UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

College of Criminal Justice Education

MODULE 3

MARTIAL ARTS TECHNIQUES

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 Identify the different techniques of martial arts

 Perform the different martial art techniques
 Create martial arts techniques

Before you start with the demo module, answer this pre-activity. This
is a Four Pics One Word puzzle. Give the needed word that the
pictures describe.

S N U T E C Q H E I
  Fundamental techniques of Taekwondo

Martial arts techniques vary from its application and it depends if it is being
performed in the forms or sparring. Forms may be a Kata (for Karate) or
Poomsae (for Taekwondo), in which the practitioner should perform every
movement with specific distances, position and execution. In the sparring
event, technicalities are disregarded. There are no guidelines in executing
stances, kicking and punching.

TAEKWONDO KICKS

INTRODUCTION
It’s no secret that the Taekwondo
kicks are what really makes it unique.
In Korean, kicks are called “chagi,”
and can be executed in a number of
different ways. These include kicks at
different heights, jump kicks, spin
kicks, and combinations of these. In
this article, we will go over some of
the different kicks you will come
across in Taekwondo and what they
are called. Please note that some of
these kicks are meant for different
situations. Some will be more
practical in self-defense situations,
KURT BRYAN BARBOSA -PHILIPPINES (Blue Armor)
and others are more for competitions. Gold Medalist
2019 South East Asian Games

TAEKWONDO KICKS WITH KOREAN NAMES

FRONT KICK (앞 차기, “AP CHAGI”)

The front kick is sometimes referred to as the “snap kick,” because of the
tremendous speed exerted in this move. It is one of the first kicks taught in
Taekwondo, but is often considered as one of the most powerful even at higher
levels. It is performed by raising the knee of your kicking leg to the waist, then
exerting force by exerting your foot forward, straight towards the target. This
move is designed to push the target back, as well as injure them.

SIDE KICK (옆 차기, “YEOP CHAGI”)

Another move that is learned relatively early, the side kick is very powerful and
has different implications depending on the Taekwondo standard being
practiced. It is performed by raising the knee while also rotating your body by
90 degrees, then exerting force by extending your leg. By using the momentum
of your waist and torso, you are able to connect harder with the target. Which
part of the leg and foot connects with the target will vary between the
different standards taught, but it will usually be with either the outside edge of
your foot or with the heel of the foot.
BACK KICK (뒷 차기, “DWIT CHAGI”)

The back kick is more advanced, because as the name suggests, you would
perform the kick by setting up for it away from the target. If it isn’t done
properly, you can easily lose the crucial balance to make contact with your
opponent, or even fall over.

ROUNDHOUSE KICK (돌려 차기, “DOLLYEO CHAGI”)

The infamous Roundhouse kick is a very powerful move once mastered, and
has gained a lot of popularity throughout movies and shows alike. This kick is
done by performing a pivot on the leg that is not kicking by turning your hips.
While the pivot is conducted, contact is made with the target by extending
your leg and impacting the target with either the ball of your foot or with the
instep of the foot.
REVERSE SIDE KICK (반대 옆 차기, “BANDAE YEOP CHAGI”)

The reverse side kick is essentially an exaggerated version of the back kick. The
difference is that this kick carries more power from the extra momentum,
because the practitioner turns further than they would with the back kick.
Obviously, this kick also requires tremendous practice in order to remain fully-
balanced during the maneuver.

INNER/OUTER CRESCENT KICK (“AN CHAGI / BAKKAT CHAGI”)

The Crescent kick comes in two variations: the inner and the outer, or
sometimes referred to as the inside and the outside crescent kicks. Both start
off by raising your kicking leg as high against your body as possible and
extending it, as well as placing it slightly across the centerline of your body.
From there, if it is an outer kick, you will then sweep outwards from the
centerline and connect with the target. If it is an inside kick, you would sweep
towards the inside of the centerline, and connect with the target there.
HOOK KICK (후려 차기, “HURYEO CHAGI”)

The Hook kick is a relatively modern trend in Taekwondo competitions, but is

not common traditionally. It is similar to a Roundhouse kick, but with a
backwards sweep once the foot is extended. The intended impact on the
opponent with this kick is meant to be the heel of the kicking foot.

REVERSE TURNING KICK (반대 돌려 차기, “BANDAE DOLLYEO CHAGI”)

Like the Hook kick, this kick has a sweep performed to create an impact on the
opponent. The difference here is that the sweep extends further, and the kick
is performed with a perfectly-straight leg. As with the Hook kick, the heel
connects with the target.
KNEE STRIKE (“MUREUP CHIGI”)

Although not technically a kick, the knees are an essential part of any good
kick, but they can also hold a lot of power on their own. The knee strike has
many variations, but they all revolve around raising the knee and impacting
the target by either bringing the target into the knee, or pushing the knee
towards the target. These types of strikes are particularly common in mixed
martial arts (MMA), and other martial arts, like Muay Thai.

AXE KICK (내려 차기, “NAERYEO CHAGI”)

The Axe kick is also a relatively modern trend in competitive Taekwondo and
other martial arts competitions. To explain this move, think of how you would
swing an axe to cut a log. You first have to lift the axe up above the height of
your body, then the axe swings down onto the log, impacting it on a slight
angle. The Axe kick works by raising your leg up high towards the target,
starting from outside the centerline. Once you have performed the upwards
kick as high as possible, you exert downward force with this leg, and keeping
the heel of the foot pointed downwards. The intended impact is basically
everything above the torso of the opponent, including the head, shoulders,
and collar bone.
SCISSOR KICK (“KAWI CHAGI”)

This kick is significantly more advanced, but is often reserved for Taekwondo
demonstrations as opposed to competitions or self-defense. It involves hitting
two opponents at once by performing a jump-kick, and using each leg to
target a separate opponent. It’s a wonderfully impressive move, and one that
you would surely be proud to master over time.

FLYING SIDE KICK & FLYING BACK KICK (“TWI MYO YEOP CHAGI / TWI MYO DWI
CHAGI”)
Perhaps two of the most iconic kicks in Taekwondo, the Flying Side Kick and
the Flying Back Kick are exactly what they sound like. This is an advanced
version of both the side kick and the back kick, and is done by getting a
running start before performing the kick in mid-air. Although these kicks are
more demonstrative in nature, they are also used in sparring relatively often.
STANCES (Seogi)

Closed Stance (Moa Seogi)

Feet together
Toes facing straight forward
Stand upright
Legs straight

Parallel Stance (Naranhi Seogi)

Inner edge of both feet should be

1 foot-length apart
Toes facing straight forward
Legs straight

Riding Stance (Juchum Seogi)

Distance between feet is approximately

2 foot-length
Toes facing straight forward
Weight equally distributed on both legs
but concentrated inwardly
Knees bent

Forward Stance (Ap Kubi)

4-4 ½ foot-length from origin

Front foot facing forward
Back foot angled at 30 degrees
Weight: 70% in front, 30% at the back
When you look down towards the front
foot, you should only see the tip of your toes
Distance between the inside edges of both
Feet should be between one (1) to two (2)
fist/s apart
Standing upright, body is naturally angled at
30 degrees
Back Stance (Dwit Kubi)

3-foot length from origin

Front foot facing straight forward
Back foot at 90 degrees (letter L)
Weight: 30% in front, 70% at the back
Shoulder, hip, knee and ankle of back leg
should be aligned

Walking Stance (Ap Seogi)

3 foot-length from origin
Front foot facing straight forward
Back foot is 30 degrees
Both legs should be straight
Inner sides of both feet should be on a
straight line
Body is turned 45 degrees (natural angle)
Weight must be evenly distributed on
both legs

Right Stance (Oreun Seogi)

From parallel stance, pivot right heel to
face right
Left foot facing straight forward
Right foot and left foot forming an
Angle of 90 degrees (letter L)

Left Stance (Wen Seogi)

From parallel stance, pivot left heel to
face right
Right foot facing straight forward
Left foot and right foot forming an
angle of 90 degrees (letter L)

Forward Cross Stance (Apkkoa Seogi)

Front leg supported by ball of foot

Back foot is around 30 degrees
Shin of back leg is touching the calf of
front leg
Distance between feet is one (1) fist apart
Tiger Stance (Beom Seogi)

Back foot is angled at 30 degrees

Weight: 90% at the back, 10% in front (feels
Like 100% at the back)
Front foot should be supported by ball of foot
(like wearing high heels)
Heel of front foot should be aligned to the tip
of the back foot’s toe
Knee should be bent
Butt out, body naturally upright

Crane Stance (Makdari Seogi)

Standing on one leg with supporting foot

facing straight forward
Knee of standing leg is slightly bent
Other leg is bent and raised with arc of foot
touching the side of the standing leg’s knee
Raised foot should be facing forward

Back Crossed Stance (Dwikkoa Seogi)

Front foot 45 degrees

Back leg supported by ball of foot (like
wearing high heels)
Shin of the back leg is touching the calf of
the front leg
Distance between feet is one (1) fist apart

PUNCHING (Jireugi)

Middle Punch (Bandae Jireugi)

Preparatory Position
Punching arm starts from the waist with the
fist facing upward
Pulling arm is extended forward towards the
solar plexus.

Final Position
Punching arm is extended forward. Turn the
fist only at the last moment of hitting the solar
plexus with the two big knuckles. Wrist should
 be straight and palm should be facing down
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned with the belt line.

High Punch (Olgul Jireugi)

Preparatory Position
Punching arm starts from the waist with the
fist facing upward
Pulling arm is extended forward towards the
philtrum (base of the nose).

Final Position
Punching arm is extended forward. Turn the
fist only at the last moment of hitting the face
(philtrum) with the two big knuckles. Wrist
should be straight and palm should be facing
down
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned with the belt line.

Side Punch (Yop Jireugi)

Preparatory Position
Punching arm starts from the waist with the
fist facing upward
Pulling arm is extended forward towards the
solar plexus.

Final Position
Punching arm is extended forward. Turn the
fist only at the last moment of hitting the solar
plexus with the two big knuckles. Wrist should
be straight and palm should be facing down
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned with the belt line.
Side punch is usually executed together with
riding stance
Face should be in the direction of the punch

Double middle upper cut (Dujumeok Jecho Jireugi)

Preparation starts from the waist with the fists

facing downward
 Move forward turning the fist only at the last
moment hitting the floating ribs with the two
big knuckles.
Final angle of arms should be straight and fist
should be facing upward.

BLOCKING (Makki)

Low Block (Arae Makki)

Preparatory Position
Blocking hand starts from the opposite shoulder
(hammer fist touching the shoulder)
Pulling arm is placed across the abdomen over
the belt with the fist facing downward

Final Position
Blocking hand should be two (2) fist away from
The leg (thigh)
Arm should be straight (elbow not bent)
The edge of the arm should be aligned to the
side of the leg.
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned to the belt line.

High Block (Olgul Makki)

Preparatory Position
Blocking hand starts across the abdomen over
the belt (fist facing upward)
Pulling arm is placed across the chest at
shoulder level with the fist facing downward

Final Position
Wrist of the blocking hand should be one (1)
fist away from center of the forehead (elbow
is facing up)
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned to the belt line.

Middle Block (Momtong Makki)

Preparatory Position
Fist of the blocking arm is lifted a little above
the shoulder height with the arms around 90
degrees (elbow pointing down)
Chest open
 Pulling arm is positioned in front of the center
line of the body

Final Position
Hand and wrist of the blocking arm are
aligned to the center of the body (solar
plexus) with the blade of the arm facing
inward.
Tip of the fist is as high as the shoulder
Wrist of the blocking hand should not bent
Blocking arm is angled at 90-120 degrees
Elbow of the blocking arm is naturally pointing
down
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned to the belt line.

Outer Middle Block (Momtong Bakkat Makki)

Preparatory Position
Fist of the blocking arm is placed near
the elbow of the pulling arm with fist
facing upward
Pulling arm is placed across the chest
With fist at shoulder level with the fist
Facing downward

Final Position
The blocking fist must be directed towards
the body with the blade of the arm facing
outward.
Tip of the fist is as high as the shoulder
Wrist of the blocking hand should not bent
Blocking arm is angled at 90-120 degrees
Elbow of the blocking arm is naturally pointing
down
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned to the belt line.

Single Knifehands Block (Hansonnal Makki)

Preparatory Position
Blocking hand is placed near the elbow
of the pulling arm with khifehand
facing upward
Pulling arm is placed across the chest
with fist facing downward on shoulder area.
Final Position
The blocking hand-blade must be directed
towards the body with the blade of the arm
facing outward.
Tip of the fist is as high as the shoulder
Wrist of the blocking hand should not bent
Blocking arm is angled at 90-120 degrees
Pulling arm is placed on the side of the waist
aligned to the belt line.

Knifehands Middle Block (Sonnal Makki)

Preparatory Position
Blocking hand is placed over the waist in
khifehand form with the palm facing upward
Supporting hand is positioned backward in
knifehand form and aligned to shoulder
height with arm naturally bent

Final Position
The blocking hand-blade must be directed
towards the body with the blade of the arm
facing outward.
Tip of the finger as high as the shoulder
Wrist of the blocking hand should not bent
Blocking arm is angled at 90-120 degrees
Assisting arm’s hand is placed one fist below
the solar plexus with the wrist aligned to the
center of the body.

STRIKE (Chigi)

Front Strike (Ap Chigi)

Preparatory Position
Striking fist starts under the armpit of the
pulling arm
Pulling arms is naturally folded with palm
Facing downward

Final Position
Hit the target by using the back of the fist at
the area of the index and middle finger.
Target area is the philtrum (base of the nose).
Pulling arm is pulled back to the side of the
waist with palm facing upward.
Angle of hitting arm should be approximately 100 degrees.
High Outer Strike (Olgul Bakkat Chigi)

Preparatory Position
Striking fist starts just above the shoulder
area fist facing downward
Pulling arm starts under the striking arm,
naturally folded with the fist facing downward.

Final Position
Hit the target sideways by using back of the fist
at the area of the index and middle finger.
Target area is the temple.
Pulling arm is pulled back to the side of the
waist with palm facing upward.
This strike is usually done with backward stance.

Elbow Hook (Palkup Dollyo Chigi)

Preparatory Position
Striking arm starts from the waist
area fist facing downward
Pulling arm is naturally bent and positioned
In front of the chest.

Final Position
Strike the target (jaw) by twisting the waist while
Throwing the elbow forward. Bring the palm
Towards the chest, fist facing downward.
Pulling arm is pulled back to the side of the
waist with fist facing upward.
This strike is usually done with forward stance.

Elbow Strike (Palkup Yop Chigi)

Preparatory Position
Striking arm is positioned across the waist
(fist facing the body) and the knuckles of
the fist rested on the palm of the supporting
hand.

Final Position
Attack sideways by twisting the striking arm
Together with the supporting hand towards
the target. Fist of the striking arm facing
downward and fingers of the supporting
hand naturally angled upward (fingers
together).
This is naturally done with riding stance.