Woods , al
to sax; t
oday , H ine s wou ld a ppea l e qua lly t o b oth
beg ins w ith aq uo te b y E arl F raz iero np iano George Gruntz, piano ; Henri Texier
, f
ollower s o f t rad itiona lj azz a nd t ho se w ho
from R achman inoff s P re lude i n C S ha rp b
ass; Danie
l Hu ma ir, dru ms
. MG M p
ref e r t he modern s tyle.
Mino r a nd t h en a fter a f a
st p as sage b y 2315 009. Stereo. For s heer w arm th , t one a nd m eaty
Fraz ie r
, g oe s i nto a m ed ium s low t une o f voicing s, C l
if f J ackson 's r ende ring s o f
the ' Lazy R iver — Good T ime F l at B lue s' 'Memph is B lues ' a nd ' Squeeze M e' a re mo st
pat te rn . Phil Woods i so ne o f as e
lec t g roup o f appeal ing : a lthough o lde r t han t he o the r
J
abbo o pen s ' C roon in' t he B lue s' w i th a mus ician s w hose a bility a nd n umbe rs wou ld pian ists u nder r eview ( he w as b orn i n 1 902 ),
b
reak wh ich c ou ld w e
ll h ave b een i nsp ired i
nd ica te t ha t iti sp ossible f o
r s ome b ut n ot he h as e very th ing u nde r c omp lete c on tro l
by L ou i s
' i ntroduc tion t o ' West E nd B lue s', m any wh ite m en t op lay g reatj a
zz.T he m en and Ic ould d etec t n o t r
ace s o f u nce rtain ty
m ade t h e y ea rb efo re. he h as w ith h im h ere p rove t hat i sp ossible i
nh isp lay ing .
Lou is was , I t h ink , t
he f
irst f
o r aE uropean r hy thm s ection t o g o l i
ke One c ou ld h ard ly s ay t he s ame a bou t
corne ttist -trumpe ter t o p l ay a gain s t s top hel
l, b ut t hey a rej ust a bou t th e only o ne s I C
laude Hopk in s, who i so ne y ea r y ounge r
cho rd s o n r e co rd , a nd J abbo f ollows have h ea rd d o i t
. and a
l
though h
is own compos i t
ion ,
p
roud ly a nd a bly i nh i sf oo ts tep so n ' Bo ston Wood s, s ome o f w ho se b est p erfo rmances 'Any th ing F orY ou ', l a
s ts o n ly 2m in . 3 5sec .,
Scuff le' a nd ' Mich igander B lue s'. were w ith t he D izzy G ille spie b and , r ema ins itisi nclined t ob e r athe rr epe titiou s.
H
i s f as t o pen ing b reak o n ' Take M e t o t h e ab oppe r i n b as
ic c oncep t, t hough h e h as Some o
f t he p
ian ists a re j us
t a s
Rive r' s uppo r ts t he t h eo ry t hat h e m ay h ave c
e rtain ly f elt t he i nfluence o fC oltrane a nd comfo r tab le w ith a s tanda rd t une a s t hey
been a f aster t echn ic ian t han L ou is. H e Orne t te C oleman . I n f act, h is h a rd-edged a
r e w ith a 1 2-ba r b lues , b ut J ay McShann i s
p
l ays wond rous a nd mu ted t rumpe t b eh ind a
lto s ound i s a t t ime s r em iniscen t o f obvious ly mo re a t h ome w ith t he b lue s
S
imeon 's c lar ine t o n ' Swee t' nL ow B lue s'. Coleman ' s
, t hough i t i s mo re g r ainy i n s
e quence wh ich i sh i
s r eal t hing . S o ' Friday
S
imeon , o ne o f t he mo st a ccomp lished o f t
e xtu re, l e
s s e lectrically b righ t, and t hat i s S
tru t' wh ich i se xuberan t a nd v i
ta l, c ome s 1
.4

a
l N ew O r leans c l a
rinet tist s ( and God t
h e w ay h e h a
sa lways s ounded . off much b e tter t han ' Lady B e Good '.
know s h ow many e xce llen t o nes t he re Woods g e ts o n h i
sb ike a nd p edals l i
ke m ad Those o f u s who g r ew u p w ith B illie
we re ), i sa t h i s b es t o n ' Li ttle W illie B lue s', f
rom t he o pening b ar
. T he b ike s oon l e
ave s Holiday 's h eartrend ing v ersion o f ' S
trange
'
Ace o f R hy thm , ' Swee t ' nL ow '
.. A nd h e t
h e g round . I ti si ntere sting t o hea r T ex ie r F
ru it ' w i ll a lway s r emembe r t h e v ery
j
ump s i nto h is a lto s ax s olo o n ' Bo s ton a
nd H uma ir p rov iding av a r
iety o fr hy thm ic b
eau tifu l a nd s en si t
ive p iano wo rk o fS onny
S
cuff le'. A dm i tted ly , h is c larine t p lay ing o n l
andscape s f or Wood s t o f ly o ver. F am ilia r Whi te . O n t h
is o ccas ion S onny c on tribu tes
t
his r eco rd i sn ot s o i nsp i red a s w ith J e
l ly bop p hrase s ta ke o n an ew l i
fea st he g round f
ou rs e cond s mo re t ime t han E a r
l H ine s
,a nd
Roll Mo r ton a nd E arl H ines a bou t t he s ame b
enea th t hem g i
yes s l
iding o ffa tr igh ta ngle s, t
his w as h is f i
rst r e co rd ing d ate s ince t he
t
ime . s
tab i
li ses, r ushe s f orwa rd w ith a d ark '
fortie s.
Ca sin S impson w a s j ust a n o b scu re - n ame c
omp lex ity o f f orests, a nd t hen d rop sa way When h e a rriv ed a t t he s tudio h e h ad
t
o m e u ntil Ih ea rd t his r eco rd . H e p lays t
o t he r ea r i n h alf t ime , o nly t o b egin n
o th ing p repa red — h av ing m isunder stood
mo st u nusua l p iano , f or t he p e riod , o n j
ump ing u np red ictab ly a s though r ocked b y t
hat M aste r J azz wou ld s pec ify t he t une s! I n
'
Take You r T ime '. I ti sq ui te d ifferen t f rom e
xp lo sion s
. I t w ould h ave b een i nte resting s
pite o f t h
is , o nly o ne t a ke o f e ach t une
t
he compara tive ly s
imp le, c
lea r-cu t t
o h ea r C ha rl
ie P arke r a nd E lvin J one s o r h
ere w as n eeded — a nd h e p lay s ' B
lue s f or
r
i
gh t-hand o c tave s tyle . E arl F raz ie r u se so n Tony W ill
iams , a lthough M ax R oach w as B
et ty C ' a nd ' IW an t aL ittle G irl'w ith e ase
mo st o f t he t racks . H e s ounds l ike ad istan t l
aying d own s ome p ret ty w ild c rossr hy thms a
nd as ense o ff inal ity.
a
nces to r o f M ilt B uckne r a nd E rro l G arne r. a
nd o f f
-bea t accen ts. Signa l l eve l s eem s t o b e l ow a t t he
Allow m e a lso t o c ommend t o y ou r I
ts o h app en s t hat w e h ave j ustg ot h old o f b
eginn ing o f E arl H ine s's olo o nS ide A ,b u t
a
tten tion J abbo 's t rombone s olo o n ' Una t
h
is r e co rd, a nd w e w ould l ike t ob ring i tt o t
h
i si se a s
ily r ec tified . —G . B .

1
06
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 s
ound i
deas f
r
om.
..

CS-63 DX
Ct
)PI O N EE R

;
SO*
1
.0
141
SA
-900
CS
-77A

S
tereo amp
lif
iers
, t
uners a
nd
r
ece
ivers f
eatur
ing m
inimum
h
armon
ic d
istor
tion
.

S
X-770 T
uner Ampli
fier. 20
-40,000
P
L-31D H
z-±-3
dB. 1
5W B.M.S. per c hannel
i
n
to 8 ohms . H
armon
ic d istor
tion less
t
han 0
.8 % at r ated ou
tpu
t. Mul
tip
le
I
npu
ts Including m ic
.; mul
tip
le out-
S
uperb H
i-F
l s
peakers t
o s
ui
t A
dvanced b
elt
-dr
ive t
urn
tab
les p
uts
; f
i
lters, etc
.
e
very a
ppl
ica
tion
. I
n c
abine
ts, e
ngineered f
or m
inimum wow S
A-900 Amp l
ifier. 2 0-50
,000 H z-±-3
dB .
u
nmoun
ted o
r c
omp
lete k
i
ts. a
nd f
l
utter
. 5
0W R .M.S. p er c hannel into 8 oh ms.
H
armon ic distor t
ion l ess•than
;0.08 %
CS-63 DX . 4- Way 6-Speaker System PL-31D 4 p o
le h ysteres
is motor
. Wow a
t ra
ted o utpu t
. Mu l
tiple inputs
, o ut-
1
5" Woo fer
; two 5" mid range; Horn and fl
utter less than 0,
1 %. Car
tridge; p
uts
. fi
lters
, e tc.
Tweeter
; 2 Horn s uper
-tweeters
; 2 0
- PC-35 I
nduced-magne t t
ype 1
0-
20
.000 H z; 80 Wat
ts. 2
5,000 H z.
S
tereo sys
tems t o su
it the mos t
CS-77A 4- Way 4 -Speaker S ys
te m. 12"
d
emand ing li
stener
. E very com -
Woo fer
; 5
" mid-range ; 3" cone
t
wee ter
; mult
i-cellular ho
rn s
uper-
p
onent ma tched for p erfect
ion
s
onic t
weeter; 2
5-20.000 Hz
; 6
5 i
n sound. The items i lustra
ted
Watts. Re movable g r
ille a
re o n
ly a sma ll p art of t he
WORLD 'S L ARGEST RANGE
OF HI-F
l AND NOTH
ING BUT
H
I-F
?
S
ee a nd hear P IONEER at
s
e
lec ted HI-Fl SPECIAL
ISTS
t
hroughout Aus
tra
lia.

'
P
IONE
ER PLAYS
E
V
ERYTHING BE
TTER
F
OR Y
OU.
'
A
stronics A
ust
ralas
ia Pty
. L td
.,
1
61 Sturt S
t
reet, S
outh Melbourne
. 3
205

T
-6600 i P
lease send PI ONEER c a
talogue and
l
i
st o
r n
earest d
ealers (P
lease
PR
INT )
H
eadphones f
or p
ersona
l l
i
sten
- S
tereo t
ape d
ecks a
nd t
ape r
e
-
i
ng
. P
erfec
t s
ound w
ithou
t c
orders
. '
P
rofess
iona
l' 4 t
r
ack NAME
f
a
tigue
. r
ecorde -s w
ith e
very c
once
iv-
ADDRESS
a
ble f
eature
.
S
E -30
. 2 0-20,000 H z
, 8 o hm, 0 5W
p
er c hannel
T
-6600 Auto
-reverse Tape Deck 50
- .
SE-50 2 0
-20,000 H z
. S epa
rate twee
ter
1
5,000 H
z 2dB S /N ra
tio l
ess t
han POSTCODE
a
nd v o
lume c ontrols. 8 o hm
, 05 W
5
5dB.
p
er c hannel
,
V 4
7

1
07
ELECT RON
ICS TO DAY — J
ULY 1
971
 .
the b
est-ever
i
s
sue o
f Modern Mo
torp
resen
ts:

$11
,00
C
O
i
N
nw
T
E
h
ST
ich eve
ry r
eadercan
c
ompete
.You c
an win a
MERCEDES
-BENZ 2
50
am p
l
us a h
ost o
fpr
izes
F
ul
ldeta
il
si nthe
f
e
ature—packed
A
ugus
ti s
sueo nsa
le
f
i
rs
tw eek inJu
ly
DON
'T M
ISS I
T
!
AT ALL N
EWSAGENTS

1
08
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY - J
ULY 1
971
 P
OP T
RENDS O
N T
W
HE S
ITH J
CENE
OHN CLARE

T
HE D
ALY W
I
LSON P
HENOMENON
until i t w a s p ut ting o ut mo re w a t
ts
t
han a s y mphony o rche stra. T he
a
nswe r i s b readth a nd r i
chne ss o f
s
ound , a s w ell a s a v a rie ty o f s olo
i
nst rument s t o b reak t he c ur se o f t he
i
nev itab le g uitar , p lay ing wha t u sua lly
s
ounds l i
ke t he s ame s olo y ou h ea rd
l
ast t ime a nd t he t ime b efo re. A b ig
b
and c an f i
l
l o ut h uge c ho rds a nd
p
roduce u nusua l t exture s a nd v o
ic ing s
—p articu lar ly ar ange o f i nt r
igu ing a nd
o
ften e
xciting d
issonance s which
wou ld be s hee r a gony i f v oiced
e
n t
ire ly o n e l
ect ric i ns trument s ath igh
v
olume .
The D a
ly W ilson b and w as f ormed i n
1969 , when d rumme r Wa r ren D aly
r
eturned t o S ydney f rom Ame rica,
whe re h e h ad p layed w ith t he S i
Zentne r b and a nd t he G len M iller
r
eviva l o rche st ra u nde r B uddy D e
F
ranco . W ith h i
s o ld f riend a nd
mus ical a
s socia te, t
r ombon ist E
d
W
ilson , h e i nspired a g roup o f t op-line
mus icians t o d evo te a l ot o f t ime a nd
e
n thus ia sm t o t he r ehea rsa l o f ab and
B
IG B
ANDS MAY N
OT B
E C
OMING B
ACK
, B
UT D
ALY W
ILSON I
SHERE
!
which w as o bvious ly g o
ing t o r ema in
on
ly a p art-time t hing , o ve r a nd a bove
t
heir r egu la r j ob s, f or a n i ndefin ite
p
e r
iod . Mus ic ian s wo rk f unny h our s
,

I
T S EEMS d oubtful t o me t hat " b
ig t
he o lder l i
stene rs a nd s tartle t he a
nd t hey g e t t ired l i
ke e ve ryone e l
se,
bands a r e c om ing b ack" — b ut a tthe younge r o ne s b y u nlea sh ing t he f u
l! s
o Wa r ren mus t h ave b rought s o me
s
ame t ime i t isq uite c lea r t hat the b
ig b and s ound o ver t he t op. T hey c an k
ind o f e lect r
ic ity b ack f rom t he
D
aly W i
lson b ig b and h as a rr
ived . p
lay t
ea r
-away j
azz p
iece s a
t S
ta tes.
Doub tfu l t hat b ig b ands a re c om ing i
mposs ib le t empi — a nd when t hey Here a re Wa rren D aly 's i mp re ss
ions
b
ack b ecause Aus t
ralia c an p robab ly r
eal
ly l ock i n
, they c an g e t ap ound ing o
f t he Z entne r b and :
s
uppo rt o nly o ne or t wo t op -class b ig s
low r hythm y ou c an p rac tically l ean "The a bso lute mo st t remendous b a
ll
b
ands , e ven a s p art
-time e nt itie s li
ke a
gains t. Ie ver h ad i n my l i
fe. B ig b ands a re my
Da
ly W ilson . F ortuna te, then , t hat this T
he ir f inal t rump i st he y oung s inge r f
i
r st a nd f oremo s t l ove, a nd o ften a fter
; i
st he b es t big b and w e've e ver h ad — Kern
i B idde l, w ho mus t s ure ly b e t he r
ehea rsals I u sed t
o c
ome o
ut
n
o A us tra lian b and h as r oa red o r b
est p opu la r
, j azz-o riented s i
nge r w e t
remb ling w ith e xc itemen t. I tw as s uch
s
wung t he w ay t his o ne c an ; a nd h
ave h ad . S he i se qua lly e ffective o n ap owe rhouse g roup , y et n ot j ust i n
f
ortuna te t hat i t h as b een a ble t o d
riving s oul ma te r
ia l, b i g p roduc t
ion t
he w ay o f b eing a l oud b and . I tw as
a
ppea l t o s uch a w ide r ange o f age d
ramat ic b allads, or d azzling u p-tempo dynam ic . We u sed t o d o b ig s cream ing
g
roups — a g ood b ig b and s hou ld n ot i
mp rov isat ions i n t he E lla F i
tzge rald s
huf fle s t ha t Iw ill n eve r, n eve r, n eve r
b
e a' c ote rie ' th
ing. I ts hould b elong t o manne r. f
orge t. T he r ange o f t he b ra ss pl aye rs
e
ve ryone . Da
ly W ilson c on scious ly a im f or t he was s
ome th ing e
lse, and I w as
One i st empted t o s ay tha t t he D a
ly w
ides t p ossible a ppea l w ithin t hat e
x tended t o k eep u p w ith t hem . I f
Wi
lson b and h as everyth ing g oing f or a
udience , wh ich l ike s al ot o f r hythm t
hey h ad a c ho rd a t t he e nd o f. at une ,
i
t
. T his i sn ot true, b ut they d o h ave a a
nd e xc itement . T hey e ven p lay a b i
t o
r a ny p assage t ha t w a s d oub le f orte,
l
ot i n t he ir f avour. T hey c an g i
ve t he o
f s yrup , b ut it
's u sua lly i nt he n ature l
ook o ut!"
younge r membe rs o f t heir a udiences o
f as end -up . Some th ing o f t his f e e
l ing h a s infused
s
ome o f t he b est r ock g roup s ounds S
ome m ight wonde r w ha t ab ig b and t
he D aly W ilson b and , a nd t heir
t
hey 've h eard j ust b y alow ing t heir h
a s t o o ffer ap op a ud ience i n the se c
once rt s a t v enue s r ang ing f rom t he
r
hythm se
ction o
f gu
ita r
, bass guita
r, d
ays o f mas s
ive a mp lificat ion , w hen — Mus ician 's C lub t o S ydney U nive rsity
o
rgan a
nd drums to play o n it
s own. t
heo re tically a t l ea st — y ou c ould h
ave b een s e
llou t s. B obby L imb 's A ir
Then t
hey can g
ladden t he hearts o
f p
luck a s ingle s tr
ing a nd a mplify i t Med ia C ompany i s m ak ing a c olour

1
09
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
p
ep T
RENDS
t
he ir p rog ramm ing t o s how a l t he t
ouch b e
lligeren tk nots,u nwind sa nd r eleases
aw ild sk i
rling c ry toh eaven . Hendr ix i sone
f
a cet s of t heir r epe rtoire i nt oo r ap id a
o
f t he few w ho l ooked l ike doing a ny thing
s
ucce ss
ion . T hey w i
ll c onsis tently n
ew w i
th t he t onal d is
to rtions p os
sib le o n
b
reak moods t oo q uickly , a nd t his a
n e lectric guita r
. I tisat r
agedy t h at h ed ied
l
eads t o ac ertain r esidue o f frus tration b
efo re p
utting t
o gethe r t
he t
e n o
r
f
i
lm o f the band which ithope s to s
e
ll
t
we lve-piece b and h e s poke a bou t i n a
o
ve r
sea s
, a nd Blood Swea t and T ears
' a
t t he e nd o f a c once rt, h oweve r
Rol
l ing S tone s i n
terview , a b and wh ich
B
i
ll Mot zing t o
ld us that he t hought b
rilliant i th as b een . O n W . D. &H . 0 . wou ld in c
lude m any e xp erimen tal mu sicians
t
he b and c ould do qu
ite we
ll o n aU.S. B
lue s o ne n ight, C ol No lan 's s mok ing u
nknown i o t he p op w or
ld. O n t h
is
c
ollege t our. Ar eco
rding of their Ce
ll o
rgan so
lo and the r
oa r
ing r
eco rding H endr ix play s mo re s
traight -ahead
a
ccompan iment f rom t he band c rea ted g
uita r,b ut itflies, itreally f l
ies
.
B
lock c oncert has so
ld very w ell and Sound i s e xc e
llent, t hough t he d rums
h
as e ven g ot air pl
ay o n comme rc
ial a
n a tmo sphe re y ou c ould b ite o f f and
c
ould b e ab i
t s harpe r o n s ome t racks . O ne
r
adio, wh ich i s noth
ing s ho r
t o f c
hew . T heir n ext n umbe r w as ab right o
f t he mo s
t s a
t isfying r eco rds I'
ve h ea rd for
amazing. b
ra sh wh ite s w
ing p iece u pdated w ith aw hile.
a c oup le o f t ime c hange s, a nd i t
They d o i ndeed h ave a l ot g o
ing f o
r
c
omp letely d
es troyed the mood ,
t
hem . KLAUS WUNDERL ICH — H a m mond
which c ould h ave b een s ustained f or at
But n ot e ve ry thing . I n Wa rren D aly Pops 5. Roya l Sound S LE 14574 .
l
eas t o ne mo re n umbe r, or b roken b y S
tereo . Babuschk in
, Oh ! Lady Mary,
t
hey h ave a b ig b and d rumme r w ith
s
ome thing d ifferent b ut strong : ar eal Oma Ma ma B a mbola, Let ItBe,
both t echn ique a nd h ea rt. I n C o
l
f
lag-wave r, o r a s ong f rom K ern Love a Litt
le Bit, Raindrops Keep
N olan t hey h ave as o
lo is t o n p iano o r
B
idde l. Fa
lling o n My H ead, Carol
ine, An
o
rgan who c an b ring a n a udience t o i t
s e
ine m S onntag in Avignon, Al
l K inds
Iv enture t he se c r
iticisms b ecause
f
e et. I n N ed S uthe r
land t hey h ave a o
f E verything, Made mo ise
lle N
inette,
e
veryone e lse h as j ust p atted t hem o n
s
trong g uita ris t i n e ithe r j azz o r r ock E
l Condor P asa
.
t
he b ack , ast hough t he re w ere n o w ay
s
t yle. I n D oug F oske tt, o ne o f t he
t
hey c ou ld i mprove t hemse lve s. Iv ery Mr. Wunde rlich i se normou sly p opu lar
, y et
mo st e xc iting a ltois ts a round . T ony
much w ant t hem t o s ucceed b ecause t
o m e h e s e
em s a s i
ngu la r
ly s t
iff a nd
Buchanan i s av ery s trong t eno r a nd u
nmus ica l o
rgan ist. I s uppo se i
t i s
t
hey h ave t he mus ic iansh ip, s pirit a nd
b
a ritone ' so
lo is t a nd s hou ld b e g iven presump tuou s fo r m e to s ay a ny mo re th an
d
ed ica t
ion t o s how e veryone wha t a
mo re s pace . T he t rumpe t s olois ts
, t
h at t h
i s i s ac ol
lec ton o ft une s —s ome o ld,
b
ig b and i s a ll a bout . T hey a r e
howeve r
, a re g ene rally r athe r s t
i f
f s
ome n
ew , s
ome Ame rican , s
ome
c
ertain ly much mo re e xciting , a nd Con tinen tal —w hich s hou ld g o d own w ell
(
though t hey s wing v ery h a rd i n
h
ave mo re h ea rt, t han t he t echn ically w
ith K lau s Wunde rlich fa ns. H oweve r ,i fw e
s
e ction ). D e
ite r V o
ig t i sb eginn ing t o were t o l imit o u r c ommen tary a lway s with
b
ril
liant b ut r ig
id a nd mechan ica l T ed
swing mo re a nd mo re — t he t r umpe t r
ega rd t o t he f eelings o f o the rs, w e wou ld
Heath b and , wh ich Is aw s eve ral t ime s
has o nly r e cent ly b ecome h is ma jor not o f
ten s ay a ny thing v ery i n
te re s
ting .
i
n L ondon . A nd l ook h ow b ig t hey My a polog ies, t hen , if Ia m t alking a bou t
i
ns trument .
were! you — b ut its eems t o m e t ha t p eople w ho
T he b and 's a r
rangement s a re i n t he g
o f or t h
is s tuff mus t sing a l ong , eithe r o ut
ma in q u
ite o rdina ry , a nd t ho se t hat l
oud o r t ot hemse lves,a nd i mpo se t heir o wn
a
r e mo re i nte resting f r om a t echn ica l J
IMI HENDR IX — T he C ry o
f Love. i
nterp reta tion o f t he v ar
iou s m elodie s ove r
poin t of v
iew h
ave awkwa rd P
olydor 2 480027. Stereo . F
reedo m, t
he r i
gid b ut c learly m arked b luep rin t
D
rift
ing, Ezy Rider, Night Bird p
rov ided b y M r
. Wunde rlich a nd h isr hythm
t
rans it
ions , u nsw ing ing s ections , a nd s
ection .
g
ene ra
lly a l ack o f w armth , wh ich n o
t F
lying, My Friend, Straight Ahead
, Actual ly, Ie nte rtain the s ame s pecu lat
ion s
A
stro Man, Ange l
, In fro m t
he when Is ee p eop le s haking t h emse lve s in a
e
ven t he e nthus iasm w ith w hich t he
S
tor m, B
elly Button W indow . f
renzy o f j oy t o . a quite m edioc re p op
band t a ckle s a nyth ing c an d isgu ise. g
roup . T he g roup i sj us
t l a ying d own t h e
The b and s ounds s o g ood , wha teve r i t This is p reviou s
ly u nissued m aterial
, a nd f
ramewo rk. They a
re c
reating t
h e
p
l ays , a nd i ts wing s s o h a rd w hen t he re i
t
' s al
l o f ap retty h igh s tandard . Ia m n ot e
xcitemen t w ithin t hemse lves . A nd w ho i s
i
sa ny p ossib ility a t a l o f d oing s o
, o
ften i n ag reemen t w ith t he p eople a t Go t
o s ay t here i sa ny thing w rong w ith t hat? I
S
e t, or t ho se who w ri
te t he s ame l e
vel o f c
ould e ven b ej ea
lous .
t
ha t this d oe s n ot ma tte r t oo much y e
t c
ritic
ism f or t he U niversity p apers. T heir Anyway , here i sac o
llection o ft une s,e tc.,
—b ut i tw ill i nt he l ong t erm . s
tandards a re d rawn f rom t heir o wn e
tc_ S ound i sv ery b right. R ecommended t o
I s ugge st t
hey i
nve s t
iga te t
he e
x treme ly l imi
ted mus ical w or
ld ; n othing Wunde rlich f ans — w ith a po log ie s to same .
e
lse c ould a ccoun t f or t he e xagge rated
pos sibility o f s uch t hing s a s C ubana
homage t hey p ay such a ve rage mu sicians a s
Chant , f eatur ing C ol N olan o n p iano , E
ric C lap ton , C reedance C learwa ter, U riah FREE — H ighway . I
s
land R ecords
a
nd M antecca t heme w ith D oug Beep, F ree , e tc
., s i
nge rs M elanie, J im S
IL 9 34 100. S
tereo. The Highway
Fo ske tt o u t f r ont —a nd Ir e
ally mean Mo rr
ison , J anis J oplin, a nd s o o n a nd o n.
Song
; T he S
tealer
; On My Way ; Be
o
ut f ront : i t is p oss
ib le t o h ave a But w hen i tcome s t
oJ imi H endrix, Ia m o n
My Friend; Sunny Day; Ride on Pony
;
t
h e bandwagon w i
th e veryone e lse.
s
olo is t
' s e ve ry n ote a ud ib le w ithout Thi
s r eco rding h as a b eautiful f e e
ling Love You So; Bodie
; Soon IW il
l Be
d
e st roy ing t he d ynam ic s o f t he b and ; t
hroughou t. T he band r e
a l
ly moves , itd oes Gone.
t
he t r
umpe t s oloist s c ut t hrough w ith n
o t just t hump d ul
ly. H end rix's g u
ita r t i
es
F
ree h ave t he r eputation o f .being a
p
len ty o f i mpac t, a nd i ti s much mo re t
e
enybopp er g roup , b ut — a s it i s n ot
e
xc iting •to h ear t ha t t han t o h ea r t he in
frequen tly t he c ase — t hey a re just a s
g
ho st o f as axophone s ound s w
imm ing mu sical as m any ' heavy ' groups. This i sn ot
hope le ssly u nde r t he w ave s o f s ound t
o s ay t hey a re a nything t o write h ome
a
bou t. J ust ap leasan t, c ompe ten t g roup
f
rom t he b and .
who w rites fa
ir t og ood m elodiesa nd,o ften,
The b ra ss s ection o ve rba lance s t he qu
i te s u
rprisingly g ood l y
rics
.
r
eeds j ust af ract ion t oo h eavily a tt he I
n s ome w ays t hey a r
e at h
rowback t o
moment , a nd Iam s ure t hat t his i s T
raff ic, i n t hat t hey w ill use p iano a nd
a
cou st
ic g ui
ta r w ith t hee l
ectric in
strumen ts
d
elibe ra te. I
t
's t
he Buddy Rich t
o p roduce as weet a nd s oothing te x
tu re o f
wall-o f-sound s yndrome . R ichne ss a nd t
inkling a nd c h
im ing s ound s. A s t
rong
d
ep th a re s a crificed f or i mpac t. A gain , c
oun try i nfluence , f r
agmen ts o f b aroque
t
his i s OK i nt he sho rtt erm , b ut n o ta c
l
iches , fo
lk e l
emen ts a nd r a
the r res
trained
r
ock : a l
l t hese t h
ing s a r
e p resent, as t hey
g
ood l ong - term p o
licy . I ti sn ote a sy t o w
e re i n T raffic, b ut t hey a re n ot i n t h
a t
d
ism iss t he f a c
t t hat E lling ton a nd c
l
as s — n o t a b
le t o i mprovise a s fr
eely a s
B
a sie h ave o ut lasted e ve ryone — n ot T
raff ic, nor get s o m any t h
ing s go
ing a tt h e
s
ame t ime.
t
hat a nyone s hou ld w ant t od ism iss i t
.
N ot s urp r
ising ly, t h
ey a re much mo re
Fina l
ly , t hey s eem t oo a nxious i n
i
mp ressive t h
rough e arphone s,a nd itisc lear

11
0 ELECTRONICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
t
ha t c are h as b een t aken i nt he re cording t o s
ame l e
vel. T he tempo d oes n ot v
a ry all t
hat
much either. S ound i svery h ard a nd c l
ea r
.
F
RANK Z
APPA
e
xp lo i
t s
patial e
f fects. Commonp lace
phrase s a re much mo re e ffective i fthey a r
e F
rank's g u
ita r is d i
sappo inting. O nly i n
b
eing p l
ayed b y ap iano i no ne e ar, aq u
iet t
oday's i n
sula ted r ock wo r
ld c ould i tb e
g
uita r i n t he o the r, a nd a b ass g ently p
assed offa sg ood i mprovisat
ion .
b
ounc ing o n t he t op o f y ou r h ead. I n a Al
l ina l
l, it
's q u
ite ag ood r ecord ,b ut one
c
oup le o f place ss tring sa re used b riefly,a nd o
fw h
ich y ou s hould hear n o more t han o ne
—a s o n t he B ea tles' A bbey R oad ' —t hey s
i
de a t as i
tting. O therwise y ou'
re l i
ke ly to
a
re p layed v ery s oftly, s eem ing ly f rom a g
et halfway t h
rough t he s econd s ide a nd
g
rea t distance a bove t he lis
tene r
's h ead. f
i
nd i tre
ally ge t
ting on you r wick.
Asw i th T raffic, t hey e xplo i
t t he technique As itisr i
ght a t th
is momen t b eginn ing to
o
f i mpa rting s imp le ' a
dvice ' i n th e
ir lyr
ic s
. g
et on mine. D ig you al i
t
tle later
, F rank .
Donovan d oes t his s ort o f t hing t oo. S uch
t
hing s a s ' Get O n You r B ike a nd D o Wha t
You L ike ', ' Let I t A ll W ait' a nd ' There's JOHN & BEVERLEY MARTYN —
Nobody E l
se C an J udge Y ou'a rew h
ispe red The Road to Ruin
. I s
land R ecords
i
n y ou r e ar. T he t one i s usually t ha
t o f S
IL 9 3410. S
tereo. Pri mrose Hi
ll,
r
eassu rance , a nd Iam s ure t hat m any y oung
P
arcels
, Auntie Aviator, N ew D ay,
p
eop le a re c omfo rted b y t hi
s s ort of thing.
P
er sona lly, I f ind i t a b i
t a nnoy ing. G
ive U s aRing
, Sorry t o Be so Long,
Wha teve r e l
se Im igh t t r
y t of ind i na r
t, Ia m T
ree G reen
, Let I
tH appen , Road to
n
ot l ook ing f o
r aw et n urse; b ut t his isto Ruin
.
t
ake t he mus ic t oo s e
riou sly . Iti sg ood p op
mu s
ic — n oth ing mo re — a nd a ss uch wo rth —h is h armon ies s ound ab it li
ke al ess-hairy
Roland K irk
. T
his i s af olk r ock s or
t o f as et
, w i
th
ali
sten ing ,w hoever y ou a re. —J .C.
'The Gumbo V ar
ia t
ions ' isal ong jazz r ock s
axophones o r f lute a dded o n s ome t racks.
j
am o ver a r epeated f i
gure i n t he b ass
. A
s i su sua l w ith t hese g roup s
, Il i
ke th e way
Underwood p lays as t
rong ,h ard-edged t enor t
hey p l
ay , t h e supp le, f l
ow ing r hy thms a nd
a
nd S ugar C ane H ar
ris p lays a v ery w ild t
he u nde rsta ted f unkyne ss
. Ia lso like t he
FRANK ZAPPA — Hot R ats
. R eprise
v
iol
in. f
eel
ing a nd t e xture o f p iano , bongo ,d rums ,
RS 6 356. Stereo. Peaches en Regalia; g
uitar, b as s a nd f l
ute . T he v oice s of J ohn
'I
t Mus t B e aC ame l' i s ajazz t heme i n
Wi
llie the Pimp ; S
on o f Mr
. G reen a
nd B eve rley a r
e p lea s
ing e nough , wi thou t
modal f o
rm — n o
t u nl
ike s ome o fthe t h
ing s
Genes; Little Umbre l
las; The Gu mbo B
ryce R ohde h as w ri
tten — p layed a gain o n b
eing p articu larly e xp res s
ive.
Variations; It Must B e aC a mel. mult
i t r
acked s axes, w i
th ad isappo in t
ing ly T
he g roup 's m ajo r s hortcom ing i s t heir
f
ew b its a nd pieces f r
om J ean L uc Pon ty o n material. Mo st o f the s ong s w ere w ri
tten b y
v
io
lin. J
ohn a nd B eve rley M artyn ; on t h e ev
idence
These are al Frank Z appa c omposi
tions 'Wi
llie t
he P
imp ' i
s a s eem ing ly o
f this r eco rd ing,n e
i the r isp osses sed ofa ny
a
nd a r
rangemen ts
. On t h
e f a
ce of it
, you i
n
te rm inab le jam o ver ar i
ff similar to t hose g
reat m e
lod ic g ift
, a nd t he w o
rds a re not u p
c
an't accuse him of b
eing s t
uck inthe one u
sed b y H owl
in' Wo lf
,a nd so itg oes
. t
o much e i
the r.
g
roove. ' L
itt
le Umb rellas' has a vaguely For a ll th
is disparity, e verything b egins t o R
eco rding q uali
ty i sq ui
te g ood , though I
Tu
rkish t heme o n saxes, w hich are al s
ound r ather samey a fter aw hile. M ainly , I would h ave l iked t o h ear t he b ass up ab it
p
layed by Ian Underwood a nd mult
i t
racked t
h
ink b ecause i t
'
s a l p layed a t abou t t he a
nd t hed rums as hade s harper.

An I
C t
hat t
urns o
n
t
r
iacs a
tzero v
ol
ts,
e
l
iminat
ing R
.F
.I. a
t l
ow cos
t
A s
ingle IC c h
ip c o mbining the function o f voltage l eve
l d e
tec tor and trigger
, Gene ral Electric
's PA424 s enses a v
oltage d ifferent
ial
a
nd p ulses a triac at a-c zero voltage crossing .. t hus elim inating radio frequency i nterfe
rence . And the PA424 mono l
ith ic IC i
s
a
vai
lable at ap rice l
evel within your reach.
Balanced I nput of the PA424 a llo ws switching a ccuracy o f .±0.5 % of sensor res
istance at the contro
l point. Without t r
imm ing, the
PA424 i nherently has ± 5% accuracy wh ich issatisfactory in many a ppl
ications.
The c i
rcuit c an be used f or te mperature c ontro l in such p roducts a s ki
tchen app liances, b us
iness machines, and r es
ident ial and
i
ndustrial heat
ing . I
tcan also be used as arelay d river
, m iniature la mp dr
iver, p hotosens
itive contro l
, o
r a
s a DC level senso r
.

Tes
t Sy mbo
l Max
. r u
nits ,

P
eak O
ff-State Current IDR M 2 mA

D
.C. Gate Current IGT 5
0 r
n Adc
,
D
.C. Gate Vo
ltage V GT 2
.5 Vdc

P
eak On
-State Vo
ltage V TM 1
.65 Vo
lts

Ho
lding Current IH 7
5 m Adc
A

Features: 1. Differential i
nput 2. A
-C l ine operat
ion 3 . c apabirty to tr
igger s
evera
l type o f t
r
iacs 4. Lo w input current (
2.2 1A
t
ypical) a nd offset voltage (2 mV t
ypical) f
or inhibit 5. Plas
tic package 6. F
lexible connec
tion ar
rangemen ts f or add
ing hysteresis
,
p
roport ional control, and cyc
ling.
Application:1
. Heater c ontrols 2
. Photosens
itive c ontrols 3. Level s
ensors 4
. A-C fl
ashers 5. Smal
l r
elay drivers 6. M
iniature la mp
d
rivers
.

AUSTRAL
IAN GENERAL E
LECTR
IC L
TD.
1
03 YORK S
T;S
YDNEY .2
000
. P
h. 2
98711
D
IST R
I BUT ORS
: Watk
in Wynne P ty
. L td.
, 32 Falcon S t
., Crows Nes t. Te
l: 43
-2107
GEC-Ell
iott Auto mation P
ty. Ltd .
, Ade la
ide, Tel: 23-2700
PB Co mponents
, Me lbourne, Tel: 53
-2766
GEC-Ell
iott Auto mation P
ty. L td.
, Brisbane, Tel: 32-0441
GEC-Ell
iott Auto mation P
ty. Ltd., Sydney . Te
l: 439 -1922
GEC Ell
iott Auto mation P
ty. Ltd Me lbourne . Tel
: 42 3 961

ELECTRONICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971 I11
 B
OOK R
EVIEW
S REV
IE WER
: B
rian Chap man

HO W TO USE VECTORSCOPE — t
he photographs h aving a washed-ou t gr
ey l
i
ke ly t o be —a nd u sua l
ly i s—t heb es tand
OSC ILLOSCOPES AND SWEEP a
ppearance. In a ddi
tion, re
ad ing w as n ot mos t c omp lete t reatmen t a vailab le o n t
he
MARKER GENERATORS — b y S
tan made a ny e as
ier b y t he fact t hat o ne s
ubjec t
.
Prentiss. Published by TAB B ooks 3
2-page sect
ion w as bound in upside-down . T his b ook i s n o e xcep tion t o t he a bove
(U.S.A .
), 1971. S oft covers
, 253 Ihope t h
at this was jus
t an i s
olated case; a
nd mus t b e c onside red av aluab le reference
pages, 51/2" x 81
/"
2 . Pr
ice $ 6
.15. n
ever
theless,d ocheck pages 33 to6 4 before manua l f o
r t he e lec t
ron ic d esign e nginee r.
Obtainab le fro m Grenville Pub
lish
ing b
uying your copy. T he s hape o f thing st oc ome i sr ef
lec ted in
Co. S ydney. t
he s ubjec t ma tte r o f t h e b ook : a lmo s
t
ELECTRON IC PR INC IPLES — e
ntirely, t
he ci
rcuits and p
rinc ip
les
Ten y ear s a go t he s erviceman who o wned PHYS ICS , MODELS AND C IRCU ITS e
xam ined a re tho se i nvolved i nt hed esign o f
an o sc illo scope w as r e asonab ly r are — a nd
— by Pau l E. Gray and Ca mpbell L
. i
n
teg rated c ircui ts. D iscrete c omponen t
indeed , e ven t oday , t he u se o fo scillo scope s
Sear
le, of the Massachusetts d
esign , a lthough t reated , a ppea rs t o be
in TV worksh ips i sm ainly r eserved f or t he I
nstitute of Techno logy. Publ
ished
r
e ally t ough ' dog s'. B ut t ho se s e
rv icemen merely a p a th t owa rds t he u nder s
tand ing o f
by John W iley & S ons I
ncorporated l
i
nea r a
nd d
igital i
ntegra ted c
ircuits
.
w ho d o b ecome f am ilia r w ith o scillo scope
(U.S.A.), 1969. Hard covers, 1016 F
ur ther, s ome n ostalgia i s a dded b y the
s
e rvice t echn iques f ind t h
a t t hey h ave av e ry
p
ages , 61
/" x 9
2 ". P
rice $
16.75 . 6
1-page ' histo r
ica l' t reatmen t o f vacuum
powerfu l d
iagno st ic t
oo l which c
an
Obtainable fro m John Wiley & S ons t
ube e lectron ic s
.
e
lim ina te much s train ing o f g rey m at te r
,
(Aust) Pty. Ltd. Sydney. Tho rough ly r ecommended .
un so lde r ing o f c omponen ts f or t esting e t c
.
With t he a dven t o f c olou r TV - a nd mo re This b ook h as b een s haped t o m ee t t he
e
spec ially o f i nteg ra ted c ircu it t e chn iques — e
duca tiona l n eeds i mp l
ied b y t he d om inance TV TR OUBLE D IAGNOS IS MADE
the s erviceman w ill f ind t he o scillo scope a n of integ ra ted c
ircu its i
n e
lec t ron ic EASY — b y Art Margolis.
e
s sen tia l t oo l
. t
echno logy a nd b y t he u se o f d igital Pub l
ished b y TAB B ooks (U.S.A
.),
I
t i s i mprac tica l t o i sola te a f aul ty c
ompu ter s i n e ng inee ring d es ign. T hus t he 1970 . Soft covers
, 2 55 pages
,
i
nteg ra ted c ircu it b y r ep lacemen t. T his book b egins w ith t he p hys ica l p rinc ip les 51/ " x 81/
2 2"
. Pr
ice $ 6
.15.
exe rci se c an q uite o ften r esu lt e i
the r i nt he t
h at a r e i nvo lved i n t h e o pe ra tion o f Obta inable fro m Grenvi
lle
r
uinat ion o f a p e rf ec tly g ood i n
teg ra ted s
em iconduc to r c
omponen ts , p
roceeds Pub l
ishing Co mpany , Sydney .
c
ircu it, o r d amage t o t he p rin ted c ircu it t
hrough t he p hys ica l e lectron ic s, mode ling
M r
. Ma rgo lis i s o bv ious ly a g ood TV
i
tself . O ne mus t b e s ure e xac tly w here t he and c
i
rcu i t cha rac teristic s o
f t
h ese
t
e chn ic ian h imse lf, a nd t he b ook i s a
f
a ult i s
, a s f ar a s p o ssib le, b efo re p roduc ing c
omponen ts, a nd e ngages t he q ues tions a nd
c
omp le te g uide t ob ath b l ack-and -wh ite a nd
t
h e s olde ring i ron . C onsequen t
ly mo re p
rob lems t h at a rise i n the c ompu te r-aided
c
olour s erv icing . N o d oub t t he b ook c ould
s
oph is tica ted t e
s t i ns trumen ts a r e n ot o nly d
e s
ign o f c omp lex mu ltistage a mp lifie r sa nd
b
e u sefu l t o s omeone who k new n o th ing
d
es irab le b ut e ssen t ial, a nd TV s erv icemen f
unc tiona l a ssemb lie s o f t he t ype f ound i n
wha tsoever a bou t s erv icing — b ut I 'm a fraid
w
il l h ave t o b ecome f am i
lia r n ot o nly w ith mode rn i nteg ra ted -circu it packages .
I wou ld r ecommend t h at a ny b udd ing
t
h e b asic o scillo scope b ut w ith a w ho le The b ook c ove rsf ive p rincipa l a rea s:
s
er viceman b uy o ne o f t h
e m any o ther
r
a nge o f s cope -based i nstrumen ts s uch a s An i n
troduc tion t oe lectron ics ;
s
im ila r t exts a vailab le.
s
p ec trum a nalyser sa nd v ecto r s copes . S
em iconduc to r p hys ic s
;
Eng lish e xp re ss
ion i sa ppa llingly b ad a nd ,
Thi s, t hen , i sw ha t t he b ook i sa l a bou t — Device p hys ica l e lectron ic s, mode l s a nd
t
o my m ind , c ou ld o nly l e
ad t o c onfus ion
s
cope s, s cope -based i nstrumen ts, a nd h ow t o p
roper ties ;
o
n s ome p o
in ts. I n a ddi t
ion , M r. M argo lis
u
s e t h em . Mu ltistage c i
rcu i ts i nw h
ich t r
ansis to rs a re
u
sed a sl inea ra mplif ie rs
; h
a s c ertain ly n ot t hough t c l
ea rly e nough
It i s w ritten f o r t he TV s erviceman h
imse lf a bou t t he t h eo ry h e s ets o u t t o
s
pec if ica lly b ut i so f v alue t o t e
chn ic ian so f Mu ltistage c i
rcu i ts i n w h
ich t r
ansis to r s a re
c
onvey t oo ther s.
a
ny d iscip line w ho w an t t o b one u p o n t he u
sed a ss witche s
.
For e xamp le , l et u s t ake p age 4 9. I n t h e
n
ew i nstrumen ts. During t he p a s
t e ight y ea rs a bou t 1 200
s
econd p a rag raph , t alking a bou t v a
lves
The b ook i s w rit ten i n c onver sa tiona l, M
. I
.T . u nde rg radua te s tuden ts h ave s tud ied
v
er sus t r
ans isto rs, t h e s tatemen t i sm ade :
u
nma thema tica l l
anguage and i
s w ell f
rom p o rtion s o f t h e m ateria l p resen ted i n
"Ac tua lly, t hey a re b oth c urren t d evice s."
i
lus tra ted w ith p ho tog raphs o f t yp ica l t
h
is b ook . I ti s ab ook s pec ifica lly d esigned
S
ure ly t his i s am islead ing s ta temen t t o
wavefo rms a nd d isp lays . E xamp les a re a lso f
or u se b y i ns
truc to r s o f u nde rg radua te make t o an ovice , w hen t he r eal p oin t i st ha t
g
iven o f s ome t yp ica l c olour TV c ircu i ts, e
lectron ic e ng inee ring c ourse s ; h ence i th as
t
he v alve i s' c ontro lled ' b y ag r
id ' vo
l tage '
t
oge ther w ith a d iscus sion o f s erv icing many wo rked e xamp les a nd i s f a
r mo re
w herea s t he t rans isto r i s' contro lled ' b y a n
me thods a nd p rob lems a s
soc ia ted w ith t ha t e
xhaus tive i n i t
s t rea tmen t o f t he s ub jec t
e mit te r ' cu rren t'
. O f c ou rse w e k now t hat
p
ar ticu lar c ircu it
. t
han a ny n orma l t extbook r equ ired f or s uch both d evices d raw c ur ren t. Why c l oud t he
Some o f t he o the r i nstrumen ts d iscuss ed acour se. i
sue?
a
re s amp l
ing s cope s, s torage s copes a nd The M as sachuse t ts I n
stitute o fT echno logy
I
n t he n ex t p arag raph w e h ave t he
s
weep g ene rato rs, a nd a s ec t
ion a t t he e nd i
sr e nowned t he wo rld o ver f or t he q uality
fo
l low ing s tatemen t
. " In a n n pn t ran sisto r
o
f t he b ook i sd evo ted t o t he s erv icing o f o
f i t
s e lectron ic e ngineer ing g radua tes , mo st
t
he c ollec to r e mits a s tream o f e l
ec t rons
s
tereo mu ltiplex c ircu its w ith av ec to r scope . o
f whom a r e e ager ly s napped u p b y
in
to the s em iconduc to r m ate rial. T he
A t opic w hich w i ll, o f c ou rse, b e o nly o f c
omme rc ia l e lectron ic c ompan ies f or t heir co
l lec to r i sm ainta ined a t ah i
gher p ositive
a
cadem ic i ntere s
t t oA ustralian r e ader s. r
esea rch a nd d eve lopmen t l abo ra to ries . A
vo
l tage t han t he em i tter a nd, t h erefo re,
The c opy s upp l ied t o u s l eft al ot t o b e c
oro lla ry o f t his, t he refo re, i st hat a ny b ook a
tt rac ts t h e e lec trons ." A ppa ren tly t he
d
es ired i n t erms o fp r
in ting q ua lity , mo sto f w
rit ten b y m embe rs o f t he f aculty i s mo st
em itte rd oes n oth ing !
F our th p arag raph o n t he s ame p age : " In
an n pn t r
ans isto rm ade o fs i
licon t he t yp ica l
emi tte r h as a bou t + 0
.6 v o
l ts o n i ta nd t he
b
a se a bou t + 1
.2 v olts. T h
is g ives t h e e m itter
t
o b ase j unc t
ion a f o rwa rd b ias o f a bou t
+0
.6 v o
l ts
, e nough t o t urn o n the t r
an sis to r.
The c ollec to rh asa bou t+ 4.5 v ol
t so n i t
."
Wha t's a l
l t h
is? Why d oe s t h
e em itte rh ave
Sydney's only 72 hour s ervice t
o b e t ypica lly a t + 0.6 v olts o r, f or t ha t
Profess
ional Techn ic
ians . mat te r, t h e c ollec to r a t + 4.5 v olts? S ure ly
Work guaranteed . bo
th t hese v oltages d epend o n t he c ircu it
Ful
l range o f Accessories . c
onf igura t
ion . T he q uoted v oltage s a re
Large s e
lection o f pre-recor- c
erta in ly n o t t ypica l
. T he e mi
t te r v ol tage
ded tapes and c assettes. c
ou ld b e z e ro a nd , f o r t hat m atte r
, t he
c
ollec tor v ol tage c ou ld b e n orma lly a t 4 5
v
olt s
, n ot 4 .5 v o
lt s
. T he o nly v alid p o
in t i s
t
he+ 0.6 b ase t oe mi tte rv oltage .
Su rely mo st c onfus ing f or t he n ovice —
a
nd a l t he a bove c ommen t i srelated t oo nly
o
ne p age . N eed Is ay mo re? •

12
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
I
fy
oudon
'tbuyita
t
D
o
ugl
asT r
ad
ingyo
u'
ll
p
r
obab
lypayto
om u
ch!
When Melbourne 's sound equip ment
s
pec ial
ists r elease t heir spec ia
l pur -
chases, enthus iasts f
ro m all over Aus -
t
ralia reach for their cheque books and
s
ave , save
, save!
L
ow p r
ices go hand in hand with h igh quality a t Douglas
T
rading. We be
lieve you C AN h ave the w o
rld 's b est w
ith- A
bove:
o
ut having to p ay t
he w orld f o
r i t
. Wherever y ou liv3
, I
t
's h ear b efo
re you b uy at
wha
tever you want, b
e sure to check t he Doug las Trad
irg D
ouglas T rad
ing — every p
iece
p
r
ice o n ANY p iece of equipmen t before y ou b uy ani- o
f e quipment i s l i
nked t o
w
here e l
se. C
all in
, phone o r write! p
ushbu tton compara
tors'

Douglas
ka
tlk
sg
C
ITY H
I-F
l CENTRE N
ew s
hipment
!
1
91 BOURKE ST
. N
ew L
ow Pr
ice!
MELBOURNE
—63
-9321 A
KAI X-
1
60D T
ape D
ecks
.
'
Wor ld P atented C ross Fie
ld
J
ust R eleased! AKA I G X
-365 P rofessiona l S tereo Tape Head.
D
eck a nd F u
ll R ecorder
. 3 mo tors, 3 h eads, a utomatic '
Ultima te Hi-Fi 20
-25,000 CPS
c
ontinuous r everse, automa t
ic s hut-off
, s ound o n/ with •3 D B a
t 1 P S
.
a
nd o ver s ound p lus a s core of o ther e xclusive AK4 1 '
Integrated Circu
it (IC)
.
f
eatures including the "al
l n ew" glass a nd c rys
tal fe
rrite '
All Si
licon S o
lid State.
h
ead t o g ive 1 50
,000 hours g uaran teed l i
fe! P r
ice o n Rush these at $
229.
a
pplicat
ion .

Monarch — t he K ing o f Hi-F i S ystems ! Made t o D ouglas

S
ony S uper S pec
ial Tape D eck — 630-D with 4 t
racks
, 3
seeds
, 3 h eads. Professional Fu
ll C ontro
l ...e cho T
rading s pecifications t o give y ou t he bes t Hi-Fi ever, at the
p
rice
. Mode ls r ange f rom a l ow $ 195 (l
ike t he one i n the fo
re-
e
cts
, s ound o n sound, truly a magnif
icent model
. E x
-
g
round a bove ) a nd j ust lo
ok w hat you g e
t f or your money ...
c
lus
ive t o D ouglas Trading.
P
ower fu
l s o
lid -state amp lif
ier. 20 WATTS RMS p ower. B ass and
$99 6
0 o
nly f
o
r t
he w
hole o
f A
ust
ral
ia. T
reble controls. Loudness contro
l. T op -quality magnetic
c
artr
idge, a n
ti-ska te d iamond s ty
lus . 2 h eavy-duty w ide-range
s
peaker s ystems h oused i n attractive hand -crafted c ab
ine ts
.
A
t Rear The F
abu
lous M ON ARCH Modu
lar
Conso
le A
t $449
.

B
elow: A v
is
it to Me
lbourne w ou
ld not be c
omplete without a
v
i
sit t
o Douglas T
rad
ing's f
i
rst fl
oor s
ound lo
unge
. S ee $100
,000
w
orth o
f equipment fr
om s peakers t
o sty
lus c
ompara tors and
HEAR i
tin act
ion
!

var
to •

•
T
r
j_
 L
ETTERS
F
ROM
O
UR READERS

S
UBJECT
IVE L
OUDNESS major p
rob lems i
n o
vercom ing p
rojecto
r, s o that t
he sound o n the
mechan ical feedback f rom s peake r
s to s
econd track wou ld c
oincide w
ith the
There isa n e r
ro r in your art
icle on
r
ecord p l
aye r a nd t
ape d eck i
n a
ct
ion on t
he f
i
lm . — R
.L.C.
n
oise reduction ( E
lectronics Today —
mono l
ithic u n
it s. F
oo t
scray, Vic
.
May is
sue )
. T he a r
tic
le s t
ates that 'a
T
he b es
t p l an i s house the r ecord •This system h as been tr
ied in the
n
oise twice as loud o r ha
lf as l
oud i sa
p
la 0r, tape d e ck and a mpl
ifie r inone USA b ut w
ith d i
sappoin ting r
esu
lts. I
t
c
hange of 1 0 dB'.
u
nit a nd t o h ave s eparate s peaker i
s very d iff
icult t o ma inta
in e xact
Any t echnician k nows t hat a leve
l
e
nclosure s
. We w il
l b e p ubl
ishing s
ynchronization.
c
hange o f the rat
io 2 :1i s ac
hange of
s
peake r enclosure d es
igns shortly. We wou ld l i
ke t o h ear from a ny
3d B
, n ot 1 0 d B. — R.J.H. Wemb ley,
An a l
terna t
ive me thod i sto house al r
eade
r s i
nterested inthe techn
ique.
WA.
c
omponent s i n modu lar w al
l u nits —
• Maybe t hey d o —b ut ifthey relate t
hese c an b e p urchased f rom mo st
t
his t
o s
ound t
hey're w
rong ! H
OW MANY WATTS
f
urniture stores.
Subjective l oudnes s j u
st i sn't t hat Why d o dif
ferent t
ypes o
f speake
rs
s
imp le
. T o start with t he ear
's response F
OUR
-CHANNEL S
OUND h
ave di
fferent ef
fic
ienc
ies? — K
.W .M
.,
i
s l
oga rithm ic not li
near. Our P
arramatta
, N SW.
What do you t
hink of f
our
-channe
l
s
tatement i s a g ene ral
isation b ut • See t
he a
rtic
le o n disto
rtion i n
s
ound. — AT
., Double B
ay, N
SW.
b
asically t
rue. Var
ious a utho r
ities s
peaker
s in t
his issue
. We s ha
ll b e
q
uote f igures b etween e ight and e l
even •If God h
ad in
tended f
our
-channel
c
over
ing t
h
is s
ubject indepth i
nf uture
dB. s
ound h e would have g
i
ven us four
i
sues
.
D
r. P ierce, D irecto r o f R esearch a t e
ars
.
B
ell T elephone L aboratcr ies a nd D r
.
David, D irector o f a ccous t
ics r e
search C
ASSETTE R
ECORDERS G
OLD D
ETECTOR
a
t the s ame c ompany , s t
ate 'to doub le I want to b uy a s t
ereo cassette C
an y ou p
ublish a c i
rcu
it for an
t
he s ub jective l oudnes s requires t hat r
ecorder, whe
re c
an I ob ta
in e
l
ec tron
ic meta
l d etector that can
we i n
c rease t he l oudnes s l e
vel b y 9 i
nformation a
bout t
his t
ype o
f l
ocate g
old
. —V.H., Concord
, NSW.
dB
.' machine? — Y
. Y
. Bi
rchgrove, NSW. •Ifwe cou
ld, d
o y
ou t
h
ink w
e'd b
e
• We w il
l b e p ubl
ishing t e
sts of s
i
tt
ing h
ere
!
S
OUND A
DVICE s
t
ereo cassette reco
rders i n t
he very
I am t
hinking o
f b
uild
ing a n
ear f
uture, information can a l
so be P
ROJECT P
ARTS
s
tereogram t o h ouse r e
cord p layer
, o
bta
ined from a ny g
ood hi-
fi dea
ler. Ia m c onstruc
ting t he t ime delay
t
ape d eck
, amp l
ifier
, s peakers
, e tc
. c
i
rcuit s hown a s F i
g. 1 2 i n your
Have you p ublished anything li
ke th
is? S
YNCHRON
IZED S
OUND '
Prac
tica
l G u
ide to T
riacs' (J
une is
sue )
.
—G .R.C. Ballarat, Vic
. Could y ou p ub
lish a c ircuit f or S
o far Ih ave no
t been a b
le t o o
btain
• Good s tereo reproduction requ
ire s s
ynchronizing sound w ith 8m m f i
lms. t
he S CR C 106Y1 . Whe re can I b uy
t
hat s peakers b e placed at l
eas
t seven I h ave i
n m
ind r
ecording a o
ne? — G .G .C. Sandy B ay, Tasman ia
.
t
o eight feet apart
. s
ynchronizing si
gnal onto o ne track of • We h
ave re
ceived ala
rge numbe r o
f
I
t is i mpracticable t o bu
ild a f r
ee a t
ape r e
co rder and t hen u s
ing t h
is l
e
tters complaining of diff
iculty in
s
tanding u nit this la
rge. The
se are al
so s
i
gnal to c ont
rol t he s peed o f t he o
bta
ining par
ts. M any readers tr
y to

R ONG L
EPLACEMENT L I
FE C
ARTR
IDGE
S
A
c
os 9
0 S
e
r
ies - af
a
mi
ly o
f p
i
ck
-up c
a
r
tri
dge
s CORRECT
ION
c
o
ver
ing a
lth
e m
a
in t
y
pes n
e
ede
d t
o
day
, e
a
ch f
i
ted
w
i
th D
i
amo
nd S
t
y
lus a
tnoe
x
t
ra c
o
st
. T
he p
hotog
raphs o
f t
he
G
P9
1-1 MONO C RYSTAL St
ereo C
ompa
tib
le $
8
.95 C
.D.
I. k
i
t a
nd t
he 1
0
G
P9
1-2 HIGH O U
TPUT M ONO CRY
STAL S t
ere
o
C
omp a
tib
le $
6
.95 p
lus 1
0 amp k
i
t a
ppear
-
G
P
92 MONO C E
RAM IC St
ere
o Compa
tib
le $
7
.55
i
ng i
nthe K
i
tse
ts A
ust
.
G
P
93 STEREO C RYSTAL $
1
.55
0
941 S TEREO C ERAMIC $
835 f
i
t
ted w
i
th a
dver
tisemen
t, p
age 4
1,
G
P
94-5 S TE
R EO C E
RAMIC F OR TRANSI
STOR D
IA MOND J
une i
s
sue o
fEl
ect
ron
ics
A
MPLIFIERS $
9
.95 S
ty
lus a
tno e
x
tra c
ost
T
ECHN
ICAL D
ATA S
HEETS S
ENT F
REE ON R
EQUEST T
oday w
ere i
n
adver
-

S
ole A
to
,t
ral
ian A
ren
ts: t
ent
ly t
r
ansposed
.
2
9 M
ajo
rs B
a
y Rd. Conco
rd,
A
MPL
ION (
A
'SIA
) P
TY
. L
TD
. S
y
dne
y, NSW. P
hone
: 7 312
21

14
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 T
-ERMER
--
B
U
ILD YOURSE
LF A
TACHOMETER !
w
i
th o

F
ERRIER METER
M l C
ode S
-260
.i

b
uy p roject c omponent s f rom r adio D
ivis
ion
, P
les
sey D
ucon
, C
hris
tina R
d., • F
SD ImA
a
nd TV d ea
le rs —w ithout s ucce s
s; for V
il
lawood, NSW
. • i
l
umina
ted
.
c
omponent s s uch asS CRs ar e no tu sed • a
d
j. i
n
dica
tor
i
nd ome s
tic r adio or TV s e
t s and i ti
s B
EGINNERS C
OURSE
n
ot r ea sonab le t o e xpec t d ealers t o Ir
ead and e njoy you r m agazine fo
r
P
R
ICE S
I
200p
l
usS
i
toe Ih
e
igh
t
s
tock t hem . t
he w ide r ange o f i n
terest t hat it
S
CALED TO R
EAD:
P
ract
ica lly e ve
ry k
i
t-set s upplier c
overs — b ut I 'm s
ure that Ia m no
t S
C
K/O
,7 rl
000o o
po
oR PM w
i
th o
r w
i
thou
t d
wel
l a
ngle
a
dve r
tising i nt his magazine c arr
ie s our a
lone i n k nowing n ext t o n oth
ing WR
ITE
. P
HONE O
R V
IS
IT U
S
p
roject c
omponent s i
n s t
ock — a
bout electronics. Do y ou i ntend to F
er
rie
r E
l
ect
rica
l I
n
strumen
ts
a
l
though s
ho r
tage o f s pace may p
ublish abeginne rscourse. 4
7a P
enrose St
ree
t, LANE COVE 2
066
Phone 428
-2485
p
reclude t hem f r
om a dver t
ising a l • We c
erta
inly do
! I
twil
l c
ommence
i
t
ems . s
hor
tly a
nd w
i
ll be e
ssent
ial
ly
We will sho rt
ly b e inc
lud ing a n in dex p
rac
tica
l.
o
f s upp liers k nown t o b e s tock ing
p
rojectc omponent s
. C
OLOUR T
V
Y
OU CAN SEE A
LL E.
T.
Why c
annot w e have c
olour
T
HE G
OOD O
IL t
e
levision i
nA ustral
ia — a fte
r a
l even P
ROJECTS WORK
ING AT
Where can Ipurchase the '
eng
ine o
i
l b
ackwa rd countr
ie s h ave had it f
or R
ONEC,372 S
YDNEY R
D.
mon
ito r
' fea
tured in your June i
s
sue
. y
ears. —F.L
., Ashfield, NSW .
—M.V .H., G
awlerS outh
, SA. • O ur g uess i s that the Austral
ian
B
ALGOWLAH, 2
093
•C omplete u
nit
s are ob
tainab
le from Govt. w ishes t o re
s train t
he economy
P
l
e s
sey T e
lecommun icat
ions, Farady d
uring t he current i n
flat
ionary per
iod.
P
ark, Meadowbank , NSW. The '
E' c
ells I
f t his i s the r ea son i t is sound
f
r
om t he P rofe
ssional C omponent s e
conom ic s ense, b ut why c an't they
s
ay s
o? I
ncidenta l
ly, '
backwa rd
'
HOBIP A K
BOX 24 , C ARLTON S OUTH 3 05
3 , VICTOR IA
d
epends upon how you d
ef
ine R
esistors- 14 ,1
/ /
2 o
r 1w at
t 6
c ea.
T
antalum C apacitors ITT 0.10 -
100 0 3
8c ea.
c
iv
ilisa t
ion , FL. C
oil F o
rme rs, 4o r 8p in 5
0c ea.

"
INNERBOND"®
C
ircuit wire, 1/ .0032 8 yds. 3
5c ea.
C
ircuit wire, 7 /.010 81/a y
ds. 35c ea.
P
ROBLEMS 3
5c P acks o f red fi
bre washers, eyelets (.
125"
d
i
a.), n ut a nd b o
lts 6BA, IA", 5 /32 W h
it, dial
B
ONDED A CETATE Ihave re
ad t he M ay i
sue of your c
ord ( f
ight o r s t
andard
).
magazine f
rom c ove
r to c
ove
r and can
F
IBRES h
ardly u nders
tand a wo rd of it
.
G
.N .
, K a
ther
ine, NT.
•We a
l h
ave o
ur p
rob
lems
.

S
TART
ING F
I in
ROM S
tend t
CRATCH
o p urchase some h i
-f
i
E
D
G
E E
L
E
CTR
IX
S
PECIAL
ISTS I
N ELECTRON
IC
e
quipment b ut can o n
ly af
ford t o P
ARTS AND EQUIPMENT
s
pend a s mal
l a mount of money
i
n
itia
lly. Can y ou give me a
ny adv
ise
. NE W S
TORE o
pen
ing a
t
—J.N., Newtown . NSW .
2
5A B
URWOOD R
OAD,
• Y e
s. Buy a good turntab
le a nd
F
OR PACKING IN s
t
ylus, and y ou wil
l have playable B
URWOOD
, 2
1
34 N
.S
.W.
r
e
co rds when y
ou f
inal
ly upg
rade your
S
PEAKER ENCLOSURES P
HONE
: 7
47-2931
s
ys
tem .
F
ULL R ANGE O F:
AVA
ILABLE AT ALL
C
a
pac
itors — R e
si
stor
s — P o
t e
nti
om e
ters
L
EADING ELECTRONIC — Sem
iconduc
tors — T u
nin
g C onden
sers
DEALERS —Trans
former
s —S p
eaker
s —V al
ves —
D
IGITAL VOLTMETER S
w
itches (R
ota
ry, Sl
i
der
, T o
ggle
, e t
c
.) —
B
e
zel
s — B a
tte
rie
s — S t
yl
ii — T ape
ART
ICLE (
B
.A
.S
.F.) — C a
sse
ttes — Fle
x — S o
lde
r-
i
n
g I r
o
ns — R e
lays — P l
ugs — S o
ckets
W
ONDER W
OOL
D
ue toshortage o
f space,
—Termi
nals —T ag St
r
ips —T agboa
rd —
t
he d
ig
ita
l voltmeter M
a
tri
x B oar
d — C op
per Clad Board —
E
t
ch
in g Ma
ter
ial —R ec
ti
fi
ers —C a
ses —
P
TY
. L
TD
. a
r
tic
le re
fer
red to ino ur
C
h
ass
i s —T .V
. Ae
ria
ls —C a
ble —F u
ses
8
7 J
ames St
reet
, Le
ichha
rdt d
ata l
ogg
ing fea
ture has — Jac
ks a n
d J a
ck P l
ugs a n
d K i
tse
ts.
N.
S.W.,2040
. b
een h
eld overu n
til C
OMP
LET
E M
A
IL O
R
DER S
E
RVI
CE
Bo
x 5
48 G.P.O.
,Sydney 2
001
. n
ext month
. A
l
l goods a
vai
lab
le a
tcompe
tit
ive
P
hone
: 56 2780
. p
r
ices. P
lease w
r
ite o
r r
i
ng fo
r a
q
uote . . .

1
5
E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 H
AM N
EW
RAD
IO
SUPPL
IERS
MA
IL OR DER SPEC
I AL
ISTS

3
23 E
M
e

2
40 V
l
izabe
lbourne

o
lt
th S
, Vic
t. (
. 3

, 6 V o
2 d
000

lt o
oo
rs f
. '

r 1
rom L
Phones
BATTERY CH AR GER NE W
2 Vo
i
t
: 6
t
le L
77
onsda
329, 6

lt 4 Amps Sw
le S
7 4
t.
)
286

itch Over Co mp
lete with
L
I
TERA
TURE
L
eads, Meter, Fuse Me
tal Case, S
.E.C
. t
ested $21.50
. P^stage $
1.00.
Bat
tery Charger 6 Amps $27.50
C TYPE CASSETTE TAPES
C 6
0 80c
C 9
0 $1.50 NEVV
C 1
20 $2
.00
P
ostage 1
0c
VAC U U M TU BE V OLT M ETER M O DEL K1420
NE W NATRON ICS P TY LIM
ITED h ave s
ent us t
he
ir l
a
test s
pec
ifica
tion
(
Suitab
le f or FM R ad
io S tereo T/V) and co m municat
ion a pparatus
Meter 195 V /A DC ( 6") Mirror Sca
le DC P robe Test L ead Red a nd s
heets d
etail
ing module
s cu
rrently a
vai
lable f
or t
he
ir modular da
ta
B
lack a nd B ook. High i nput impedance
. 1
1 Megoh ms DCV . l
ogging s
ystem.
P
rice $ 69.50 Postage 8 0c
.
N
atron
icsP ty
. Ltd
.,The C
rescent
, Kingsg
rove
,N SW. 2
208.
M ASTE R M ETERS NE W
Model S34/24F/499. 0
.1 M/a -0
.1 M/a C entre. Read
ing P
lain Face
.
Face S
ize 41" x 41" mounting hole 3
1". Pr
ice $
4.00
. Postage 20c
.
AUSTRON IC ENG INEER ING LABORATOR IES h ave se nt us
d
etai
lsoft he Gree
r M icromanome te
rf o
r w h
ich they areagent
s .
DELU XE 150 ELECTR ON
I C PR OJECT K
IT The detai
ls i n the f o
rm o f a
n informa tive and w e
ll presented
Using i ntegrated circui
t, i n hardwood c arrying case
, c on
ta ins al
l
parts for 1 50 diferent p ro
jects
, i nc
luding I C
, diode and transis
tor t
wo-colour brochu re descr
ibe t
he principle and appl
icat
ions o f t
he ,
r
ad ios . e
lec
tronic switches. re
lays, alarms, test equ
ip men
t, etc.
, etc
. i
ns
trumen t which i sused pr
imar
ily f
o r measuring v
ery smal
l changes
VERY GOOD VALUE . P
rice $30.95
. P os
tage 7 5c
.
i
na i
r o
rg a
s pressure.
STAN D
I N G W AVE BR
I D GE + F
IELD/ S/
IND
I CATOR NE W ALSO FROM A ustronic isa1 6 p
age catalogue desc
ribing t
he r
ange
Model 23-126
. SWR 1:1 to 1
:3. A
ccuracy = 5% . I
mpedance
o
f J& P r a
dio
-isotope scanners f
o
r which t h
ey are ag
en t
s.
5
2 o hm. 1
00 V/A D /C Meter
. A
ntenna 5/sec
tion Co
llaps
ible
.
The scanners -a l o f which a
re intended f or medical u
se -are
P
rice $16
.50. P
ostage 30c
.
d
esigned tocomp ly wi
th N .
I.M. sy
stem s pec
ificat
ion TID 20893.
SC O OP PU RC H ASE A us
tronic E
ngineering Laborator
ies
,P ty. Ltd.,452 Victor
ia S
tree
t,
1 W M"- TRANSCE IVER , 1 3 TRANS ISTOR , 3 CHANNEL B
runsw ick,Victoria
. 3056.
a
nd C al
l S yste m . S
pecif
ica t
ions : Circu it: 1 3 T ransis
-
t
ors
, 1 D iode . 1 T her mistor. R ange: Up t o 1 0 m i
les P
YE T ELECOMMUN ICAT IONS h ave p ubli
shed s ome very u seful
(
depend ing o n t errain . etc.). F requency : 2 7.240 MHz e
ngineering notes to enable use
rs to obtain o pt
imum r esult
s f rom
(
PMD a pproved ) F req . Stab i
lity: P lus o r m inus 0 .005 %•
T
rans mitter: C rysta l c ontrolled, 1 wat t. R eceiver: S up
- t
he4 50MHz P ye Pocketfone Sys
tem .
e
rheterodyne , C rysta l c ontrolled. An tenna : 1 3 S ec
tion In part
icular
, e mphasis isgi
ven t o t
he c hoice and in
stal
lation o f
T
elescop ic. P ower S ource: 8 UM3 1 .5 v o
lt p en b atts
. a
ntenna s ystems, a nd t o th
e r anges w hich c an be real
istically
S
ize 8 1in. x 3 1in. x fin . We igh t: 2 5 o zs. O ther f ea
-
t
ures: Leather c arry ing c ase, bat
tery l evel meter
, o
btained inv a
rious condit
ions.
s
quelch c ontrol
, e arphone j ack . A.C. a dap torj ack. etc
. Pye Industr
ies,53 C a
rrington St
., Mar
rickville
,N SW. 2
204.
P
rice $ 75 A PA IR. S
ingle u nits a vailab le, $ 40 each.
Be early! NEW FROM M cMu rdo i s the
ir 220 p age e lectronic c omponen ts
manua l
.
CRYSTAL RAD
IO K
IT NE W T
he m anual containsdetails o
f 3820 c omponen tsi n
clud ing prin
ted
Model 28
-207. Tunes Am .B/casts c o mp
le te w ith al
l a ss. Pr
ice c
ircuit fi
ttings; sem i
-conduc tor h eat s i
nks, moun ting p ads a nd
$3
.95. Pos
tage 30c.
NE W C/X
. CABLE I " DIAM. 5
0 o h ms
. 95 yd.
s
ocke ts
; aw ide range of switches
; various relays, sockets,b ases e
t c
;
NE W C/X CABLE 3 /16" DIAM. 5 0 oh ms. 4 5 yd. c
onnec tors; p
lugsa nd ja
cks,e tc
., e
tc.
ROLLS 100 FEET. 3
00 oh ms open l i
ne c ab
le. $ 5
.30. P ostage 20c
. Th
is m anua l w ould b e o f great a ss
sistance t o h obbiest a nd
S
INGLE CORE 8 , SH IELDED M IKE CABLE . NE W 2 0c yd
.
TWO CORE & SH IELDED CABLE . NE W 3 0c yd. p
rof ess
ional al
ike a nd w h
ilst iti
su nusual t o charge for c a
talogues,
F
IVE CORE & SH IELDED CABLE . NE W 3 8c y d
. t
h e sheer si
ze a nd c omplexity o f th
is o ne m akes i t ar easonable
T
/V R IBBON 7' YD. 3 00 OH M
. e
xcep tion
.
GE NER AL COVERAGE P
rice $4.00, M cMu rdo ( Aust
ral
ia) P ty
. L td., 17-21 C a r
inish R d.
,
CO M M U N
I CAT
I O N RECE
I VERS C
lay ton, Vic
to r
ia, 3168.
"REAL ISTIC" DX150 . So
lid s ta
te ( as
r
eviewed i n Elec tron ics T oday p roduc t D
IRECT f rom R ank Precis
ion I ndustr
ies i
nE ngland, asing
le page
t
est p age 6 1, J une ' 71 issue ) 4 b ands
covering 5 35 k cs t o 3 0 mcs f ully b
rochure d escribing their new s even element f i
bre opt
ic d ig
ital
t
rans istorised SW/C W/SSB/AM b road - r
eadou
t d ev
ice , ca
lled th
e 'Drod'
.
c
ast 2 40V A .C . o r 1 2V D .C . o peration . R
ank Precision I ndus
tries Ltd
., Industr
ial D
ivi
s ion, 2
00 H arehi
lls
'
roduc t d etecto r f or SSB/C W p lus
f
as t a nd s low AVC - v ariab le p itch L
ane, Leeds E ngland.
BFO -illu mina ted e lectrical b andspread , f u
lly c alibra ted f or amateur
bands
. C ascode R .F. s tage -ANL f or R .F. a nd A .F. -Zener s tabilised RECE IVED f rom Se
lect
ronic C omponen ts ab ookle
t l i
s
ting t
heir
- OTL a udio - i lu m ina ted " S' meter - b uilt-in mon itor s peaker . r
ange o f wound components wh
ich they m anuf
acture fo
r rad
io, TV,
Pr
ice $ 234 .20
Matching s peaker 8 OH M f or u se w ith " Realistic" DX150 . P rice $ 13.60 a
nd e lectron
ic e qu
ipmen t m anufactu
re rs
, G ov
t. D epts
., a nd
"TRIO" 9R59DS . ( Genera l c overage .) 4 b ands c over ing 5 40 k cs. v a
lve wholesale
rs.
t
ype, to 3 0 Mcs . Two mechan ical f i
lters e nsure max i mu m s e
lectivity. S
e
lec t
ron ic Components, 17 Barry Street, Bayswate
r, Victo
ria,4
,
P
roduc t d etector f or S SB r ecep tion . Large t un ing a nd b andspread
d
ials for a ccura te t uning. Auto mat ic n oise l imiter . Calibrated e lec- 3
153 .
t
r
ical b andspread . "S" me ter a nd B .F .O. 2 m icrovolts s ensitivity
f
or 10 d b S /N r a
tio . P
rice $ 178 .50 THE MAY 1 971 i sue ofV ar
iscope , publ
ished b y t
he El
ectron Tub -
4
SP5D. Ma tching 8 OH M s peaker u nit f or use w ith T rio E quip ment .
a
nd D evice G roup of V arian, contains details o
fthe 8873 family o
f
P
rice $ 15.30
LAFAYETTE HA -600 , f i
ve-band , b andspread t un ing , s o
lid s tate SSB - g
rounded g r
id z ero bia
s t r
iode s
, m il
lime ter ref
lex kl
ystrons, Gunn
AM.C W. $199.50 e
ffect osc
illa
to rs
,e tc
.
LAFAYETTE HA -800 . s ol
id s tate, a s a bove b ut Ha m B and On ly,
T
here i s a lso a t e
chn ical d escr
ip t
ion o f V a
rian's range of
SSB•AM -C W . $
195 .00
microwave f i
lters; th
is in c
ludes g raphs i lu
strat
ing the fi
lte
r's pa
ss
N
I BBL
I N G TO OL (
ABEL
) NE W a
nd s t
op b and character
istics.
T
ri ms
, n o
tches, cuts round. square or i
r
regular h
oles a
ny s
hape
s
ize o ver 7/16". P
r
ice $6.20
. Pos
tage 2
0c. V
arian Pty. Ltd., 3
8 O xley Street,C row s Nest
,N SW 2 065.
BR OADCAST BAN D TU NER
Locally made , Mode l 4 01 uses a s h
ielded 3 .stage I .
F. Modu le with I
N JANUARY 1 971 the proce ss control and el
ec tronics divis
ion o f
a single t ransistor m ixer-osc
. An AGC v o
ltage i s d eveloped a nd AC
I b ecame ac ompany i ni t
so wn ri
ght and moved f rom S ydney t o
appl
ied t o the 1 st I.F
. s tage
. H
igh s ens itivi
ty i s o btained w ith a i
t
s pr
e sent location inClayton,V ictor
ia.
f
erri
te r od
. 8-in. long, % -
in. dia m. S ensitivi
ty 1 50 u V
; b andwidth: 8
KHz; s upply v o
ltage: 9 V
; s upp
ly c urrent; 5 mA ; a udio o utput vo
ltage :
The c ompany - n ow c a
lled AC I E l
ectronics h ave p roduced a
0
.5-1.0V ; load i mpedance : n ot less t han 4 7K. Co mp le te i n plast
ic b
rochu re o utl
ining t hei
r c apabilit
ies i n t he f ie
ld s o f r ada r
,
box w i
th d ial
. R eady t o plug in
. P r
ice $ 25.00 n ett
. c
ommun ication , elec
tronics a nd t e
leme try
. T he b rochu re a lso
SOL
I D STATE STERE O A M PL
IFIER c
ontains d e
tails of t he T homson - C SF a nd S erck C ontrols
8 wat
ts r .m
.s. per channel
. I nput f
or magne
tic
, crystal and c
era mic e
quipmen t with which AC I E
lect ronicsi sas
sociated.
t
ype m icrophone. P.V. cartr
idges, tape r
ecorder input and o utput
, ACI E lectronics, 310-324 F e
rn tree Gu l
ly R oad , Clayton N orth,
t
uner i nput
, stereo h eadphone j ack
. Reduced to $ 55.00. Postage
$
1.20.
V
ictoria, 3168.

16 ELECTRON
ICS TODAY - J
ULY 1
971
 t
r
e
nd
WARBURTON F RANK I P TY LTD h ave s e
nt us ac opy o f ab ook
p
roduced b y K eithley I ns
trumen ts de
sc r
ibing a s er
ies o f physic
s
e
xp erimen t
s in which t h
eiri ns
trumen ts can be u
sed.
T
he b ook is s pecif
ically i n
tended f or u n
iversi
ty l evel physics
.
I
ncluded i n the b ook a r
e e xper
imen ts in radiation l aws
, m as
s
s
pectrome try, nuclear p
hy s
ics
, f
r
inge photome try, l
ase
r
d
emon strat
ions,e tc.
T
he b ook i s c al
led ' Con temporary E xperimen t
s f or t h
e
Unde rg
radua te Physics Labo ratory'
.
Warburton F rank i I ndustries L td
. 3 72 E as
te rn V a
lley Way ,
Chatswood , NSW . 2067 .

THE A 8 cR /SOANAR g roup ofc ompan ies have produced a4 2 p age

c
atalogue d escribing t heir ful
l range of m anuf actured a nd agency

500
p
roduc ts.
I
nc
luded i nt he c atalogue a re f
ul
ld etai
l so ft h
eire xtensive range of
p
owe r, a udio o utpu t, transistor d
river
,a nd o ther transforme r
s, fil
ter
c
hoke s, b a
lun s, a nd p owe r suppl
ies. Othe r item s included a re the

L
IGHT D
I M MER
w
ide r ange o f E lna c apacitors
, KOA , and F ox r es
istors
, N oble
p
oten tiome te r
s,a nd I TT r e
ctif
iers
.
T
he c atalogue , s ensibly p r
inted o n ah eavy m at
t p aper, i
ss t
rictly
f
unc t
iona l a nd c on ta
in s mo re detai
led i nforma t
ion o n near
ly e very
p
age, t h
an s ome g lossy b rochure do inth e
i re n
tirety.
A& RE lectron ic E quipmen t Pty. Ltd., 3 0
-32 L exton R oad, B ox
J
ust a
s i
n at
heatre
,
H
ill
,V ictoria. 3128 .
T
rend l
i
ght d
im mers
P
RODUCT GU IDE t o e nvi
ronmen ta
l test
ing has been produced match r
oom l
i
ght
ing t
o
b
y t he N .I.C. Instrumen t C ompany . T he two c olour s ix page e
very mood o
r o
ccas
ion
b
rochu re d
esc
ribes e
nvironmen ta
l t
es
t chambe rs f
o
r l ow
t
empera ture, t empe ra
ture -hum idity
, t empera
tu re
-vibrat
ion , a nd —f
inger
-tip c
ontro
l
y
ing o perations. f
rom a mere c
and
leg
low
Other a r
ea s ofe nvi
ronmen tal te
sting inc
luded i nthe brochu re a
re t
o f
u
ll s
c
int
il
lat
ing
t
empera ture , no
ise and vibration. b
r
ightness
.
N
.I.C. I nstrumen t C ompany , Essendon A irpo
r t
, N or
th E ssendon,
V
ictoria 3 041.
E
conomy
R
ECE IVED — f rom t he Electronic
s d i
vision of EMI — abrochu re
d
esc
ribing th e
ir r
ecent
ly d eveloped blood f l
ow ste
thoscope
. T hi
si sa T
rend li
ght d
im m
ing
d
i
agno st
ic t ool which u t
ilises the D oppler sh
ift of an u
ltrasonic s
aves money
. You pay
s
i
gnal to provide an audio o u
tpu t p
ropo rtiona
te toblood fl
ow r a
te. o
nly f
or t
he l
i
ght t
hat
EMI ( Austral
ia) Ltd
. , Electronics Divis
ion, 109 B u
rwood R oad,
y
ou n
eed
. A
s t
he l
i
ght
H
aw thorne,V ictor
ia 3132.
i
s r
educed, elec
trical
WE HAVE r eceived from L eroya p
roducts a v
ery info
rma tive four consu mp
tion f a
lls
p
age l e
afle
t w h
ich e xpla
ins i n c
lear
, simple E ngl
ish
, p ract
ically a
ccord
ing
ly.
e
verything that t h
e prospective buyer needs to know a bout the
v
arious componen ts o
f ahi-f
i sys
tem. fs
. *

The leaf
le
t packs alot ofinformat
ion in
to its modest s
ize
. I
nsta
llat
ion
L
eroya Industries P
ty. Ltd
., 266 Hay Stree
t, Subiaco, WA . 6008.
T
he T rend 500 s
imply
r
eplaces t
he e
xis
ting
t
o
, l
i
ght sw
itch. Two
mode
ls are a
vailab
le —
a
n architrave type
measur
ing 3 1" x 1I "
,
a
nd a wal
l p late t
ype
measur
ing ,t
1" x 2
i".
E
LECTRON
IC TH
IEF TRAP
L
oad
I
th as b een found p ossible to assemb le
5
00 V
A i
ncandescent
t
h
is circuit ( u
sing t he printed c i
rcuit b oard
o
r f
l
uorescent
.
l
ayout) i nsuch aw ay t hat diode DI i s

1
.
9
0
c
onnec ted t o t he battery side of SW1 ( 1
).
T
his may r esult inp remature f ailure of
t
r
ansis tor sQ 1 a nd Q2 .
The c i
rcuit s hown i nF ig 4 i
nt he original
a
rt
icle i scorrec t and c onstructo rsare
a
dvised t o check t heir b oard layouts a ga
inst
t
h
is d iagram . I find oub t, remove D I f rom
t
he b oard a nd c onnec t i td
irect
ly a cros s
t
he relay t e
rm ina ls
.
Note — t
hi
sc omment o
nly a
ffect
s t
hose f
OR fU
Nl'
HER °HA
ILS WR
ITE T
O:
w
ho h ave c
onst
ruc
ted t
he u
nito n t
he p
c NATR O NICS PT Y
. L
I MITE D
b
oard. Ih
it t
, t t
.
.t'
11, K
INGSGROVE
, N.S
.W. PHONE 5
0 0
111
7
4 RAGLAN S
TREET, P
RESTON, V
IC. PHONE 4
4 5
021

I]
ELECTRONICS TODAY — JULY 1
971
 LE OF THE
BATT
V
IDEO-P
LAYERS
S
TA t
hey a
G
i
n
rund
terna
r
ig
t
e c
, T
iona
ur

l
o
rent
shiba
ly a
ly n
, S
ccep
ego t
ia
anyo a
ted s
t

t
ing w
nd H
anda
ith P

rd
itach
. T
(
Cont

hi
inued f

l
ip
i t
he n
s
, T
o a
ego
ro m p

r
r
t
ele
age 29

funken
ive a
iat
)

t a
ions a r
,
n
e
E
LECTRON
ICS P
TY. L
TD. c
omp lica ted b y P hil
ip s
' q uoted o ffer of f ree li
cence t oa ny
c
ompany w ishing t o e nter the m arke t. ( A similar d odge
MANUFACTURE e
nab led t
he Phil
ip s
-deve loped t
ype of magne t
ic

H
AI I
.
A
1
t
ape-reco rde rc asse tte to sweep t he wo rld.)
SALES
Magne tic s y s
tems h ave s everal t hing s g o
ing f or them .
S
ERV
ICE These i n
clude e ase o f recording ( at le
a st in monoch rome ),
t
he a b
ility t o e rase a nd r e
-use t ape, and t he m inim iz
ing o f
3
92 C
ENTRE R
OAD
, B
ENTLE
IGH
, V
ic.
,
p
rob lems c aused b y d irt on the tape.
3
204
. T
EL.
: 9
7 4
832
. A
.H.
: 9
7 5
539
O
n t he d ebit s ide, i ti sgeneral
ly n ot p oss
ible to o btain a
F
U
LL p
icture w ith t he t ape s tat
iona ry — a nd t he cassettes are
J
U
ST much l a
rge r than t he fi
lm a nd v i
ny l type s
.
R
AN
GE
L
ANDED I
ti s
, o n t he o the r hand , the system mo s t li
kely toa chieve
C
A
N N O
W
L
ATES
T c
ompa t
ib ility.
B
ES E
EN C
o st? — P hil
ip s ( U.K. ) quo te 2 00 p ounds s t
g. f or the
"
ELAC"
INOUR p
laye r a nd a m anu facturing c ost o f 1 2 p ound s f or a
M
ODELS 6
0-m inute p rog ramme ( 100 c opies). D e
livery c ould b e ",
:i
t
S
O
UND
1
0H 1
6
1 s
oon a sn ext N ovembe r.
L
OUNGE
• MI RACORD 770H $249 .50 S
ELECTA -
VIS
ION
NO W WITH ADJ USTABLE
SPEED AN D T ILTABLE HEAD The f i
na l — a nd t echn ica l
ly mo st in
te re sting — s ys tem i s
SHELL AN D I
LLU MI NATED
STROBE RCA 's S elec ta-V ision , wh ich u ses ah o
log raph ic r eco rd ing
P
rec
ise •c ueing—F lipping a l e
ver E
fective A nt
i -Skate S ystem — A
t
echn ique t o e mbo s s a l a
ser s canned i mage o nto v i nyl
g
ent
ly r a
ises t he arm a nd l e
ts i t c
a
librated d ia
l c an b e s e
t t o r
ibbon .
f
l
oat w ith t he s ty
lus a f r
action
o
f an i n
ch o f the r ecord
's s ur
- c
ompens a
te f o
r for
ces t ending t o To rep lay, t he r ibbon i si lum inated b y c ohe rent l a
se r l i
ght
f
ace
. Y ou c an t h
en p os
ition t he p
ro
duce s kat
ing, re
g a
rd:ess o f th
e a
nd t he e mbo s
sed i mage r ecreates the p icture o nto as mall
s
t
ylus w herever y o
u w ant i t
. p
os
ition o f the tonearm o n the
F
l
ipping t h
e l ever b ack r e
leases
r
e
cord. Th
is a ssures u niform
i
mage -o rthicon t ube. T h is t hen e ncode s t he p icture a nd
a si
licone d amped p i
ston w hich
a
l
lows t he arm t o s i
nk s mooth y t
r
acking a ccuracy a t al p o
ints p
a s
se s i to nto t he v iewe r 's TV s e
t, in much t he same w ay a s
i
n
to t h
e s elected g roove. o
n the r e
cord. n
o rma l t elevision t ransm is sion.
T
he RCA s ystem i sstill v ery much i n t he e xpe r
imenta l
s
tage s
, a nd l a
gging b ehind mo st o
the r contende r
s.
I
t
s a dvan tage s a re t he l ow c os
t o f pre -reco rded m ate rial
(
and t ha t
's a l t here w ill b e, f or i t wou ld b e v irtua lly
i
mpo ssible t o h ome - reco rd ) a nd a lmost t ota l disrega rd f or
t
ape m isuse , b ecause e ach p art of the h olog raph ic i mage i s
d
istributed a c
ro s s t he e nt ire 'f
rame ' —e ven o bscuring h alf
t
he f r
ame a rea w il
l o nly r e
sult in as l
ight l oss o f o ve rall
b
r
ightne s s
.
• MIRACORD S ON
, $111.51 • MIRACORO 3 0 $ 151.56
E
xc
lus ive method f o
r l o
cating t he A
l
l t he b as
ic M iraco rd " musts" P
rob lems? — F ir
s t, d eve lopment i s l agging b ehind i t
s
s
t
yius. T
he 5 08 w i
ll t rack a ny
c
a
rtridge a t I t
s r e
commended a
re h ere
! !! and at as ign
if
ican tly c
ompe tito rs
, a nd t his a lone m ay e xclude t he s y
s tem
s
t
y'us s ett
ing t o le
ss t han h a
lf l
ow.' p rice . . . T he s pecially
agram . A
nother e x
clusive f e
a-
c
omme rcially. S econd ly, i tisu nl
ike ly t ha t t here w ill e ve r
d
es
ig ned s h
aded 4 -pole i n
duc t
ion
t
u
re i s the P apst h yste r
esis-
m
oto r p rov
ides u nv ary
ing s peed .
b
e aw ay o f p roduc ing o ne's own ma teria l. T hirdly , t he
s
y
nch ronous m otor which p rovides
l
o
cked -in speed a ccuracy
. E
xclusive f
e
athertouch p
ush- c
olour r eproduc tion s een a t the o nly d emon st
ra t
ion g iven
b
ut
ton c on
trols. F
r
eedom f rom s
o f ar w as so d readfu l t hat RCA h ave n eve r l et an o utside r
r
umble, f l
ut
te r and w ow. Gent le s
ee i tsince .
r
e
co rd h andling.
C
o st i sq uo ted a t $ 400 f or ap laye r
. D e
live ry? — A g rea t
b
ig q ue stion m ark .

VAST MARKET P
OTENT
IAL
Even b y c onservative e s
tima tes, t he p otent
ia l wo rrd
marke t f or video-playe rs i s huge . O ne e conom is
t, n ot
• M IRACORD MI $ 132 .50 M
IRACORD 16
1 $ 67
.01 known f or r a
sh c ommen t, e st
ima tes t he U .K . ma rkete i ne
P
rec ision e lectro-m ech anical c om- F
i
tted W
ith K
ST 1 2 ceramic c
a
r-
p
onen ts i nc
lud ing s uch f eatures a
s wo r
th $ 150 m il
lion ay ea r.
a
s a n
t i-
sk ate s ystem , p rec
ise c ue- t
r
idge f
or d
i
rect reco
rding on t
o
i
ng, d ynam ically b alanced t one y
our t
ape re
corde
r, e t
c. And i ft he prediction t hat video -playe rs w il
l e ventually
a
rm . T
he 6 10 h as a h eavy, move i n
to t he general-intere st and b ook -publishing fields is
p
ressu re-formed n onfe rrous t u
rn-
t
able t hat p r
ovides a n e ff
icient c
orrec t, the potential will b e even grea ter.
f
l
ywhee l e fec t for s moo th s teady
m
o tion . W hile i td o es n ot h ave Which o f the s e
vera l sys tems n ow b eing d eveloped w i
ll
a
l
l t h e f eatures o f t he 6 30 a nd e
nd u p w inning gene ral acceptance — a nd t he rewa rds that
d
eluxe 5 0
11, i t o fe rs f a
r m ore
t
han a utom atic t u
rn tab les i n i t
s mus tf ol
low?
o
r
ice c lass.
We w il
l s t
ick o ur n ecks o ut a bit a nd s ugge st that there
C
ONTACT US FOR T HE B EST TRADE-
IN VALUE w
ill b e t wo. The E VR f or e ducationa l p urpo ses, and f or
* B
ASE & H
INGED L
ID $25
.85 LI
ST PR
ICES S
HOWN b
ook a nd magaz ine p ublish ing. T he P h
ilips s ystem f or
* C
ARTRIDGE E
XTRA
. e
nte rtainment .
T
HE B
ESF A
UTO
-MANUAL T URNTABLES I
N T
HE I
nterna t
iona l c ompa tibil
ity mus t, h oweve r
, b e r eached
WORLD
f
i
rst — f or n o company c an g o into l arge-scale product ion
u
ntil iti s
. •

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971
 You c
an b
e s
ure

when y
ou s
pec
ify M
ILL
IAMPERES
D
.C
.
m1
1

: s
r
tvow ,r
eu

PANEL \ \0 14
111
111
1
A A
r
1
1/ 0 4

METERS
C
C MU M M
IES

a
l
to " KVON
ITIK
I a m •r
i m

k 8
A 00
\\1
111
111111
11/
////
/, •
i
t
s IN
• \
\\`
‘' /
//, tII
I iIl
l
• V '
///
/,
' Vs

A
.C
.VOL
TS
D
.
C.M
ILL
IAMP
ERES
1
1
1.11
1 WOON
IV•
17 r n • Ow%

M ASS KYO
IRITSU YA M M
P ONON

O
n special design
a
pp lica
tions, co
lour plates
can b e i
nser
ted o n t
o the
base por
tion of the c
lear
p
last
ic me ter c
over.
2
0, NE a

a
n
dE DGEW
ISE
D
.0 M
ILIAMPERES

a
l me• ‘, OR M
INJ

M
ETERS
Ac omprehensive range of high q
uali
ty KE W clear p
lastic
Panel Me
ters isava
ilable now to meet a
l
l meter
ing require-
ments. T
he n ew Kyoritsu KM me ters can be ei
ther front
o
r b ack mounted. T he range of KE W E dgewise Me ters
f
eatures a new a
nd i mproved core magnet movemen t
. F u
ll
d2ta
ils a
vai
lable on request.

A
ust
ral
ian R
epresen
tat
ives
:

JACCEY
N o
1
.0 V
001
1
0.
1
111 •
10. 01
.•

S
ATCHE
S
YDNEY
IT 2
6 2
651 B
RISBANE 26
467 1
4 a
MELBOURNE 3
02451 P
ERTH 2
88102
A
DELAIDE 5
3 6
117 L
AUNCESTON 55
322
JM/69
-71

E
LECTRON
ICS TODAY —JULY 1
971 19
 H
I
GH F
I
DEL
ITY
h
i
f •
I
N
INTERNA
TIONAL

Th
issymbo
l
w
or
ld'
sfi
nes
t
Only Ph ilips u se it
. F or these r easons . 1
. RH493/498/497/499 R anging from 15 li
t
re speaker
e
nclosures. 20w R
.M.S. w
ith 8" woofer a
nd 1" tweeter
;
Supe r
ior q ual
ity H i-F
i I n
terna t
iona l stereo
t
o 74 l
i
tre vo
lu me/40w R
.M .S
. fi
t
ted w i
th 12" woofer
,
s
ystems a re s peci
fica l
ly d esigned t o exceed t he 4 x5" mid r
ange, 4 x1
" tweeter
. Al
l 8o hm V.C.
d
emand ing s pecif
ica tions o f the internationa lly 2
. N 4500 4 track 3 h ead s
tereo tape deck. Mix
ing, d uo-
r
ecogn ised standard o f High F idelity R eproduc tion p
lay, multi-p
lay a nd e cho f
aci
lit
ies. Mono/stereo a nd
p
aralle
l p layback. B efore and of
f-tape monitor
ing. S ep
(
DIN45500 ), togethe r with P hilips own h igh c
hanne l m ike con tro
ls. E
lectronic tape pos
ition selector.
s
tanda rd of perfection b orn o f vigorous r esearch 71
/ ,33/
2 4 ,17/
e speeds . H
igh S/N r at
io. H
igh stabi
lity
t
ape transpor t
. F ast wind/rewind.
a
nd d evelopmen t ine lectron ics.
3
. GA308 H i-Fl tu
rntable u n
it w
ith t
ubular t
one arm,
Ph
ilips h ave long l ed the f i
eld interna t
iona lly, p
recise, s
tylus force adjustmen t a
nd hydraul
ic li
f
t.
i
ne lectron ic a nd t
echn ica l d evelopmen ts a nd 2speed, belt dr
ive, s
low r unning s
ynchronous mo tor
.
t
heir e xperts intend t o keep i tthat way . S
ide thrus
t c o mpensat
ion . Floa
ting s
uspension.
4
. RH591 H igh p owered al
l s
il
icon trans
istor s
tereo
Ph
ilips d esign, d evelop a nd manu facture —and ampli
fier 2 x 2
0w R.M.S. cont
. Frequency response
on
ly f u
lly q ual
ified d ealers h and le P h
ilips h i
-fi ± 0.5 db 20-20,000 Hz. S/N 9 0 db
. T
.N.D . 0
.15 % (2 x
s
ystems . S o
, when y ou see t he H i-Fi In
terna tiona l 1
5 w )
. Ru mble and two stage scra
tch fi
l
ters. 2p os
ition
con
tour. Al
l-Input s
elector.
s
y mbo l o n Phil
ips s tereo h i
-fi systems , y ou'l
l k now
5
. RH590 S o
lid Sta
te Stereo Amp lif
ier. Mus ic Power
why P hil
ips e arned t he right t o use it
. 2x 15w1 2x 1 0w R.M.S. F
req R esp 2 0-20,000 H z
± 1.5 db
. S/N 8 0 d b
. Ru mble a nd scra tch fi
l
ters.

P
HIL
IPS
Mono/stereo s w
itch. Auto c ontour c ontrol
. S eparate
v
olu me
, b a
lance, treble
, b ass. Al
l-Inpu t selector
.
6
. RH891 Super sens
itive t
uner
. AM/F M S
tereo
. Swi
tch-
a
ble AFC. Swi
tchable A.M. b
and-w
idth
. 3in
ternat
ional
s
hortwave bands
.

AVAILABLE AT : N.S.W .-Al

lied Mus ic Systems, 2 10 Clarence S tree
t, SYDNEY . I
NDOOROOP ILLY SHOPP
INGTO WN. McKinney R
ad io & E
lec
trica
l Pty
. L
td.
, 501-3
Aute
l S ystems P ty. Ltd, 2 0 Pit
twa ter R oad, GLADESV ILLE . Convoy I nterna - R
uthven S
treet
, TOO WOOMBA
. Mil
ls Electr
ica
l S erv
ice & T V Cen
tre, Gondoon
t
ional P
ty. Ltd.
, Cnr. Plunke tt & MacLean S treets
, WOOLLOO MOOLOO . Magne t
ic
S
tree
t, GLADSTONE
. K
eers R
adio S
erv
ice
, Ade
laide S
tree
t, MARYBOROUGH
.
Sound I ndustr
ies, 3 87 George S treet
, S YDNEY ; 2 0 Macqua rie Street, PARRA -
.
Ma lvern S
tar S
tores Pty
. L
td.
, East Stree
t, ROtKHAMPTON. Woo
lwor ths '
Big
MATTA . P ho
to H i
-Fi, 367 Pitt St
ree t
, S YDNEY . Sheldons of B ondi, 157 Curlewis
S
treet, BOND I. W. Wa ters & Sons, Cn r
. Crown & S tation S
treets, WOLLONGONG , W
,' 3 44 Fl
inders Stree
t, TO WNSVILLE. Chandle
rs P
ty. L
td.
, L ake Street
,
V
ista Dist. Pty
. Ltd.. 78 R oberts Street, WICKHAM ( NE WCASTLE )
. L en Buckley CAIRNS
. WESTERN AUSTRAL
IA-Alber
t's T
V & H
i-F
l Centre P
ty. L
td.
, 282 Hay
Music Store, 120 Pr
ince S treet
, GRAFTON . A.C.T
.-J . B
. Young L td.
, Giles Street, S
tree
t, EAST P
ERTH
. A
. D. U
rquhar
t Pty
. L
td.
. 6
5 Marke
t Stree
t, FRE MANTLE.
K
INGSTON . SOUTH AUSTRAL IA-Rad io R en
tals L
td , 7
7 Rundle S
tree
t, ADEL
- Vox A
deon Nicho lsons Pty
. Ltd
., 683 Hay S
tree
t, PERTH . Musgroves L
imi
ted
,
A
IDE C ha
llenge Reco
rding Co ,6 Gays A
rcade, ADELA
IDE . OUEENSLAND-Myer 2
23 Murray S
tree
t, P ERTH; 280 Yo
rk St
reet
, ALBANY; Ma r
ine Ter
race, GERALD
-
Queen S
treet S
tore, Queen Stree
t, BRISBANE , and INDOOROOP ILLY SHOP- TON; 193 H annan S treet
, KALGOORL IE; 130 Victo
ria S t
reet, SUNBURY.
P
INGTO WN. Packard B
ell P
ty. L
td.. Queen Stree
t. CITY, and 302 Wickham V
ICTOR
IA-
Phi
lips I
ndus
tries L
imi
ted
, P
hil
ips H
ouse
, 2
52-262 S
t
urt S
tree
t,
S
tree
t, FORT
ITUDE VALLEY. Tel A
ir Sa
les Pty
. Ltd
., George S
tree
t, C
ITY, and S
TH. MELBOURNE
. T
ASMAN
IA-
Phi
lips I
ndus
tries L
imi
ted
,2AP
ierce S
t
., MOONAH
.
30 1
392 L

1
20
ELECTR ONICS TO D A Y —J ULY 1
971
r
e
pre
sentst
h
e
H
iM equ
ipm
ent
.
7
. GA292 P rofessional studio qual
ity
t
urn
table w ith u nique electronic b
rain
.
1
.
E
lectronic speed t acho control
led turn
table
d
r
ive. Pho to-e
lec tr
ic OFF s w
itch. Comple
te
f
l
oating suspens ion.V ery low w ow
,
r
umb le
. H ydraul
ic a rm li
ft
. Ful
ly
c
ompensa ted side-thrustf o
ra l
l
a
rm p os
itions.

3
.

11.
)

-
1
5
.

3
E1 1
39214

ODAY — J
ULY 1
971 1
21
 D
i
sto
rtion i
n
L
oudspeake
rs
C
ont
inued f
rom p
age 2
7

s
tre tch ing w ithout u ndue s t
iffen ing a t e
nvironment d own t
o the l owest a
ccurate a
nd e
ffect
ive i
n t
his
t
he e
nd o
f t
he s
t
re tch . T hese f
requency of i
nterest
, and there must a
pplication. Iti susually a b
le tod etect
s
u spens ions h ave h ad t o p er fo rm a b
e am in
imum d is
tance between t he h
igh-frequency dis
tortion b
efore
s
e cond f
unct ion o
ve r a nd a bove s
peaker and t
he m icrophone. a
be r
rations arev is
ible o n as cope t
race.
c
en te ring t he v oice -co il a nd c one. The e a
r w il
l p robab ly prov ide better
Decreasing t he so
lid angle i nto wh ich
They h ave h ad t o p rov ide t he s peake r i
nformat ion t han a n a nalyzer t hat
t
he speake r f
aces
, i
n
creases
w
ith e
l
a st
ic r
esto r
ing f
orce , a
n r
eads t ota
l h armon ic distortion, since
f
undamenta l bass output a nd d ecreases
i
n dispensab le e
lement i
n s peake r t
he l a
tter c anno t, a s can t he e ar
,
d
is
to rtion . T esting a s peake r i n an
design . d
ifferentiate between o
rders o
f
u
ncont rolled a cous t
ical e nvironment
W
ith t he s pec ific a im o f s ubs tant ially h
armon ic di
stortion.
b
r
ing s i nto play s t
anding-wave e ffects
,
e
l
im inat ing s uspens ion n on-linea rity,
wh
ich c an s er
iously a ffec t t he r a
tio The a nalyze r u sed t or t he displays o f
t
he acous tic s
uspens ion s
ys tem
b
etween f undamenta l a nd h armon ic F
igs. 5A a nd 5 D s weep s t he s peake r
emp loyed an ew a pproach t o p rov iding
s
ound i ntens
ities a t the m icrophone o
ver i ts frequency r ange a nd c i
lila ,y s
c
one r esto r
ing f orce .
p
osition . t
he d i
ffe rent h armon ic o rde r s
As s hown i nF ig . 4,t he v o
lume o f ai
r
e
nc lo sed b y t he c ab ine t w alls i su sed a s d
isto r
tion . I
t i s t he wo rkho r
se
E
IA s
tandards c
al
l for a
a
n a ir s pring , s ubs t
itut ing f or t he i
nstrument for check ing tr
eNle
microphone -speaker distance at leas
t
mechan ical s uspens ions a s as ource o f t
hree t imes t he diame ter o f the d
isto r
tion at Acous t
ic Re search ,
e
la stic r esto r
ing f orce . T he mechan ical c
omb ined w ith s weep -ea r t e
sts
.
s
peaker's ra d
ia t
ing area t o a
void the
s
uspens ions c anno t b e d ispensed w ith e
ffect of t
he n ear f
i
eld
, wh ich does no
t F
ig. 5A i s a p ho tog raph o f t h
is
b
ecause t hey mus t s t
ill p erfo rm t heir a
ccurately represent t
he actua
l r
adiated i
nstrument 's s creen d i splay o f t he
c
ente r
ing f unc tion , b ut t hey c an b e o
utput o f a r e
jec ted d istor
ting AR
s
ound e nergy.
made s o l imp t hat t he p rob lem o f t
wee ter. T he b l
ip a t 1 000Hz i s the
i
nput a nd t he f undamenta l
; e ach b l
ip
s
u spens ion n on-linear ity i se l
im inated T
REBLE D
ISTORT
ION
a
s ap rac tical c ons ide ration . t
o t he r i
ght r epre sent s s ucce ss
ive
The measurement o f h igh -frequency
The a ir s pr
ing i t
self i sa lmo st i deally h
armon ic d
isto rtion p
roduct s
.
d
isto rtion r
equ ire s mo re s
ens itive
l
inea r i n t he d eg ree o f c omp res sion t o S
econd -harmon ic d istor tion i s mo st
t
echn iques t han t ho se e mp loyed f or
which i ti ss ubjected . W ith t he a cous t
ic a
ppa rent , b ut d oes n ot r epresent t he
t
he b ass range . Av ery s ma ll di s
to rtion
s
uspens ion s y stem , t hen , w e c an r
eal troub le. D istortion p roduc t s i nthe
p
e rcentage i n the t r eble m ay , b ecause
e
xpec t l a
rge c one e xcur sions w ithout 1
0kHz r egion a re i ntole rably h i gh f or
o
f t he h i gh o rde r s o f h a rmon ic s t
hese h armon ic o rde rs. T he w ave form
mechan ica l suspens ion b
ind . The i
nvo lved ( fifth , s eventh , e tc.)
, h ave a
maintenance o f a u nifo rm magnet ic o
f t he 1 000Hz o utput ( Fig . 5 B)
p
ronounced s ubjec tive e f
fec t
, wh ile a a
ppea rs p erfec t a nd wou ld n ot l ead
f
ie
ld o ver t he v oice -co i
l p ath t here fo re g
rea te r d isto rtion p ercentage o f l owe r o
ne to s
uspec t t
roub le, but a
b
ecome s e spec ially i mpo rtant . T his i s h
a rmon ic o rde r s may b e i naud ib le. t
one -bur s
t p icture w ith 1 0
.6kHz i nput
a
ch ieved b y o ve rhang ing t he v o
ice -co il Standa rd i n
te rmodu la tion measur ing (
Fig. 5 C) c learly s how s u naccep table
p
a st t he g ap, t
hat i s
, making t he e
qu ipment d oe s n ot h elp b ecause t he r
i
nging .
v
oice -co il l onge r t han t he g ap, s o t hat f
requency s eparat ion o f s tandard t est
t
he s ame n umbe r o f t urns r ema in i n s
igna ls i ss o g rea t ast o a pply t he l owe r The c orrespond ing set o f pho tos in
t
he g ap when t he v oice -co i
l move s f
requency t est s i
gna l t o t he woo fer F
i gs. 5 D, 5 E, a nd 5 F r epresent s the
a
xia lly . a
nd t he hi ghe r frequency t est signa l t o p
e rfo rmance o f a n a cceptable AR
It i s t his v o
ice -co i
l o ve rhang f ac tor t
he t weeter s ystem . twee ter. T he re i s st
ill measurab le
t
hat i s p r
ima rily r e
spon sible f or t he By d ef
in it ion t he re c an b e n o s
e cond -harmon ic d
istortion, but
r
elat ive ly l
ow e
lec troacous tic i
nte rmodu lat ion b etween t wo s igna ls noth ing s i
gn ificant .a bove t h at
. T he
e
fficiency o
f a
cous tic s uspens ion r
ep roduced t hrough s epa rate d isto rting h
i gh-frequency t one b urst pi cture is
s
pe ake r s
, r athe r t han d esign e lement s d
ev ice s
, a nd t he e xce llent r eading w e c
lea r of r inging .
i
nhe rent i n t he a cous tic s uspens ion w
ill g et with s uch t est f r
equenc ie s w ill The s ine-wave d isplay, o n the o th
s
ys tem i tself. E fficiency i s s ac r
ificed me rely r e
flec t the b ene fits, i nr educed h
and , l ook s n o d i
fferent f rom t ha
'
f
or l ow d isto rt
ion . i
nter modu lat ion • d isto rtion , o
f t
he d
e fective t
weete r and
a
ssign ing p arts o f t he s pec trum t o mea sured t
o tal rms h
ar
R
IGOROUS D
ISTORTION
d
iffe rent s peake r s
. d
is tort
ion — a bout 2 % a t t'
M
EASUREMENTS High -
frequency s peake r d isto rtion mo st c r
it ical f r equency r ange
T
he ba
s s d
istortion l
evels i
n c
an be t
ested by t
he CC IF n
o t v ery much l owe r t
han t h2
l
oudspeake r s are generally high e nough i
nte rmodu lat ion measur ing t e chn ique , d
isto rt
ing t wee te r
.
s
o t hat t he n on-r
igo rous me thods i
n w hich t he s pec trum i ss wep t w ith I
ti sof i n
te re s t that t
he d i
d
escribed a t t he b eginn ing o f t h
is c
lose ly s paced t est f requenc ie s
. B oth t
he r e
jec ted t wee ter
, whr
a
rt
icle a re adequate t o reveal orders of t
est s i
gna ls a r e t hen r ep roduced d
isp lay r equired s o much
magnitude o f d istortion, p art
icu larly s
imu ltaneous ly b y t he s ame s peake r t
est e qu ipment , wou .
i
nc ompa r
ing d ifferent speaker s
. u
nit . a
ud ible t o a nyone o n 2
C
arefu l measurement s under A no the r a nd v e ry e ffec t
ive me thod i s t
est.
c
ontro l
led a necho ic c onditions a re t
o s weep t he s peake r s ys tem w ith a The d e sign b at tle ar
n
everthe less an ece ss
ity when a ccuracy s
ine -wave s ignal g ene rato r a nd t o l
oudspeake r d isto rtic
i
s desired. T here mus t b e cont rol of l
i
sten . E ven t hough r e
su lts c an b e e
nded . I
t h as p
t
he solid a ng
le i n
to wh ich t he s peaker a
ffec ted b y a n u ncont ro l
led l i
sten ing p
robab ly b ecause
r
adiates, t here mus t b e af ree-f
ield e
nv ironment , t he e ar i s s urpris ing ly i
gno red.

1
22 ELECTRON
ICS TOE
 TE C H T
IPS CAREER
O
PPORTUNIT
IES
EMPLOYERS — S eeking S taf
f? E lec-
V
OLTAGE I
NDEPENDENT F
LASHER t
ron
ics Today i
sr ead by t
he v ery people
y
ou seek! (
and our copy deadline isonly
10 days)
.
Managers , Eng ineers, T echn ic
ians ,
D
raughtsmen, Salesmen , etc
. •Y ou a l
-
r
eady have a g
ood j o
b but seek a better
o
ne. Here t
hey are.

E
LECTRON
IC T
ECHN
ICIAN
Must be fu
lly c onversant in car rad
io a nd s tereo
s
ervic
ing
. Re muneration $4,000-$5
,000 p.a
., inc
lud ing
b
onuses. North S
hore a rea. Phone Dick Smith
43
-5530 (Sydney).

D
RAUGHTSMAN
This o fers a n o pportun ity f or a man l ooking f or a
posit
ion wh ich i s i n
teres ting a nd o fers s cope f or
f
uture d evelop ment
Experience i n t he d es
ign o f p rogressive d ies, press
T
his c
i
rcJ
it w
ill modu
late a
n i
ncandescent g
lobe a
t a t
ools, j igs, f i
xtures , and g auges i s desirable. Qua l
ifi-
f
requency d
eter m
ined p
ri mar
ily b
y C
l. c
ations r
e
lated t
o a mechan ical o
r p
roduction
T
he f
l
ash
ing r
ate w
ill r
e ma
in p
ract
ica
lly c
onstant d
esp
ite Engineer ing C ert
ificate c ourse wou ld b e a n a dvan -
t
age b ut n ot a bsolutely e ssential.
l
a
rge c
hanges i
n i
nput v
oltage
. Th
is c
haracter
ist
ic makes t
he
We c an o fer SECUR ITY o f EMPLOYMENT , E XCEL -
c
i
rcuit i
deal for u
se as atrans m
itter i
n f
requency s
e
lect
ive LENT WORK ING COND ITIONS a
nd AMEN ITIES ,
l
i
ght bea m a
lar m app
licat
ions. i
ncluding CANTEEN a nd OFF -STREET P ARK ING .
For a ppo intment p lease t e
lephone o ur P ersonne l
Ab
ias
ing r
es
istor s
t
rapped a
cross 03 r
educes c
urrent
Manager .
c
onsu mpt
ion a
nd p
er m
its a t
rans
istor o
f l
ower p
ower r
at
ing 587-7222 a fter 8 .30 a .m . Monday .
t
o b
e u
sed
. The v
a
lue o
f t
h
is r
es
istor s
hou
ld b
e s
uch t
hat t
he
B
END
IX-AUTOMOT
IVE
l
i
ght i
sbare
ly g
low
ing when t
he d
rive t
o 03 b
ase i
sre moved
. 4
15 West Bo
tany S
tree
t, ROCKDALE

EXCHANGE
I
NSTALLAT
ION STAFF
T
EMPERATURE S
TAB
ILIZED R
ELAY SEN IOR T ECHN ICAL OFF ICERS
0
1 TECHN ICAL OFF ICERS
TECHN ICIANS
TECHN ICAL ASS ISTANTS
The I nstallat
ion G roup o f Plessey T elecom mun ications
r
equ ire t he a bove P ersonne l who a re e xperienced i n
1 t
he i ns tal
lation o f A.P.O . crossbar e qu ipment .
I
nput F
irst c lass c ond it
ions a pply — g ood s alar
ies , c on-
S
igna
l t
inuity o f emp loyment , e xceLent o ppor tunit
ies f or
p
romo t
ion . Contributory s
uperannuat ion a
fter a
qua
lify ing p eriod . P ayments f or e xcess t rave
lling a nd
f
ares. T ools a nd d ustcoats a re p rovided . When work -
+2
8V i
ng i n c ountry a reas e xpenses a re p aid a s we ll a s
r
egular w eekend h ome v i
sits. For f urther i nformat ion
o
r t o a rrange a n i nterview p lease t e
lephone t he
Emp loyment Of icer 8 0
-0111 .
P
LESSEY T
ELECOMMUNCAT
IONS
P
TY. L
TD.
R
ailway Road
, MEADOWBANK N
.S.W
. 2
114

E
LECTRON
ICS —TECHN
ICIAN
A
n e xperienced T echnic
ian w ith t he E lectronics a nd
Com mun icat
ions Cer
tif
icate i
s r equired fo
r our
Department wh ich i s r
esponsible for the D es
ign . C on
OV s
truct
ion a nd Ma intenance o f the e lectronic e quip-
I
mmo
0 ment u sed o n t he r ad
io a nd t elevision p roduc t
ion
l
i
ne.
1c
an b
e o
bta
ined o
ver T
he work i s interesting a nd varied i n this large f ac-
t
ory wh ich i s situated n ear t he Homebush R ailway
(
n
r 7
1 r
; -
50 ° C t
o +
90°C u
s
ing
0z
b S
tation.
" 7 0 App
licants w ith t he n ecessary q ualif
ications a re
;
i
l
icon t
rans
istor 01 i
s r
eques ted to p hone M r
. B eek man , 7 6-0111 , f or a n
a 0
0 Ga
in/te mperature i
nterv
iew .

i
e7 E
.M.
I. (
AUSTRAL
IA) L
IMITED
,
4 /u
e
d b
y u
s
ing a p
osit
ive
8 P
arra mat
ta R
oad
, HOMEBUSH
0 / c
°,11 1 7
, .
,3
.

OL
6° '
) / i7P1/ e
sLY 1
971 '7
'

G .
, 0,
f
, 0o
.
/
.
1
[
1
1
1 A O%
 TE C H T
IPS
CAREER
O
PPORTUNIT
IF;
1
a
sra c
omputer
ised
S
YMMETR
ICAL WAVEFORMS
(
sa
les s
taf
f s
ervices
)
p
ly.
F
irs
t F
loor
, 1 8 Q ueen Stree
t, Me
lbourne
We have many c l
ien
ts l o
oking f o
r peop
le to f
i
l
l
v
acanc
ies i
n v
arious face
ts of
E
.D
.P.
I
fy ou are experienced i
n t
his f
i
eld, or a
re search
ing
f
or aw ay in w h
ich to b
ecome i nvo
lved i n t
his f
as-
c
inat
ing e nvironment, we may b e able to help you
D
3
f
i
nd t he ri
ght o pening
.
Y
ou c
an a
rrange a conf
identia
l i
nterv
iew b
y
t
e
lephon ing:
6
2 5
980 6
2 2
130 6
24237

S
YSTEM ANALYST V-
i
n V
-_.
11
$
7,000 N eg.
C
onsider y ourse lf a bove a verage ? O ur c l
ient, o ne
Z
ene
r
o
f Austral
ia's l eading C ompan ies, s eeks e xperienced
A
nalyst to jo
in n ew
ly c reated D epartment w ithin t he
ir
E
.D.P. Function. T his isy our o pportunity t o w ork i n a
c
hal
lenging a nd r eward ing e nvironment w i
th e xceller+
p
romo t
iona l p rospec ts
. A lthough C obo l i s primar i
:y
u
sed, considera t
ion w i
ll be given t o a pplicants e xpe r
-
D2 D
4
i
enced i n r elated l anguages . C omprehens ive, I n
-
C
ompany T raining p rovided. C a
ll M r. J . H argrave--
6
2-5152 o r w r
ite t o:
D
RAKE P
ERSONNEL
6
0 Ma
rke
t S
tree
t, Me
lbourne
, V
ic
tor
ia
Al mos
t perfectly s
y mmet rica
l output waveforms a
re
p
roduced b y th
is 'double-anode ' z
ener d
iode ci
rcu
it.
L
ABORATORY T
ECHN
ICIAN Ifabso
lute sy mme try isrequired D1 and D2, D3 a
nd D4
(
ELECTRON ICS)
s
hould be matched .
W
. S . & L . B . ROB INSON COLLEGE , B ROKEN H itt
UNIVERS ITY O F NEW S OUTH WALES The output voltage w
ill be Vz +2Vf .
S
alary ( adu lt)
: $ 4
,936 r ange $ 5
,336 p er a nnum .
Commenc ing s a
lary a ccord ing t o q ual
ifications a nd
e
xpe rience : j unior a ccord ing t o a ge. C lima t
ic a nd
d
isab i
lity a l
lowances o f $ 402 p er a nnum ( mar r
ied
men) a nd $ 306 p er a nnum ( s
ing le men) a re a lso
p
aid.
Appl
icants mus t have e x
tens ive s uperior Pxporience
q
ua l
ifica t
ions i n the e l
ectrica l fi
e
ld a nd s uperior k now A
CTIVE F
ILTER-AMP
l
edge o f electronic e quipment D uties w i
ll i n
clocie t he
s
uperv ision , s erv
ice a nd r epair o f e l
ec tr
ical e quip
ment u sed f or teach ing a nd r esearch .
I
f mat ricula ted free U niversity t u
ition a nd s tudy l e
ave
may b e a vai
lable to t he s uccess ful a pplicant. A ccom -
moda t
ion a t low rates a va i
lab le f or single men .
Application f orm f rom A ppo intments Of ice, P .O B ox
1
, K ensing ton, N .S
.W . 2 033 . Applica t
ions c lose 1 6th
July
, 1 971.

F
or m ore information on the C areers
O
ppo r
tunity C o
lumns o f Electronics
T
oday ( Advert
ising rate 76c per l i
ne)
c
ontact
: —Sydney , H oward Jenkins o r
T
erry M arsden, 2 6 2296; M e
lbourne ,
C
larr
ie Levy
, 5 1 9776.
COPYR
IGHT —ALL R
IGHTS R
ESERVFn
Devices o r circuits i lus trated o r d escribed i r
TRON ICS TODAY may b e the s ubject o f p aten t p r,
t
ecti
I
nfor mation is given w ithout p re
jud ice t r 'O P r

and w ithout respons ibility f o

r o ny .
5
i
ng f ro m its aaplication
ELECTRON ICS ' TODAY 'S p roduct t ests a re - •u nies
o
therw ise stated - p er for med b y u ur ineopenden t test The l
ow n
oise c
haracter
ist
ics of f
ie
ld-ef
fect trans
istor
s i
s
I
ng c onsultants, whose n a me w ill b e supp lied o n
r
eques t. No p roduc t t est, o r p e
rt t hereof
, may b e e
xplo
ited i
nthis l
ow-pas
s active amp
lif
ier-f
ilte
r.
r
eproduced f
or a ny S or rof
so withou t t he wr
itten
authorlaat
tOg o f t he E C
ircu
it v
a
lues s
hown prov
ide 12 d
B p
er o
ctave a
ttenuat
ion
a
bove t
he p
ass
-band o
f dc t
o o
ne Hz
.

1
24
ELECTRON
ICS TODAY — J
ULY 1
971
 R
EADER I
N
FORMAT
ION S
ERV
ICE
F
or fu
rther i
n
forma t
ion on Adver
tise
rs l
i
sted be
low comple
te t
he coupon/s s
tat
ing
i
n
forma t
ion r
equired i
nc
luding company a
nd pos
ition h
e
ld (i
f r
e
levant
). Cut o
ut the
c
oupon and p
ost to
: —

E I CS T
LECTR ON ODAY
, 2
1-23 B
athur
st S
t
., S
ydney
.2000
.

ADVERT
ISERS P
age N
o.
• 1 . 1
111 11 1
Amp
lion (
A
'as
ia) P
/L. 1
14
A
stron
ics A
ustra
lasia P
/L. (
Wang
.) 81 .1 S
end t
o E
LECTRON
ICS T
ODAY
, 2
1 -2
3 B
athurst S
t
., S
ydney
. 2
000
.
A
stron
ics Aus
tralas
ia P/L
. 1
07
A
urie ma (
A
'as
ia) P
/L. 8
-9 ADVERT
ISER
A
ustra
lian G
enera
l E
lec
tric P
/L. 1
11 P
RODUCT 1
11
A
ustra
lian H
i-F
i 87
° I
.. A
ustra
lian Mus
ica
l I
ndus
tries 1
27 NAME
0, 73
Aus
tra
lian R ad
io & Te
lev
ision C
ollege
1

ADDRESS
.̀
" P/L
. 1
28
A
utel Sys
te ms P/L
. . 98
, 1
12
Bar
rs, A
. W . 9
7
POSTCODE
C
lyde Batter
ies P
/L. 7
4
COMPANY
C
oll
ins B
ook D epot P/L
. 9
9
C
onvoy Technocentre 8
9 POS
ITION
Davey
, J
. A
. P/L. 39 7
:71

D
ick Smi
th (Wholesa
le) P
/L. 1
3
Doug
las Trad
ing 1
13 S
end t
o E
LECTRON
ICS T
ODAY
, 2
1 -2
3 B
athurst S
t
., S
ydney
. 2
000
.
E
dge E
lec
trix 1
15
E
lectron
ic A ssociates P/L. 67 ADVERT
ISER
E
lmeasco I ns tru ments P/L. 67 P
RODUCT
F
err
ier E lec
trical I ns
tru ments 1
15
NAME
Ham Radio S
upp
liers 1
16
Hob
ipak 1
15 ADDRESS
I
nstro
l H
i-F
i Elec
tron
ics Centre 63
J
acoby M
itche
ll & Co
. P/L
. 1
19
POSTCODE
K
itse
ts Austra
lia 14
L
afayet
te E
lectronics 1
26 COMPANY
L
anthur E
lectron
ics 99 POS
ITION
L
ouis C
hal
lis 7
7 7
:71

Magna -Techtron ics (Aust.) P/L

. 1
02
Maurice C hap man & C o. P/L
. 1
00 S
end t
o E
LECTRON
ICS T
ODAY
, 2
1 -2
3 B
athurs
t S
t
., S
ydney
. 2
000
.
Multicore S olders Austral
ia P/L. 74
Natronics P /L. 94
, 117 ADVERT
ISER
Phi
lips E lectrical P
/L. 1
20-121 P
RODUCT
P
ho to H i
-F i 12
NAME
P
lessey D
ucon P
/L. 5
0
P
re-Pak E lectronics 96 ADDRESS
Ronec Electronics 1
1, 5
4, 6
2, 8
0, 1
15
S
ecurity E ngineering 1
02
S
i mon G ray ( S
ilcron) 7 POSTCODE
S
i mon G
ray (Whar
fedale) 1
5 COMPANY
S
i mon G
ray (
Tandberg) 4
9
POS
ITION
S
i mon G
ray (
Sansui) 5
5
7
:71
S
ony (
Jacoby M
itche
ll) 2
S
.T.A
. Elec
tronics P/L
. 1
18
S
end t
o E
LECTRON
ICS T
ODAY
, 2
1-23 B
athu
rst S
t
., S
ydney
. 2
000
.
S
ecur
ity Engineer
ing 1
02
U
nited T
rade S
ales P
/L. 8
8
ADVERT
ISER
Warburton F ranki Ltd
. 90
Wayne C o m municat
ion & E
lec
tron
ics 97 P
RODUCT
Weston Electronics P/L. 1
02 • NAME
Wonder Woo l P/L. 1
15
ADDRESS
Yunker Electronics 98
Four r eply c oupons a re p rovided h ere f or y our
convenience . Please list only ONE a dvert
iser a nd POSTCODE
ONE p roduc t o n each c oupon . I
f y ou r equire
i
nfor mation o n more than f our I
nd ividua l produc ts , COMPANY
make a s many c opies o f t
he c oupons a s y ou l i
ke
(
preferab ly typed) —aga in u s
ing o ne c oupon f or m POS
ITION
f
or each p roduct.

ELECTRON
ICS TO DAY —JULY 1
971 1
25
 N M
I N M M
IN N
INO I
NN I
NN MN I

NE WSAGENT
: A
DVERT
ISERS
' I
NDEX
P
lease d
elive
r E LECTRON ICS TODAY f
o
r t
he
n
ext 12 mon ths
, st
aring w
t ith t
he
P
age N
o.
i
s
sue, to
:
Amp l
ion ( A'asia) Pty. Ltd. 1
14
Astronics Aus tralasia P ty
. L td
. (Wang
) 81
NAME
Astronics Austra lasia P ty
. L td
. . 1
07
ADDRESS Aurie ma ( A
'asial Pty. Ltd. 8
-9
Australian Genera l E lectr
ic P 1
11
Australian H i-F
i .. 87
Australian Mus ical Indus t,' 1
27
Australian R adio & T elev' 4) 1
28
G
IVE THIS COUPON, AND $6
, TO YOUR Autel S ys
te ms P ly. Ur ' 4;
\ 9
8, 1
12
LOCAL NE WSAGENT
. (I
f h
e al
ready d
el
ive
rs Barrs
, A
. W
. .
)
,r
) 9
7
y
our p
ape
rs z
.
she p
robab
ly d
oes t
here w
il
l C
lyde Batter
ies P _
:00
.
-
b 7
4
Co
llins Book De, , '
9
b
e n
oth
ing more t
o p
ay; i
fnot
, h
e may make Convoy Technoceri. ‘
7
1)
••
‘
--
as
mal
l c
harge f
or t
he s
e
rvice
.) Davey, J
. A. Pty
. Ltd
.
D
ick Sm ith (Wholesa
le)
Douglas Trad
ing

U
SE
Edge Electr
ix . .
...
.
...
.
.
E
lectron
ic A ssoc
iatet Pty, Ltd
.
E
l measco Instru ments P
ty. Ltd.

T
H
IS C
OUPON
F
err
ier E
lec
trica
l I
nstru ments

Ha m Radio S
upp
liers
Hobipak •
-
.
.
I
nstro
l H
i-F
i E
lec
tron
ics Centre .̀
.
...
.
„„„
..,
.
._

J
acoby M
itche
ll & Co
. P
ty. L
td. 1
5
.4/
K
itsets A
ustra
lia 1
4

c
o
sts
L
afayet
te Electron
ics 1
26
L
anthur E
lectronics 99
L
ouis Cha
llis 77

Magna.Techtronics (Aust
.) Pty
. L td. 1
02
Maurice Chap man & Co P ty
. L td
. 1
00
Mul
ticore Solders Austra
lia Ply. Ltd. 74

n
o
Natrol
ics P
ly. L
td. 9
4, 1
17
Ph
ilips E
lectrical Pty
. Ltd
. 1
20-121
Photo Hi
-F i 1
2
P
lessey Ducon P ty Ltd
. 5
0
P
re-Pak E lectron
ics 9
6

m
ore
Ronec E
lec
tron
ics 1
1, 5
4, 6
2, 8
0, 1
15

Secur
ity E ngineer ing 1
02
S
i mon G ray (Si
lcron) 7
S
i mon G ray (Whar fedale) 15
S
i mon G ray (Tandberg ) 49
S
i mon G ray (Sansu i) 55
Sony (Jacoby M itchell
) 2
S
.T.A. Electronics P ly. Ltd. 1
18

d
e
l
ive
red
Secur
ity E ngineer ing . 1
02

Un
ited T
rade S
ales P
ty. L
td. 8
8

Warburton Franki Ltd

. 90
Wayne Co m municat
ion & Elec
tron
ics 97
Weston Elec
tronics Ny .L
td. 1
02
Wonder Woo l P
ty. Ltd
. 1
15

t
oyo
ur
Yunker E
lec
tron
ics 9
8

d
o
or. L
A
F
R
o
f
A
YE
ta
o
M
T
T
A
E
M—M
a
r
i
tab
r L
8 r
ne —F
le A
W
M— A
n
i
r
cr
tenna
, AM a
e
cep
t
nd
ion &
a
ft —V
H
F—P
o
r
tab
l
G
U
ARD
I
e R
a
d
i
A
o
N "
6
000
" 6
-
B
and
W
i
th R
a
dio D
i
re
cti
on F
i
nde
r
l
une

.
. by your l
oca
l ne wsagent D
irection Fi
nding bBands

For o
nly $ 6 ayear (12 is
sue
s a t 50 cent
s e ach
) $
169
.50
I
nclud
ing
you e
nsure that every copy o
f E LECTRON ICS S
ales Tax
TODAY w i
ll ar
rive on your doorstep as soon as
i
tispublished -- and that y
ou'l
l n eve
r m iss out S
i
gnal St
rength
o
n itifa n is
sue happens to s
el
l out. T
uning
/Battery
M
eter

BATTERY OR 2
40V AC OPERAT
I ON C
o
S
qn
ut
e
lro
l
tri

e
l
ec
tro
nic
s
(
1) 180-380 KHz (
2) 540
-1600 KHz B roadcast (
3) 1.6-4
.0 MHz
Marine (4
) 8 8
-108 MHz FM (
5) 108
-136 MHz A ircraf
t (6
) 1 47
-
1
74 MHz FM VHF .
The Guard ian " 6000" i s Lafayette
's most a dvanced d e
luxe
P
ortable B attery/Electr
ic Rad
io f or top recep
tion plus Direct ion
F
inding.

L
AFAYETTE E
L
EC
TRON
IC S VIC.,
9
4 H
IGH ST.
, ST. KILDA
,

T D D AY 3
182
. Phone
: 94 6036
 I
sth
erea
s
y
stem ap
proach
t
ose
lec
ting the
r
i
ghtst
ereo s
ys
t em?
Absolu tely ! o
u- Lthe n eeded p ower f or th
is system. Ab ig 180
You re a rdrum sa nd y ourb ank rol . w
at t
s. FM f ront end with a4 -gang var
iable capaci
tor
S
ta r
t b y b ui
lding y our c ho ice o f componen t
s a
nd u se o f F ET a nd low n oi
se transi
stors produce a
a
round t he se t wo facto r
s. h
igh s ens
itivity.
Wha t s ounds b est t o y our e ars and w ha t fee
ls T EAC' s L S
-30 speake rs put ital together in
to a
c
omfo rtab le t oy ourb udg et. s
y
s tem w ith b i
gs ound. D esigned specif
ical
ly f o
rt ape
,
A nd t heT EAC s ystem p ictured h e re c
an p robab ly b
y t h e p eople w ho k now t ape best
. T he L S-30
s
at
isfyb oth. s
peak ers h ave a w ider d ynam ic range, in w h
ich t o
He re'sw hy: match t h
e w iderr angeo ft ape
.
Let's l ook a t t he A -21 c assette s te
reo r ecorder There i tis
.
t
i
rst
. N ow s tar
t y ou
rs ys
tem a pproach b yli
stening toa
The A -21 i s ar e
gula r li
ttle p rof es
siona l with t
en-m inute d
emon s
tra t
ion o
f t
hese T
EAC
u
nu sual p ush-button e ase o f o peration. E xamp le: c
omponen ts.
P
ress t he S top b utton t o open t he p op-up c as
sette Bo
th y ou eardrum s and y our bankroll wi
ll love
h
ou s
ing , i nsert the c as
set te
, clo se a nd s i
t b ack a nd y
ou f or it
.
l
i
sten.

won'
He
t f
re
i
's ac
nd o
ouple o
n many c
fo the
asse
rm
tt
agn
e r e
if
co
icen
rde
t f
r
s
e
: T
atu resy
he A
ou
-21 T E ACA
So
u
nc
l
kl
e
s
h
as a n i npu t for direct c onnection f rom y our tune r
. A
ust
ralian Di
str
ibu tor
s:
And a utoma t
ic s hutof f f or both P lay a nd R ew ind A
ustra
lian Musi
cal Indus
trie
s P
ty. Ltd
.,
mode. 1
55 Glads
tone St.
,S th. Me
lbou
rne
,V ic
.,3 205
.
The mode l AG -3000 AM /FM s te
reo r eceiverp u
ts P
hone 69 7281

SW
: Convoy I
nte
rnat
iona
l P
ty. L
td. — 357 2444
. Magnet
ic Sound — 23 3371. W.C
. Wedderspoon - 296681. VIC: Doug
las T
rad
ing —
3 9321. Brashs P
ty. Ltd
. — 63 6701. Suttons Pty. Ltd 201. S
. — 60 1 A: T ruscott Electron
ics — 23 3024 . WA : Alberts TV & Hi
:
i Centre P
ty. Ltd. — 2 . TAS
1 5004 : Wills & Co. — 2 4641. OLD: Br
isbane Agencies Audio Centre 2 6931. Stereo Supp
lies — 2
1 3623
CT
: Ho mecrafts H
i . NT
-Fi Centre — 47 9624 : P
.J. Leun
ig P
ty. L
td.
, A
lice Spr
ings
.
4
0
,000 T
echn
c
an'
t
wron
More t
han 40 ,000 amb
itious mc
ln
h
ave b enef
ited fro m A .P
.
.T.C.
t
rain
ing
.
J
oin t
his l
arge n
u mber o
fsuccess
-
f
ul men!
1 A
ttain job s
ecur
ity a
nd f
i
nanc
ial
r
e ward
.
These c
an o
nly b
e y
ours f
ro m
:

4'
AUSTRAL
IA'S

ES
TABL
ISHED
E
LECTRON
ICS COLLEGE
T
HE A
USTRAL
IAN R
ADIO & T
ELEV
ISION C
OLLEGE P
TY. L
TD.
e ESTABL
IS HE D OVER 40 YEARS
• OVER 15 FULL T I ME STAFF TO ASS IST YOU
• FULL NI G HT
-CLASS PRACT I CAL LESS ONS
OR
EXTENSI VE CORRESPON DE N CE TR A IN
ING WITH SPEC
I AL PRAC
-
T
I CAL HO ME -TR A
ININ G K
ITS
Mai
l Coupon
NO W You are i
nvited to mail the c oupon belo w which can be y
our first s
tep to wards securing
a i
ob o r bus
iness of your own w ith good p rospects, security and b
ig money . A.R.T.C. wil
l ma il t
o y ou by
r
eturn , a
t no ob l
igat
ion to you t he b
ig f ree b ooklet
: "Careers in Radio and Television"
. Th is booklet wil
l
s
ho w y ou def
inite s
teps you can take for a b et
ter job, ho w you c
an succeed in l
i
fe. Post the coupon, p hone

4
o
r c a
ll NO W.

AUS i A
LIAN RADIO & T
ELEV
ISION
A
USTRAL
IAN RADIO COL .GE PTY
. LTD.
2
06 o
adway
, S
ydney
, N
.S.W
.
A
ND TELEV
ISION D
ear Sir
,

C
OLLEGE
P
lease send me
, without o
bligation
, y
our free b
ook
-
.
t, "careers i
n Rad
io, TV and E lect
ron
ics"
.

P
TY. L
TD. NAME
E
.S
.&A
. B
ANK B
UILD
ING
.
ADDRESS
C
nr . B
roadway and C
ity Road
, Sydney
.
(
Opp
. G race B
ros
). P
hone 211-4244 (
3 li
nes
) T
17