An encounter of what we saw in Translation module.

What is Translation?

 Translation is the process of converting written or spoken content from one

language into another, aiming to accurately convey the meaning, style, and
tone of the original while making it understandable to speakers of the target
language.

What are the five principles that a translator must have according to Etinne
Dolet ?

here are the five principles that a translator should follow according to Étienne Dolet:

1. Know the Original Language Well: ‫معرقة جيدة باللغة االصلية للنص‬

Understand the language of the original text well so that you grasp what the author
is trying to say and how they're saying it.

2. Be Good at the Language You're Translating Into: ‫معرفة جيدة باللغة المستهدفة‬

Be skilled in the language you are translating into, so you can convey the meaning
of the original text accurately and effectively.

3. Stay True to the Original Message: ‫البقاء مخلصا للنص االصلي‬

Try to keep the translation as close to the original text as possible. Capture the
author's intended meaning, style, and tone.

4. Be Mindful of Cultural Differences: ‫االخذ بعين االعتبار التفاوتات ةاالختالفات الثقافية‬

Pay attention to the cultural context of both the original and target languages.
Make sure your translation respects and reflects these cultural nuances.

5. Make the Translation Sound Natural and Elegant: ‫جعل الترجمة الئقة واصلية‬

Strive to make your translation read smoothly and naturally in the language you're
translating into. It's not just about the literal words; it's about creating a polished and
graceful piece of writing.

In essence, Dolet's principles emphasize a balance between understanding the

original content deeply, expressing it effectively in another language, and being
mindful of cultural and linguistic nuances.
An encounter of what we saw in Translation module.

Translation theories:

Mary Snell-Hornby's integrated approach to translation ‫ والنص‬: ‫يجب معرفة السياق العام‬
‫ ثقافة‬,‫لغة‬

It is like putting together a puzzle. When you translate something from one language
to another, it's not just about finding the right words. It's about understanding the
whole picture, including the culture, the way people talk, and the structure of the text.

Here are the key pieces of the puzzle:

1. Language Skills:
You need to be good in both the language you're translating from and the one
you're translating into. It's not just about knowing the words; it's about understanding
how people use the language.

2. Culture Awareness:
Imagine that words have different meanings in different places. So, you must know
not just the words but also the cultural context. What might be perfectly normal in
one culture might sound strange or even offensive in another.

3. Understanding the Text:

Think of the text as a painting. You need to see the big picture—the overall
structure, the colors (or words) used, and how they all fit together. It's not just about
translating word for word; it's about capturing the essence and style of the original.

4. Making it Sound Right:

It's like a song. Even if you know the notes, you need to play them in a way that
sounds good. Translators must choose words and expressions that not only convey
the meaning but also make sense and feel natural in the new language.

5. Using the Right Tools:

Just like a carpenter needs the right tools, translators use dictionaries, computer
programs, and other resources to help them. These tools assist in finding the best
ways to express things in the target language.
An encounter of what we saw in Translation module.

6. Following the Rules:

There are rules in languages, like grammar and proper ways of saying things.
Translators need to know and follow these rules to create translations that make
sense and are accepted by people who speak the language.

So, the integrated approach is about combining all these aspects—language,

culture, text understanding, making it sound right, using the right tools, and following
the rules—to create a translation that feels just as natural and meaningful as the
original. It's like putting all the puzzle pieces together to see the whole picture.

The skopos theory : ‫الغاية من الترجمة‬

Imagine you have a message you want to share, and you're getting it translated into
another language. The Skopos Theory says: "Think about why you're saying it and
who you're saying it to."

1. Purpose Matters:

Consider the purpose of your message. Are you informing, persuading,

entertaining, or something else? The Skopos Theory tells us that the purpose of the
translation is crucial. It's not just about words; it's about achieving the same goal in
the new language.

2. Audience Matters:

Who are you talking to? Different people or cultures might need different words or
approaches to get your message across. Skopos Theory encourages us to tailor our
translations to the audience, making sure it resonates with them.

3. Adapt to Context:

Just like you might use different words when talking to a friend compared to giving
a presentation, translations should adapt to the context. The Skopos Theory
supports the idea that translations should fit the specific situation and audience.

4. Dynamic Process:
An encounter of what we saw in Translation module.

Translation isn't a one-size-fits-all process. Skopos Theory recognizes that the

translation goal might change based on the situation, so it's a dynamic and flexible
approach.

In simpler terms, Skopos Theory is like saying, "It's not just about translating words,
it's about achieving a purpose. Consider who you're talking to, why you're talking to
them, and adapt accordingly." It's a bit like tailoring your message so that it's not just
linguistically accurate, but it also hits the right notes for your intended audience and
purpose.