Nonessential Nutrients

Important Terms
 Nutrients that the body utilizes but are not required
Food for life

 Anything which when taken and digested nourishes Macronutrients

the body
 These are essential nutrients that provide calories or
 It is VITAL need which man cannot live
energy
 Are also culturally acceptable substance that supply
 These are carbs, protein, and fat
heat and energy, build and repair body tissues and
regulate body processes Micronutrients

3 Food Groups  These are essential nutrients that the body needs in
small amount to regulate and control the functions of
 Energy-giving Foods
the body
- Cereals, tubers, fats, and oils
 Commonly referred to as vitamins and minerals
 Body-building Foods
- Meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, legumes Calorie (Kcalorie)
 Body-regulating Foods
- Fruits and vegetables  The unit of energy commonly used in human
nutrition is the kilogram calorie (kcal) or simply
Food Constitute calorie

 All the solid and liquid materials taken into digestive  It is the unit of measurement for the energy that the

tract that are utilized to maintain and build body body gets from food

tissues, regulate body processes, and supple heat,
thereby sustaining life
Food Composition
 Foods are composed of various compounds
- Organic Compounds: carbohydrates, protein,
lipids, and vitamins
- Inorganic Compounds: Water and Minerals
Nutrition
 It is the science of the processes by which the body
uses food for energy, maintenance, and growth
Nutrients
 It is a chemical substance that is present in food and
needed by the body
 Conversion: 1,000 small calorie = 1 calorie
 One kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy required
to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°
C
Fuel Factors
1. Fuel factor of carbohydrates = 4 calories per gram
2. Fuel factor of protein = 4 calories per gram
3. Fuel factor of fat = 9 calories per gram
4. Fuel factor of alcohol = 7 calories per gram
- Considered a source of empty calories because it
provides no nutritional value
Calories
 Calories are not eaten. They are by-products of
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that are oxidized in
the body
Bomb Calorimeter
 It is a device used to measure the total calorie content

Essential Nutrients (total energy) available from food

Adequate Intake (AI)

 Nutrients required for human life
  Guideline for intake of a nutrient when  Estimated amount of nutrient needed to meet the
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) cannot be requirements of half of the healthy people in a group
determined due to lack of scientific date on based on gender and/or lifestyle
requirements
Health Claims
Anthropometric Measurements
 FDA-regulated labeling that must meet specific
 Collection of specific assessment data related to criteria for the claim being made
physical characteristics of the body
 Examples
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
- Height
 Represents the average amount of nutrients that
- Weight
should be taken in on a daily basis to meet
- Skin fold thickness
established nutrient needs

Daily Reference Value (DRVs) Serving Sizes

 Established for foods that have health implication but
 Standard reference measurements specific to foods
no RDA
that are used in conjunction with the Food Guide
 May be either amounts that should not be exceeded Pyramid and other diet planning guidelines to
or amounts to try to consume indicate accurate food intake
Nutrient Density
Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
 Refers to the concentration of nutrients in a given
amount of food source relative to its calorie content  Highest level of a daily nutrient that is likely to create
no adverse effects
 Note
- The higher the nutrient density, the greater the
Vegetarian Diet
value in a small amount of food
 Diet consisting only or primarily of vegetables and
Daily Value (DV) vegetable-based foods
 Some types may include eggs, dairy, and/or fish
 Reference nutrient values that appear on nutrition
labels and that are based on 2000 Kcalorie diet
Basic Tools in Nutrition
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
 It provides enough energy and nutrients to meet the
 Comprehensive measure of nutrition and long-term nutritional needs of the individual
health guidelines that are utilized to both assess and  It serves as dietary guides in planning for a healthy
plan diets for healthy individuals diet
 It includes the Recommended Dietary Allowance  A healthy diet consists of a variety of foods when
(RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper eaten in moderation and in right proportion
Intake Level (UL), and Estimated Average - Healthy Diet: it is planned using the basic tools
Requirement (EAR) in nutrition

Estimated Average Requirement Tools Commonly Used

Exchange List

 A diet planning tool that can be used with diabetic

and non-diabetic clients that focuses on organizing
foods by their macronutrient content
 Foods that are on the same exchange list are similar
in macronutrient content and therefore can be
“exchange” or substituted as part of a dietary plan

Food Guide Pyramid

 A graphic representation of the basic food groups

illustrating number of servings that can be used in a
healthy diet
 They can be individualized specific to certain
populations (children, adolescents, pregnant/lactating
women and elderly) as well as to specific diets
(vegetarian or Mediterranean)

Plate Model

 It illustrates the types of food needed for a health diet

and the proportions that should be eaten everyday
 Approach to healthy eating is simple and is designed
so that appropriate food selection can be made
visually without having to weigh or measure foods