Mastering SDL for Game Creators

Kameron Hussain
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Mastering SDL for Game Creators: Crafting Unique Experiences

SDL Game Development Series

Kameron Hussain and Frahaan Hussain

Published by Sonar Publishing, 2024.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the
publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for
damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

MASTERING SDL FOR GAME CREATORS: CRAFTING UNIQUE

EXPERIENCES

First edition. January 17, 2024.

Copyright © 2024 Kameron Hussain and Frahaan Hussain.

Written by Kameron Hussain and Frahaan Hussain.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Mastering SDL for Game Creators: Crafting Unique Experiences (SDL

Game Development Series)
Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Advanced SDL Programming Concepts

1.1. Deep Dive into SDL Architecture

1.2. Custom SDL Extensions and Modifications

Custom SDL Extensions

Modifying SDL’s Source Code

Example: Creating a Custom SDL Rendering Extension

1.3. Memory Management and Optimization in SDL

Memory Management

Resource Caching

Performance Optimization

Memory Profiling and Debugging

1.4. Multi-threading in SDL Games

The Need for Multi-threading

SDL’s Thread Support

Thread Safety and Shared Resources

Practical Use Cases

1.5. Advanced Event Management Techniques

Custom Event Types

Event Filters

Input Handling Techniques

Event-driven Design

Chapter 2: 3D Graphics with SDL

2.1. Integrating SDL with OpenGL

SDL and OpenGL Setup

Rendering with OpenGL

2.2. Building 3D Models and Environments

Representing 3D Objects

Modeling Software

Loading 3D Models

Building 3D Environments

2.3. Advanced Lighting and Shading Techniques

Types of Lighting

Phong Shading Model

Implementing Phong Shading

2.4. 3D Camera Movements and Controls

Camera Representation

Viewing Matrix

Camera Movement

Camera Projection

Combining Matrices
Implementing Camera Controls

Conclusion

2.5. Performance Optimization in 3D Rendering

Batching and Rendering Efficiency

Level of Detail (LOD)

Culling Techniques

Texture and Shader Optimization

GPU and CPU Profiling

Multithreading

Conclusion

Chapter 3: Procedural Content Generation

3.1. Understanding Procedural Generation

What is Procedural Generation?

Advantages of Procedural Generation

Applications of Procedural Generation

Procedural Generation Algorithms

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

3.2. Randomized Level Design

Principles of Randomized Level Design

Procedural Level Generation Techniques

Considerations and Challenges

Conclusion

3.3. Dynamic AI and Enemy Generation

Dynamic AI Behavior

Enemy Generation

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

3.4. Creating Procedural Textures and Models

Procedural Texture Generation

Procedural 3D Model Generation

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

3.5. Balancing Randomness and Playability

The Role of Randomness

Considerations for Balancing

Player Agency and Choice

Conclusion

Chapter 4: Physics and Realism in Games

4.1. Integrating Physics Engines with SDL

The Role of Physics in Games

Integrating Physics Engines

Conclusion

4.2. Realistic Motion and Collision Detection

Realistic Object Motion

Precise Collision Detection

Challenges and Optimizations

Conclusion

4.3. Simulating Environmental Effects

The Importance of Environmental Effects

Techniques for Simulating Environmental Effects

Challenges and Performance Considerations

Conclusion

4.4. Implementing Ragdoll Physics

Understanding Ragdoll Physics

Implementing Ragdoll Physics

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

4.5. Advanced Particle Systems

Understanding Particle Systems

Advanced Particle System Techniques

Performance Optimization

Conclusion

Chapter 5: Multiplayer Game Development

5.1. Designing for Networked Multiplayer

The Appeal of Multiplayer Games

Design Considerations

Best Practices
Development Process

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

5.2. Server-Client Architecture in SDL

Server-Client Architecture Overview

Key Components of Server-Client Interaction

Implementation Steps

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

5.3. Handling Network Latency and Prediction

Understanding Network Latency

Predictive Movement

Client-Side Prediction
Lag Compensation

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

5.4. Synchronizing Game States Across Players

The Importance of Game State Synchronization

Server Authority

Networking Protocol

Interpolation and Smoothing

Snapshot-Based Synchronization

Challenges and Considerations

Conclusion

5.5. Security Considerations in Online Games

Authentication and Authorization

Data Encryption
Server-Side Validation

Anti-Cheat Systems

Data Privacy and Compliance

Regular Updates and Patching

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Advanced Audio Techniques

Section 6.1: 3D Spatial Audio Implementation

Section 6.2: Dynamic Music and Sound Effects

Dynamic Music

Sound Effects

Conclusion

Section 6.3: Audio Mixing and Processing

Audio Mixing
Audio Processing

Conclusion

Section 6.4: Voice Chat Integration

Voice Chat Basics

Voice Chat Communication

Voice Quality and Optimization

Conclusion

Section 6.5: Audio Optimization and Compression

Audio File Formats

Audio Compression

Bitrate and Sample Rate

Streaming vs. Buffering

Audio Quality Testing

Conclusion
Chapter 7: AI and Machine Learning in Games

Section 7.1: Advanced AI Strategies for NPCs

Role of AI in Games

Advanced Pathfinding

Behavior Trees

Finite State Machines (FSM)

Machine Learning

Conclusion

Section 7.2: Implementing Learning Algorithms in Games

Types of Learning Algorithms

Reinforcement Learning in Games

Player Behavior Prediction

Dynamic Game Balancing

Ethical Considerations

Conclusion

Section 7.3: Adaptive Game Difficulty

What Is Adaptive Game Difficulty?

Implementing Adaptive Difficulty

Ethical Considerations

Conclusion

Section 7.4: Data-Driven Game Design Decisions

The Role of Player Data

Leveraging Player Data

Ethical Considerations

Conclusion

Section 7.5: Ethical Considerations in AI

Player Privacy and Data Protection

Fairness and Bias

Transparency and Explainability

Player Consent and Control

AI Behavior in Sensitive Areas

Player Well-being and Mental Health

Continuous Ethical Review

Conclusion

Chapter 8: VR and AR Game Development

Section 8.1: Basics of Virtual and Augmented Reality

What is Virtual Reality (VR)?

What is Augmented Reality (AR)?

Considerations for VR and AR Game Development

Conclusion
Section 8.2: Implementing VR Support in SDL

Choosing a VR SDK

SDL Initialization for VR

Rendering for VR

Input and Interaction

Conclusion

Section 8.3: Designing for VR: Best Practices

1. User Comfort and Motion Sickness

2. Frame Rate and Performance

3. VR Input Interaction

4. Comfort Options

5. User Interface (UI) in VR

6. Testing and Feedback

7. Accessibility and Inclusivity

8. Performance Profiling

9. User Education

10. User Safety

Section 8.4: AR Gaming Experiences with SDL

1. Marker-Based AR

2. Mobile Integration

3. Interactive Gameplay

4. Environmental Awareness

5. Visual Feedback

6. Multiplayer AR

7. Calibration and Initialization

8. Testing and Optimization

9. Safety and User Awareness

Section 8.5: Overcoming Challenges in VR/AR Development

1. Hardware Limitations

2. Motion Sickness

3. User Interface (UI) Design

4. Content Creation

5. User Interaction

6. Content Discovery and Distribution

7. Testing and QA

8. Privacy and Data Security

9. Content Regulations

Chapter 9: Custom Tools and Editors

Section 9.1: Building Level Editors with SDL

Why Build a Custom Level Editor?

Building a Basic Level Editor with SDL

Section 9.2: Scripting Engines and Modding Support

The Importance of Scripting Engines

Integrating Scripting Engines with SDL

Benefits of Modding Support

Section 9.3: Custom UI Tools for Game Development

The Importance of Custom UI Tools

Building Custom UI Tools with SDL

Benefits of Custom UI Tools

Section 9.4: Automating Game Asset Creation

The Importance of Automation

Types of Asset Automation

Custom Automation Scripts

Section 9.5: Integrating with External Software Tools

The Value of External Tools Integration

Common Types of External Tools

Integration Techniques

Chapter 10: Advanced Shader Programming

Section 10.1: Writing Custom Shaders

Understanding Shaders

Shader Languages

Writing a Basic Shader

Shader Variables and Inputs

Shader Complexity

Shader Debugging

Section 10.2: Shader-Based Visual Effects

Understanding Shader-Based Visual Effects

Implementing Shader-Based Visual Effects

Example: Bloom Effect

Shader-Based Visual Effects in Game Development

Section 10.3: Optimizing Shader Performance

Profiling and Identifying Bottlenecks

Reduce Shader Instructions

Use Shader LOD (Level of Detail)

Batch Rendering

GPU Culling

Minimize Texture Memory Usage

Shader Compilation and Caching

Section 10.4: Exploring Shader-Based Rendering Techniques

Deferred Rendering

Screen-Space Reflections (SSR)

Ambient Occlusion (AO)

Volumetric Lighting

Post-Processing Effects

Water Rendering

Cartoon and Toon Shading

Parallax Mapping

Shader Effects and Particles

Section 10.5: Advanced Lighting Models in Shaders

Physically Based Rendering (PBR)

Image-Based Lighting (IBL)

Subsurface Scattering (SSS)

Anisotropic Shading

Realistic Shadows

Screen-Space Reflections (SSR) Improvements

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Rendering

Global Illumination (GI) Techniques

Material Layering

Artistic Stylization

Chapter 11: Cross-Platform Development Strategies

Section 11.1: Designing Games for Multiple Platforms

The Importance of Cross-Platform Development

Choosing the Right Game Engine

Platform-Specific Considerations

Input Handling and Controls

Testing and Quality Assurance

Deployment and Distribution

Conclusion
Section 11.2: Platform-Specific Optimizations

Understanding Platform Differences

PC Optimization

Mobile Optimization

Console Optimization

Conclusion

Section 11.3: Handling Different Input Methods

Input Abstraction Layers

Control Scheme Customization

Testing and User Feedback

Section 11.4: Managing Platform-Specific Features

Identifying Platform-Specific Features

Code Abstraction and Conditional Compilation

Runtime Feature Detection

User Experience Considerations

Testing and Quality Assurance

Section 11.5: Distribution and Deployment Across Platforms

1. Platform-Specific Stores and Markets

2. Compliance and Guidelines

3. Build Configuration

4. Testing on Real Devices and Emulators

5. Store Assets and Metadata

6. Monetization Strategies

7. Localization

8. Updates and Maintenance

9. Cross-Platform Play and Progression

10. Promotion and Marketing

11. Monitoring and Analytics

12. Legal and Business Considerations

Chapter 12: Enhancing Gameplay Experience

Section 12.1: Dynamic Storytelling Techniques

Section 12.2: Creating Immersive Game Worlds

Environmental Design

World Building

Interactive Elements

Audio and Music

Exploration and Discovery

Playtesting and Iteration

Section 12.3: Psychology of Game Design

Player Motivation

Reward Systems
Flow State

Cognitive Load

Emotions and Immersion

Section 12.4: Reward Systems and Player Motivation

Types of Rewards

The Psychology of Rewards

Balancing Rewards

Section 12.5: Balancing Gameplay for Varied Player Skills

Player Skill Segmentation

Dynamic Adjustments

Playtesting and Feedback

Metrics and Analytics

Iteration and Updates

Player Choice
Chapter 13: Advanced Networking and Social Features

Section 13.1: Implementing Social Media Integration

Why Social Media Integration?

Key Social Media Integration Features

Technical Implementation

Privacy and Permissions

Testing and Optimization

Section 13.2: Creating Shared Gaming Experiences

Why Shared Gaming Experiences?

Implementing Shared Gaming Experiences

Technical Considerations

Balancing Shared and Solo Play

Section 13.3: Developing Asynchronous Multiplayer Games

Understanding Asynchronous Multiplayer

Benefits of Asynchronous Multiplayer

Creating Asynchronous Multiplayer Experiences

Technical Considerations

Examples of Asynchronous Multiplayer Games

Section 13.4: Implementing In-Game Chat and Messaging

The Importance of In-Game Chat and Messaging

Designing the Chat System

Technical Implementation

Embracing Moderation

In-Game Chat as a Social Hub

Section 13.5: Building a Game Community Platform

The Significance of Game Communities

Elements of a Successful Game Community Platform

Building and Maintaining a Game Community Platform

Chapter 14: Scalable Game Architecture

Section 14.1: Design Patterns for Game Development

1. Singleton Pattern

2. Observer Pattern

3. Factory Method Pattern

4. State Pattern

Section 14.2: Managing Large Codebases

1. Modularization

2. Code Documentation

3. Version Control

4. Code Reviews

5. Automated Testing
6. Continuous Integration

Section 14.3: Scalability in Game Design

1. Resolution Independence

2. Performance Optimization

3. Input and Control Options

4. Cross-Platform Compatibility

5. Dynamic Content Loading

6. Network Scalability

Section 14.4: Efficient Resource Management

1. Resource Compression

2. Texture Atlases

3. Streaming and Loading Screens

4. Memory Pools

5. Resource Streaming and Unloading

6. Asset Bundles

Section 14.5: Preparing for Future Expansion

1. Modular Code Architecture

2. Version Control

3. Extensible Game Engines and Frameworks

4. Regular Updates and Patches

5. Community Engagement

6. Monetization and Sustainability

7. Compatibility and Portability

Chapter 15: Monetization and Business Strategies

Section 15.1: Monetization Models in Gaming

1. Free-to-Play (F2P)

2. Premium Games
3. Freemium

4. Subscription-Based

5. Advertisements

6. In-App Purchases (IAPs)

7. Crowdfunding

8. Donations

9. Sponsorships and Partnerships

10. Data Monetization

Section 15.2: Implementing In-App Purchases

1. Platform-Specific Integration

2. Product Definitions

3. User Interface

4. Handle Purchase Flow

5. Receipt Verification
6. Restore Purchases

7. Testing and Debugging

8. Compliance with Guidelines

Section 15.3: Advertising Strategies for Games

1. Types of Ads

2. Ad Mediation

3. Frequency and Placement

4. Targeted Advertising

5. Ad-Free Options

6. A/B Testing

7. Ad Revenue Models

8. Ad Placement Testing

9. Ad Design and Creatives

10. User Consent and Privacy

11. Ad Monetization Strategy

12. Ad Reporting and Analytics

Section 15.4: Building and Maintaining a Player Base

1. Player Acquisition

2. Player Engagement

3. Monetization Strategies

4. Player Retention

5. Analyze Player Data

6. Player Feedback

7. Community Management

Section 15.5: Analyzing Market Trends and Player Data

1. Data Collection and Storage

2. Data Analysis Tools

3. Player Segmentation

4. A/B Testing

5. Predictive Analytics

6. Privacy and Data Security

7. Continuous Improvement

Chapter 16: Advanced User Interface Design

Section 16.1: Creating Custom UI Components

Understanding Custom UI Components

SDL and Custom UI Components

Creating Custom Buttons

Section 16.2: Dynamic UI Adaptation and Scalability

Challenges in UI Adaptation

SDL and Dynamic UI Adaptation

Responsive UI Design

Aspect Ratio Preservation

Testing on Multiple Devices

Section 16.3: Enhancing User Experience with Animations

Why Use Animations in UI?

SDL and Animation Basics

Creating Simple UI Animations

User-Centric Animations

Section 16.4: Accessibility and Inclusivity in UI Design

Why Accessibility Matters

Implementing Accessibility in SDL UI

SDL and Accessibility

Section 16.5: UI Prototyping and User Testing

The Significance of UI Prototyping

Steps in UI Prototyping

Implementing UI Prototyping in SDL

User Testing in SDL

Chapter 17: Localization and Internationalization

Section 17.1: Preparing Your Game for Global Audiences

1. Cultural Sensitivity

2. Multilingual Support

3. Text Handling

4. Audio Localization

5. Time and Date Formats

6. User Interface (UI) Localization

7. Testing and Feedback

8. Legal and Compliance

Section 17.2: Localization Best Practices

1. Contextual Translation

2. Consistency

3. Expandable User Interface (UI)

4. Pluralization and Gender Neutrality

5. Date and Time Formatting

6. Keyboard and Input Method Support

7. Quality Assurance (QA) Testing

8. Updates and Post-Launch Support

Section 17.3: Cultural Sensitivity in Game Design

1. Research and Understand Cultures

2. Consult Cultural Experts

3. Avoid Cultural Appropriation

4. Localization with Cultural Context

5. Avoid Religious and Political Controversy

6. Diverse Character Representation

7. Testing and Feedback

8. Inclusivity and Accessibility

9. Post-Launch Responsiveness

10. Promote Positive Cultural Exchange

Section 17.4: Managing Multilingual Content

1. Plan for Localization Early

2. Unicode and Character Encoding

3. Separate Text from Code

4. Translation Tools and Services

5. Cultural Sensitivity in Translation

6. Test with Native Speakers

7. Expandable User Interfaces

8. Text Overflow Handling

9. RTL Languages

10. Font Considerations

11. Localized Assets

12. Localized Marketing

13. Update and Maintenance

14. Localization Testing

15. Legal Considerations

Section 17.5: Testing for Localization Issues

1. Localization Test Plan

2. Functional Testing

3. Text Verification

4. Language Selection
5. Special Characters and Fonts

6. Text Expansion and Contraction

7. Right-to-Left (RTL) Languages

8. Numerical and Date Formats

9. Voiceovers and Subtitles

10. Cultural Sensitivity

11. Consistency

12. Testing with Native Speakers

13. Compatibility and Platform Testing

14. Bug Tracking and Reporting

15. Regression Testing

16. Post-Launch Monitoring

17. Accessibility Testing

Another random document with
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His, &c. ngiah bin ikah itih pun ero laket
We (_inclusive or telut itam ta
absolute_)
Our (_inclusive_) telut bin itam pun ta laket
We (_exclusive or kami kami kai
relative_)
Our (_exclusive_) kami pat kami pun kai laket
You ikah ikah
Your ikah bin
They sepat
Their sepat bin
This īh ini muto
That idun inéh mona
Which han inoh
Who iya saih inoh ik hi
What wanau inoh hawa
Food kūn kanih ñgoku
Rice boiled naseh kanan asi
(_nasi_)
Sugar gula jatan
Oil nīūh telang, usun nio
Milk soh u
Flesh sin nahang oi
Boil isak, midah taring
Broil sirai, bahang sehe aling
Salt siah niah ijo
Clothes asak, sungup davan oñgup
Earring tading isan subang
Chawat bai bah bai
House lebūh umah lau labu
Wood kayo kayoh
Posts dirih jeheh patun
Door abusukud bataman kobuko
Ladder tagá sahn ojan
Bed kadau tudūi ideh tilong lakid maturui
Mat jalī brat jálí
Box kaban peteh
Road arū, sawah ulan anun
Bridge jaman palang ojan
Bow
Arrow
Spear bakit bakir bañgoñg
Sword pedang pedang
 Chopping knife tui, barogah malat butut, garoja
Boat tamui
Canoe tūnan, salūi arok alui
Spirit taū toh otu
Man tulai, tanawan lakeh ale
Woman marau doh oro
Husband lai, sawah lakeh doh alé
Wife maraū doh dah oro
Father ama’ ameh aman
Mother ina’ indeh inan
Grandfather ipo’, akeh ukuh aki
Child ugut apang
Son anak lai anak lakeh anak alé
Daughter anak marau anak doh anak oro
Brother janak lai, tatat lai aren lakeh naken alé
Sister janak marau, tatat aren dob naken oro
marau
Old lake’ dab muku toké
Young jemanak dah niam iyong
Boy jemanak lai makeh iyong isi
Girl jemanak lūas or nyen doh iyong oro
marau

I must draw attention to the letter represented by ng in English. In

pronouncing the words in these vocabularies, it must be
remembered that, whether marked or not, the Malay letter has the
sound of the ng in “singing,” and that the g must not be pronounced
with the following syllable.
 APPENDIX D.

Languages of Northern Borneo.

—— IDA’AN. BISAYA. ADANG

(MURUT).
Numerals:—
One iso, san sabulang
Two duo dua
Three telo telo
Four apat ampat
Five limo lima
Six anam anam
Seven turo turo
Eight walo walu
Nine siam ewa
Ten opod pulo
Eleven opod dam iso pelud cha
Twenty duo nopod pelud dua
A hundred atus, san atus

Day adau, tadau adau chaw

Night sedap mentiong potong rachăm
Morning suab nakapia bukatadau kamuka
Evening tawañg-an
Yesterday kăniab kiniab seladi
To-morrow suab suab napā
Day after do. suab dina
Light okalub miang machang
Name naran
Use guno (muni)
The same bagal
Food takanan akanakan
Rice ogas, wagas nubur (nasi)
Kaladi gual
Yam kaso
Kribang wei
Fowl manok lahal
A cock piak
Salt silan uson
Plaintain punti ba’ong
Cocoa-nut piasau bua butan
Flesh ansi ansi wang
Fat lambon, lunak lunok lumo’
Tobacco sigup
Fish sada sada lawid
Arrack tuak bahar
talak tinamul
Padi parei parei pade’
Milk gatas
Oil umau umau
Water waig aig pa
Fire apui apui apui
Smoke lisun lisun rapun
Ashes ahun a’u
Egg antalun lampuni
Price arga
Charcoal tahun
Tree guas, puhn kaya puhn pohun
Branch rahan
Leaf rahun daun daun
Flower usak usak usak
Bark kulit
Root gamut amut war
Gutta pulut
Fruit uah buah buah
Seed linso umi ilong
Plants tanaman
Pitcher do. kaku anga
Rattan tuei
Bambu ragup
“Batang” trunk wabañgan
Moss rañgilut
Thorn rugi
Pinang lakang
Young do. lugus
Country pagun pagun bawang
Earth tanah tanah tanah
Stone watu batu batu
River bawang bawang pa
Mountain bukid bukid turud dita
Valley parong aroi
Cave luang luang lobang
Plain kapayan gana balad
Sea rahat laut pa nawap
Island pulau pulau penulong
Wind ibut loñgos bario
Storm tañgus
Rainbow meluntong melintong takang
Rain rasam rasam mudan
Lightning kadumaat kaduma’at, lalam
longganit
Thunder garut sengkarut, lalam lugo
Sun matadau mata-adau chaw
Sand oggis
Moon ulan bulan bulan
Stars rambituan bintang gatuan
Road ralan
Forest talunan
Lake ranau
Deer tambang tambang priau
Bear buhuang
Horse kuda
Buffalo karbau
Cow cattle sapi
Goat kambing
Dog asu asu okaw
Hog bakas bau-hi barak
Wild hog ramo baka’
Cat tuñg-au using kuching
Monkey kara kara koyad
Rat ikus tikus
Snake lanut lanut mampa’
Butterfly galamambang kalabang berăpang
Beetle anggiloung
Domestic bee kalulut
Bee tañgiñgat mutit sikan
Mosquito sisit kalias tokong
Sandfly ritak
Ant kilau kilau dra
Horn sungu nga
Hair ulu
Tail tiku iku iyor
Feather alad
Egg antalu lampuni
Honey paha leng duro
Wings tulut alan ilad
Half siñggaran
Trade bilian
A “dustar” sigar
House lamin, walei alei
Wood seduan
Posts trigi rigi
“Ataps” (mats) tahap
Door sesuanan kārbon
Ladder tukat tukad
Window tatiga-an
Fireplace dapu-an
Bed (sleeping tikam modop lubok
mat)
Mat tikam ikam
“Priok” pot kuran
Hut sulap
A measure tuñgap
Pillow roei
White man kambura
Man kadayan mianei
People suang
A man kusei, ngulun mianei
Woman tandu kimo
Husband kusei ano’
Wife sawa, sau sau-o
Father ama yama
Mother ina indu
Grandfather adu aki yaki
Grandmother adu
Child anak
Virgin samandak
Kiss siñgud narokadong
Cloth umut
“Chawat” santut sirot
Spear andus bangkau
“Parang” dañgol madi
Knife peis
Shield taming
Sword pedang
A spirit ragun lematei
Iron besi
Brass wire saring
“Bidang” ganap
Earring anting anting
Needle dalat
Jacket rasuk-garong
Sheet ramut
Body inan inan burur
Head ulu ulu ulu
Hair tabuk abuk bok
Face turas rabas monong
Ear teliñgo teliñgo
Eye mato mato
Eyebrow kirei
Nose tadong adong
Mouth kabang kabañg tang
Lip munong
Tooth nipun ipun lipan
Tongue lelah lelah lebah
Cheek piñgas ilan piñg-it
Neck lio
Shoulder liawa
Armpit pakilok
Hand palad loñg-on tichu, palad
Finger tentuduk buatichu
Thumb malahing indu loñgon tuju tapo
Nail sandulu siñg-ilu selon
Breasts susu
Belly tenai tenai batak
Navel pusat
“Kamaluan” m tali
“Kamaluan” f tato tata’
Thigh paw
Knee atud
Calf dakud
Foot lapak atis palad kukud
Bone tulang
Blood raha ra
Flesh ansi ng’giri wang
Fat lambon lunok lumo
Skin kulit kubil
Saliva luja jimpi aka
Sweat tumus umos pana
Elbow siku
Fathom dapo
String, &c. toggis
To roll up lapiau
Cover, lid sompon
Thief penakau
Good rañggoi munsi
Bad arahat rat
Right rañggoi, ingka bunoi
Wrong sala’
Tall kawas
Long naro auad rawir
Short sariba riba benua
Sweet momis mamis
Nice wasi
Bitter pait pait
Sharp taram
Blunt amo, katagu
Old (tuah) lai-ing (lai-ag?) kako
Young mulok tari
Old (lama) laid, kilo laid, matuo maun
New wago ago baro
Hot lasu lasu
Cold sagid sagit tenab
Wet eiapas masah bah
Dry magintu kala’ takaring
True ranggoi bunor
False udut bawa
Ugly arahat rat
Pretty osonang monsei
Large gaio, kagaio gaio raya
Small koré diok madi
Heavy magat, bagat magat brat
[wagat, ogat
Light gan gan rahan
All timong sañgai abiabi
Many gamo, sapo suang mulamula
Few koré-koré diok sesut
Like bagal (“mirad”) sama paras pahad lea
Different suei
Slow boei boei dadan
Rapid gompas deros mauwar
Heavy as rain gompas
Thirsty tuhan kalalio
Hungry losun mitil
Striking buntong
Sick sagid duol
Dead matei matei
Sorry susah gagau
Angry magulau siau
Straight tulid tulid sŭn
Crooked brakilong belengkok kelo’
Square apat, persagi ampat pensagi lepingpat
Round urud taburor
Broad kalab lebah raya
Thick kapah kapah kapal
Thin mipis nipis nipi
Shallow tutun
Deep ralam lalum
Black eitom hitom mitam
White purak purak buda
Red ragang ragang sia
Yellow silau chilau berar
Sore owal
Raw matah’ matah matah
Ripe mansak mansak lak
Dirty amut
Clean aro’k
Hard kadau kodau tua
Soft lumi lembut leia
Enough ganap
“Korang” wanting amo, karuñgut
Pregnant betian
Slippery lamau, lamo
Clever tutun
Quick jajaran
Right ganan
Left gibang
Rough sanilu
Bold and brave siau
I or we yeho, yai dugu jami
You dia ikan
He or they idia iyo
Who sei iseo
What nono a’an
This iti tio
That ina sulo
Here diti ditio dini
There ilo, dilo sulu dŭng-a
Where nambo domboi dapei-a
Far sadu sado madi
Near sămak, sămok somok monăng
Without saribau ribau lemela’
Within saralam selalam metakap
Above kawas ribau duñgeilun
Below sariba sua meilena
Behind likud likud katad
Before dibrus derabas lepa monong
Between palatan rang
To ka
Previously gahulu
From masunut
Not yet eiso po
Yes aw awe
No eiso ŭnjob
Now kirakira kila năpŭ
When sañgira memburo idan
Afterwards turi, tahuri turi muchi
In this way inka’, pinka’
In that way inka-i
How many sangkora, gamo
Presently ruhei
More aro
To eat mengakan
To see magintong lintong
To drink menginum
To laugh magirak girak
To weep miad giad
To kiss maniñgud narokadong
To speak boras betuntut
To be silent mada gorom
To hear makinañgo koroñgo
To lift kakatan teñgañgo
To walk manau manau
To run magidu midu
To stand mindahau kakat
To sit mirikau koko
To climb midakud nakod
To sleep modop modop
To awake tumanag, tuñgag tidong
To recollect insam
To know pandei, mila pandei
To forget aliwan kalamuan
To ask for makiano
To wait magandad ninteo
To come sikei mikot
To go mañgai, pagidu midu
To meet bertemu
To hide lisuk mensusut
To search magi-om yumo
To give noan menak
To bring oito mito
To kill sañgat, meniangat metai-o
To wound suhat
To sow memambri
To plant meñgasuk
To fight meñgulan,
merasang
To trade berdagang
To buy bili
To sell taranan
To cheat menipu
To steal menakau, menikus
To marry menasawa
To bear children berganak
To grow samuni
To shout meniangkis
“Ada” warah
“Habis” awi, ei, nei
To shade osorong
To swim samadoi
To arrive korokod
To wash miñg isu
To bathe madsiu, padsiu
To want saga
Don’t ada
To burn tutud
“He says” kadsio
To play berunsei
To tie kagus
“Gurau” bersibak
“Amput” berkiu
To hug gapus
To lay hold of migit, makahei
To desire saga’
To return sagulei
To take a wife kasawa
„ husband memañgat
High sau-at dita
To strike pudo mapar
To break petul motul
To open bika ngukab
To shut beno nutub
To lift tenañg-o năkang
To throw menokon mapat
To sound katab buri
Darkness potong racham
Green
Iron basi belawan
Hill bukid diok turud, murud
Hurricane tañgus ribut buri mawar
West surapadau
East matadayau
Cloud laput
Noon tampakadau topud chaw
Sky adau
To burn tudo sensuli menunoh
To smoke lisun lisun rapun
Rice agas, wagas agas brah
Pumpkin tawadak belabu
Yam kaso ubi
Mouse ikus labaw
Squirrel niamo
Bird manok suit
Kite kanio kanio
Sparrow pirit pirit
Swallow senkalayang kalua
Crow mangkak brengkak
Cage kuruñgan
Frog sei sit
Crab kuyu kra
Prawn tentudik
Fly pañgat
Spider senkalang
Wax ulih
Thirsty kalalio pring
Hungry mitil lau
Smell kiabau mau
Fragrant munsei
Stinking buntong mutong
Dead matei matei
Answer sumbarau
Pleased nako
Afraid lemakak
Shame mikum
Love ngako
Hate baji
Wish ngako
Right bunor
Find malak
Take lapo
Boil sunsam
Broil sinalau
Earring subang
Road langgaio
Bridge pentaran
Boat padas
Canoe padasdiok
Son mianei
Daughter kimo
Brother sitari
Sister sitari kimo
Girl anak agu
Shallow (as tutun
water)
Tin simara’
Sweet potato wei
Kaladi gual
A cock piak
Ask for makiano
 APPENDIX E.

Though this list was given me by an educated Lanun, I doubt

whether the blanks I have left should be filled up with the Malay
word, as he said, because it is very possible that, as he had had little
intercourse with his countrymen for many years, he may have
forgotten the words.

—— MALAY. LANUN.
Straight lūrūs matidu
Crooked bengkok becōg
Square ampat persagi „
Round bulat „
Long panjang melendu
Broad lebar maulad
Thick tabal makapal
Thin nipis manipis
Deep dalam madalam
High tiñggi mapuro
Short pendek mababa
Without deluar segămau
Within dedalam sisedalam
Light (in weight) riñgan demaugat
Heavy brat maugat
Above de atas sekapruan
Below de bawa sekababa-an
Behind de blakañg selikud
Before de muka sesuñguran
Between antara „
Here sini sika
There sana ruka
Far jauh muatan
Near dekat maubé
Where mana autuna
At de „
To ka a
From deri si
All samoa lañgunyen
Many baniak madākal
Few sedikit meitu
Small kechil meitu
Large besar mala
Like serūpa magīsan
Now sakarañg amei
When bila
Then kamudien maŭri
To-morrow besok amag
Yesterday kulmari dua gua i dĕn
Old lama matei dĕn
New bharu bagu
Slow lambat malūmbat
Rapid laju magā-an
Strike pukul basal
Break pechah maupak
Open buka
Shut tutup
Lift angkat sepūat
Throw lontar pelāntig
Wet basah moasah
Dry kring magañgu
Sound bunyi uni
Light trañg malīwānug
Darkness glap malībutăng
Black hitam māhitam
White putih maputih
Red merah marega
Yellow kuning bināning
Blue biru
Green ijau
Country negri iñgud
Earth tanah lupa
Stone batu watu
Gold mas bulāwan
Silver perak
Iron besi putau
Mountain gunong palau
Valley lembah
Cave guah pasu
Hill bukit gunoñg
Plain padang
Island pulau
Water ayer aig
Sea laut kaludan
River sungei
Air udara
Wind añgin ūndū
Hurricane ribut
North utara
West barat
South salātan
East timor
Cloud awan
Rainbow palañgi datu bagua
Rain ujan
Lightning kilat
Thunder tagar gūntūr
Day hari gau-ī
Night malam magabī
Morning siañg mapīta
Sun matahari
Noon tañgah hari
Sky lañgit
Moon bulan ulan
Star bintang bituan
Hot panas mai-au
Fire api apūī
Burn bakar pegīau (ăngka)
Smoke asap bŭl
Ashes abu
Cocoa-nut kalapa nīūg
Plantain pisang saging
Paddy padi ilau
Rice bras bĕgas
Pumpkin labū
Yam ubi
Seed biji
Tree puhn
Root akar
Leaf daun raun
Flower buñga
Fruit buah
Raw mantah mélau
Ripe masak mialütū
Elephant gajah
Tiger rimau
Deer rusa seladŭng
Bear bruang
Horse kuda
Buffalo karbau
Cow sapi betina sapi babai
Goat kambing
Dog anjing asu
Hog babi babūi
Monkey munyit
Cat kuching bédŏng
Mouse (kechil) tikus ria (maitū)
Rat (besai) tikus dumpau
Squirrel tupei
Bird burong papanok
Domestic fowl ayam
Duck itek
Kite alang
Sparrow pipit papanok
Swallow layang layang lelāyang
Crow gagak
Cage sangkar kuroñgan
Snake ular nipai
Frog katak babak
Fish ikan seda
Crab katam leăgan
Prawn udang
Coral karang buñga
Butterfly kūpū
Bee lebah tabūan
Fly lalat
Mosquito niamok
Louse kuku
Ant semūt
Spider laba laba
Horn tandok
Tail ikur ikug
Feather bulu bumbul
Wings sayap
Egg telur urak
Honey madu
Wax lilin taru
Body badan gināu-a
Head kapala ulu
Hair rambut bok
Face muka biyas
Ear teliñga
Eye mata
Nose idong ngirong
Cheek pipi
Mouth mulut ngari
Lip bibir
Tooth gigi ngipan
Tongue ledah
Hand tañgan lima
Finger jari kamai
Thumb ibu jari
Nail kuku
Belly prūt tian
Foot kaki ay
Bone tulang tulun
Flesh daging sapu
Skin kulit
Fat gumok masăbūa
Lean krus megăsā
Blood dara rugu
Saliva ludah
Sweet peluh ating
Hard (as a stone) kras matagas
Soft lunak melemak
Hot panas mai-aū
Cold sejūk matănggan
Thirsty aus kaur
Hungry lapar megūtan
Sour masam
Sweet manis
Bitter pait
Smell bau
Fragrant harum mapīa bau
Stinking anyir maratai bau
Sick sakit masakit
Dead mati matai
Eat makan kuman
Drink minum
See lihat ilai
Laugh tertawa
Weep tañgis semăgŭd
Kiss chium
Speak kata taroh
Be silent diam gūmănŭg
Hear duñgar makănŭg
Lift angkat sepuat
Walk jalan lumalakan
Run lari melagui
Stand dīri tumatindug
Sit duduk muntud
Climb panjat pamusug
Sleep tidor tūmūrūg
Awake bañgūn
Recollect kanal
Know tau kataūan
Forget lupa kalipatan
Ask preksa
Answer saut sŭmbŭg
Understand mengarti matau
Yes iya
No tidak da
Beautiful elok mapia
Ugly rupa jahat marāta
Pleased suka mesūap
Sorry susah
Afraid takut kaluk
Shame malu kaya
Love kasūka-an masūat
Hate binchi
Anger marah membuñgūt
Wish man kiūgan
Right betul metidū
Wrong salah masalah
Good baik mapīa
Bad jahat marāta
True benar
False dusta būkŭg
Wait nanti gūmaganŭg
Come datang makōma
Go pergi sŭmong
Meet temu
Hide bunyi(s)tapok tapok
Search chari pengileī
Find dapat makūa
Give kasih begai
Take ambil kūa
Bring bawa sepūat
Take away kaluarkan gūmaū
Kill bunoh
I aku sakŭn
Mine aku punia quon sakŭn
Thou angkau sekā
Thine angkau punia quonka
He, she, it diya gīa
His, &c. diya punia quon gīa
We (_inclusive sakŭn
or absolute_)
Our (_inclusive_) quon akŭn
We (_exclusive sakŭn
or relative_)
Our (_exclusive_) quon akŭn
You angkau sekā
Your angkau punia quon kā
They diya gīa
Their diya punia quon gīa
This ini
That itu
Which iang
Who siapa antāwa
What apa antūna
Food makān-an
Rice, boiled nasi băgās
Sugar gula
Oil miniak lanah
Milk susu
Flesh daging sapu
Boil rebus
Broil goring
Salt garam timūs
Clothes pakei-an
Earring krabu
Chawat chawat bilad
House rumah wali
Wood kayu
Posts tiang (rumah)
Door pintu
Ladder tangga
Bed tumpat tidor tūrūgan