BREEDING AND

DISEASE OF
DAIRY
ANIMALS
 INTRODUCTION
BREEDING - Application of genetic principles in
animal husbandry to improve desired qualities.
They consist of choosing the ideal trait, selecting
breeding stock, and determining the breeding
system.
DISEASE - A state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity. They may be linked to a
particular disease, or maybe a symptom as part
of a syndrome or even a consequence of a
medical procedure
 It's defined as the process of selecting
and mating dairy animals by breeding
goals that aim in changing the genetic
merit of the future.

Its main objective is to increse milk

DAIRY
production and to breed better
functional charecteristics.

BREEDING The main functional charecterisstics are:

milk yield
good feet
good udder
good teats
dairyness
body capacitu
METHODS OF
BREEDING
There are 2 main types of breeding:
Inbreeding
Outbreeding
IN BREEDING METHOD
Mating of closely related induviduals which
have one or more common ancestor or
relatives.

Mating is made
Close breeding between very closely
related individuals

TYPES
Repeating
backcrossing to one
Line breeding outstanding ancestor
 Undesirable recessive genes will be discovered and eliminated by
further testing in this line.
ADVANTAGES It increases homozygosity and decreases genetic variance.

Breaking down of population into different inbred lines.

They will be prone to diseases.

DISADVANTAGES Breeding problems and reproductive failure usually increase.

It depresses vitality in early life more than in later life.

OUT BREEDING METHOD
Mating unrelated animals

Pure breeding

Line crossing

TYPES Out crossing

Cross breeding

Grading up
PURE BREEDING
It is mating of male and female belonging to the
same breed.
It avoids mating of closely related individuals.

They are used in the production of bulls for pure

breeding purposes.

LINE CROSSING
Mating of inbreed lines more than 5 generations
from the unrelated line for the male and female

They exhibit heterosis or hybrid vigor which are

caused by the non-additive genetic effects.

They are safer program for improvement of

cross pollinated species.
OUT CROSSING
Mating of unrelated pure bred animals in the
same breed.
No common ancestors up to 4 to 6 generations

An effective system for genetic improvement.

Offsprings of such a mating are known as the
Outcross
Cross breeding
Mating of animals of different breeds.

The desirable characters of the parent are

transmitted to the progeny.

Mostly used to enhance the milk production

potential of the progeny.
GRADING UP
Sires of the exotic breed are mated with the non-
descript females

After 5 or 6 generations the exotic breed is shown

They avoid the callosal expenditure of exotic
female herd of animals they are carried by few
exotic bulls and the indigenous female animals.
FAMOUS COW BREEDS
JERSEY COW
They have tamed during the Stone Age 10000 years ago.
Jerseys are known to exist in the UK mainland since 1741
and were known as Alderney.

The Jersey breed is the second largest breed of dairy cattle

in the world. They have an ability to adapt to many kinds of
climates, environments and management practices.

They are found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, New

Zealand, South Africa, the USA, Zimbabwe, and the UK.

Jerseys produces high quality milk which is rich in protein

and minerals. It is also rich in color which is naturally
produced from carotene, an extract from grasses.
A true Jersey will have a black nose bordered by white
muzzle.

They are about 400 to 450kgs in weight and have hard black
feet which are less prone to lameness.

Jersey milk as a product contains- 18% more protein, 20%

more calcium, and 25% more butter fat than "average" milk.

Jerseys produces high quality milk which is rich in protein

and minerals. It is also rich in color which is naturally
produced from carotene, an extract from grasses.
SAHIWAL COW
The Sahiwal originated in the dry Punjab region which lies
along the Indian-Pakistani border.

Previously Sahiwals were used as dairy animals but now

they are used in Australia for beef production.

Their color can range from reddish brown to the shades of

red.

They are tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its

high resistance to parasites, both internal and external.

The Sahiwal is bred in Pakistan for its milk and in

Australia for its beef but they are also exported to Africa,
the Carribean, India and other parts of Asia.
KANGAYAM COW
The breeding tract of this breed is the Coimbatore, Erode,
Dindigul, Karur, and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu.

The breed is usually grey or white in color. The males are

generally grey in color

Dark eyes with black rings around them,horns are long and
strong. These are some prominent features of this breed.

They good capacity for work and are used for various
agricultural operations and for works like sugarcane load
hauling.