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Chapter 5 Nutrition - Lecture Notes
Chapter 5 Nutrition - Lecture Notes
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Chapter 4: Nutrition
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Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Examples: o Main source of
(contain (simple sugars) o Glucose energy
C, H, O) o Fructose o To form supporting
o Galactose structures (eg.
o Reducing sugars Cellulose cell wall
(H: O ratio = (sweet fruits & in plts)
2:1) honeys) o Converted to other
organic compounds
eg. Fats & amino
acids
Disaccharides Examples: o For formation of
(Complex sugars) o Maltose (Reducing) = nucleic acids
Glucose + Glucose (DNA)
o Formed when 2
simple sugars o Lactose (Reducing) =
combine with Glucose + Galactose
elimination of a
water molecule • Sucrose (non-
reducing) = Glucose
+ Fructose
Polysaccharides Examples:
(Macromolecules) o Starch (green plts)
o Glycogen (animals)
o Made up of o Cellulose (plants)
thousands of
simple sugar units o In each, the glucose
(glucose) is linked differently
Class Components Sources Importance
Fats Fats: solid at r.t.p o Meat, Milk, lard, o As a source of energy
(contain Oils: liquid at r.t.p butter, egg yolk (from o To form part of the cell
C, H, O), but animals) membrane
less O Fats = Fatty acids + o Oils in nuts and o As solvents for fat-
compared to Glycerol seeds (from plants) soluble vitamins and
Carbohydrates some hormones
o As an insulator to
(H:O > 2:1) prevent excessive heat
loss from skin
Proteins Made up of amino o Lean meat, fish, o For growth & repair of
(contain acids (a.a) (22 types) eggs, milk, cheese worn-out parts
C, H, O, N) (from animals) o Source of energy
Each protein is unique o Beans & Cereals o For producing
may contain some (from plants) enzymes, hormones,
or all of the amino antibody, haemoglobin,
acid molecules etc
the way each a.a is
arranged determines
what type of protein it
is
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Vitamins & Refer to handout Refer to handout o Needed in small
Minerals amounts for the
healthy functioning of
our body
o To prevent deficiency
diseases
o Many vitamins also
function as coenzymes
needed for chemical
reaction occurring in
cells
o Activity: The more active a person is, the greater the amount of energy needed
o Age: Teenagers/young adults need more energy per kg body mass than young
children and old people
o Sex: For the same body size and age, men use up more energy than women