No Theorist/s Name of Theory Background Nursing Person Health Environment Application

. Theory Community

Metaparadigm
Health  The health Collaboration with A biopsychosocial The actualization of The socisl, cultural and Nurses can use the model to
Promotion promotion individuals, families, and organism that is inherent and acquired physical context n which develop interventions that
Model model was communities to create partially shaped by the human potential the life course unfolds. The address the specific needs of
proposed by the most favorable environment but also through goal-directed environment can be the nursing community, such
Nola J. Pender in conditions for the seeks to create an behavior, competent manipulated by the as reducing stress and
1982. Designed expression of optimal environment in which self-care, and satisfying individual to create a burnout among nurses.
to be a health and high-level inherent and acquired relationship with positive context of cues Additionally, the HPM can be
“complementary well being human potential can be others, while the and facilitators for health- used to guide nursing
counterpart to fully expressed. Thus, adjustment are made enhancing behaviors. research, such as investigating
models of health the relationship as needed to maintain the effectiveness of nursing
promotion.” between person and structural integrity and interventions on health
 Define helath as environment the harmony with the outcomes.
“ a positive reciprocal. Individual relevant environments.
dynamic state characteristics as well Health is an evolving Overall, Nola Pender’s Health
not merely the as life experiences life experienced. Promotion Model is a
absence of shape between valuable tool for the nursing
disease” including health community, as it provides a
 Health behaviors. framework for understanding
promotion is the complex interplay
directed at between individual behavior,
increasing a social and environmental
client’s level of factors, and health outcomes.
well being By applying the HPM, nurses
 The model can help patients achieve
describes the better health outcomes and
multi improve the overall health of
dimensional the nursing community.
nature of person
as they interact
within their
environment to
pursue health.
2. Madeleine Culture Care  Transcultural This is defined as a Such belief to be caring It is a state of well Environmental context is a
Leininger Theory in nursing is a learned humanistic and and to be capable of being that is culturally totality of an event,
Nursing comparative scientific profession and being concerned about defined, valued, and situation, or particular
study of cultures discipline which is needs, well-being, and practiced, and which experienced that gives
to understand focused on human care survival of others. reflects ability of meaning to human
similarities phenomena and Leininger also indicates individuals ( or groups) expressions,
(culture activities in order to that nursing as a caring to perform their daily interpretations and social
universal) and assist, support, facilitate, science should focus role activities in interactions in particular
differences or enable individuals or beyond traditional culturally expressed, physical, ecological,
(culture-specific) groups to maintain or nurse-patient beneficial, and sociopolitical and/or
across human regain their well-being interactions and dyads patterned life ways. cultural settings. These
groups (or health) in culturally to include families, terms are not defined by
(Leininger, 1991) meaning and beneficial groups, communities, Leininger; she speaks
 Through her ways or to help people total cultures, and instead of worldview,
observation face handicaps or death. institutions. social structure, and
while working as environmental context.
a nurse,
Madeleine
Leininger
identified lack of
cultural and care
knowledge as
the missing
component to a
nurse’s
understanding
of many
variations
require in
patient care
support
compliance,
healing, and
wellness which
led her to
develop the
Theory of
Transcultural
Nursing also
known as
Culture Care
Theory.
 Culture is a
belief, habits,
likes, dislikes,
customs and
rituals learned
from one’s
 family.

3. Margaret Theory of  The theory of Nursing is <caring in the The human is unitary, Health and illness are Environment is described
Newmans Health as expanding human health that cannot be divided synthesized as health - as a <universe of open
Expanding consciousness experience=. Nursing is into parts, and is the fusion of one state systems=
Consciousnes stems from seen as a partnership inseparable from the of being (disease) with
s rogers theory of between the nurse and larger unitary its opposite (non-
unitary human client, which both grow field.<Persons as disease) results in what
beings. in the <sense of higher individuals, and human can be regarded as
 The theory of levels of consciousness=. beings as a species are health.
health as identified by their
expanding patterns
consciousness ofconsciousness…=
(HEC) was Persons are <centers of
stimulated by consciousness= within
concern for an overall pattern of
those for whom expandingconsciousnes
health as the s.
absence of
disease or
disability is not
possible
(Newman,
2010).
 The theory has
progressed to
include the
health of all
persons
regardless of the
presence or
absence of
disease(Newma
n, 2010). The
theory asserts
that every
person in every
situation, no
matter how
disordered and
hopeless it may
seem, is part of
the universal
process of
expanding
consciousness –
a process of
becoming more
of oneself, of
finding greater
meaning in life,
and of reaching
new dimensions
of
connectedness
with other
people and the
world (Newman,
2010)
4. Rosemarie Theory of The Parse theory of The nursing model
Rizzo Parse Human human becoming defines the person
Becoming guides nurses In their (referred to as “man”
practice to focus on throughout the theory)
quality of life as it is as an open being who is
described more than and different
and lived (Karen & from the sum of the
Melnechenko, 1995). parts.
✔ The human
becoming theory of
nursing presents an
alternative to both
the conventional
biomedical approach
and
the bio-psycho-social-
spiritual (but still
normative) approach
of most other
theories of nursing.
✔This theory posits
quality of life from
each person's own
perspective as the
goal of nursing
practice.
 ✔Parse first published
the theory in 1981 as
the "Man-living-
health" theory.
✔The name was
officially changed to
"the human
becoming theory" in
1992 to remove the
term "man" after the
change in the
dictionary definition
of the word from its
former meaning of
"humankind".
5. Rozanno Technological  Technological Locsin’s definition of He defines a person as Technologies of care The environment in
Locsin Competency competency as nursing is the concept of a whole, in a given support the Locsin’s theory is narrow
as Caring and caring in nursing caring and intentionality moment, and one who expectations of and tied to the
the Practice is the (33). Each person is is constantly growing, persons that they will technological environment
of Knowing harmonious unique and individual, so changes according to be known as
Person’s in coexistence the definition of health personal conditions participants in their
Nursing between varies from person to and experiences, and is care rather than as
technologies person, depending on a union of mind, body objects of care
and caring in their hopes and desires. and spirit.
nursing.
 The
harmonization
of these
concepts places
the practice of
nursing within
the context of
modern
healthcare and
acknowledges
that these
concepts can co-
exist.
 Technology
brings the
patient closer to
the nurse.
Conversely,
technology can
also increase the
gap between the
nurse and
nursed.
 When
technology is
used to know
persons
continuously in
the moment,
the process of
nursing is lived
6. Sister Casagra  The complete “Focus on the type of The theory was suited Based on Agravante’s The environment was This theor
Carolina Transformati title of her leadership in nursing to our nursing faculty’s model, health, degree ambiguously stated in educators,
ve Leadership model is <The that can challenge the ability to lead and of wellness, or well- Agravante’s quote about are adm
Agravante Model CASAGRA values of the educate new nurses. being is abstractly her theory, “…challenge education
Transformative changing world.” was a People is not clearly discussed but it was the values of the 2009).
Leadership quote from the theorist stated in the theory the aim (to improve changing world”. discipline,
Model: Servant herself. It was clearly but the “client” was practice by positively Environment stated was Agravante
– Leader stated that the included in the care influence the health the world wherein there achieving
Formula & the CASAGRA Model was for complex theory of and quality of life of is always a development. and missio
Nursing the transformative Agravante. It simply patients) why the It is emphasized that the a netw
Faculty’s leadership development denotes that the nursing faculty want to theory was focused on competen
Transformative of a nursing faculty. caring behavior educate and lead new the type of leadership in educators
Leadership The attributes of a learned by the new nurses with caring nursing need to cope and nation
Behavior”. nursing leader should nurses from their behavior up with this changing faculty,
 The theory be competent with a nursing educators will world. Be it in the Agravante
<CASAGRA dream of what nursing clearly affect the state technology updates servant-
Transformative can be and an individual of being of their clients (the machines we use for passionate
Leadership is a whose aim is to provide or patients in the everyday lives), the willingness
psycho spiritual care and service to future. changes in physical knowledge
model. those who are surroundings (building of with their
 This is classified competent in nursing. different infrastructures), ways. Als
as a Practice The utmost goal of and our setting (the knowledge
Theory basing nursing theories is situation we are in such go throug
on the to improve patient care as the pandemic we regarding
characteristics and this theory is highly are facing right now, and app
of a Practice significant up to the COVID-19). The theory practices
Theory stated by present day. Worldwide was made for the nursing simulation
McEwen(2007) leadership crises faculty to strengthen its concept w
▪Complexity / demanded the nursing foundation and take on promoting
 Abstractness, Scope - educators and leaders responsibilities in line knowing
Focuses on a narrow to revisit their basic with the situation we weakness
view of reality, simple responsibility of are experiencing. controlling
and straightforward educating and forming processes
▪Generalizability / our future nursing influence
Specificity - Linked to leaders who are behaviors
a special populations responsive to faculty in
or an identified field technological, individual
of practice educational and social resulting
▪Characteristic of changes happening in and lea
Scope – Single, the environment we live students a
concrete concept that in. In short, since expertise,
is operationalized nursing, as a profession aware of
▪Characteristic of is ever- changing, expert at.
Proposition – new nurses need preceptor
Propositions defined nursing teachers/leaders beneficial
▪Testability – Goals or who are the nurses in t
outcomes defined embodiment of the preceptors
and testable three-fold hired nur
▪Source of transformative experience
Development – leadership concept practice
Derived from practice (servant-leadership, self- demonstra
or deduced from mastery, and special and char
middle range theory nursing expertise) to specific un
or grand theor look up to.
7. Carmelita Composure The nursing profession Each individual Nurses needs wide The intervention that the The
Divinagracia Model can actively deliver needs humane, caring, knowledge of the nurses have when represents
quality care through spiritually oriented patient’s condition, to administering the client profession
caring interventions like interventions that can understand how their will have an effect to the for the
the COMPUSURE facilitate wellness needs can be met and wellness outcome of the outcome
behavior which provides regardless of creed, complications are patient enhances
care to the patient to social class, gender, prevented regardless of care th
achieve wellness. age, and nationality. of diversity. The patients.
patient’s wellness them
outcome is independe
measured through Thus, thi
the physiologic and nursing pr
behavioral outcomes.
Socio- demographic
characteristics mainly
an individual’s gender
and age are connected
to the wellness
outcome.

8. Sister Letty Retirement Kuan believed that In Kuan’s Model, she Kuan included Health Kuan promoted change This theo
G. Kuan and Role retirement should be emphasized that Status of the retiree - of life in between to give id
Discontinuity recognized as the preparing early in life physiologic and mental role discontinuities and retiremen
Model fulfillment of every through cultivation of state, as one of the fruitful retirement as it is selected
individual’s birthright other role options at determinants of a factor that changes the prevent n
and must be lived age of 50 to 60 years fruitful retirement of rhythm of one’s life. In retiring an
meaningfully. She old in order for them aging. She believed this stage, one must have determina
suggested that to have fruitful that proper care of coping approaches to by most o
government agency retirement and aging the mind and body is alleviate their role a negativ
should contrast amidst role needed to maintain discontinuity. A individuals
holistic pre- retirement discontinuities. health in old age retiree’s environment deemed t
preparation program may change as change of it genera
which will take care of life from role gaps on g
the retiree’s financial discontinuity occur. gives spec
and holistic needs. patient or
retiree, on
the role d
will deter
aging. Wit
by Kuan,
gerontolog
about reti
aspects of
9. Carmencita Prepare Me The theory is The theory is The patient and his/ her The theor
Abaquin Holistic developed particularly developed particularly environment are Nursing
Nursing for patients with for patients with interrelated with each Carmencit
Interventions advanced stages of advanced stages of other. The patient’s became th
cancer. In order to cancer. In order to quality of life can also be that addre
improve the quality of improve the quality of evaluated here, hence, it multidime
life of these patients life of these patients is crucial in providing care problems
who are terminally-ill, who are terminally-ill, for the patient. can be giv
it should be dealt with it should be dealt with patients ch
a multifaceted or a multifaceted or be confin
holistic care. holistic care. patients
with cance
through t
hospitals,
nurses are
care of th
Carmencit
stated. PR
help n
communic
Most canc
emotional
can give
feel. So, th
nurses to
connection
patients. It
holistic ap
peaceful
them with
to both
presence,
prayer,
meditation
clarificatio
PREPARE
system
pharmaco
surgical a
advanced
patients. T
cure how
patient
mankind a
one is con
life and de
must be se
simple par
facilitators
of the con
standardiz
nurses in o
her theore
nursing
organize
approach.

10. Cecilia THEORY OF  She has a The impact of this This study will help This study revolves This study will help This the
Laurente NURSING publication study to the nursing reduce a patient’s around the nurse’s reduce a patient’s anxiety when a
PRACTICE entitled system is that the anxiety from the caring behavior, and from the health care knowledge
AND "Categorization results may be critically health care providers when nurses execute providers due to this setting.
CAREERSYNC of Nursing implied to the due to this theory this theory it will not theory that implies that worried
HRONICITY IN activities as teaching and practice that implies that a hinder or jeopardize a nurse’s caring behavior this theory
HUMAN– Observed in of nursing which will nurse’s caring behavior patient care and health is a significant variable on alleviate a
SPACE–TIME: Medical Surgical result to an is a significant variable patient care. student n
A THEORY OF Ward Unit in improvement on the on patient care. this theor
NURSINGENG Selected hospitals efficiency on student n
AGEMENT IN Government and taking care of patience skills and
GLOBAL Private Hospitals but also improve the people.
COMMUNITY in Metro patient’s health, welfare
Manila”, which and quality of life.
was conducted
from January to
June year1987.
 In the recent
study, she states
that the other
entry point of
helping the
patient is
through the
family, when
nurses can be of
great assistance
to prevent at the
 very beginning
serious
complications
11. Abraham Hierarchy of  The Hierarchy of Maslow's
Maslow Needs Theory Needs theory is useful org
a psychological that can b
theory that nursing m
explains human a patient9
motivation & need fo
based on the (Smeltzer
pursuit of
different levels
of needs.
 It was proposed
by Abraham
Maslow in 1943
and suggests
that people are
motivated to
fulfill basic
needs before
moving on to
more advanced
needs. The
hierarchy of
needs consists
of five groups:
physiological
needs, safety,
love and
belonging, self-
esteem, and
self-
actualization
12. Harry Stack Transactional  He focused on  Sulliv
Sulliivan Analysis the effects of theor
interpersonal interp
relationships for
and social schiz
experiences on  Inter
personality, propo
inner life, and deve
psychopatholoy conte
 Sullivan’s theory partic
emphasized the loss (
role of  He al
interpersonal and
relationships, psych
social
development,
and culture in
the formation of
personality. He
believed that
behavior is
motivated by
the need to
meet needs and
avoid anxiety
through
interactions with
others.
 Sullivan’s
principal
contribution to
personality
theory was his
conception that
personality is
shaped almost
entirely by the
relationships we
have with other
people.
13. Sigmund Psychosexual  This theory was  first,
Freud Theory of developed by comp
Development Sigmund Freud of co
(1856-1939) and
 This form
revolutionized perso
the influe
understanding expe
of mental life  Freud
and human unco
behavior partic
 Freud's theories basel
helped in comp
understanding beha
early  By
development of and
sexuality and a nu
mental begin
functioning in cause
the infant and  Fre
adult impo
psychological sessio
illnesses atten
focus
as a
heali
14. Erick Stages of   Appli
Erikson Psychosocial stage
Development deve
analy
symp
conte
expe
with
tasks
 When
resol
psych
been
comp
deve
oppo
deve
relati
thera
Newt
 The o
is no
confl
patie
each
sense
incre
and
capac
to his
the s
are
(Eriks
crisis
15. Jean Piaget Cognitive  Jean Piaget  In th
Development (1952-1980) was Piage
a Swiss to un
developmental perce
psychologist. inform
 He developed nurse
one of the most identi
comprehensive abiliti
theories of tailor
cognitive style
development. unde
 He explained abiliti
genetic nurse
epistemology, a care
concept which outco
refers to "study  Piage
of used
developmental progr
changes in the unde
process of abiliti
knowing and in nurse
the organization educ
of knowledge" are
patie
This
 more
impro
outco
 Over
of c
has m
nursi
unde
learn
inform
provi
impro
16. Lawrence Theory of  Lawrence  Kohlb
Kohlberg Moral Kohlberg (1927- deve
Development 1987) devised a to nu
theory in which ways
he explained the unde
six stages of mora
moral decis
development educ
divided into deve
three levels. unde
 Morality is the levels
system one uses deve
to decide what bette
is right and supp
wrong;  For
howone’s theor
conscience unde
affects choices. make
 Moral motiv
development help
refers to the care
capacity of the need
individual to act that
in accord with indiv
conscience and Additi
moral theor
imperatives unde
rather than ego impli
centric values. and
 Kohlberg defines This
moral bette
judgments "as bette
judgments of
value, as social
judgments, and
as judgments
that oblige an
individual to
take action.
 He was inspired
by Swiss
psychologist
Jean Piaget and
the American
philosopher
John Dewey.