EXAMINATION PAPER

MAY/JUNE 2022

MODULE POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT DATE 24 MAY 2022

MODULE CODE POG20B TIME: 09H00

Assessor Ms W Strydom DURATION THREE (3) HOURS

Moderator Ms R Ruiters

MODULE-SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer all the questions unless otherwise instructed.
2. Read the questions carefully before attempting their answers.
3. You may answer questions in any sequence, but you must keep the numbers the same as in this
examination paper.
4. Clearly number the questions and any sub-questions, using the same numbering as used in this
examination paper.
5. Draw a line after each completed question. If you decide to change the answer to a question, a
clear line must be drawn through the answer you do not want to have assessed.
6. Rough work – Do this in your examination answer book and clearly indicate that it is not part of
your answer by drawing a line through the rough work after you have answered the question.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
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3. Calculators are allowed.
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(answer book).
5. Use only a black or a blue pen. Do not use a pencil to answer questions.
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including those governing examinations.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO!

POG20B
THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONSISTS OF FOUR PAGES POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT II B
INCLUDING THIS COVER PAGE (THIS IS PAGE 1 OF 4).
POG20B – POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT II B
EXAMINATION PAPER – MAY/JUNE 2022

Question 1 [5]
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Each of the following sub-questions contains one statement but with multiple possible
answers. Only one of the answers is correct. Read each statement very carefully and
then decide which one of the options is the correct one. Write down only the number of
the sub-question and next to it the letter that represents the answer you have selected.
Example: If you believe that for sub-question 1.6 option C is correct, then write down:
1.6 C.

1.1 Identify the original theorist of structural realism (neorealism)?

A. Wallerstein
B. Waltz
C. Hobbes

1.2 Who introduced “Orientalism” to post-colonial writings?

A. Ranajit Guha.
B. Gayatri Spivak
C. Edward Said

1.3 What ‘law of war’ was applied when the Bush administration was criticised for
the torture of prisoners at the Guantanamo detention centre?
A. Jus in bello
B. Jus ad bellum
C. A and B

1.4 When was the United Nations (UN) established?

A. 1942
B. 1945
C. 1940

1.5 How does “new” terrorism justify the killing of non-combatants?

A. It will bring about an equal economic system
B. It will preserve unique cultural identities
C. It will bring rewards in the afterlife

Question 2 [5]
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
Consider the following list of statements. Each statement is either true or false. You
must read each statement carefully and then select the option that you believe is
correct as your answer. Write down only the question number and next to the number
either “True” or “False”.
Example: If you believe sub-question 2.6 is true, then write down: 2.6 True.
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POG20B – POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT II B
EXAMINATION PAPER – MAY/JUNE 2022

2.1 Globalisation can simultaneously contribute to increased food production and to

increased hunger.
2.2 The EU and the USA are still committed to the Kyoto Protocol of 1997.
2.3 States often have more resources to support human rights than multilateral
institutions.
2.4 Gender is not a structure of power, but an imaginary construct.
2.5 The Cold War period of 1979–1986 is often labelled as the “rise and fall of
détente”.

Question 3 [40]
CASE STUDY
NATIONALISM, SOCIALISM AND UJAMAA IN TANZANIA
The nationalism pursued by the Tanzanian government after 1964 had at its heart
similar goals to other brands of nationalism found elsewhere on the African continent.
At the centre of these ideologies were the twin desires to build national unity and to
foster economic development. Unity was very important for the stability of Tanzania, as
over 120 ethnic groups can be found on the country’s mainland. Similarly, there are
‘racial’ divisions among Tanzania’s people. The population practises Islam, several
denominations of Christianity and numerous traditional beliefs. Given these social
divisions, the government’s first task was to set about building a single nation within the
inherited state boundaries. The aim was to enhance the unity generated by the
independence campaign. Julius Nyerere, Tanzania’s first president, continued to urge
his people to regard themselves primarily as Tanzanians, and only after this as
Chagga, Arab, Asian or Shirazi. This unity, indeed, has been Tanzania’s post-colonial
success story. There was relatively little ethnic conflict during Nyerere’s leadership of
Tanganyika and then Tanzania (1961–1885).
Nyerere formulated his own genus of African socialism. Termed ujamaa (family-hood),
this ideology was very much associated with the president’s personality. As Nyerere
himself put it, “Socialism, as a system, is in fact the organisation of men’s inequalities
to serve their equality … Its concern is to see that those who sow, reap a fair share of
what they sow”.
Source: Thomson, A. 2016. An Introduction to African Politics. New York: Routledge. pp. 49–50.

3.1 Compare and contrast the characteristics of African socialism with that of
scientific socialism. (20)
3.2 Explain African nationalism in the context of Africa’s colonial heritage. (20)

Question 4 [10]
Identify the core principles in the following theories:
4.1 Constructivism (7)
4.2 Marxism (3)

Question 5 [15]
5.1 Provide arguments on whether ethnicity can be seen as a method of modern
political mobilisation. (9)
5.2 Explain the concept of liberalism. (6)

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POG20B – POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT II B
EXAMINATION PAPER – MAY/JUNE 2022

Question 6 [25]
Critically explain the three principles that unite realists (also referred to as the “three
Ss”.) It is important to also identify the critique on each of these principles. Provide
appropriate examples to support your answer. Present your discussion in essay
format.

EXAMINATION TOTAL: [100]

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