CUET-UG : General Test (Section-III)

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CUET-UG
Section-III

Useful for Admission into UG Courses

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 PATTERN OF EXAMINATION

SECTION-III GENERAL TEST

No. of Questions Subject Time

Input text can be used for
MCQ Based Questions
60 Questions General Knowledge, Current Affairs,
to be General Mental Ability, Numerical
attempted out Ability, Quantitative Reasoning 60 minutes
of 75 (Simple application of basic mathematical
concepts—Arithmetic/Algebra/Geometry/
Mensuration/Stat taught till Grade 8),
Logical and Analytical Reasoning.

(iii)
 CONTENTS
SAMPLE PAPER-1 ....................................................................................... 1-12

SAMPLE PAPER-2 ..................................................................................... 13-24

 General Mental Ability/Quantitative Reasoning ................................. 1-96

VERBAL—Analogies—Number Analogy; Letter Analogy; Semantic Analogy; Number Classification—
Odd One Out—Numbers; Letters; Words; Small & Capital Letters/Numbers; Coding-Decoding and
Classification; Semantic Series; Number Series; Arithmatical Reasoning; Problem Solving; Numerical
Operations/Symbol Substitution; Word Building; Relationship Concept; Analysis; Judgement— Decision
Making; Statement Conclusion; Syllogistic Reasoning; Drawing Inferences; Trends; Critical; Emotional
Intelligence; Social Intelligence—Indexing Address Matching; Venn Diagrams.
NON-VERBAL—Series/Figural Series—Missing Series; Figural Series; Semantic Classification; Figural
Analogy; Spatial Visualization; Space Visualization; Pinch Hole/Paper Folding & Unfolding; Figural
Pattern Folding and Completion; Visual Memory; Discrimination; Embedded Figures.

 Numerical Ability .................................................................................. 1-96

Numbers System—Whole Numbers; Decimal Fraction; Relation Between Numbers; Comparing
Quantities—Percentage; Discount; Profit & Loss; Simple Interest; Compound Interest; Ratio and
Proportion; Algebra; Basic Algebraic Identities of School Algebra & Elementary Surds; Graphs of
Linear Equations; Average; Partnership Business; Mixture and Alligation; Time and Distance; Time and
Work; Geometry—Triangle and Its Various Kinds of Centres; Congruence and Similarity of Triangles;
Circle and Its Chord; Tangent; Mensuration—Triangle, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons; Prism; Right
Circular Cone; Right Circular Cylinder; Sphere; Hemisphere; Right Pyramid; Rectangular Parallelepiped;
Trigonometry—Trigonometrical Ratios; Degree and Radian Measures; Standard Identities;
Complementary Angles; Heights and Distance; Data Handling—Histogram; Frequency Polygon; Bar
Diagram & Pie-Chart.

 General Knowledge .............................................................................. 1-96

Indian History—Ancient India; Medieval India; Modern India; Geography—World Geography; Indian
Geography; Indian Polity; General Science—Physics; Chemistry; Biology; Space Research; Computer;
General Knowledge; Multiple Choice Questions.

 Current Affairs ...................................................................................... 1-16

    

(iv)
 1
SAMPLE PAPER-1 (SOLVED)

CUET-UG

GENERAL TEST (SECTION-III)*

GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY/QUANTITATIVE REASONING

1. In a certain code language, ‘SURROUND’ is written 5. In the following Venn diagram, the square stands for
as ‘RRUSDNUO’. How will ‘MITIGATE’ be written ‘Doctors’, the circle stands for ‘Blood donators’, and
in that language? the pentagon stands for ‘Women’. The given numbers
A. ITIMETGA B. TIIMTEAG represent the number of persons in that particular
C. ITIEMTAG D. ITIMETAG category.
2. In a certain code language, ‘NOSTALGIA’ is coded as
‘81’. How will ‘FRICTION’ be coded in that language?
A. 105 B. 85
C. 36 D. 64
3. Select the cube(s) that can be formed by folding the
given sheet along the lines. How many women doctors are blood donators?
A. 57 B. 54
C. 50 D. 36
6. Select the letter-cluster from among the given options
that can replace the question mark (?) in the following
series.
NZK, MBH, LDE, KFB, ?
A. HIY B. JHZ
C. JHY D. JHX
(a) (b) (c) (d) 7. Select the option in which the numbers are related in
A. Only (a) and (c) B. Only (c) and (d) the same way as are the numbers of the following set.
C. Only (a) and (d) D. No figure can be formed
(18, 24, 144)
4. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully.
A. (22, 18, 246) B. (26, 15, 130)
Assuming that the information given in the statements
C. (16, 12, 109) D. (18, 20, 137)
is true, even if it appears to be at variance with
commonly known facts, decide which of the given 8. Which two numbers should be interchanged to make
conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. the given equation correct?
Statements : All dustbins are plastic items.
78 ÷ 48 × 8 + (26 × 7) – 39 + (45 + 15) = 210
No plastic item is stone.
A. 78 and 45 B. 45 and 48
All woods are stones.
Conclusions : I. No dustbin is wood. C. 48 and 39 D. 26 and 15
II. No plastic item is wood. 9. Select the option that is related to the fourth number in
III. Some woods may be dustbins. the same way as the first number is related to the
A. All the conclusions follow second number and the fifth number is related to the
B. Only conclusion II follows sixth number.
C. Only conclusions I and II follow
D. Only conclusion I follows 83 : 3 :: ? : 5 :: 258 : 4
*60 Questions to be attempted out of 75 1 (2641) SP—1
 (2641) SP—1-II
2

A. 527 B. 627 17. Select the option that is related to the third word in the
C. 123 D. 222 same way as the second word is related to the first
10. If ‘A # B’ means ‘A is the sister of B’ and ‘A @ B’ word.
means ‘A is the mother of B’, then which of the Conceit : Modesty : : Despair : ?
following expressions means ‘C is the mother of F’? A. Hope B. Gloom
A. H @ C # M # F B. C @ H # M @ F C. Anguish D. Pain
C. F @ H # M # C D. C @ H # M # F
18. Four words have been given, out of which three are
11. The sequence of folding a piece of paper and the alike in some manner and one is different. Select the
manner in which the folded paper has been cut is shown word that is different.
in the following figures. How would this paper look A. Cardiologists B. Nephrologists
when unfolded?
C. Pulmonologists D. Psychiatrists
19. Select the combination of letters that when sequentially
placed in the blanks of the given series will complete
the series.
K _ CT Q _O C __K O _T _ K O _ T T
A. O, K, T, R, C, T, C B. P, K, T, R, C, S, C
A. B. C. O, K, U, R, C, S, C D. O, K, T, R, C, S, C
20. What was the day of the week on 10 June, 2011?
A. Saturday B. Friday
C. Sunday D. Monday
C. D.
Directions (Qs. No. 21-25): Following is an array of
questions to test your reasoning ability in different situations.
12. Select the option that is embedded in the given figure Answer each of them according to the question asked in
(rotation is NOT allowed). each of them respectively:
21. If highways were restricted to cars and only those
trucks with capacity of less than 8 tons, most of the
A. B. truck traffic would be forced to run outside highways.
Such a reduction in the amount of truck traffic would
C. D. reduce the risk of collisions on highways. The
13. Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three conclusion drawn in the first sentence depends on
are alike in some manner and one is different. Select which of the following assumptions?
the letter-cluster that is different. A. The roads outside highway would be as convenient
A. TXCZ B. DHSP as highway for most drivers of trucks.
C. FJQN D. NRJG B. Most of the roads outside highways are not ready
to handle truck traffic.
14. Select the option in which the numbers are related in C. Most trucks that are currently running in highway
the same way as are the numbers of the following set. have a capacity of more than 8 tons.
(5, 11, 275)
D. Cars are at greater risk of being involved in
A. (6, 18, 180) B. (9, 15, 270)
collisions than are trucks.
C. (8, 14, 490) D. (4, 16, 256)
22. Read the debate between Harry and Potter and identify
15. Select the correct mirror image of the given
the main issue:
combination when the mirror is placed at MN as shown.
Harry: Within democracies, voters are entitled to know
the down-side to a candidate and the other side is
obviously well placed to voice it. To stifle one’s ability
A. B. to voice negative things about a candidate would be to
C. D. obstruct democracy and limit free speech.
16. Select the option in which the words share the same Potter: Negative advertisements produce the politics
relationship as that shared by the given pair of words. of the personal, since an easiest advert is an attack-
Mauritius : Port Louis advert which focuses on the personality or personal
A. Zambia : Harare B. Sudan : Tanzania qualities of one’s opponent. A negative advertisement
C. Nigeria : Senegal D. Kenya : Nairobi is one that focuses upon a rival product, in this case,
 3

a rival election candidate or party in order to point its A. Only I is implicit.

flaws and to persuade the public to not vote for it. B. Only I and II are implicit.
A. Whether negative advertisement strengthens C. Only I and III are implicit.
democratic governance? D. Only II is implicit.
B. Whether the practice of negative advertisements is
good for democracy and politics? 24. Ananya and Krishna can speak and follow English.
C. Whether negative advertising needs to be banned? Bulbul can write and speak Hindi as Archana does.
D. Whether negative advertising produces the politics Archana talks with Ananya also in Bengali. Krishna
of the personal? cannot follow Bengali. Bulbul talks with Ananya in
23. Which alternative applies to the following Statement Hindi. Who can speak and follow English, Hindi and
and Assumption? Bengali?
Statement: Go by Aeroplane to reach Delhi from A. Archana B. Bulbul
Chennai quickly. C. Krishna D. Ananya
Assumptions:
25. If ‘367’ means ‘I am happy’; ‘748’ means ‘you are
I. Chennai and Delhi are connected by Air service.
sad’ and ‘469’ means ‘happy and sad’ in a given code,
II. There is no other means to commute from
Chennai to Delhi. then which of the following represents and in the code?
III. The Air distance between Delhi and Chennai is A. 3 B. 6
less. C. 9 D. 4

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

26. The ______ sultanate was ruled by the Sharqi dynasty. A. Charan Singh
A. Bharatpur B. Agra B. Madhu Dandavate
C. Jaunpur D. Delhi C. George Fernandes
27. Birju Maharaj, a classical dancer of world repute, died D. Chandra Shekhar
on January 17, 2022. He was exponent of: 33. Who become Miss World 2021 in March 2022?
A. Bharatnattyam B. Odishi A. Shree Saini
C. Kathakali D. Kathak B. Olivia Yace
28. Parsec is a unit of ______. C. Mansa Varanasi
A. acceleration B. speed D. Karolina Bielawaska
C. time D. length 34. With which of the following sports do you associate
29. Which of the following is the SI unit for measuring the term ‘16-yard hit’?
the amount of a substance? A. Field hockey B. Cricket
A. metre (m) B. kelvin (K) C. Lawn tennis D. Golf
C. mole (mol) D. candela (cd) 35. Atoms of which element combines with hydrogen to
30. The Kamaicha is a bowed lute played by the give water?
Manganiars of: A. Carbon B. Oxygen
A. west Rajasthan B. west Goa C. Iodine D. Nitrogen
C. west Bihar D. west Kerala 36. The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth
31. The archaeological site of Atranjikhera is located in Affairs and Sports to recognise outstanding achievement
______. in sports and games. It was instituted in ______.
A. Uttarakhand A. 1947 B. 1961
B. Uttar Pradesh C. 1969 D. 1956
C. Maharashtra 37. Who become new Chief Minister of Punjab?
D. Himachal Pradesh A. Bhagwant Mann
32. In 1977, who became the President of the Janata Party, B. Sukhbir Singh Badal
which formed a coalition government at the centre with C. Amrinder Singh
Morarji Desai as the Prime Minister? D. Bhupendra Singh
 4

38. With which of the following states does Bangladesh and soon after 9/11. The plan was a result of a series of
NOT share its border? expert workshops on the prohibition of incitement to national,
A. Meghalaya B. Assam racial or religious hatred, underlying “legislative patterns,
C. Nagaland D. Tripura judicial practices and policies”. The UN Human Rights
Council is shortly going to discuss further the prohibition of
39. Who is the author of the book, ‘Men in White — A
the advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that
Book of Cricket’?
constitutes incitement to “discrimination, hostility or
A. Sanjay Manjrekar
violence”.
B. Mukul Kesavan
C. Harsha Bhogle 46. When was the first human rights declaration adopted
D. Boria Mazumdar by the United Nations?
A. December 10, 1945
40. The rules made for the ______ were written down in B. September 10, 1945
a book called ‘Vinaya Pitaka’. C. December 10, 1948
A. Vaishnavites B. Buddhist sangha D. September 10, 1948
C. Lingayats D. Shakta cult
47. The United Nations Human Rights Council is a/an
41. Which of the following is a district-cum-tourism hotspot ______ body within the United Nations System.
of Arunachal Pradesh? A. Inter-governmental
A. Alipurduar B. Jalpaiguri B. Non-governmental
C. Kalimpong D. Tawang C. Quasi-governmental
42. In connection with the issue of adoption of villages by D. Multi-stakeholder
parliamentarians, a scheme named ‘SAGY’ was 48. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),
launched. What does the ‘A’ in SAGY stand for? the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
A. Anubhav B. Atmanirbhar Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the International
C. Apna D. Adarsh Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and
43. Weber per second is equivalent to ______. its two Optional Protocols have been adopted under
A. ampere B. volt the auspices of the United Nations and are collectively
C. coulomb D. ohm referred to as _______.
A. Magna Carta Libertatum.
44. ______ festival in the Bastar region is celebrated along B. International Bill of Human Rights.
with the worship of the local goddess, Kesharpal C. International Charter of the Rights of the Man and
Kesharpalin Devi. the Citizen.
A. Phool Dei B. Harela D. International Charter of Human Rights.
C. Madai D. Khatarua
49. The objective of the ‘Faith for Rights’ (F4R) is to
45. Which of the following films won the Best Motion provide space for a cross-disciplinary reflection and
Picture Drama prize in the 15th ‘Golden Globe action on the deep, and mutually enriching, connections
Awards’? between religions and human rights. Which of the
A. Coda following is not one of the commitments on Faith for
B. Dune Rights (F4R)?
C. King Richard A. To prevent the use of the notion of ‘State religion’
D. The Power of the Dog to discriminate against any individual or group.
Directions (Qs. No. 46-50): Read the passage carefully and B. To revisit religious interpretations that appear to
answer these questions. perpetuate gender inequality and harmful
stereotypes or even condone gender-based violence.
There is really nothing new, not already anticipated in a
C. To refine the curriculums, teaching materials and
distressed planet since the emergence of human species life
textbooks to rectify harmful stereotypes.
nearly two million years ago. So, a long prehistory of inter-
D. To promote religious dogmatism.
faith dialogue entailing the reciprocal relation between
religious traditions and the robustness of the very idea of 50. In India, which of the following statutory organisations
being human and having rights, precedes the recent UN is responsible for the protection and promotion of
movement of faith for rights (F4R). The F4R framework has human rights?
finally been affirmed by the United Nations system. The A. National Human Rights Council.
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OCHR) B. National Human Rights Commission.
promoted the Rabat plan of action in 2012. Note that this C. National Human Rights Organisation.
happened after the end of the Cold War, during globalisation, D. Indian Human Rights Council.
 5

NUMERICAL ABILITY
51. If x + y + z = 1, xy + yz + zx = xyz = –4, then what 59. A sum of ` 3125 amounts to ` 3515.20 in 3 years at
is the value of (x3 + y3 + z3)? x % p.a., interest being compounded yearly. What will
A. 8 B. –8 be the simple interest (in `) on the same sum and for
C. 1 D. –1 the same time at (x + 2)% p.a.?
52. What is the constant term in the expansion of A. 562.50 B. 554
3 C. 550 D. 565.50
 2 1
 5 x –  ?
x 60. A can complete a work in 60 days. B is 25% more
A. 15 B. 5 efficient than A. They work together for 15 days. C
C. 75 D. –15 alone completes the remaining work in 14 days. B and
53. In a trapezium PQRS, PQ is parallel to RS and 5
C together will complete th part of the original work
diagonals PR and QS intersect at O. If PQ = 4 cm, SR 8
= 10 cm, then what is area (POQ) : area (SOR)? in:
A. 2 : 3 B. 2 : 5 A. 18 days
C. 4 : 25 D. 4 : 9 B. 15 days
C. 16 days
54. A shopkeeper buys an article at 30% discount on its
D. 12 days
marked price and sells it at 5% discount on its marked
price. If he earns a profit of ` 65, then what is the 61. By selling an article for ` 131.25, a trader gains as
marked price (in `) of the article? much percent as the number representing the cost price
A. 227.50 B. 325 of the article. In order to earn 40% profit, at what price
C. 260 D. 292.50 (in `) should he sell the article?
A. 140 B. 105
cosec2   sec2 
55. If tan   5 , then the value of is: C. 75 D. 100
cosec2  – sec2 
7 7 62. The cost of tiling the floor of a rectangular room is
A. – B.
5 5 ` 9100 at ` 65 per m 2. The ratio of the length and
3 3 breadth of the floor is 7 : 5. The perimeter (in m) of
C. – D.
2 2 the floor of the room is:
56. A sum of ` 6342 is divided amongst A, B, C and D A. 36 B. 24
in the ratio 3 : 4 : 8 : 6. What is the difference between C. 48 D. 28.8
the shares of B and D? 63. The average of ten numbers is 32.5. The average of
A. ` 906 B. ` 1510 first four numbers is 25.6 and that of the last three
C. ` 302 D. ` 604 numbers is 38.2. The 5th number is 50% more than
57. If x 2 – 5 2 x  1  0, then what is the value of the 6th number and 8 less than the 7th number. What
 3 1 is the average of 5th and 7th numbers?
 x   A. 42 B. 41
x ?
2
x 1 C. 42.4 D. 41.5
24 2 12 2 64. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. AB and DC meet at F,
A. B.
5 5 when produced. AD and BC meet at E, when produced.
If BAD = 68° and AEB = 27°, then what is the
18 2 26 2
C. D. measure of BFC?
5 5
A. 27° B. 22°
58. Simplify the following expression: C. 17° D. 15°
6 ÷ 4 of 3 – 4 ÷ 6 × (13 – 10) – 2 × 15 ÷ 6 × 6
1 1 65. Medicines of three different flavours—A, B and C (in
A. –27 B. –19 lakh bottles) manufactured by a pharmaceutical
2 2
14 1 company over a period of five years from 2010 to
C. –29 D. –31 2014 is given in the bar graph.
17 2
 6

Directions (Qs. No. 71-75): Read the passage carefully and

answer these questions.
Two renowned international Software companies, namely
Pollaris and Contigent, started their business in the year
2007 and both the companies were in competition with each
other in profit making. Pollaris earned 30 per cent profit in
the year 2007 and 2008, and further increased it to

40 per cent in 2009. However, its profit percentage decreased
to 20 per cent in the year 2010. On the other hand, Contigent
opened with 40 per cent profit in 2007, but slowly decreased
to 35 per cent in 2008 and 30 per cent in 2009. Interestingly,
Production of flavour A in 2012 is what percent less both the companies increased their profit percentage in the
than the average production of flavour B in all the
later year considerably. Pollaris increased its profit percentage
years (correct to 2 decimal places)?
to 35 per cent in 2011 and 50 per cent in 2012;
A. 3.87 B. 4.66
simultaneously, Contigent increased its profit percentage to
C. 6.98 D. 5.66
45 per cent in 2010, 50 per cent in 2011 and reached 60 per
66. If the 5-digit number 688xy is divisible by 3, 7 and 11, cent in the year 2012. As there is a need to understand the
then what is the value of (5x + 3y)? income and expenditure for the better performance of both
A. 36 B. 23 companies in the future, answer the following questions.
C. 43 D. 39
71. What is the increase in profit of Contigent Company
67. If 5 sin2  – 4 cos  – 4 = 0, 0° <  < 90°, then the in percentage from year 2011 to 2012?
value of (cot  + cosec ) is: A. 10%
6 6 B. 20%
A. B. C. 15%
2 3
D. Cannot be determined
3 2
C. D.
2 3 72. What percentage of the total profit making of Pollaris
Company in 2011 and 2012 is the total profit making
68. Suman travels from place X to Y and Rekha travels
from Y to X, simultaneously. After meeting on the of Contigent Company in 2007 and 2008?
way, Suman and Rekha reach Y and X in 3 hours 12 A. 113.3% B. 95.3%
minutes and one hour 48 minutes, respectively. If the C. 90.3% D. 133.3%
speed of Rekha is 9 km/h, then the speed (in km/h) of 73. If the income of Contigent Company in 2008 was
Suman is: ` 200 crores, what was its profit in 2009?
1 A. ` 21.5 Crore
A. 7 B. 8
2 B. ` 46.15 Crore
3 C. ` 153 Crore
C. 6 D. 6 D. Cannot be determined
4
69. ABC is an equilateral triangle. D is a point on side 74. What is the difference between the company with
highest annual average profit percentage and that of
BC such that BD : BC = 1 : 3. If AD = 5 7 cm, then
the company with lowest annual average profit
the side of the triangle is:
percentage?
A. 20 cm B. 18 cm
A. 5.17 B. 8.33
C. 15 cm D. 12 cm
C. 9.17 D. 4.33
70. The income of A is 20% less than the income of B and
75. What is the percentage increase in profit of Pollaris
the income of C is 70% of the sum of incomes of A
and B. The income of D is 25% more than the income Company from year 2010 to 2011?
of C. If the difference between the incomes of B and A. 42.86
D is ` 23000, then what is the income (in `) of A? B. 75
A. 28000 B. 26000 C. 175
C. 32000 D. 25000 D. Cannot be determined
 7

ANSWERS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D D D C C C B C B D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C A D D B D A D D B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C B C D C C D D C A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B D D A B B A C B B
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
D D B C D C A B D B
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
C A C C C D A D A D
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
B C D C D D A D C C
71 72 73 74 75
B A D C B

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. Given, In a code language 6. +2 +2 +2 +2

SURROUND RRUSDNUO N Z K M B H L D E K F B J H Y

–1 –1 –1 –1

–3 –3 –3 –3
Similarly, Hence, the next term = ? = JHY.
M ITIGATE I T I M ETAG
8. 78 ÷ 48 × 8 + (26 × 7) – 39 + (45 + 15) = 210
Check options:
A. 78 and 45
The word is divided into two sections and the letters
 45 ÷ 48 × 8 + (26 × 7) – 39 + (78 + 15) = 210
are written backwards.
Hence, MITIGATE will be written as ITIMETAG. 15
  8  182 – 39  93 = 210
16
2. Given, In a code language,
‘NOSTALGIA’ is coded as ‘81’ 15
  143  93 = 210
Here, number of letters = 9 2
 92 = 81 15
  236 = 210
Similarly, number of letters in FRICTION = 8 2
Given equation is not correct.
 82 = 64
B. 45 and 48
Hence, ‘FRICTION’ will be coded as 64.
 78 ÷ 45 × 8 + (26 × 7) – 39 + (48 + 15) = 210
4. According to given statements,
26
  8  182 – 39  63 = 210
Plastic items Stones 15

Dustbins Woods 208

  139  63 = 210
15

208
  202 = 210
Conclusions: I. No dustbin is word. 15
II. No plastic item is wood. Given equation is not correct.
 8

C. 48 and 39 C. (8, 14, 49)  82 × 14 = 64 × 14 = 896

 78 ÷ 39 × 8 + (26 × 7) – 48 + (45 + 15) = 210 D. (4, 16, 256)  42 × 16 = 16 × 16 = 256
 2 × 8 + 182 – 48 + 60 = 210 Hence, D is the related to the same way as the given
 16 + 182 – 48 + 60 = 210 set.
 158 – 48 = 210 19. K_CTQ_OC__KO_T_KO_TT
 210 = 210 A. O, K, T, R, C, T, C
Given equation is correct.  KOCTQKOCTBKOCTTKOCTT
D. 26 and 15
B. P, K, T, R, C, S, C
 78 ÷ 48 × 8 + (15 × 7) – 39 + (45 + 26) = 210
 KPCTQKOCT RKOCTSKOCTT
26
  8  105 – 39  71 = 210 C. O, K, U, R, C, S, C
16
 KOCTQKOCURKOCTSKOCTT
 13 + 105 – 39 + 71 = 210
 189 – 39 = 210 D. O, K, T, R, C, S, C
 150 = 210  KOCTQKOCTRKOCTSKOCTT
Given equation is not correct. +1 +1 +1
10. A. H@C#M#F Section KOCT is repeated
H Hence, (D) will complete the given series.

Mother 20. 10 June 2011 = (2010 years + period from 1.1.2011 to

Sister Sister
10.6.2011)
C M F
 Odd day in 2000 years = 0
Expression means C is the sister of F.
and 10 years = (2 leap years + 8 ordinary years)
B. C@H#M@F
= (2 × 2 + 8 × 1) odd day
C
= 12 odd days
Mother = 1 week + 5 days
Sister = 5 odd days
H M
 Odd days in 2010 years = 0 + 5 = 5
Mother
January (31) + February (28) + March (31) + April
F (30) + May (31) + June (10) = 161 days
Expression means C is the grandmother of F.  161 days = 23 weeks = odd days
C. F@H#M#C  Total number of odd days = 5 + 0 = 5
F Hence, the required day is Friday.
51. Given, x + y + z = 1
Mother
xy + yz + zx = xyz = –4
Sister Sister
H M C  (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2(xy + yz + zx)
Expression means F is the mother of C.  1 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2 × –4
D. C@H#M#F  x 2 + y 2 + z2 = 1 + 8 = 9
C  x 2 + y 2 + z2 = 9
We know that, x3 + y2 + z3 – 3xyz
Mother
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
Sister Sister
H M F = 1(9 + 4) = 13
Expression means C is the mother of F.  x3 + y3 + z3 = 13 + 3xyz
14. Given, the number of the Set (5, 11, 275) = 13 + 3(–4)
 52 × 11 = 25 × 11 = 275 = 13 – 12
A. (6, 18, 180)  62 × 18 = 36 × 18 = 648 =1
B. (9, 15, 270)  92 × 15 = 81 × 15 = 1215 Hence, x3 + y3 + z3 = 1.
 (2641) SP—2
9

52.  (a – x)3 6
cosec2   sec2  6
= nC0a3 + 3C1a3–1(–x) + 3C2a3–2(–x)2 + 3C3(–x)3 5
 =
= a3 – 3a2x + 3ax2 – x3 cosec2  – sec2  6
–6
[ 3C0 = 1, 3C1 = 3, 3C2 = 3 and 3C3 = 1] 5
3 6  30
 1
  5x 2 –  5
 x =
6 – 30
2 3
1  1  1 5
= (5 x 2 )3 – 3(5 x )2 .  3(5 x 2 ).    –  
x  x   x
36
1 =
= 125 x 6 – 15 x  15 – 3 –24
x
Hence, the constant term in the expansion = 15. 6
= –
54. Let Marked price of an article = ` x 4
100 – 30 3
Then, cost price = ` x  = – .
100 2
7
=` x 56. Given, Sum = ` 6342
10
100 – 5 Ratio = A : B : C : D = 3 : 4 : 8 : 6
and selling price = ` x 
100 4
Share of B = ` 6342 
19 3 48 6
=` x
20 4
= 6342 
 Profit = S.P. – C.P. 21
= 302 × 4
19 7
 65 = x– x = ` 1208
20 10
6
19 x – 14 x and share of D = ` 6342  = 302 × 6 = ` 1812
 = 65 21
20 Hence, the difference between the shares of B and D
5x = ` 1812 – ` 1208
 = 65 = ` 604.
20
1 58. 6 ÷ 4 of 3 – 4 ÷ 6 × (13 – 10) – 2 × 15 ÷ 6 × 6
 x = 65
4 = 6 ÷ 4 of 3 – 4 ÷ 6 × 3 – 2 × 15 ÷ 6 × 6
 x = 65 × 4 = 6 ÷ 12 – 4 ÷ 6 × 3 – 2 × 15 ÷ 6 × 6
 x = ` 260
6 4 15
Hence, the marked price of the article = ` 260. = – 3–2 6
12 6 6
55. Given, tan  = 5 1 2
= –  3 – 2  15
sec  = 2
1  tan  1  5  6 2 3

1 1
= – 2 – 30
 cos  = 2
6
1
 sin  = 1 – cos2  =  – 32
2
1 1 – 64
= 1–
6 =
2
5 –63
= =
6 2

6 1
 cosec  = = –31 .
5 2
 10

59. Given, P = ` 3125, A = ` 3515.20 1

Hence, B’s 1 day’s work =
t = 3 years, r = x% 48
 Interest being compounded yearly Now, (A + B)’s 15 days’ work

 r 
t  1 1
 A = P 1  = 15   
 100  60 48

3  4  5
 x  = 15  
3515.20 = 3125  1  240 
 100 
59
3 =
 x  3515.20 80
  1   =
100  3125 9
=
3 16
 x  351520 17576
  1   =  9 7
100  312500 15625  Remaining work = 1 – 
16 16
3 3
 x   26   C alone completes the remaining work in 14 days
  1   =  
100   25  7 /16 7 1
 C’s 1 day’s work =  
14 16  14 32
x 26
 1 = 1 1 23 5
100 25  (B + C)’s 1 day’s work =   
48 32 96 96
x 26 1 5
 = –1 
100 25 25 Hence, B and C will completes th part of the original
8
 x = 4% 96 5
work in  days = 12 days.
Pr t 3125  ( x  2)  3 5 8
Now, Simple interest = =
100 100 62. Let the length and breadth of the rectangular floor are
3125  6  3 7x and 5x m
= then, Area = l × b
100
125  6  3 = 7x × 5x = 35x2 m 2
=
4  The cost of tilling the floor = ` 9100
125  3  3 ` 65 × 35x2 = ` 9100
=
2 9100 260
 x2 =  4
1125 65  35 65
=  x =2
2
 Length = 7x = 7 × 2 = 14 m
= 562.50
Hence, required simple interest = ` 562.50. and breadth = 5x = 5 × 2 = 10 m
Hence, the perimeter of the floor of the room
1
60.  A’s 1 day’s work = = 2(l + b) = 2(14 + 10)
60
= 2 × 24 = 48 m.
 B is 25% more efficient than A
 A :B =4 :5 63. The sum of ten numbers = 325
Ratio of time (days) The sum of first four numbers = 4 × 25.6 = 102.4
The sum of last three numbers = 3 × 38.2 = 114.6
A :B =5 :4
1 Let the 6th number = x
 A’s 1 day’s work = 3
60 then, the 5th number = x
1 1 2
 =
5x 60 3
and the 7th number = x 8
 x = 12 2
 11

According to question,
70  40  50  40  65 265
The sum of first four numbers (5th + 6th + 7th) number =   53
5 5
+ the sum of the last three numbers
= The sum of ten numbers 53 – 50 300
Hence, required % =  100% =  5.66%.
3 3 53 53
 102.4  x  x  x  8  114.6  325
2 2 66. Given, the 5-digit numbers = 688xy
 (102.4 + 114.6) + 4x + 8 = 325  LCM of 3, 7 and 11 = 231
 217 + 8 + 4x = 325 According to question,
 225 + 4x = 325 688xy is divisible by 231
 4x = 325 – 225  688xy = 231 × 298
100  68838 = 231 × 298
 x =  25
4  x = 3 and y = 8
Hence, the average of 5th and 7th numbers Hence, 5x + 3y = 5 × 3 + 3 × 8
3 3 = 15 + 24 = 39.
x  x 8
= 2 2 3x  8
 67. Given, 5 sin2  – 4 cos  – 4 = 0,
2 2
0° <  < 90°
3  25  8 75  8 83
=    5(1 – cos2 ) – 4 cos  – 4 = 0
2 2 2  5 – 5 cos2  – 4 cos  – 4 = 0
= 41.50.
 –5 cos2  – 4 cos  + 1 = 0
64. According to question,  5 cos2  + 4 cos  – 1 = 0
E
 5 cos2  + 5 cos  – cos  – 1 = 0
27°
D  5 cos (cos  + 1) – 1(cos  + 1) = 0
 (5 cos  – 1) (cos  + 1) = 0
A 68° C
1
 cos  = , cos  = –1
5
1
B  cos  =
5
?
F  sin  = 1 – cos2 
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD
Given, 1 24 2 6
= 1–  
 BAD = 68°, AEB = 27°  DEC = 27° 25 25 5
 A = 68° 1 5
We have to find BFC = ?  cot  + cosec  = 
2 6 2 6
 EDC = ABC and DCE = A
 EDC = ABC and DCE = 68° 1 5 6 6
=   .
 FBC = ADC and BCF = A 2 6 2 6 2
 FBC = 180° – ABC and BCF = 68° 70. Let the income of B is ` x
 FBC = 180° – (180° – [68° + 27°]) 100 – 20 80 4
= 95° and BCF = 68° then, the income of A = x  = x  x
100 100 5
Now, in BFC, and the income of C
BFC = 180° – (FBC + BCF)
= 180° – (95° + 68°) = 180° – 163° = 17° 4  70 7  9  63
=  x  x   =  x  x
Hence, BFC = 17°. 5 100 10  5  50

65. From given bar graph: 63 125 63 5 63

The income of D = x = x  x
Production of flavour A in 2012 = 50 50 100 50 4 40
and the average production of flavour B in all the Given, The difference between the incomes of B and
years. D = ` 23000
 12

63 23 x 8500
 x – x = 23000  = 23000  x=
40 40 75
 x = 1000 × 40 = 40000 1700
=
4 4 15
Hence, the income of A = x   40000
5 5 = 113.33%
= 4 × 8000 = ` 32000. Hence, required% = 113.33%.
For Q.No. 71 – 75. 74. Annual average profit percentage of pollaris company
Year Pollaris Contigent 30  30  40  20  35  50
=
2007 30% 40% 6
205
2008 30% 35% =
6
2009 40% 30%
= 34.16
2010 20% 45%
and annual average profit percentage of contigent
2011 35% 50%
company
2012 50% 60% 40  35  30  45  50  60
=
6
71. Required increase in profit percentage of contigent
(2011 – 2012) 260
=
6
60  50
=  100 = 43.33
50
Hence, the required difference
10
=  100 = 43.33 – 34.16
50
= 20%. = 9.17.
72. The total profit of pollaris in 2011 and 2012 75. The required percentage increase in profit of pollaris
= 35 + 50 = 85 company (2010 to 2011)
35  20
and the total profit of contigent in 2007 and 2008 =  100%
= 40 + 35 = 75 20
x 15
 75 × = 85 =  100% = 75%.
100 20
 SAMPLE PAPER-2
13
(SOLVED)

CUET-UG

GENERAL TEST (SECTION-III)*

GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY/QUANTITATIVE REASONING

1. Select the option that will fill in the blank and

complete the given series.
2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ......., 65, 82, 101
A. 54 B. 48
C. 50 D. 51
2. Arrange the following words in a logical and
meaningful order.
A. B.
1. Rajasthan 2. India
3. Jaipur 4. North India
5. Asia
A. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
B. 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 C. D.
C. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
D. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
8. A cube coloured pink on all faces is cut into 27 small
3. Three of the following four words are alike in a certain cubes of equal sizes. How many cubes are painted on
way and one is different. Pick the odd one out.
one face only?
A. Pedology B. Seismology
A. 4 B. 3
C. Terminology D. Cardiology
C. 8 D. 6
4. Three of the following four number-pairs are alike in
9. Select the com bination of letters that when
a certain way and one is different. Pick the odd number-
sequentially placed in the gaps of the given letter
pair out.
A. 196 : 14 B. 123 : 11 series will complete the series.
C. 225 : 15 D. 144 : 12 _c_bd_cbcda_a_db_a
A. bdbcba B. adabcd
5. If ‘J’ is coded as ‘20’ and ‘BAT’ is coded as ‘46’ then
C. cdcbad D. acbcad
how will ‘Cricket’ be coded?
A. 138 B. 158 10. Select the term that will come next in the following
C. 142 D. 140 series.
6. Select the option that is related to the third number 11, 13, 17, 23, 31, 41, 53, 67, 83, ?
in the same way as the second number is related to the A. 101 B. 97
first number. C. 110 D. 100
19 : 400 :: 24 : ........ 11. In a code language, FRIEND is written as GQJDOC.
A. 652 B. 566 How will PEACE be written in that language?
C. 676 D. 625 A. QDBDF
7. Given here is a square transparent sheet with a pattern B. ODBBF
on it. How would the pattern appear when the C. QFBBF
transparent sheet is folded on the dotted line? D. QDBBF

*60 Questions to be attempted out of 75 13

 14

12. Select the correct mirror image of the following word 19. Three of the following four letters are alike in a certain
when the mirror is placed to the right of the word. way and one is different. Pick the odd one out.
HIN T A. E B. V
A. B. H I N T C. I D. U
C. TN I H D. 20. How many triangles are there in the following figure?
13. Select the word-pair in which the two words are related
in the same way as the two words in the following
word-pair.
School : Student :: ........... : ............
A. Hospital : Patient
B. Hotel : Chef
C. Court : Judge A. 15 B. 12
D. College : Teacher C. 10 D. 9
14. ACCIDENT is related to TNEDICCA in the same way 21. Two statements are given, followed by three
as PASSENGER is related to ......... : conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the
A. REGNSESAP B. REGNESSAP statements to be true, even if they seem to be at
C. REGMESSAP D. RGENESSAP variance with commonly known facts, decide which
of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the
15. Select the figure in which the given figure is
statements.
embedded.
Statements :
No grass is a flower.
All flowers are trees.
Conclusions:
I. Some trees are flowers.
II. Some trees are grasses.
III. No tree is a grass.
A. Only conclusion III follows
A. B. B. Either conclusions II or III, and I follow
C. Either conclusion II or III follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Directions (Qs. No. 22-25): Read the following information
C. D. and choose the most appropriate option:
P and Q are good in driving Motor cycle and Jeep. R and
P are good in driving Jeep and Lorry. R, S and T are good
16. Introducing Kavi, Veena said, “She is the sister of the in driving Motor Cycle and Lorry. T and R are good in
son of the wife of my husband”. How is Veena related driving Bus and Tempo. S and Q are good in driving Bus
to Kavi? and Jeep.
A. Daughter B. Sister 22. Who is good in driving Motor cycle, Lorry and Tempo?
C. Mother D. Aunt A. P B. Q
17. Which two signs should be interchanged to make the C. T D. S
following equation correct? 23. Who is good in driving Motor Cycle, Jeep and Lorry
20 ÷ 20 + 20 – 25 × 25 = 419 but not bus?
A. R B. S
A. ÷ and × B. + and –
C. P D. T
C. + and ÷ D. × and –
24. Who is good in driving Tempo, Motor Cycle, Lorry
18. Select the letter-cluster that is related to the third but not Jeep?
letter-cluster in the same way that the second letter- A. S B. T
cluster is related to the first letter-cluster. C. R D. Q
AFKP : BGLQ :: GLQV : ? 25. Who is good in driving all the vehicles?
A. HMRW B. HNRW A. R B. P
C. HKRW D. HMPW C. S D. T
 15

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

26. The Ayushman Bharat Scheme introduced by the 37. Which country won the ICC T20 Men’s World Cup
Government of India provides medical coverage of in 2021?
upto ` .......... per family per year. A. Australia B. England
A. 7 lakhs B. 5 lakhs C. India D. Pakistan
C. 2 lakhs D. 1 lakh
38. During the Sao Joao festivities, Goans present ............
27. Who appoints the Sate Chief Information to each other.
Commissioner? A. fruits B. flowers
A. Chief Minister B. President C. beer D. fish
C. Prime Minister D. Governor
39. The movement of the local farmers of Bardoli in
28. ............. was named the cleanest city in the ‘Swachh Gujarat against the British in 1928 was led by
Survekshan Survey 2019’. ................... .
A. Mysuru B. Surat A. Vallabhbhai Patel
C. Indore D. Ujjain B. Lal Bahadur Shashtri
29. What was the historical name of the city of Guwahati? C. Lokmanya Tilak
A. Purushapura B. Bhagyanagara D. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Machilipattnam D. Pragjyotishpur
40. Who was the first Indian to win the Miss Universe
30. Which of the following is NOT a part of the ‘Char title?
Dham Yatra’ in North India? A. Madhu Sapre B. Persis Khambatta
A. Badrinath B. Gangotri C. Reita Faria D. Sushmita Sen
C. Vaishno Devi D. Kedarnath
41. Which day will be observed in India as ‘Veer Baal
31. People above the age of .......... years are NOT eligible Diwas’?
for the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Mandhan Yojana. A. November 14 B. January 9
A. 60 B. 40 C. January 14 D. December 26
C. 45 D. 50
42. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
32. Name the oldest operating port in India built by the Development Act was passed in the year ........... .
British East India Company. A. 2006 B. 2004
A. Kolkata Port B. Chennai Port C. 2008 D. 2002
C. Mumbai Port D. Vishakapatnam Port
43. An adult human body has ............. bones.
33. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act
A. 312 B. 206
was passed in the year ............
C. 208 D. 300
A. 1956 B. 1948
C. 1964 D. 1965 44. ........ is the hottest planet in the solar system.
A. Mercury B. Mars
34. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, approved by the
Union Cabinet, is a treaty between India and the: C. Venus D. Earth
A. United States of America 45. The ‘Instrument of Surrender’ which ended the
B. United Kingdom Portuguese rule in India was signed on ............ .
C. Portugal A. 19th December 1961
D. Russian Federation B. 15th August 1947
35. As per the state of forest report 2021 data, total area C. 29th December 1951
under forest cover and tree cover in India is: D. 26th January 1948
A. 80.9537 million hectares Directions (Qs. No. 46-50): Read the passage carefully and
B. 76.6238 million hectares answer these questions:
C. 70.8182 million hectares
One thing struck us as a major difference between the new
D. 50.1698 million hectares
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and its predecessor.
36. Neeraj Chopra is associated with which game? The earlier national policies on education (NPE) from 1986
A. Cricket B. Javelin Throw and 1992 presented themselves as attempts to consolidate
C. Football D. Tennis and build on earlier efforts, particularly the NPE, 1968. The
 16
new NEP 2020 policy, on the other hand, is very keen to
establish that it is different from everything in the past,
including in its name. Nowhere does this attitude come
across as starkly as it does in the section on higher education.
It comes across fairly clearly on how the higher education
ecosystem will be by 2040. By this time — if the policy has
its way — the Indian higher education ecosystem will be
populated with higher education institutions (HEI). These
will comprise Universities and Colleges and the public and
private sectors, all of which will be ‘multi-disciplinary’,
with each populated by more than 3,000 students, with at
least one “in or near every district”. Universities will conduct
research and post-graduate and under-graduate teaching, some
research-intensive and others teaching-intensive. Colleges
will largely teach at the under-graduate level, with a number
of them having their medium of instruction in either bilingual
or local/Indian languages. The colleges can manifest in
clusters around universities as constituent colleges or may
be standalone autonomous ones. Ideally, all HEIs will
eventually become “independent self-governing institutions”
with considerable “faculty and institutional autonomy”. They
will have complied with a series of regulatory exercises that
are light-but-tight and will be operated by a large number
of private accreditors, overseen by a new set of regulatory
institutions at the national level.
46. Which of the following statements are not true in
relation to the changes envisioned by the NEP 2020?
A. The NEP 2020 aims at making India a global
knowledge superpower.
B. The renaming of the Ministry of Human Resource
Development to the Ministry of Education.
C. The development of National Course Curriculum
to provide new curriculum by 2021.
D. The New Education Policy aims to facilitate an
inclusive, participatory and holistic approach
NUMERICAL ABILITY
51. PA and PB are tangents to a circle with centre O, from
a point P outside the circle, and A and B are points
on the circle. If APB = 40°, then OAB is equal to:
A. 50° B. 20°
C. 25° D. 40°
52. If tanx = cot(45° + 2x), then what is value of x?
45
A. B. 20°
2 A. 9
C. 15° D. 45°
53. If the radius of the circumcircle of an equilateral
triangle is 8 cm, then the measure of radius of its
incircle is:
47. The NEP 2020 aims to provide a holistic change to
the current education system in India. Which of the
following is not related to the aim of NEP 2020?
A. Universalization of education from preschool to
secondary level with 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio.
B. To bring 20 million out of school children back
into the mainstream through an open schooling
system.
C. Vocational Education to start from Class 6 with
Internships.
D. To achieve 80% Gross Enrolment Ratio at the under
graduate level.
48. Which of the following is proposed as a change in the
structure of institutions responsible for affiliation and
accreditation under the NEP 2020?
A. Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will
be set up as a single umbrella body for the entire
higher education.
B. University Grant Commission to be renamed as
AICTE.
C. National Affiliation and Accreditation Council to
be renamed as National Standard Council of India.
D. National Council for Education Research and
Teaching to be renamed as BCERT.
49. Which of the following is not a vertical under the
Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)?
A. National Higher Education Regulatory Council
(NHERC)
B. Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC)
C. National Educational Council (NEC)
D. National Accreditation Council (NAC)
50. What is the proposed percentage of expenditure for
education out of GDP under the NEP 2020?
A. 11 per cent B. 6 per cent
C. 4.6 per cent D. 9 per cent
A. 8 cm B. 12 cm
C. 16 cm D. 4 cm
54. 3 men, 4 women and 6 boys together can complete a
work in 6 days. A woman does triple the work a man
does and a boy does half the work a man does. How
many women alone will be able to complete this work
in 4 days?
B. 6
C. 8 D. 7
55. Table shows the percentage distribution of the
expenditure incurred on different items for publishing
a book.
 (2641) SP—3
17

3 3 2
Item of expenditure Percentage of 61. If a – b = 208 and a – b = 4, then (a + b) – ab is
expenditure equal to:
Paper 25 A. 32 B. 38
Printing 20 C. 52 D. 42
Binding 20
62. The average of 27 numbers is zero. Out of them, how
Royalty 15
many may be greater than zero, at the most?
Promotion 10
Transportation 10 A. 0 B. 15
C. 26 D. 20
Expenditure on Royalty is less than that on printing
by: 63. A starts walking at 4 kmph and after 4 hours, B starts
A. 20% B. 25% cycling from the same point as that of A, in the same
C. 15% D. 10% direction at 10 kmph. After how much distance from
the starting point will B catch up with A (correct to
1 1
56. If x   5, then x 3  3 is equal to: two decimal places)?
x x
A. 24.67 km B. 26.67 km
A. 110 B. 130
C. 25.67 km D. 23.67 km
C. 125 D. 145
64. In ABC, A = 50°. Its sides AB and AC are produced
57. What is the difference between a single discount of
30% and a single discount equivalent to two to the point D and E. If the bisectors of the CBD and
successive discounts of 25% and 5%, being given on BCE meet at the point O, then BOC will be equal
shopping of ` 2,000? to:
A. ` 25 B. ` 15 A. 65° B. 75°
C. ` 20 D. No difference C. 40° D. 55°
65. If the selling price of 40 articles is equal to the cost
3  1  1  1 3  
58. 9  2  4   2     is equal to: price of 50 articles, then the percentage loss or gain
4  6  3  2 4   is:
15 A. 25% gain B. 25% loss
A. B. 3 C. 20% gain D. 20% loss
4
39
C. D. 4  sin 2 24   sin 2 66 
8 66. The value of  2 2

 cos 24   cos 66 
59. Table shows the percentage of marks obtained by
seven students in six different subjects in an 
sin 2 61  cos61 sin 29   is:
examination. The numbers in the brackets are the 
maximum marks in each subject.
A. 3 B. 1
Subject (Max. Marks) C. 2 D. 0
Students Maths Chemistry Physics Geography History Computer Sci.
(150) (130) (120) (100) (60) (40) 67. If 85% of a number is added to 75, then the result is
A 90 50 90 60 70 80 the number itself. The number is:
B 100 80 80 40 80 70 A. 500 B. 200
C 90 60 70 70 90 70
C. 300 D. 100
D 80 65 80 80 60 60
E 80 65 85 95 50 90 68. If a sum amounts to ` 2,190 is four years and ` 2,409
F 70 75 65 85 40 60 in five years at compound interest, when the interest
G 65 35 50 77 80 80 is compounded yearly, then the annual rate of interest
What are the average marks obtained by all the seven is:
students in Physics? (Correct to two decimal places) A. 8% B. 10%
A. 91.16 B. 93.14 C. 9% D. 11%
C. 77.26 D. 89.14 69. A earns ` 180 per hour and works for 7 hours per day.
3 3
60. If (x – 5) + (x – 6) + (x – 7) = 3(x – 5)
3 3 B earns ` 160 per hour and works for 5 hours per day.
(x – 6) (x – 7), then what is the value of x? What is the ratio of per day wages of A and B?
A. 18 B. 6 A. 40 : 61 B. 33 : 20
C. 5 D. 7 C. 20 : 30 D. 63 : 40
 (2641) SP—3-II
18

70. Table shows the sales of books (in thousands) from elderly population of the state, i.e., 56 to 65 (5.12%) and 66
six branches of a publishing company during 2000 above (1.13%) was comparatively less than the other age
and 2001. groups. To get a better clarity, the state government
concerned is seeking the answers to following questions:
Branches 81 82 83 84 85 86
71. Out of every 5,600 persons, what is the number of
Years
persons below the age of 26 years?
2000 80 75 95 85 75 70 A. 2515 B. 1746
2001 105 65 110 95 95 80 C. 1660 D. 2674
72. There are 400 million people below 36 years. How
What is the total sales of books from branches B1, B3
and B6 together for both the years (in thousands)? many million (approx.) people are in the age group
A. 650 B. 240 56-65?
C. 310 D. 540 A. 32.72 million B. 25.75 million
C. 31.50 million D. 59.30 million
Directions (Qs. No. 71-75): Read the passage carefully and
answer these questions. 73. If there are 20 million people in the age group 56 to
A newly formed state government wants to bring more 65, what is the difference between the number of people
development in the state. Therefore, the government in the age groups 16-25 and 46-55?
proposed to launch various welfare programmes. Before A. 15.6 million B. 12.18 million
bringing up any welfare programme, the state government C. 28.4 million D. 34.7 million
intended to understand the population percentage of the 74. If the difference between the number of people in the
state by age groups, so that the government could plan the
age groups 46-55 and 26-35 is 15.75 million, then
welfare programmes accordingly. The state government found
total population of the state is approximately?
that the state’s 30 per cent of the population were children
A. 360.23 million B. 390 million
between the age group of 0-15. Next to child population,
C. 400 million D. 525 million
17.75 per cent of the population were adolescents between
the age group of 16 and 25. The early adult population, i.e., 75. Which age group accounts for the maximum population
the age groups 26 to 35 were 17.25 per cent, 36 to 45 were in the state?
14.50 per cent, respectively. The population who are between A. 16 to 25 B. 26 to 35
the age group of 46 to 55 constitute 14.25 per cent and the C. 36 to 45 D. None of the above

ANSWERS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D C B A D D D B A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D D A B D C A A B A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B C C B A B D C D C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A A C A B A A A D
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
D A B C A C D A C B
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
B C D A B A A C D B
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
C C B A A C A B D D
71 72 73 74 75
D C B D A
 19

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1.
2 5 10 17 26 37 50 65 82 101 15.

+3 +5 +7 +9 +11 +13 +15 +17 +19

+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
2. (3) Jaipur (1) Rajasthan (4) N orth India
(2) India (5) Asia 16. Veena Husband
Wife

4. Except (2), In all other groups of number second Mother

number is the square root of the first number. Kavi Son
Sister
5. As J code is 20 i.e. 2 × 10
Veena is the mother of Kavi.
BAT code is 46 i.e. 2 × (2 + 1 + 20)
17. (1) Check ÷ and X
Similarly,
20 × 20 + 20 – 25 ÷ 25
CRICKET code is 2 × (3 + 18 + 9 + 3 + 11 + 5 + 20)
= 2 × (69)
According to BODMAS Rule
= 138.
= 20 × 20 + 20 – 1
6. 19 : 400 :: 24 : 625

= (19 + 1)
2
= (24 + 1)
2
= 400 + 20 – 1
3
27 3
8.  n =  3 1 = 420 – 1
1 1
= 419
No. of Cubes, painted on one face = 6(n – 2)2
= 6(3 – 2)2 = RHS
=6× 1 Hence option (A) is correct.
= 6. 18. A F K P : B G L Q :: G L Q V : H M R W
9. a c d b / d a c b / c d a b / a c d b / d a +1 +1
1 2 3 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 +1 +1

The pattern of the series is 3124 of the previous group. +1 +1

+1 +1
10. 11 13 17 23 31 41 53 67 83 101
19. ‘V’ is a consonant of english alphabet.
+2 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 +14 +16 +18

+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 1 2 =3
20. Total = 3 + 3 = 6
1 2 =3
11. As, F R I E N D
+1 –1 +1 –1 +1 –1

G Q J D O C
(1) (1) (1)
Similarly,
P E A C E
+1 –1 +1 –1 +1

Q D B B F

13. As student is related to school similarly patient is Total triangle = 8 but three already counted
related to hospital. =8 – 3 = 5
Reverse
14. As, ACCIDENT TNEDICCA
Order (1) (1)
Similarly,
Reverse (1)
PASSENGER REGNESSAP (1)
Order
 20

Total triangle = 4 1 unit value = 4

 Total triangles are in the figure  In radius = 4 cm.
=6+5+4
54. W=3m
= 15.
M :W=1 : 3 = 2 : 6
1
B= m
2
Grass X Flower ss
21. ra M :B =2 : 1
G
Tree  M :B :W =2 : 1 : 6
Let x women will be able to complete the work in 4
(I) Some trees are flowers (True) days.
(II) Some trees are grasses (May be true) Let the efficiency of Men, Boys and Women are 2t, t
(III) No tree is a grass (May be true) and 6t respectively.
 Either Conclusions II or III, and I follow. W 1 = W2
For 22-25. M1 × D1 = M2 × D2
Motor Cycle Jeep Lorry Bus Tempo
(3 × 2t + 4 × 6t + 6 × t) × 6 = 6t × x × 4
P
36t × 6 = 6t × x × 4
Q
R 66
x=
S 4
T x = 9 days.

A
55. Required percentage

 20  15
r =  100
51. 20
O 40° P 5
=  100
r 20

= 25%.
B
1
AOB = 180° – 40° = 140° 56. Given, x + = 5
x
OAB = OBA [ OA = OB = Radius]
3
In OAB, 3 1  1  1
then, x  3 = 
x    3 x  
 +  + 140 = 180° x  x  x
2 = 40° = (5)3 – 3(5)
 = 20° = 125 – 15
 OAB = 20° = 110.
52. tan x = cot(45° + 2x) 57. Amount of single discount 30%
We can written this = 2000 × 30%
cot(90 – x) = cot(45 + 2x) = ` 600
90 – x = 45 + 2x Equivalent discount of 25% and 5%
3x = 45
25  5
x = 15°. = 25  5 
100
53. We know that circumcircle radius of equilateral = 30 – 1.25
a = 28.75%
Triangle (R) =
3 Amount of discount 28.75%
a = 2000 × 28.75%
In radius (r) =
2 3 = ` 575
 R:r= 2 : 1 Required difference = 600 – 575
2 unit value = 8 = ` 25.
 21

A
3  1  1  1 3  
58. 9  2  4   2    
4  6 3  
2 4  50°
     
According to BODMAS rule
64. B C
39 13 13  5 3   
=     
4  6  3  
2 4   
     
D ? E
39  13 13 13  
=     
4  6  
3 4   O
    A
 BOC = 90 –
2
39 13 13 
=   50
4  6 12  = 90 
2
39 13 12  = 90 – 25
=  
4  6 13  = 65°.
65. Selling price × 40 = Cost price of 50 article
39
= 2
4 Selling price 50 5
 = 
Cost price 40 4
39 1 39
=   .
4 2 8 SP  CP
%P =  100
CP
60. (x – 5)3 + (x – 6)3 + (x – 7)3 = 3(x – 5) (x – 6) (x – 7)
We know that,  SP 
=   1  100
if x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz  CP 
then x + y + z = 0
5 
 (x – 5) + (x – 6) + (x – 7) = 0 =   1  100
4
3x – 18 = 0
x = 6. 1
=  100  25% gain .
4
61.  a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
 sin2 24  sin2 66 
a3 – b3 = (a – b) ((a + b)2 – ab) 66.  2  sin2 61  cos61 sin 29
2
208 = 4 ((a + b)2 – ab)  cos 24  cos 66 
208  sin 2 24  sin 2 (90  24)
(a + b)2 – ab =  52. =  2 2
 sin 2 61
4  cos (90   66  )  cos 66 
63. In 4 hour A covered the distance 
= 4 × 4 = 16 km  cos61 sin(90   61 ) 

Now, Relative speed of A and B
= 10 – 4  sin 2 24  cos2 24 
=  2 2
 sin 2 61  cos2 61
= 6 km/h  sin 66  cos 66 
16 1 
Required time to catch A = h =   1 [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
6 1 
= 1 + 1 = 2.
16
Distance covered by B in h 67. Let the number = x
6
According to question,
16 160 85%x + 75 = x
= 10  
6 6 85 x
= 26.67 km.  75 = x
100
 22

85 x 71. The number of persons below the age of 26 year

x = 75
100
30  17.75
15 x = 5600 ×
= 75 100
100
75  100 47.75
x= = 500. = 5600 ×
15 100

t
= 56 × 47.75
 r 
68.  A = P  1+ = 2674.
 100 
72. Let the total population = x
4
 r 
2190 = P  1+ ...(1) x  (30  17.75  17.25)
 100  Then, = 400
100
5
 r  65
2409 = P  1+ ...(2)
 100   x×
100
= 400 million
Eq. 2 ÷ eq. (1), we get
13
r 2409  x× = 400
 1 = 20
100 2190
20
r 2409  x = 400 × million
 = 1 13
100 2190
Hence, the number of people are in the age group
r 219 56 – 65
=
100 2190
20 5.12
21900 = 400 × 
r=  10% . 13 100
2190
69. ‘A’ per day wage = ` 180 × 7 = ` 1260 4  20  5.12
=
B per day wage = 160 × 5 = 800 13
Required ratio = 1260 : 800 = 63 : 40
80  5.12
70. Total sales of Books from branched B1, B2, and B6 on =
13
2000 (in thousands)
= 80 + 95 + 70
409.6
= 245 =
13
Total sales of Books from branched B1, B2, and B6 on
2001 (in thousands) = 31.50 million.
= 105 + 110 + 80 = 295 73. The population = x
Required total sales = 245 + 295 = 540.
 The number of people in the age group 56 – 65
71 – 75.
= 20 million
From given information
5.12
Age Group (Years) Population  x = 20
0 – 15 30% 100
16 – 25 17.75%
20  100 2000  1000
26 – 35 17.25%  x= 
5.12 512
36 – 45 14.50%
 The number of people in the age group 16 – 25
46 – 55 14.25%
56 – 65 5.12% 17.75
= x
66 above 1.13% 100
 23

2000  100 17.75 Hence, the required difference = 69.33 – 55.66

= 
512 100 = 13.67 = 12.18 million
2000  100 1775 (approximate)
= 
512 10000 74. Given,
20  1775 The difference between the number of people in the
= age groups 46 – 55 and 26 – 35 = 15.75 million
512
35500 17.25 14.25
= = 69.33  x x = 15.75
512 100 100
and the number of people in the age group 46 – 55
(17.25  14.25)
 x = 15.75
14.25 100
= x
100  3x = 15.75 × 100
2000  100 14.25
=  1575
512 100  x = = 525 million
3
2000  1425 20  1425 Hence, the total population of the state
= =
512  100 512
= 525 million.
28500
= = 55.66 75. Maximum population in the state (age group 16 to 25)
512 = 17.75%
 24

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GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY/
QUANTITATIVE REASONING

1
2
 3

CHA
VERBAL
PTE
R

1 Analogies

NUMBER ANALOGY
In number analogy also, the relationship between the given numbers is detected and then applied to the second part to
find the missing numbers. This relationship between the numbers can be based on any of the following patterns : (i) numbers
can be odd/even/prime numbers; (ii) numbers can be multiples of one number; (iii) numbers can be squares/cubes of
different numbers; (iv) some numbers can be added to/subtracted from/multiplied to/divided into the first number to get
the second number; (v) the second number can be the sum/product/difference of the digits of first number; and (vi)
combinations of any mathematical calculations given above can apply to the relationship between the two given numbers.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Directions : Which number will come in the place of question mark?
1. 25 : 81 : : 36 : ?
(a) 121 (b) 93 (c) 65 (d) 103
Ans. (a) : All the numbers are squares of different numbers.
25 : 81 :: 36 : 121
   
52 92 62 11 2
2. 36 : 18 : : 72 : ?
(a) 164 (b) 134 (c) 94 (d) 14
Ans. (d) : The second number is the product of digits of the first number.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In the following questions, select the number 3. 14 : 20 : : 16 : ?

fro m th e g iv e n o p tio n s w h ic h fo llo w s th e sa m e (a) 23 (b) 10
relationship as shared between the first two numbers. (c) 48 (d) 32
1. 1 : 11 : : 2 : ? 4. 8 : 27 : : 64 : ?
(a) 20 (b) 22 (a) 277 (b) 125
(c) 24 (d) 44 (c) 250 (d) 99
2. 18 : 27 : : 22 : ? 5. 0.16 : 0.0016 : : 1.02 : ?
(a) 42 (b) 39 (a) 10.20 (b) 0.102
(c) 33 (d) 54 (c) 0.0102 (d) 1.020
3
 4

1 1 1 8. 23 : 53 : : 8 : ?
6. : : : : ?
7 14 9 (a) 66 (b) 57
1 1 (c) 27 (d) 19
(a) (b)
88 80 9. 6 : 9 : : 7 : ?
1 1 (a) 4 (b) 14
(c) (d) (c) 10 (d) 28
81 18
7. 5 : 24 : : 8 : ? 10. 7 : 28 : : 2 : ?
(a) 65 (b) 63 (a) 8 (b) 16
(c) 62 (d) 64 (c) 24 (d) 12

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (b) : The first number is repeated to obtain the second

number.
2. (c) : In the given set, the numbers are multiples of 9
and in the second set, multiples of 11.
18 : 27 :: 22 : 33 7. (b) : The second number is square of first number minus
    1.
92 93 11  2 11  3
3. (a) : The relationship between the numbers is :
14 : 20 :: 16 : 23
    8. (d) : All the numbers are prime numbers.
72 (7  3) –1 8  2 (8  3) –1 9. (c) : The second number is three more than the first
4. (b) : The numbers are cubes of different numbers. number.
8 : 27 :: 64 : 125
   
23 33 43 53
5. (c) : The decimals are divided by 100. 10. (a) : The second number is four times the first.

6. (d) : The first fraction is multiplied by half to obtain

the second fraction.

LETTER ANALOGY
In this type of analogy the relationship between two given set of letters is established and then applied to the other set
to obtain the required set of letters as the answer. These letters can be moved some steps backward or forward; reversed
in whole or in sections or have some common identity between each other.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Directions : Which set of letters will come in the place of question mark?
1. JILK : KLIJ : : MNPQ : ?
(a) QNPM (b) MPQN (c) QPNM (d) PNMQ
Ans. (c) : The letters are written in reverse order to get the related set of letters.
 5

2. FLO : DOL : : RDP : ?

(a) PGM (b) MGP (c) GMP (d) MPG
Ans. (a) : The first and third letters are moved two and three steps backwards respectively and the second letter three
steps forward.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In the questions given below one term is 8. TSR : FED : : WVU : ?
missing. Based on the relationship of the two given (a) CAB (b) MLK
terms find the missing term from the given options. (c) PQS (d) GFH
1. GFC : CFG : : RPJ : ? 9. CJDL : FMGR : : IKJR : ?
(a) JRP (b) JPR (a) OQPT (b) RSTU
(c) PJR (d) RJP (c) OQRT (d) KRMO
2. BCF : DEG : : MNQ : ? 10. BOQD : ERTG : : ANPC : ?
(a) OPR (b) PQS (a) DQSF (b) FSHU
(c) OPP (d) QRT (c) SHFU (d) DSQF
3. NATION : ANITNO : : HUNGRY : ? 11. BaBy : TaTa : : LiLy : ?
(a) HNUGRY (b) UNHGYR (a) PooL (b) ROse
(c) YRNGUH (d) UHGNYR (c) HaNd (d) DoWN
4. SSTU : MMNO : : AABC : ? 12. BCDA : STUR : : KLMJ : ?
(a) GGHH (b) IJKK (a) VWXU (b) EFHG
(c) XXYZ (d) NOOP (c) SRTU (d) QSRP
5. ACE : FGH : : LNP : ? 13. AEI : LPT : : CGK : ?
(a) QRS (b) PQR (a) OSV (b) RUY
(c) QST (d) MOQ (c) TXC (d) FJN
6. UVW : SXU : : LMN : ? 14. RUX : TRP : : BEH : ?
(a) JOL (b) KNM (a) SQN (b) QON
(c) JKL (d) MLO (c) QOM (d) QNL
7. EIGHTY : GIEYTH : : OUTPUT : ? 15. CART : ART : : FOUR : ?
(a) UTOPTU (b) UOTUPT (a) RUN (b) TWO
(c) TUOUTP (d) TUOTUP (c) QUE (d) OUR

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (b) : The letters of the first group are reversed.

4. (c) : The first letter in each group is repeated and

2. (a) : The three letters are moved 2, 2 and 1 steps forward followed by two consecutive letters.
respectively.
5. (a) : The three letters are moved 5, 4, and 3 steps
forward respectively.

3. (d) : The word is divided in sections of two letters and

the letters are reversed.
 6

6. (a) : The three letters are moved –2, +2 and –2 steps 11. (c) : In each group the alternate letters are capitals.
respectively.
12. (a) : In each group the first three letters are consecutive
and they follow the fourth letter.

13. (d) : In each group the letters jump three letters between
7. (d) : The word is divided into two sections and the
them, i.e., they are moving to the fourth letter.
letters are written backwards.

8. (b) : The letters are consecutive and written in reverse

14. (c) : The letters in first set are jumping two letters, i.e.,
order.
moving three steps forward and in the second they
9. (a) : In each set of letters, the 1st and 3rd letters are
are jumping one letter, i.e. moving two steps
consecutive.
backward.

10. (a) : In each group, the first and fourth letters are
jumping one letter and the second and third letters
are also jumping one letter.
15. (d) : The first set of letters drop the first letter to get
the second set.

SEMANTIC ANALOGY
In Analogy Tests the relationship between two given words is established and then applied to the other words. The type
of relationship may vary, so while attempting such questions the first step is to identify the type of relationship, which
can be any one of the following.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Action Object Relationship
Example : Shoot is to Gun as Eat is to.....
(a) Hunger (b) Thirst (c) Dinner (d) Fruit
Ans. (d) : The relationship between the given words is that ‘shoot’ is the action and ‘Gun’ is the specified object
of action. Similarly ‘eat’ is the action and ‘fruit’ is the specified object.
2. Association Relationship
Example : Glamour is to Stardom as Colour is to.....
(a) Rainbow (b) Shades (c) Art (d) Painting
Ans. (d) : As glamour is associated with stardom so is colour with painting.
3. Antonym Relationship
Example : INTROVERT : EXTROVERT
(a) ANGLE : TANGENT (b) EXTREME : INTERIM
(c) AGAINST : FAVOUR (d) ACTION : LAW
Ans. (c) : The related words are opposite in meaning.
4. Cause and Effect Relationship
Example : INJURY : PAIN
(a) GRADES : MERIT (b) THUNDER : LIGHTNING
(c) ROTATE : CHURNING (d) MATTER : LABOUR
Ans. (b) : Injury is the cause of pain and so is thunder the cause of lightning.
 7

5. Degree Relationship
Example : Tepid is to Hot as... is to Wail.
(a) Sob (b) Shout (c) Smile (d) Calm
Ans. (a) : Tepid is less hot and so also the lower degree of wail is sob.
6. Grammatical Relationship
Example: Clever is to Beautiful as Sour is to ...
(a) Lemon (b) Cunning (c) Loathing (d) Taste
Ans. (b) : The related words are Adjectives.
7. Obvious Relationship
Example : Mt. EVEREST : NEPAL
(a) MEXICO : SOUTH AMERICA (b) K2 : CHINA
(c) BIG BEN : RUSSIA (d) AHMEDABAD : GUJARAT
Ans. (d) : Mt. Everest is in Nepal and so is Ahmedabad in Gujarat.
8. Part Whole Relationship
Example : MAN : MAMMAL
(a) HAIL : SNOW (b) NATIVE : INHABITANT
(c) OFFSPRING : FAMILY (d) LIBERTY : LITERATE
Ans. (c) : Man is a part of the whole species of mammal so is an offspring of the whole family.
9. Purpose Relationship
Example : INSTITUTION : EDUCATION
(a) WAR : PEACE (b) HEALTH : OBESITY
(c) MEDICATION : RECUPERATION (d) BUILDING : URBANISM
Ans. (c) : The purpose of institution is to impart education and the purpose of medication is quick recuperation
(recovery).
10. Sequence Relationship
Example : ........ is to Dusk as Summer is to Monsoon.
(a) Evening (b) Dawn (c) Night (d) Noon
Ans. (a) : Summer season is immediately followed by monsoon (rainy season) and evening is immediately followed
by dusk.
11. Synonym Relationship
Example : INDENT : REQUEST
(a) REPLICA : CHEAT (b) DOLE : ALMS
(c) DISMAL : DUNCE (d) EXACT : CHECK
Ans. (b) : The related words have the same meaning.
12. Volume Relationship
Example : GALLONS : SWIMMING POOL
(a) SPECTATORS : AUDITORIUM (b) CURRENCY : SHARES
(c) DUST : MOUNTAIN (d) BOOKS : CATALOGUE
Ans. (a) : Gallons of water is needed to fill a swimming pool and large number of spectators can be admitted into
an auditorium.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In the questions given below establish the 2. HUNTER : GUN : : WRITER : ?
relationship between the two words. Then from the given (a) Book (b) Pen
options select one which has the same relationship as of (c) Poem (d) Page
the given two words. 3. WOOL : SHEEP : : SILK : ?
(a) Saree
1. HUNGER : FOOD : : THIRST : ?
(b) String
(a) Water (b) Drink (c) Silkworm
(c) Tea (d) Coffee (d) Moth
 8

4. FOOD : STOMACH : : FUEL : ? 13. GOOD : BAD : : VIRTUE : ?

(a) Engine (b) Automobile (a) Blame (b) Sin
(c) Rail (d) Aeroplane (c) Despair (d) Vice
5. WATER : SAND : : OCEAN : ? 14. BIRD : FLY : : SNAKE : ?
(a) Island (b) River (a) Timid (b) Clatter
(c) Desert (d) Waves (c) Crawl (d) Hole
6. ADULT : BABY : : FLOWER : ? 15. CAT : MOUSE : : BIRD : ?
(a) Seed (b) Bud (a) Cage (b) Trap
(c) Fruit (d) Butterfly (c) Eagle (d) Worm
7. WRITER : READER : : PRODUCER : ? 16. STATE : EXILE
(a) Creator (b) Contractor (a) Police : Arrest
(c) Creature (d) Consumer (b) Judge : Convict
(c) Constitution : Amendment
8. ENTRANCE : EXIT : : LOYALTY : ?
(d) Church : Excommunicate
(a) Treachery (b) Patriotism
(c) Fidelity (d) Reward 17. CAPRICIOUSNESS : RELIABILITY
(a) Extemporaneous : Predictability
9. MOTHER : MATERNAL : : FATHER : ? (b) Unreliable : Inhuman
(a) Eternal (b) Detrimental (c) Tenacious : Practicality
(c) Paternal (d) Formidable (d) Arbitrary : Whimsical
10. PEARL : NECKLACE : : FLOWER : ? 18. LOATH : COERCION
(a) Plant (b) Garden (a) Detest : Caressing (b) Irritate : Caressing
(c) Petal (d) Bouquet (c) Irate : Antagonism (d) Reluctant : Persuasion
11. ALPHABET : WORD : : WORD : ? 19. SCALES : FISH
(a) Sound (b) Music (a) Lady : Dress (b) Tree : Leaves
(c) Sentence (d) Dictionary (c) Bird : Feather (d) Skin : Man
12. LIFE : DEATH : : HOPE : ? 20. TREE : SAPLING
(a) Cry (b) Pain (a) Hut : Mansion (b) Giant : Dwarf
(c) Despair (d) Sad (c) Horse : Foal (d) Ant : Elephant

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (a) : Hunger is satiated by food, thirst by water.
2. (b) : Weapon of a hunter is a gun, weapon of a writer is
a pen.
3. (c) : Wool is obtained from sheep, silk is obtained from
silkworm.
4. (a) : Food is consumed in stomach, fuel is consumed
in engine.
5. (c) : The related words are near opposites.
6. (b) : The youngone of an adult is a baby and that of a
flower is a bud.
7. (d) : A writer aims to please the readers by his writings,
a producer aims to please the consumers by his
products.
8. (a) : The related words are opposites.
9. (c) : Relations on the mother’s side are maternal and
on the father’s side paternal.
10. (d) : Many pearls make a necklace, many flowers make
a bouquet.
11. (c) : More than one alphabet make a word, more than
one word make a sentence.
12. (c) : The related words are opposites.
13. (d) : The related words are opposites.
14. (c) : Birds fly, snakes crawl.
15. (d) : Cat chases the mouse, bird chases the worm.
16. (d) : Punishment of leaving the State is exile,
punishment of leaving the Church is
excommunication.
17. (c) : The related words are antonyms
18. (d) : Loathing is the result of constant coersion,
reluctance is the result of constant persuasion.
19. (d) : Covering of the fish is scales, covering of man is
skin.
20. (c) : Young tree is a sapling, young horse is a foal.
 9

CHA
PTE
R

2 Number Classification

ODD ONE OUT—NUMBERS

In this type of classification, different numbers are given as options. These numbers have some commonness; except one
which is the odd one. One has to identify the similarity and then strike the odd one out as answer option. The number
can be odd/even/consecutive, prime numbers, multiple of some number, single, square or cubes of different numbers, plus/
minus of some other number or combinations of any mathematical calculation.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Directions : Find the odd number from the given options.
1. (a) 62 (b) 121 (c) 36 (d) 256
Ans. (a) : The other numbers are squares of :
11, (= 121), 6 (= 36) and 16 (= 256)
2. (a) 27 (b) 132 (c) 93 (d) 154
Ans. (d) : All other numbers are divisible by 3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In each of the following questions, there are four 7. (a) 24 (b) 90
options. Three numbers, in these options, are alike in certain (c) 54 (d) 36
manner. Only one number does not fit in. Choose the one 8. (a) 7658 (b) 1234
which is different from the rest. (c) 9876 (d) 6543
1. (a) 1948 (b) 2401 9. (a) 3 (b) 9
(c) 966 (d) 1449 (c) 5 (d) 7
2. (a) 182 (b) 169 10. (a) 6450 (b) 1776
(c) 130 (d) 158 (c) 2392 (d) 3815
3. (a) 129 (b) 130 11. (a) 24 (b) 48
(c) 131 (d) 132 (c) 42 (d) 12
4. (a) 3215 (b) 9309 12. (a) 616 (b) 252
(c) 4721 (d) 2850 (c) 311 (d) 707
5. (a) 1776 (b) 2364 13. (a) 18 (b) 12
(c) 1976 (d) 3776 (c) 30 (d) 20
6. (a) 64 (b) 84 14. (a) 3730 (b) 6820
(c) 16 (d) 36 (c) 5568 (d) 4604
9
 10

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (a) : Other numbers are divisible by 7. 9. (b) : All others are prime numbers.
2. (d) : Other numbers are multiples of 13. 10. (d) : All other numbers are divisible by 2.
3. (c) : 131 is a prime number. 11. (c) : All other numbers are multiples of 12.
4. (b) : In other numbers, no digit is repeated.
12. (c) : In other numbers, the first and last digits are
5. (b) : In other numbers the last two digits are same.
same.
6. (b) : All other numbers are perfect squares.
13. (a) : The other numbers are 32 + 3 = 12, 52 + 5 = 30,
7. (a) : In other numbers, the sum of both the digits is 9.
42 + 4 = 20, 62 + 6 = 42
8. (a) : In others, the digits are consecutive in natural or
reverse series. 14. (b) : In all other numbers, two digits are same.

ODD ONE OUT—LETTERS

In this classification of letters, four groups of letters or a series of letters is given as options. One has to select the option
as answer which does not share the commonness of the others.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Directions : Find the odd one out in the following letters :
1. (a) NOP (b) RTU (c) JKL (d) EFG
Ans. (b) : In each group the letters are consecutive. In this option the first two letters jump one letter (S) inbetween.
2. (a) RUX (b) CFI (c) BDG (d) FIL
Ans. (c) : In each group, the difference between the letters is same. In this option B and D jump one letter and D and G
jump two letters.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In each of the following questions, four out 5. (a) PEAR (b) TORE
of five alternatives contain alphabet placed in a particular (c) REAP (d) TEAR
form. Find the one that does not belong to the group. 6. (a) ECA (b) JHF
1. (a) BXCW (b) OTPS (c) OMK (d) UWY
(c) GQHR (d) JNKM 7. (a) ACE (b) PRT
(c) UWY (d) MNO
2. (a) BVPS (b) OLMZ
(c) RPSR (d) XTCD 8. (a) WVU (b) NML
(c) HGF (d) DBA
3. (a) RNJH (b) SOKG
9. (a) ABD (b) FGI
(c) QMIE (d) MIEA
(c) LMO (d) STU
4. (a) QLJS (b) GVTI
10. (a) CDE (b) JKL
(c) KRPM (d) ONMP (c) PQS (d) TUV

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (c) : In all other groups, first and third letters are
consecutive and second and fourth letters are in
reverse alphabetical order.
2. (c) : No letter is repeated in any other group.
3. (a) : In all other groups, there is a gap of three letters
between two consecutive letters.
4. (d) : In all other groups, first and third letters are
moved two steps forward to obtain fourth and
second letters respectively.
5. (b) : All other groups contain E, A and R.
6. (d) : All other groups contain alternate letters from
right to left.
 11

7. (d) : All other groups contain alternate letters from 9. (d) : In all others, the first two letters are consecutive
left to right. and third letter is obtained by skipping one letter
8. (d) : In all others, the three letters are consecutive but from the second.
in reverse order. 10. (c) : In all other, the three letters are consecutive.

ODD ONE OUT—WORDS

In this type of classification, five words are given out of which four are almost same in matter or meaning and only one
word is different from the common four. One has to find out the word which is different from the rest.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Directions : In the following questions spot the odd one out.
1. (a) Father (b) Mother (c) Friend (d) Brother
Ans. (c) : All other are blood relations.
2. (a) Water (b) Jelly (c) Lemonade (d) Coffee
Ans. (b) : All other are liquids.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In each of the following questions, four words 8. (a) Kite (b) Bird
are alike in some manner. Spot the odd one out. (c) Radar (d) Jet
1. (a) Green (b) Red 9. (a) Knee (b) Shoulder
(c) Colour (d) Orange (c) Ankle (d) Palm
2. (a) Stable (b) Hole 10. (a) Deluge (b) Calamity
(c) Canoe (d) Sty (c) Catastrophe (d) War
3. (a) Nose (b) Eyes 11. (a) Cub (b) Chicken
(c) Skin (d) Teeth (c) Pig (d) Pup
4. (a) Venus (b) Moon 12. (a) Rabbit (b) Crocodile
(c) Pluto (d) Mars (c) Earthworm (d) Snail
5. (a) Happy (b) Gloomy 13. (a) Tree (b) Leaf
(c) Lively (d) Cheerful (c) Bush (d) Herb
6. (a) Cone (b) Circle 14. (a) Doctor (b) Teacher
(c) Triangle (d) Rectangle (c) Engineer (d) Diver
7. (a) Lead (b) Mercury 15. (a) Trot (b) Equestrian
(c) Copper (d) Iron (c) Derby (d) Grunt

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (c) : All others are types of colour.
2. (c) : Canoe is a boat. Others are resting places of birds/
animals.
3. (d) : All others are sense organs.
4. (b) : All others are planets.
5. (b) : All others are expressions of joy
6. (a) : All others are geometrical figures.
7. (b) : All others are solid metals.
8. (c) : All others are flying objects. Radar traces the
objects in sky.
9. (d) : All others are joints in human body.
10. (d) : All others are nature-bound. Only war is man-made.
11. (c) : All others are young ones of animals.
12. (a) : All others are crawling animals.
13. (b) : All others are types of vegetation.
14. (d) : All others are professions, but only Diver’s
profession comprises of diving under water.
15. (d) : All other terms are related with activities of a
horse.
 12

CHA
PTE
R Small & Capital Letters/
3 Numbers Coding-Decoding
and Classification

TYPE - I
Coding is a secretive language which is used to change the representation of the actual term/word/value. This coded
language can be framed by (i) moving the letters one or more steps forward or backward; (ii) substituting numbers for letters
and vice–versa; (iii) writing the letters of the given word in reverse order in part or in whole; and (iv) replacing the letters
in their natural series by the same positioned letters in their reverse series.
Alphabet in natural series are :
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
     
1st 5th 10th 15th 20th 25th
Alphabet in reverse series are :
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A
     
1st 5th 10th 15th 20th 25th
Note : On reaching Z, the series restarts from A and on reaching A, it restarts from Z.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. If FACE is coded as GBDF, then BADE will be coded as :
(a) CBEF (b) CEBF (c) CFBE (d) CBFE
Ans. (a) : The word is coded by moving the letters one step forward.

2. If RESULT is coded as 798206, LET will be coded as :

(a) 680 (b) 092 (c) 096 (d) 086
Ans. (c) : The letters are coded by numbers, and to code the given word, select the respective coded numbers.
R E S U L T  letters
7 9 8 2 0 6  code
So, code for LET will be
L E T  letters
0 9 6  code
12
 13

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Directions : In the following questions select the right 8. If THOUSAND is coded as SGNTRZMC, then
option which indicates the correct code for the word or FUMING will be coded as :
letter given in the question. (a) GVNJOH (b) ETHLMF
(c) EVLJMH (d) ETLHMF
1. If CHAIR is coded as FKDLU then RAID is coded
as : 9. If EARTHQUAKE is coded as MOGPENJOSM, then
(a) ULGD (b) ULKG EQUATE will be coded as :
(a) MENOPM (b) MENOMP
(c) ULDG (d) UDLG
(c) MJOGPM (d) MNJOPM
2. If CONDEMN is coded as CNODMEN, then
10. In a certain code language HJIZT code is deciphered
TEACHER is coded as :
as MONEY, in the same way NOVGZ will be
(a) TEACHER (b) TAEECHR deciphered as :
(c) TCAEEHR (d) TAECEHR (a) STUMP (b) STALE
3. In a code language COME is written as XLNV and (c) STICK (d) SPIRE
ABLE as ZYOV. How will MOLLY be written in 11. If in a certain code JOSEPH is coded as FKOALD,
that code? then GEORGE will be coded in the same way as :
(a) NLOBO (b) NLBOO (a) CBJNCA (b) CANKCA
(c) LNOOB (d) NLOOB (c) CAKNCA (d) CAKCNA
4. In a certain code PROFESSION is written as 12. If COUNTRY is coded in a certain way as
EFORPNOISS. In the same code DICTIONARY will EMWLVPA, ELECTORATE will be coded in the
be written as : same manner as :
(a) YRANOITCID (b) ITCIDYRANO (a) CJCEVQPYWC (b) GJGERQTYVG
(c) ITCIDYRNAO (d) ITCDIYARNO (c) CNCERQPCRG (d) GJGAVMTYVC
13. In a certain code PORTUGESE is written as
5. JUNE is coded as NXPF, how will STAY be coded
ESEGUTROP, MALAYALAM will be written in the
in the same manner?
same code as :
(a) WWCZ (b) WVCZ
(a) MALAYALAM (b) MALYALAM
(c) WWDB (d) VWZC (c) MALAYALM (d) MALAYLAM
6. If in a certain code GENIUS is coded as IGPKWU, 14. If PHILOSOPHY is coded as HPLISOPOYH,
then IDIOT will be written in the same code as : ORNAMENTAL will be coded as :
(a) JEJPU (b) KFKQV (a) ROANEMNTLA (b) ONRAMNEALT
(c) LGLRW (d) HCHNS (c) ROANEMTNLA (d) ROANEMNATL
7. If ACTION is coded as ZXGRLM, then HEALTH 15. If SABOTAGE is coded as UADOVAIE, how will
will be coded in the same way as : EMERGENCY be coded in the same manner?
(a) SVZOGS (b) TVZOGT (a) GMGRIEPCA (b) GMGRGEPCA
(c) RUZPGR (d) QVGOZQ (c) BNBQFDOBZ (d) EOETGGNEY

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS

1. (d) : The word is coded by moving the letters three

steps forward.

2. (d) : In this word, the second and third letters

interchange their places and the fifth and sixth
letters do the same. Other letters retain their
Similarly, position.
14

Similarly,
Similarly,

3. (d) : The letters of the word are coded by their

represented letters in the reverse series.
C O M E  letters in natural series
X L N V  letters in reverse series 7. (a) : The letters of the word are coded by their
    represented letters in the reverse series.
3rd 15th13th 5th position of letters A C T I O N  letters in
A B L E  letters in natural series natural series
Z Y O V  letters in reverse series Z X G R L M letters in
       reverse series
1st 2nd 12th 5th position of letters 1st 20th 15th position of
Similarly, 3rd 9th 14th letters
M O L L Y  letters in
natural series Similarly,
N L O O B  letters in H E A L T H  letters in
     reverse series natural series
13th 15th 12th 12th 25th position of S V Z O G S  letters in
letters    reverse series
8th 1st 20th  position of
4. (b) : The word is divided into two equal parts and the 5th 12th 8th letters
letters of each part are written backwards.
8. (d) : The word is coded by moving the alphabet one
step backwards, i.e.,

Similarly,

5. (a) : The word is coded by moving the letters +4, +3,

+2, and +1 steps respectively.
Similarly,

Similarly,

9. (d) : The alphabet in word EQUATE are taken from the

given word EARTHQUAKE. Tally the letters from
the coded word to get the answer code.
E A R T H Q U A K E  letters
M O G P E N J O S M  codes
6. (b) : The word is coded by moving the letters two steps E Q U A T E  letters to be coded
forward, i.e., M N J O P M  answer codes
 15

10. (b) : The coded alphabet are deciphered by moving Similarly,

five steps forward, i.e.,

Similarly,

13. (a) : The coded word is the alphabet of the word written
backwards.

11. (c) : The word is coded by moving the alphabet four Similarly,
steps backward, i.e.,

14. (c) : The places of two consecutive letters in the word

are interchanged to form the coded word.

Similarly,
Similarly,

15. (a) : The word is coded by moving only the alphabet

at odd positions two steps forward.
12. (d) : The word is coded by moving the alphabet two
steps forward and two steps backward alternately,
i.e.,

Similarly,

TYPE - II
Column coding is a very complex form of coding. It needs a lot of attention and swift eye movement to decode the code
for each letter of the given words. Proper words in capital letters are given in one column and the codes in small letters
are given in another column. Based on the information given in both columns the candidate has to arrive at the correct
answer option.
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After some discussion, during which he displayed much learning

in his occult science, it was at length arranged that he should go
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The next morning he arrived with his staff and rosary and came
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After his dawa had been going on for some ten minutes the
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The magician first drew in ink the khatim (seal) on the palm of the
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proceeded to complete the khatim by putting a large blot of ink in the
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having the following appearance:
 The magician told the boy to gaze in the pool of ink in his hand
and to fear nothing, and started again with the spells.
He soon got seriously to work, repeating his incantations over and
over again at an extraordinarily rapid rate, swaying himself to and
fro, sometimes dropping his voice to a whisper that was almost
inaudible, then suddenly raising it to a shout as he called upon
Maimun, or some other afrit. At length he worked himself up to such
a pitch that the perspiration fairly streamed from his face. Now and
then he dropped pieces of incense into the earthenware dish that he
used as brazier; once he pulled out a leather pouch and produced a
knife and pieces of stick, from which he cut off shavings to drop into
the fire. Soon the whole room was filled with the sweet sickly smoke
of burning perfumes.
Occasionally he peered through the smoke at the boy to judge
how far he had been affected by his magic. After a time he
apparently concluded that the end of the incantations was close at
hand. He redoubled his efforts, jabbering at such a pace that it was
impossible to catch a single word and working himself up to an
extraordinary pitch of excitement. Then he suddenly dropped his
voice till it became almost inaudible, and followed this up by shouting
out something as loud as he could bawl. He stopped abruptly; leant
back panting against the wall, mopped his streaming face and told
the boy to say “Ataro.”
The boy repeated the word after him. The magician, evidently
considering that his labours were over, then asked the boy to tell us
what he saw in the ink.
The experiment, however, proved a distinct failure. The boy was
unable to see anything, and, though the magician tried again to
reduce him to the clairvoyant state, he was equally unsuccessful on
the second attempt.
On a subsequent occasion, when I met this magician, I induced
him to write out the necessary incantations, etc., required for the
performance of the mandal. The translation of what he wrote on the
paper that he placed on the tahdir’s forehead was as follows:
“We have set forth your propositions, and according to the Koran
we beg our Prophet Mohammed to answer our prayer.”
He commenced the incantations by calling on the spirits he was
invoking thus:
“Toorsh, toorsh, Fiboos, fiboos, Sheshel, sheshel, Koftel, koftel,
Kofelsha.”
The first four names, which are each repeated twice, are those
which are written so as to form the frame of the khatim, the first
being that at the top, the second the one on the left, the third the
bottom one and the fourth that on the right-hand side. The last word,
“Kofelsha,” does not appear in the khatim, and may be some word
used in magic.
The dawa, or invocation proper, ran as follows:
 “Descend this day, Oh! Celestial Spirits, so that he here may see
you with his own eyes and talk to you with his own mouth and set
before you that which he desires. Descend quickly, and without
delay, this very minute. I call on you in the name of Solomon, in the
name of Allah the clement and gracious, to obey and to submit
yourselves to my orders for the love of Allah. Zaagra zagiran
zaafiran hafayan nakeb, Zaagra Zagiran Zaafiran hafayan nakeb,
zaagra zagiran zaafiran hafayan nakeb.”
This dawa was repeated over and over again, punctuated
occasionally with a loud shout of “Maimun,” which was presumably
the name of his own familiar spirit.
The last part of the dawa, which it will be seen is a series of words
three times repeated, is untranslatable. It is either the names of
some fresh spirits or, more probably, some magical gibberish
designed to impress the tahdir and spectator.
He told me that if the séance had not been a failure, and he had
been able to get the spirits under his control when summoned, that it
would have been necessary for him to have liberated them
afterwards by means of a second incantation which he called a saraf
(change?), the form of which was as follows:
“In the name of Allah who has sent you, subdued to my orders, I
pray you, Oh! spirits, to go back whence you came. I pray Allah to
preserve you for ever to do good and to fulfil all that is asked of you.”
Later on, while staying at Luxor, I made another attempt to
witness the mandal. This time I was rather more successful.
The dawa, so far as I could see, was practically the same as the
invocation of the magician in Dakhla; but the Sheykh el Afrit made no
attempt to be impressive, and went through the performance in the
most perfunctory manner. The boy appeared to be merely bored,
and anxious only to earn his bakhshish, and to get away again and
play.
When he had finished the incantations, the magician asked the
boy what he saw in the ink. He replied that he saw a broom
sweeping the ground. The magician told him that, when the
sweeping was finished, he was to tell “them” (presumably the spirits)
to pitch a tent.
After a short interval, during which the boy attentively watched the
ink, he said that the tent was pitched. He was then told to command
them to place seven chairs in it. When the boy declared that this had
been done, he was told that they were to summon the seven kings.
Shortly after, the boy declared that the kings had arrived and were
seated on the chairs.
The Sheykh el Afrit then asked me what it was I wanted to know. I
told him I wished the boy to tell me of what I was thinking, and I
pictured to myself a young man of the Tawarek race I had once met
in the desert.
The boy peered into the ink for some time before answering.
Then, in a rather hesitating voice, said that he saw a woman.
I asked if she were veiled. The boy replied that she was. I told him
to describe the veil. He said it was black, and in two parts, one
covering the lower part of her face and the other the upper portion.
This was correct. The man I had seen was wearing the usual
litham, or mask, carried by his race, consisting of a long strip of black
cotton, wrapped twice round his head, the lower strip covering his
face up to the level of his eyes and the upper one concealing his
forehead, a narrow opening being left between the two through
which he could see.
I next asked the boy if he could see the woman’s hair. It was a
long time before he replied to this question. Then, in a very doubtful
tone, as though he felt he were not describing it properly, he said he
could see it sticking up from the top of her head.
This was also correct, as the litham the man had been wearing
did not cover the crown of his head, and consequently his hair was
exposed. It was remarkable, owing to the fact that Moslem women
are even more particular to conceal the top of their heads than to
cover their faces. The crown of their head must not be seen by their
own father, or some say even by the moon.
 I then told the boy that his description was perfectly accurate,
except that, as the figure he saw was veiled, he had very naturally
concluded it to be that of a woman instead of a man. I asked him
whether the man carried any weapons, and pictured to myself a
curious dagger he had been wearing, which lay along the under side
of his left forearm, secured to it by a band round his wrist, with the
hilt lying in the palm of his hand.
The boy replied that he carried a sword. This was true, though I
was not thinking of it at the time. I asked him to tell me what he was
doing with it. He said he could see a drawn sword, and the man was
holding it in his left hand. He again seemed doubtful in making this
statement.
The left hand is considered as unclean among Moslems, and
consequently left-handed natives are very rare, so, although his
statement as to his holding a drawn sword in his hand was wrong,
the connection with the left hand, on which the man had been
carrying the sheathed dagger I had had in my mind, was rather
curious, unless he were seeing his image reversed, as he would
have done if he had seen him in a mirror. I asked him whether he
was sure that it was a sword that he saw, and not a dagger, but he
was quite positive on the point, and added that it was an unusually
long one. This would have tallied well with the sword, which was a
long and straight one, much like the ordinary Dervish type from the
Sudan. But I had been thinking of the dagger and not of the sword,
so on this point he was wrong.
At this point in the proceedings the wretched dragoman from the
hotel, who had led me to the magician, shoved in his oar, asked the
boy some stupid question, causing him to look up from the ink to
reply, and the magician declared it would be useless to ask him any
further questions, as the spell had been broken.
This method of clairvoyance, if such it be, has been seen by
several reliable Europeans—Lane, for instance, gives an account of
it in his book on “The Manners and Customs of the Modern
Egyptians”—and there can be no doubt at all that, in some
unexplained manner, correct answers have often been given to the
questions asked of the boy when the possibility of collusion was out
of the question.
The phenomena of thought transference have been considerably
investigated of late years, and many serious scientists believe in the
possibility of communicating ideas in this way, without the medium of
either speech or hearing. Assuming this to be feasible, thought
transference affords a ready means of explaining the phenomena of
the Derb el Mandal in a case like that I have just described.
But the mandal is said to be used with success for other purposes
besides the mere reading of another person’s thoughts. The finding
of hidden treasure, or articles that have been lost, is a very frequent
reason for it being employed, and I have been assured, by natives,
that the results are often satisfactory; but reliable evidence on this
point is certainly desirable.
One of the railway guards in the Nile Valley used to have a great
reputation for doing the mandal. He was once called in to diagnose
the case of the young daughter of a man I knew, and to prescribe
treatment. This, I was told, he did successfully, and the girl
completely recovered. There is nothing, however, remarkable in this,
as most complaints will cure themselves if doctors and other
magicians will only leave them alone. The influence, too, of faith-
healing and suggestion in this case would also have to be
considered.
The railway man used a small mirror instead of a pool of ink. The
boy, who was looking into it, stated subsequently that, after gazing at
it for some time, it appeared to become greatly enlarged, and a room
seemed to be reflected in it. This he was told to order to be swept
and then sprinkled. I have seen a glass of water used instead of a
pool of ink, and believe that a basin of oil is also sometimes
employed. The whole question is an extremely curious one, and
might possibly repay investigations on the ground that it is not magic.
 CHAPTER XXVII

NATURAL HISTORY

T HE intense heat and dryness, with the resulting great

evaporation, combined with the almost total absence of rain, and
the cutting action of the sand, when driven by the furious desert
gales, makes the existence of vegetation in the desert almost an
impossibility.
Still here and there a few blades of grass, or even a green bush or
two, are to be met with, though one may travel for several days’
journey in any direction from them before any other growing plants
are to be seen.
The plants that grow in the desert are all especially adapted by
nature to withstand the heat and drought. The stems of the bushes
have a dense outer covering to prevent evaporation. Their leaves
are small and leathery for the same reason. But their chief peculiarity
is perhaps the extraordinary development of their roots, which
stretch for enormous distances in search of water.
Some of the wild plants I collected in Dakhla Oasis were found
growing on very saline ground—in a few cases the soil around them
being white, with the salt lying on the surface. The date palm seems
to have been specially designed by nature to flourish under desert
conditions. A palm will grow in soils containing as much as four per
cent of salt, providing its roots can reach a stratum containing less
than one per cent, and, if it can find a layer with a half per cent of salt
only, it is capable of yielding an abundant crop.
The animals in the oasis are no less interesting than the plants.
The nights in Dakhla—especially at Rashida and Mut—are made
hideous by the dismal howling of the jackals. The dog tribe in the
oasis are probably unusually interesting. I collected a number of
skins, but, when I went off into the desert, was unable to take them
with me, and had to leave them behind in a half-cured state in Mut.
Insects swarm in the hot weather, with the result that, by the time I
returned from my various desert trips, I invariably found that they had
got at my skins to such an extent as to render them worthless to any
museum.
One jackal skin that I managed to bring in in a fair state, and gave
to the Natural History Museum in Kensington, was most kindly
identified for me by Mr. Martin A. C. Hinton as being identical with
the large Egyptian jackal, or “wolf,” canis lupaster. All the jackals of
Dakhla are of an unusually large size, and are locally called wolves. I
was told that they breed freely with the village dogs. In addition to
the jackals, foxes are extremely numerous, some being apparently
identical with the common greyish fox of the Nile Valley.
There are probably some species of the dog tribe in the oasis
which are new. One evening near Mut I happened to be returning to
the town about sunset, and noticed a fox that struck me as being of
an unusual appearance. Shortly after I first saw him, he went to the
far side of a low mound of earth; I was consequently able to
approach him unseen, and managed to get within about ten yards of
him before attracting his attention. He then bolted; but not before I
had had a good view of him.
He was a fairly large fox of a greyish brown colour, and carried a
very fine brush. But his most striking peculiarity was that he was
covered with large black spots, which appeared to be about an inch
and a half in diameter. On questioning the inhabitants, I found that a
spotted fox was occasionally seen in the oasis, but was not
apparently very common. Markings of this nature are, I believe, quite
unknown in any fox, so that this one probably was of unusual
interest. Unfortunately, I was unable to secure a specimen.
In addition to the jackals and foxes, an occasional hyena is said to
appear in the oasis, but none, so far as I heard, were seen while I
was there.
 A curious fact in relation to the jackals in Dakhla is that they
appear to be to a great extent vegetarians, living largely upon the
fallen fruit in the plantations—a fact which recalls the story of the fox
and the grapes.
Gazelles used to be fairly numerous in the scrub-covered areas in
and around the oases, but I invariably found them extremely shy and
difficult to approach. Once, in the distance, I caught sight of a pair
that looked interesting. One of them had an extremely pale coat, and
was perhaps a rim (Loder’s gazelle); but the other was of a deep
reddish—almost chestnut—colour that, from a distance, looked
unlike any known variety. The usual gazelle found in these parts is
the common Dorcas; but these two looked entirely different. The
natives do not seem to distinguish between the various varieties, all
of which bear a strong resemblance to each other, classing them
altogether as “gazelle.”
Scorpions swarm in the older buildings of the town, and the
natives get frequently stung, sometimes, I was told, with fatal effect.
The leaves of a round-leaved plant known as khobbayza[17] are
pounded and made into a poultice to apply to their stings—it is said
with considerable effect. A native quack doctor from the Nile Valley
used to do a considerable trade in little blackish wafers of a
composition that he kept secret, which were also said to be very
beneficial not only against the stings of scorpions but also in the
case of snake bites. One of the native doctors I met in Mut tried them
on some of his patients with, he told me, great success. Very large,
hairy, yellow spiders, tarantulas perhaps, I saw once or twice, and
found the natives very much afraid of them.
In the Nile Valley, curious mud-built tables supported on a single
thick leg are used on which to place young children to secure them
from the attacks of scorpions and tarantulas that, owing to the
overhang of the table, are unable to climb to the top. The table-top
itself is surrounded by a low wall to prevent the children from falling
off, the crest of the wall itself being often fantastically decorated.
I never came across any snakes at Dakhla, but more than once
saw the skin they had shed. There is said to be a long black snake,
generally found in or near the water channels, whose bite is
considered to be extremely dangerous. The ordinary horned
cerastes viper, though often met with in the desert, seems to be rare
in the oasis—and the same may be said of the unhorned viper that
so much resembles it at first sight. Insects swarm during the hot
weather in the oases. Butterflies are scarce, but moths are fairly
numerous. In Kharga I caught the cotton moth, but I did not see it in
Dakhla. Locusts are almost, I believe, unknown, but the grasshopper
tribe are in some parts—Tenida for instance—extremely numerous.

SCORPION-PROOF PLATFORM.

Bristle tails (silver fish) were unpleasantly destructive, and boring

bees do much damage by perforating the palm-trunk joists and
rafters of the houses and rendering them unsafe. House flies were
quite common enough to be a nuisance, though not to the extent
usually found in the Nile Valley. Mosquitoes were present in only
small numbers in Mut, owing probably to the scarcity of water in the
neighbourhood.
Dragon flies were conspicuously numerous—a dark red, a
greenish variety and a beautiful steely blue kind being, so far as I
saw, the most common.
In the spring there is a large immigration of birds into the oasis,
coming up from the south-west. Sand grouse—both a pintailed and a
spotted variety—are to be met with on the outskirts of the oasis and
in the parts of it remote from the villages. Quail, duck, snipe and
various water birds abound in the oasis at certain seasons. Kites I
never saw or heard, but eagles were several times seen. Also a bird
of the hawk species. Ravens exist in small numbers.
Pigeons are fairly well represented, a large wild pigeon—the blue
rock apparently, which lives largely in the cliffs surrounding the oasis
—being common. These at times give very good sport; in the open
they are far too wary to be approached within gun-shot. But in the
evening they come down to the wells to drink, usually choosing one
that is removed some distance from the villages.
But these pigeons proved to be very poor eating, their flesh being
hard and dry, and not to be compared with sand grouse for the pot.
The sand grouse, too, were singularly hard to bag. The only place
where I ever succeeded in shooting any was on the Gubary road
between Dakhla and Kharga Oases. I found them fairly numerous
there, being generally to be seen in the early morning at the places
where the bedawin camped for the night. As the day grew older they
left the road altogether and flew off into the desert.
The birds that interested me most in the oases were the kimri, or
palm doves. There are at least two kinds in Dakhla, the kimri beladi,
or local palm dove, and the kimri sifi, or summer dove. The former
seems to be resident in Dakhla all the year round; but the latter are
migrants, coming into the oasis in March and returning in the autumn
after the date harvest. They take somewhat the place in Dakhla that
the cuckoo does in England, their advent being regarded as a sign
that the winter is past and the summer close at hand. The palm
groves of the oasis, when the hot weather comes on, swarm with
these pretty little birds, whose soft cooing as they sit swaying in the
palm tops is a most melodious sound—extremely pleasant and
soothing after a long hot desert journey.
The whole question of the animal and vegetable life in these
desolate regions is one of great interest. In spite of the intensely arid
nature of these deserts, they support in some marvellous way a
considerable amount of life.
Small lizards were often to be seen in the desert scuttling about
the ground. They run with extraordinary speed, and are very difficult
to catch. The usual way, I believe, is to throw a handkerchief on the
ground and to drive the lizard towards it, when it will frequently run
under the handkerchief to shelter, and can then be easily picked up. I
found that, though they could run very fast for a short distance, they
very soon tired, and, if steadily followed up for a hundred yards,
without allowing them time to rest, they became so exhausted that
they could be easily secured.
I never saw a specimen of the waran, or large lizard, in the desert,
but on one occasion saw what looked like its track. It resembled the
trail of a large-bodied lizard crawling slowly over the sand. My men,
however, declared it to be the track of an issulla, which they
described as a creature between a snake and a lizard in shape,
which, when approached, will fly at an intruder, rising into the air
after a rapid run on membraneous wings stretched between its legs
—acting apparently somewhat like an aeroplane. They said its bite
was poisonous, and generally fatal, but that, if it failed to strike home
during its flight, it fell on the ground and burst! The existence of such
a reptile—if we exclude the bursting part of the story—is perhaps not
absolutely impossible. One has to take native statements of this kind
with more than the usual amount of salt; but it does not do to ignore
them entirely.
Its track corresponded well with the description of the reptile given
me by my men, for, outside the marks where its feet had been
placed, something had clearly been dragged along the sand, leaving
a trace that showed upon its surface as a scratch. What that
“something” was it is difficult to say—unless, as my men declared, it
was part of the membrane upon which the issulla is said to sail
through the air. It could not have been caused by its tail, as it
appeared in places upon both sides of the track at once.
With regard to the capacity it is said to have of being able to rise
into the air from the ground, that, I think, presents but little difficulty. I
gathered from my men’s account that it would have been nearly
three feet long. The small fast-running lizards previously mentioned
are mostly under six inches in length, and must be able to travel at
nearly ten miles an hour, as it takes a man on foot all his time to
catch them up. As the issulla must be five times the length of these
little lizards, it is not unreasonable to assume that it can run quite
twice as fast, or say at twenty miles an hour, which, if it were running
against a stiffish breeze, would be equivalent to say fifty miles an
hour through the air—a speed that would probably easily cause it to
rise from the ground—but it is a tall story.
Snakes are very common in the desert—the lefa’a, or horned
viper, and a very similar viper without horns being in places rather
unpleasantly numerous. In addition we killed a very thin sandy-
coloured snake, about four feet in length, which, so far as I could
judge from its head, did not appear to be poisonous. The naja, or
Egyptian cobra, sometimes seen in the Nile Valley, is, I believe, quite
unknown in the desert and oases.
I several times heard rumours of a feathered snake. At first I put
this down as being a myth, but I afterwards found that this creature
had been seen by at least one European, who had been long
resident in the country. The specimen he saw was one killed in the
Nile Valley. He described it as being a short, stout, sandy-coloured
snake, having along its back, for some distance behind its head, a
sort of crest of elongated scales considerably frayed out at their
ends.
The existence of this creature is by no means an impossibility, for
reptiles and birds are closely related.
 Insects in the desert are comparatively few in number. I once
found a few small ants, pink and silver in colour. Large grotesque-
looking mantids were often seen running about on the sandy
portions of the desert. Some of them were of considerable size,
many of them being quite three inches long. They were curious
creatures, and apparently very pugnacious, as, when approached,
they would often turn round and face me, raising themselves slightly
on their squat fat bodies and pawing the air with their big front legs.
If I pushed my foot towards them they frequently attacked it,
grappling my toe with their legs and trying to bite. I picked up one of
the larger ones and gave him the end of my thumb to bite—a rather
foolish proceeding, it struck me afterwards, as, for all I knew to the
contrary, his bite might have been poisonous. He bit furiously at the
end of my thumb with his rather formidable jaws, foaming at the
mouth and doing his feeble best to damage me. He managed to get
hold of a small pinch of skin between his jaws, which closed in a
horizontal direction, and gave me a nip I could distinctly feel.
Once, in the desert west of Dakhla, I found a mosquito, which
considerably raised my hopes that I might be getting near water. But
it proved to be only a wind-born specimen, coming probably from
Nesla or Bu Mungar. Lace-winged flies frequently came into our
camp, even when far out into the desert, and on most nights a few
moths flew into my tent and came to my candle; occasionally they
were in considerable numbers.
The common house flies, though a nuisance in the oasis, are
fortunately unknown in the desert, though frequently a swarm of
them, if there is no wind, will follow a caravan when starting from an
oasis; but they disappear in a day or two.
Once while riding in a desert with my caravan, when, having left
an oasis the day before, we were considerably bothered with these
pests, a swarm of which kept buzzing round our heads, I was
relieved of them in a rather unexpected manner. A swallow—
evidently migrating—came up to the caravan from the south, and
being presumably very hungry, kept flying round and round our
heads, snapping up a fly at every circle. Owing probably to its
hunger, the little creature was extraordinarily tame—its wing tips
several times almost touched my face. Having remained with the
caravan for a few minutes, it circled round us half a dozen times to
make sure that there were no flies that it had overlooked, and then
flew off and pursued its way to the north.
A list of some of the insects I collected will be found in Appendix
II.
The road that we followed to the south-west from Dakhla lay in the
direction from which the birds were migrating, so I not only noted
every specimen that we saw, but put down in my route book every
feather that I picked up, and even the marks on the sand where
these migrants had alighted, as this was all valuable evidence that
we were still travelling in the right direction.
In addition to palm doves and the smaller migrants, we several
times saw storks and cranes, or their tracks; but this, of course, only
occurred during the season of their migration. There was a large
white bird, which appeared to be an eagle, that we frequently saw at
all seasons, but I was never able to get very close to it, as, unlike
most desert creatures, it was extremely wild.
The only place where I ever saw any sand grouse, outside the
oases, was on the road between Kharga and Dakhla. They seemed
to be entirely absent from the desert to the south and south-west of
Dakhla, and also from the desert surrounding Farafra Oasis—the
reason of their absence presumably being the lack of food.
Not only were insects, reptiles and birds fairly well represented in
the desert, but even mammals were not unknown. In addition to the
desert rats, about eighty miles to the south of Dakhla I came across
the remains of a gazelle, but possibly the poor little beast had only
wandered out into the desert to die. Small foxes, though they existed
in the oasis, I never saw in the desert—the rats would not have been
so numerous if I had. The tracks of a larger fox were seen several
times, often several days’ journey away from an oasis. The tracks of
jackals, or wolves, I could not be sure which, were still oftener
encountered.
 The dog tribe, of course, could live on the rats and lizards, but,
unless they obtained sufficient moisture from the blood of their
victims, they must have returned occasionally to the oases to drink.
One wonders why these animals, who can live also in the oases,
should prefer to exist in the desert, where the conditions under which
they are forced to live must make life almost impossible.
The problem of how the desert rats exist has caused much
discussion, and cannot yet be said to be solved. I have found them
certainly a good hundred and fifty miles from any oasis, in a part
quite barren, yet they were obviously perfectly healthy, plump and
lively.
I was once camped for several weeks in the dune belt that runs
through Kharga Oasis. One evening I had just sat down to dinner,
when I noticed one of these little kangaroo rats hopping about in the
candle-light just outside the door of my tent. A sudden movement
that I made scared him. He jumped about four feet and was gone in
a flash.
But in a minute or two, prompted probably by curiosity, he was
back again in his old place, hovering about just outside the tent.
Hoping to get a better look at him, I flipped a small piece of bread so
that it fell just in front of him. After some hesitation, he pounced on to
it, and carrying it a few yards away, proceeded to eat it.
He then came back again, stationing himself a little nearer in, and
seized another piece of bread I threw him that dropped about half-
way between us. Soon I had him taking pieces actually out of my
hand—he was extraordinarily tame.
I was just finishing my meal, and had forgotten all about him, and
was reading a book propped up on the table as I ate, when I
suddenly felt a tap on the top of my thigh, and on looking down to
see what it was, found that he had not only returned, but had actually
jumped up on to my leg as I sat at table. In a moment more, he had
hopped up on to the table itself and was eating the crumbs.
He was so absolutely fearless that he even allowed me to stroke
his back with my finger; but directly I attempted to close my hand
over him he jumped off the table in alarm on to the ground, where,
however, he remained restlessly hopping about with his
extraordinarily springy movement, till I threw him another piece of
bread.
Apparently, however, he had had as much as he wanted for the
moment, for, instead of eating it as he had done before, he picked it
up, hopped out of the tent, and disappeared for several minutes.
Presently, however, he came back again. I threw him another piece
that he again made off with, and after an interval returned for more.
He must have carried off about ten pieces in this way that evening,
each piece about the size of a filbert. I kept on feeding him so long
as he continued to return; but at last, being perhaps tired after
carrying so often what must have been a heavy load for him, he
ceased to appear.
He returned again on the following night, and for eight
consecutive ones. Each night I gave him as much bread as he would
eat and carry away. He seemed to be a very small eater; but he must
have taken off with him enough bread to make two or three loaves.
In addition, he levied toll on the grain for the camels, which he
obtained by gnawing holes in the sacks.
This last, however, proved to be his undoing, for one of my men
happened to catch him in the act, and promptly, much to my disgust,
killed him. It was unquestionably the same rat that had come nightly
to my tent that had also carried off the grain, for there was no
possibility of mistaking him, owing to the fact that he had lost an eye.
I felt quite sorry to lose the little beast, which had become quite a
pet, and latterly became so tame that he would allow me to pick him
up and stroke him. When my man, however, grabbed hold of him in
his hand, he promptly bit him in the thumb.
These little kangaroo rats are wonderfully pretty little creatures,
just the colour of the sand itself, with large black eyes and a very
long tail. Their most striking peculiarity is the enormous muscular
development of their hind legs, which seem quite disproportionately
massive in comparison with their small bodies.
 It is this great muscular development of their long hind legs that
gives them such wonderful powers of locomotion. Once, while
travelling with my caravan over a large area of level sand, I came
across the track of one of these rats, quite clearly visible on the
smooth surface, and as it happened to be travelling in practically the
same direction as I was going myself, I followed it for a long
distance.
The track consisted of a series of double dots where the hind feet
had landed on the sand, occurring at regular intervals of three to four
feet apart. I followed those tracks for over nine miles in practically a
straight line, till a change in the direction of my route from that of the
rat compelled me to leave them.
During the whole of the time during which I followed them, I only
found three or four places where the rat had abandoned his regular
pace and stopped for a moment or two to turn round and round
apparently to play with his tail.
The speed at which these little beasts can travel is little short of
marvellous. The fastest runner would not have the remotest chance
of catching them; when frightened, they will go off at a pace that the
natives say even a horse cannot equal. The steady rate which the
one whose tracks I had followed had kept up for so many miles,
shows that they can travel long distances without tiring, and that they
not only can, but do.
It is in this marvellous capacity for getting over the ground, and
their habit of hoarding up provisions, that the explanation of their
ability to live in these districts can, I believe, be found.
Absolutely barren as this district seems to be, there are here and
there patches of grass, quite dead to all appearances, but which
have probably shed their seed on the surrounding ground. Even in
these arid districts rain is not unknown—there were stories in Dakhla
of a regular downpour that was said to have occurred not many
years before, when rain fell in such quantities that many of the mud-
built houses of the oasis melted before it and fell down. Rainfall such
as this, or even a heavy shower, might cause the seed to sprout. The
grass is usually found growing on the stiffest clay, which would hold