CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING
CALCULATIONS
PRESENTATION ON MATERIAL BALANCE BY:
CORDOVA, LORENZ PRIAM
LOZADA, KRISTEN THEA
SUCGANG, KARLA JOY
Mixing
to make into one mass by stirring together
or through blending
A mixture is a compound made up of two or more
chemical components that are not chemically linked.
Example 1: Material Balance of Mixer
It is required to make 1000 kg mixed acid containing 60% H₂SO₄, 32%
HNO₃ and 8% water by blending;

(i) spent acid containing 11.3% HNO₃, 44.4% H₂SO₄ and 44.3% H₂O
(ii) aqueous 90% HNO₃
(iii) aqueous 98% H₂SO₄.

All percentage are by weight. Calculate the quantities of each of the

three acids required for blending.
ILLUSTRATION
X H2 SO4 = 0. 444 F₁
X HNO3 = 0.113 spent acid
X H2 O = 0. 443 P
F₂ 1000 kg mixed acid
X HNO3 = 0.9 aqueous HNO3 MIXER
X H2 O = 0. 1 X H2 SO4 = 0. 60
F₃ X HNO3 = 0. 32
X H2 SO4 = 0. 98 aqueous H2SO4 X H2 O = 0. 08
X H2 O = 0. 02
SOLUTION
Required: F₁, F₂, F₃

Total mass balance:

INPUT = OUTPUT
F₁ + F₂ + F₃ = 1, 000 kg mixed acid equation 1

Material Balance of HNO₃ (express in F₂ in terms of F₁)

0.113(F₁) + 0.9(F₂) = 0.32 (1000 Kg)
F₂ = 0.32 (1000) - 0.113(F₁)
0.9
F₂ = 320 - 0.113(F₁)
equation 2
0.9
Material Balance of H₂SO₄ (express F₃ in terms of F₁)

0.444(F₁) + 0.98(F₃) = 0.60 (1000 Kg)

F₃ = 0.60 (1000) - 0.444(F₁)
0.98
F3 = 600 - 0.444(F₁)
equation 3
0.98

Total Mass Balance

F₁ + F₂ + F₃ = 1, 000 kg
substitute the equivalents of F₃ and F₂ from equations 2 and 3
 F₁ + 320 - 0.113(F₁) + 600 - 0.444(F₁) = 1, 000 0.882
0.9 0.98
0.882F₁ + 0.98 (320 - 0.113F₁) + 0.9 (600 - 0.444F₁) = 1000 (0.882)
0.882F₁ + 313.6 - 0.11074F₁ + 540 - 0.3996F₁ = 882
0.882F₁ - 0.11074F₁ - 0.3996F₁ = 882 - 313.6 - 540
0.882F₁ - 0.51034F₁ = 882 - 853.6
0.37166F₁ = 28.4
28.4
F₁ =
0.37166
F₁ = 76.4 kg spent acid feed
F₂ = 320 - 0.113(F₁)
0.9 Substitute calculated F₁ value to
equation 2 to get F₂.
F₂ = 320 - 0.113(76.4)
0.9

F₂ = 345.96 kg aqueous HNO₃

F₁ + F₂ + F₃ = 1, 000 kg
F₃ = 1, 000 kg - F₁ - F₂
Substitute calculated F₁ and F₂ values
F₃ = 1, 000 kg - 76.4 kg - 345.96 kg to equation 1 to get F₃.

F₃ = 577.64 kg aqueous H₂SO₄