MAIR 12/ CSE B / JULY 2022

Linear Algebra and Calculus

Assignment-1
Marks awarded: 5-Marks.

1. Find all the eigenvalues and eigenvector for the following matrices
   
2 −2 2 2 1 0
i 1 1 1 ii 0 2 1
1 3 −1 0 0 2
 
3 1 4
2. For the given matrices, A = 0  2 6. Verify that the eigenvalues of A2 and A−1
0 0 5
are respectively the squares and reciprocals of the eigenvalues of A.

 
1 1 1
3. For the matrices A = 1 2 −3
2 −1 3

(a) Verify that the given matrix satisfy its own characteristic equation and
(b) find A−1 and A4 using Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

 
1 1 1
4. Diagonalize the matrix A =  0 2 1 by similarity transformation and also find
−4 4 3
4
A using similar matrices.

 
2 0 4
5. Diagonalize the matrix A = 0 6 0 by orthogonal transformation.
4 0 2

6. Reduce the following quadratic forms to a canonical form by orthogonal reduction.

Also find the rank, index, signature and the nature of the quadratic form.
i 2x21 + 5x22 + 3x23 + 4x1 x2
ii 8x21 + 7x22 + 3x23 − 12x1 x2 − 8x2 x3 + 4x3 x1

1
 7. P(F) = {a0 + a1 x + · · · + ak xk : a0 , a1 , · · · , an ∈ F and k ∈ N} be the set of all
polynomials whose coefficients are from the field F. Show that P(F) is a vector space
over the field F with the operations: suppose m ≤ n,
(a0 +a1 x+·+am xm )+(b0 +b1 x+· · ·+bn xn ) = (a0 +b0 )+(a1 +b1 )x+· · ·+(an +bn )xn ,
where am+1 = · · · = an = 0 and
α(a0 + a1 x + · + am xm ) = αa0 + αa1 x + · + αam xm .

8. Let V = {(a1 , a2 ) : a1 , a2 ∈ R}. For any (a1 , a2 ), (b1 , b2 ) ∈ V and α ∈ R,

(a1 , a2 ) + (b1 , b2 ) = (a1 + b1 , 0) and α(a1 , a2 ) = (αa1 , 0).
Show that V is not a vector space.
9. Let W1 and W2 be vector subspaces of V over F. show that W1 ∩ W2 is a vector
subspace of V .
10. Determine which of the following sets are subspaces of R3 .
(a) W1 = {(a1 , a2 , a3 ) ∈ R3 : αa1 + βa2 + γa3 = 0, α, β, γ ̸= 0}
(b) W2 = {(a1 , a2 , a3 ) ∈ R3 : a1 = a3 + 2}
11. Let V be a vector space. Show that if u and v are linearly independent vectors of V
then u + v and u − v are linearly independent vectors of V .
12. Find the basis and dimension of the following vector spaces.
(a) W1 = {(a1 , a2 , · · · , an ) ∈ Fn : ak = 0 if k is even}.
(b) Sn×n (F) be the set of all symmetric n × n matrices whose entries from the field
F.
13. Apply Gram-Schmidt process to obtain orthonormal basis for the following sets:
(a) {(1, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1)} in R3 .
R1
(b) {1, x, x2 } in P2 (R) with ⟨f, g⟩ = 0 f (t)g(t)dt.
     
3 5 −1 9 7 −17
(c) , , in M2×2 (R) with ⟨A, B⟩ = trace(B ∗ A),where
−1 1 5 −1 2 −6
A∗ = (a∗ij ) by (a∗ij ) = (aji ).
14. Show that T is a linear transformation and find the basis for N (T ) and R(T ). Also
verify Rank-Nullity Theorem.
(a) T : Mm×n (F) → Mn×m (F) defined by T (A) = AT .
 
f (1) − f (2) 0
(b) T : P2 (R) → M2×2 (R) defined by T (f (x)) = .
0 f (0)
(c) T : R2 → R3 defined by T (a1 , a2 ) = (a1 + a2 , 0, a1 − a2 ).
 
a b
15. T : M2×2 (R) → P2 (R) defined by T = (a + b) = (2d)x + bx2 . Let β and γ be
c d
the standard basis of M2×2 (R) and P2 (R) respectively. Compute [T ]γβ .
16. T : R2 → R3 defined by T (a1 , a2 ) = (a1 − a2 , a1 , 2a1 + a2 ). Let β = {(1, 2), (2, 3)}
and γ = {(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1), (2, 2, 3)}. Compute [T ]γβ .