Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com LC MARKS: 150 20 pages X@5 TIME: — 3 hoursDownloaded from Stanmorephy HY 2 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1 10. "1 12. 13. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS: SECTION/A: QUESTION}; Climate and Weather (40) QUESTION2: Geomorphology (40) QUESTION: — Settlement Geography (40) SECTION B: QUESTION 4: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30) ‘Answer ALL FOUR questions. Al diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. Draw fully-labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. ‘Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or lst. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g., 1020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m. You may use a non-programmable calculator. You may use a magnifying glass. Write neatly and legibly. ‘SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. 15. 16. ‘A1 : 50 000 topographic map 2820 CB Augrabies and a 1 : 10 090 orthophoto map 3025AD 01 are provided, ‘Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this. You must hand in the topographic and the orthophoto maps back to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. ft ‘carmamometDownloaded from Stanmorep! HY 3 SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 1: ‘TE AND WEATHER sa 4.1. Refer to the Hiagram below which depicts a valley in the Southern Hemisphere. Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A Write only the letter (X or Y) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.6 X. ‘Sinking cooler air traps warmer air [Source: https://online.htseden.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Geography- Grade-12-Term-1-Week-4_2021-1.paf] COLUMN A COLUMN B 11.1] The area marked Dis the ... X | thermal belt Y _| layer of fog 1.4.2 | The ... slope is coolerin this valley. |X | north-facing slope Y_| south-facing slope 1.1.3 | The wind blowing at E generally X | day aa ‘occurs during the .. Y_| night 7 pm 1.1.4 | The temperature at D is higher X | temperature ihversion because of ... Y_| anabatic winds: 1.1.5 | Frost pockets develop on the... of | |X | floor the valley Y_| slopes x1) (5) AK ccrremoner Please turn overDownloaded from Stanmorephy HY 1.2. Refer to the isotherm map below of an urban area showing the pattern of temperature during calm atmospheric conditions. Choose the correct letter (Aor B) from FIGURE 1.2 to make the statement true. ‘Minimum temperature (°C) Open country River Thames [Source: httpsiiwww .coolgeography.co.uk/A-level/AQA/Year%420131 ‘Weather’%20and%20climate/Microclimates/Urban_climates.htm] 1.2.1 Air temperature is highest at (A/B). 1.2.2 Area (AIB) has more artificial surfaces. 1.2.3. The city centre is at (A/B) 1.2.4 Cloud cover is higher (more) at (A/B).. 1.2.5 The River Thames has a cooling effect on (A/B). (6x1) (5)Downloaded from Stanmorephy HY 5 1.3. Refer to the infographic below showing information on Tropical Cyclone Freddy. moze te Pt caccae ra canoe a a ceoge 0600 GMT a ttps:liphys.orginews/2023-02-cyclone freddy-mozambique- madagascar.html] ‘CYCLONE FREDDY ONE of the longest-lasting weather systems in the southern hemisphere, ex-tropical cyclone Freddy, is expected to bring heavy rain and a risk of flooding to Madagascar’s western and southern parts from tomorrow (Friday) evening. Freddy weakened from an intense category 4 equivalent into a :TIwwerw ne ws24,cominews247 africainewsideath-toll-from-cyclono- freddys-return-rises-to-8-in-madagascar- category 3 cyclone ahead of landfall on the eastern Malagasy coast near the town of Mananjary 120230307] during the evening of 21 February, with sustained wind speeds of 150, km/h. All eyes are once again on Freddy, currently classified as a tropical depression, as the system is expected to re-intensify in the Mozambique Channel [Source: adapted from OGHA SOUTHERN ‘AFRICA: Tropical Cyclone Freddy Flash Update No, 4.04 March 2023] 1.3.1. With reference to the infographic, identify the general direction in which Cyclone Freddy is moving, (1x1) (4) 1.3.2. Account for the movement mentioned in QUESTION 1.3.1 (1x2) (2) AOR ‘carmamometDownloaded from Stanmorephy HY 6 133 134 135 Give evidence from the infographic that Cyclone Freddy was accompanied by hurricane force winds. (1x2) (2) ‘Acob#ing to the infographic the system is re-intensifying (getting strofiger) in the Mozambique Channel. Explain why the weather system wil ¢éintensify in the Mozambique channel. (2x2) (4) ‘Tropical cyclones can develop very quickly, therefore a reliable early warning system is important. Suggest THREE early warning systems that the governments of Mozambique and Madagascar could have introduced to reduce the impact of Cyclone Freddy. (x2) (6) 1.4 Refer to the FIGURE below depicting the formation of line thunderstorms. 144 142 143 144 14.5 [Source: Adapted from: https:/llearn.mindset.africa/sitesidefaultifiles/ ‘resourcelib/omshare-show-note-asset/859_fdoc. pdf] Name a characteristic of the air at A. (1x1) (1) Name a characteristic of the air at B. (x1) (1) Describe how the air at A and at B contributed to the formation of the line atc. (2x2) (4) Which side (east/west) of the line at C will there be cloud formation? (1x4) (4) Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the Hegative impact of the line thunderstorm on the environment of the eastem half of South Africa (4x2) (8) [40]Downloaded from Stanmorep! HY 7 QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the illustration in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (X or Y),;next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.60. ne 2 iy COLUMN A COLUMN B ‘Cross profile of a river Longitudinal profile of a river Waterfall Rapids Turbulent river flow Laminar river flow Braided stream Delta Graded river profile Ungraded river/profile (5x1) (5) turn overDownloaded from Stanmorep! HY 7 2.2 Refer to the FIGURE below illustrating fluvial landforms of a river. Match the description with A—E on the diagram. Write down only the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.5) and the answer in your ANSWER BOOK. E.g., 2.2.6 F /- Estuary 4 0 ee em Channel [Sources https:/otusarise.com/iuvial-landforms-upsel] 2.2.4 The origin of the river 222 Cutoff meander loop filled with water 2.23. Adistinct curve or loop in the course of the river channel 2.2.4 The branch of the main river 2.2.5 Depositional feature close to the mouth of the river (6x1) (5) 2.3. Refer to the FIGURE below which shows river capture. Before river capture After river capture [Source: hittps:7iwww.awsumnows.co.zalwp-contontuploads/2020/017 GEOGRAPHY-P1-GR12-ANNEX-SEPT2017_English.pdf] 2.3.1 Define the term river capture. (1x2) (2) 2.3.2. Identify the drainage basin feature labelled C. (1x1) (1) SDR verve Please turn over23.3 234 2.3.5 23.6 244 24.2 243 244 245 Downloaded from Stanmorephy HY ° GEES Identify the type of erosion taking place at B. (1x1) (1) Name (3x1) (3) Dischs$ ONE possible climatological reason why river capture has taken lags (1x2) @) Discuss the impact of river capture on the flow characteristics of the stream labelled E. (x2) @) 2.4 Study the FIGURE below showing river rejuvenation. Figure A: Before rejuvenation Source: https:/iwww.studyclix.iefleaving-certificate/geography/higher! rivers/study-this-topic] Define the term river rejuvenation. (1x2) (2) Name the fluvial landforms at A and B. (2x1) (2) Feature D in FIGURE B indicates rejuvenation. Name feature D. (1x1) (1) Give TWO reasons for rejuvenation. (2x2) (4) Explain how rejuvenation will affect the flow of the river downstream. } (3x2) (6) paaay [40] s iDownloaded from Stanmorephy HY 0 QUESTION 3: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY 3.1. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the‘afiswer and write only the letter (A — D) next to the question numbers (3.1.1 to 3/4-5)in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g., 3.1.6 A. is the actual place/piece of land on which a settlement is built. A site B situation C dry point settlement D wet point settlement 3.1.2 A... settlement is where water is the determining factor when choosing a site as it is located in a dry area, e.g., spring, oasis. A dry point B wet point C nucleated D dispersed 3.1.3 The sketch below refers to a ... settlement. Key: ete Wl - Dwellings A round B linear C straight D semicircularDownloaded from Stanmorephy HY a4 3.1.4 The disadvantages of the rural settlement pattern below are e Key: @ — Dwellings (i) that farmers cannot rely on the community for any help (ii) that it requires a large amount of capital to maintain the farming practices (ii) that people feel safer (iv) the sharing of farming implements A (iyand (ii) B (ii) and (iv) C (ijand (iv) D (and (i) 3.1.5 The situation of a settlement can be influenced by ... (i) transport routes (li) aspect (iil) availability of water (iv) grazing land A (iyand (ii) B (ii) and (iv) C (ijand (iv) D (and (ii) (6x1) (5)Downloaded from Stanmorephy HY 12 3.2. Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the concept in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (X or Y) next to the question numbers (3.2.1 to 3.2.5) in the ANSWER IK, for example 3.2.6 X. (COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.2.1 Level of urbanisation x Percentage of the number of people living in urban areas Increase in the number of people living in urban areas 3.2.2 Urban sprawl The physical expansion of an urban area The formless expansion of an urban area 3.2.3 Central Places =< »™| \ (xt) (1)Downloaded from Stanmorephy HY ” 4.2.4 Refer to the fluvial landform found between blocks B1 and C3 on the orthophoto map. (2) Séentity this fuvial landform. (xt) (1) (b};-Bescribe the slopes of this landform (answer to QUESTION 4.2.4(a)) “ty referring to evidence on the orthophoto map. (1x2) 2) (c) Will the Augrabies Waterfall at 9, retreat in a south easterly or north westerly direction? Give a reason for your choice. (#1) (2) 4.2.5 Refer to the settlement at H on the topographic map. (a) _ Identify the pattern of the settlement at H (xt) (1) (b) Whats the shape of this settlement at H? (1x1) (1) ()_ Explain ONE factor that influenced the pattern of this settlement at H. (1x2) (2) 4.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 4.3.1 The data layers found in block A4 on the orthophoto map are ... () drainage. (ii) infrastructure (iil) reliefitopography. (iv) transport Choose the correct combination. A (iyand (ii) B (i) and (ii) Cc (il) and (iv) D (iyand (ii) (1x1) (1)Downloaded from StanmorephyRGeSGRRPHY | > | 43.2 433 434 435 Refer to the sketch illustrating a GIS process. Datajsources THEMES Scale: 1: 10 000 aS Scale:4 : 60 000 Housing date > <= oa ee ‘Scale: 4:25 000 30 000 [Source: https://www.google.comisearch?qgisrlz=1C1GCEU] (a) Name the GIS process illustrated by A. () Explain the GIS process named in QUESTION 4.3.2(a). Name the polygon feature in block E2 on the topographic map. (x1) (1x2) (1x1) Is the polygon feature named in QUESTION 4.3.3, raster or vector data? ‘Comment on the importance of the polygon feature (named in (1x1) QUESTION 4.3.3) for the residents of the Brabeesmond settlement. (1x2) TOTAL SECTION B: SOR commer TOTAL (1) (2) [30] 30 150Downloaded from Stanmorephysics.com 5 GAUTENG PROVINCE JUNE EXAMINATION GRADE 12 2023 MARKING GUIDELINES | GEOGRAPHY | 14 pagesDownloaded from Stani y PRINCIPLES FOR THE MARKING OF GEOGRAPHY — 2023 The following marking principles are developed to standardise the marking processes. MARKING ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether itis correct or incorrect. + Where the inaximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an M over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved * Aclear, neat tick must be used: 7 0 IfONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ¥ 0 If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: v¥ © The tick must be placed at the FACT for which a mark is being allocated, © Ticks must be kept SMALL as various layers of moderation may take place. * Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: X. © Use MORE than one cross across paragraphidiscussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered. © Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer. 0 Do NOT underline the incorrect facts. NOTE THE FOLLOWING If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed correctly candidates can be credited. * Spelling errors, if word is recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer which may be stated in a different way. In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer — award marks, TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS * Each sub-question must be totalled. 0 Section A has four sub-sections, therefore four sub-totals are required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. © Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the subsection and underlined. © Sub-totals must be written legibly. © Leave space to write in moderated marks on different levels. ‘Total sub-totals and transfer totals to the top left hand margin nextto the question. number. ‘* Transfer the total to the cover of the answer book.Downloaded from Stani y MODERATION Marking on each-ke All guidelines for: fel of moderation is done in the same way as the initial marking, rking must be adhered to. Ifa mark for a Bigpueston is changed after moderation, the moderator must strike through the markef's mark and write down the new mark: 16 The total for the question must be re-calculated, and then struck off and the new total to be written down: 36 EXAMPLE: QUESTION 4 41.4 1.4.1. A (South Atlantic High) ¥ 1.4.2 B (Kalahari High) “ 1.1.3 B (South Indian) X 1.2. 1.2.1 Melting snow ¥ 1.2.2. Mouth X 1.2.3 Third order ¥ 1.3. 1.3.1 Katabatic X 1.3.2. 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night vv 1.3.3 Cold air rolls down vvinto the valley and forms an inversion. Air flows downslope vv 1.4 1.4.1 Shape of front concave X Steep gradient of front ¥ 1.4.2. Warm air undercuts the cold air X 1.43. Airbehind the cold front vv is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than ¥ v the warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm front. $QB corinne 3Downloaded from Stani y 4.5 1.5.1 (a) Ariver that only flows all year-round X (b) The river channel is wide X (c) Regularity ¥v of rainfall and the ¥vsoil type over which the reams flow. 1.5.2 Gauléng v and the Eastern Cape X 1.5.3. The cost of food production will increase at itis costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicals ¥ vo purify water. Chemicals cost a lot, and this will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydroelectricity.SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION 1: 1.4 44.1 XiFhermal Belt (1) 1.1.2 ¥=South facing slope (1) 1.4.3 ¥— Night (1) 1.4.4 X— Temperature Inversion (1) 14.5 X= floor (1) (6x1) (5) 1.2 1.21 A(t) 1.22 A(t) 123 A(t) 1.24 A(t) 125 A(1) (5x1) (5) 1.3. 1.3.1. With reference to the infographic, identify the general direction in which Cyclone Freddy is moving East to West/Westwards (1) Westerly (xt) (1) 1.3.2. Account for the movement mentioned in QUESTION 1.3.1 The cyclone moves under the influence of the Tropical Easterlies / trade winds. (2) (1x2) (2) 1.3.3 Give evidence from the infographic that Cyclone Freddy was accompanied by hurricane force winds. The trees in the picture are being blown by the wind. (2) Boats have been washed ashore. (in picture) (2) Intense category 4 Wind speeds of 150km per hour [Any ONE] (1x2) (2)4.3.4 According to the infographic the system is re-intensifying (getting stronger) in the Mozambique Channel. Explain why the weather system willze-intensify in the Mozambique channel. The'¢limatic conditions in the Mozambique channel favour regeneration of the cyclone: 1. Warm air - flowing off the Warm Mozambique Current - causes air to rise (2) / Strong convectional currents 2. Combined with the moisture (evaporation) — latent heat is provided during condensation (2)/ higher temperature - more evaporation - more latent heat 3. Less friction - results in stronger winds (2) (2x2) (4) (any TWO) 1.3.5 Tropical cyclones can develop very quickly, therefore a reliable early warning system is important, Suggest THREE early warming systems that the governments of Mozambique and Madagascar could have introduced to reduce the impact of Cyclone Freddy. Mass notification systems (Radio, television, WhatsAPP, SMS information flyers, newspapers) (accept examples) (2) Public announcements using loud speakers (2) Sirens along the coastal towns (2) Monitoring and tracking of weather systems (example - using satellite) (2) Educating public on different types of early warning systems (2) [Any THREE] - accept other reasonable responses (3x2) (6) 1.4 1.44 Name a characteristic of the air at A. Warm moist air (1) (1x1) (1) 1.4.2. Name a characteristic of the air at B. Cold dry air (1) (1x1) (1) 1.43 Describe how the air at A and at B contributed to the formation of the line at C. Cold, dry ( south westerly) winds meet warm moist; air, (north east) (2) Cold air undercuts warm air - warm air rises forming Moisture boundary (2) (2x2) (4) 1.4.4 Which side (east/west) of the line at C will there be cloud formation? East (1) (xt) (1)1.45 Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the negative impact of the line thunderstorm on the environment of the eastern half of South Africa, \Valtiable nutrients in the soil are washed away (2) Soil‘hutrients leach lower down into the soil profile making soil Ipss fertile (2) Ecosystems/food chains are destroyed (2) Decrease in biodiversity (2) Aesthetic beauty diminished (2) Vegetation flooded / flooding (2) Wildlife drowns / (Loss of life) (2) Infrastructure (accept examples) - will be damaged Wildfires (electric storms) (2) Mudslides (2) Hail damage (2) [Any FOUR] - accept other reasonable answers (4x2) : @ 21 244 X(1) cross profile of a river 2412 (1) rapids 243° ¥(1) Laminar flow 241.4 (1) Braided stream 2.1.5 Y(1) Ungraded river profile (5x1) (5) 22 224 A- Source (1) 2.2.2 D- Ox bow lake (1) 2.23 E-Meander (1)/B 22.4 B- Tributary (1)/E 225 C~Delta(1) (6x1) (8) 2.3 23.1. Define the term river capture The more energetic river captures (steals) water froitithe less energetic river (2) (concept) (1x2) (2) 2.3.2 Identify the drainage basin feature labelled C. Watershed (1) (1x1) (1) 2.3.3 Identify the type of erosion taking place at B. Headward erosion (1) (xt) (1)2.3.4 Name the features of river capture marked A, D and E. Ax Wind gap/river gravels (1) Dj Captor stream (1) Misfit stream/Beheaded stream (1) (3x1) (3) 2.3.5 Discuss ONE possible climatological reason why river capture has taken place. More rainfall on one side of the watershed means an increase in the volume of water therefore greater erosion. (2) (1x2) (2) 2.3.6 Discuss the impact of river capture on the flow characteristics of the stream, labelled E. Flow/Velocity is slower (2) Rate of erosion is slower (2) Carrying capacity is reduced (2) Less water / volume of water less (2) More deposition (2) Tributaries may dry up (2). [Any THREE] (3x2) (6) 24 2.4.1 Define the term river rejuvenation. When the river gains new energy due to faster flow and/increased volume of water. (Concept) (2) (1x2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the fluvial landforms at A and B. A- Flood plain (1) B- Levees (1) (2x1) (2) 24.3. Feature D in FIGURE B indicates rejuvenation. Name feature D. Terraced slope (1) / Terrace (1) (1x1) (1) 2.4.4 Give TWO reasons for rejuvenation. Increased volume of water (2) Upliftment along the course of the river (2) / changeii'gradient Change in the erosive ability of the river (2) River Capture (2) Less erosive rock (2) Drop in sea level (2) {Any Two] (2x2) (4)24.5 Explain how rejuvenation will affect the flow of the river downstream. Riyer-will flow stronger downstream as the gradient is steeper due to the formation of a knickpoint. (2) Risgiin the potential energy of the river due to change in the gradient/ increased volume of water (2) The higher velocity of water due to change in the gradient / increased volume of water (2) Higher velocity may result in turbulent flow (2) Vertical erosion increased due to increased velocity of water (2) {Any THREE] (3x2) (6) [40] QUESTION 3: SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY 31 344 A(t) Site 3.1.2 B (1) Wet point settlement 3.1.3 B(1) Linear 314 A(t) 345 A(1) (5x1) (5) 32 3.24 X (1)/The percentage of the number of people living in urban areas. 3.2.2 ¥(1)/ Is the formless expansion of an urban area. 3.2.3 Y(1)/These towns develop due to one main function.. 3.2.4 X(1)/ the minimum number of people necessary before a particular good or service can be provided in an area. 3.25 X(1)/ People moving from urban areas into surrounding rural area. (5x1) (5) 3.3 3.3.1. According to the article, where do most rural people get their water supply from? Ground water (local wells and pumps) (1) (x1) 1) 3.3.2 What percentage of rural communities lack access to a reliable water source? 19% (1) (xt) (ay3.3.3 Quote another service delivery issue (other than the lack of access to water) mentioned in the article above. 33% do not have basic sanitation services” (1) (ix4) (1) 3.3.4 Wilfifeference to the article, identify the main causes of the water problem in rural communities. Lack of water infrastructure. (2) Ineffective maintenance of existing water infrastructure. (2) Increase (Immigration and population growth) in rural settlements [Any ONE] (1x2) (2) 3.3.5 Suggest TWO sustainable solutions that the government can introduce to ‘overcome the lack of access to water in rural communities. Building the necessary tap systems (pipes and other infrastructure) that will deliver reliabie water to the villages. (2) Use water trucks to bring water to these settlements. (2) Building a communal tap-water system that could make use of groundwater(i.e., using a well) or rainwater. (2) [Any TWO} - accept other reasonable answers (2x2) (4) 3.3.6 Discuss how the lack of access to water will impact the economy of rural ‘communities. Can affect businesses — businesses may close down - leads to ghost towns. (2) May lead to unemployment — leading to reduced spending. (2) Impacts on agricultural activities — lack of reliable water can impact farming yields - reducing profits. (2) Younger economically active people leave the rural areas - no workers left. (2) Reduces economic growth and development in rural communities. (2) [Any THREE] accept other reasonable answers (x2) @) 3.4 3.4.1 _ Identify the urban issue highlighted in the picture in the infographic. Urban decay (1) / Urban Blight (x1) (1) 3.4.2 According to the article, identify one challenge experienéad in trying to repair deteriorating buildings. Megal occupation of buildings (1) Arduous process to vacate them/remove people from buildings. / (1) (any ONE) (xt) (1) 103.4.3. Identify TWO other urban issues mentioned in the article. +. fneffective waste management by municipalities (1) --{{adequate crime management programmes ... (1) (2x1) (2) 3.4.4 Wifi feference to the graph in the infographic, identify the trend in urban growth from 1950 to 2020. It is increasing. (1) (1x4) (1) 3.4.5 Identify the relationship between the urban population and the urban issue (the answer to QUESTION 3.4.1) as shown in the picture and graph in the infographic. As urban population increases — urban decay / urban blight also increases/gets worse. (2) (1x2) (2) 3.4.6 Ina paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the impact that the urban issue referred to in QUESTION 3.4.1 will have on the people in urban areas. Leads to high crime rates — people are scared to leave their homes. (2) Litter and dirt can cause illnesses and spread diseases. (2) Rundown buildings (due to lack of maintenance) can cause injury to people. (2) Urban area not aesthetically pleasing - can result in people being depressed. (2) Lack of services (water and electricity) in these buildings can lead to fires (especially when it is cold). (2) Encourages other social evils (drug abuse, alcoholism, gangsterism, prostitution). (2) People may lose jobs as businesses close. (2) [Any FOUR - accept other reasonable answers] (4x2) (@) [40] "1SECTION B QUESTION 4: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 44 MAP SKILLS'AND CALCULATIONS The featiire found at grid location 28°36'13"S; 20°20'27"E, is (a/an) 44.4 D(1)/ Ruin (1x1) (1) 412 cy) (1x1) (1) 413 C(1) (4x1) (1) 4.1.4 Determine the magnetic bearing from trigonometrical station 74 (block E4) to spot height 652 (block 5). Show all calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations. Formula: Magnetic bearing = True bearing + magnetic declination TB = 22° (1) (Range - 21° - 23°) MD = 19°24" West of True North (1) 22° + 19°24W = 41°24" (1) (Range — 40°24" — 42°24’) (3x1) 3) 4.1.5 Refer to line 8 on the orthophoto map. The vertical interval of line 8 is 4 metres (a) Whatis the horizontal equivalent (HE) of line 8? 4.2 (1) cm x 100 = 420m (1) [Range 4.1 ~ 4.3 cm] [Range 410 - 430m] (2x1) @) (b) Calculate the average gradient of line 8, by using the information of QUESTION 4.1.5(a). Formula — Average gradient = __ Vertical interval (Vi) Horizontal equivalent (HE) a 420 (1) - (substitution) 1: 105 (1) [Range 102.5 — 107.5] (2x1) (2) 12Poo on Se sg 4.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 4.2.1 C(1)/north west (1x1) (1) 422 A(t (1x1) (1) 423 Al(ijhamiet (1x4) (1) 4.2.4 Refer to the fluvial landform found between blocks B1 and C3 on the orthophoto map. (a) Identify this fluvial landform, Kloof (1) Gorge (1) (x1) (1) (b) Describe the slopes of this landform [answer to QUESTION 4.2.4(a)] by referring to evidence on the orthophoto map. Steep slopes, because the contour lines are near to one another. (2) (1x2) (2) (c) Will the Augrabies waterfall at 9, retreat in a south easterly or north westerly direction? Give a reason for your choice. South easterly (1) Reason: Headward erosion causes the waterfall to migrate upstream (1) (#1) (2) 4.2.5 Refer to the settlement at H on the topographic map. (a) Identify the pattern of the settlement at H. Nucleated (1) (x1) (1) (b) What is the shape of this settlement at H? Cross roads (1) a) (c) Explain ONE factor that influenced the pattern of thigSettlement at H. Clustered near the water source. (canals/furrowsitivers) (2) Area is flat. (2) ; ‘Nucleated around the crossing of the roads. (2) [Any ONE] (1x2) (2) 134.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 434 D () 4.3.2 Refeto the sketch illustrating a GIS process. (2)—Name the GIS process illustrated by A. Data integration (1) (xt) (1) (b) Explain the GIS process named in QUESTION 4.3.2(a). Data of different themes/scales/sources are being put together in one single theme. (2) (1x2) (2) 4.3.3. Name the polygon feature in block E2 on the topographic map. Vineyard and orchards (1) Dry Pan (1)/ dry water course [Any ONE] (1x1) (1) 4.3.4 Is the polygon feature named in QUESTION 4.3.3, raster or vector data? Vector data (1) (xt) (1) 4.3.5 Comment on the importance of the polygon feature (named in QUESTION 4.3.3) for the residents of the Brabeesmond settlement. Vineyards and orchards Provides job opportunities (2) Exporting of the raw materials (2) Business potential by selling of the products (2) Dry pan/dry water course Where to expect water (2) Will have to look for ground water (2) Will also know which crops to cultivate (2) [Any ONE] (1x2) (2) [30] TOTAL: 150 14