CODES OF PRACTICE & BUILDING BYE-LAWS

AP 324

UNIT 01: BYE LAWS

Faculty:
Sajida Shahnum
Architect - Planner
 UNDERSTANDING THE HIERARCHY
URDPFI Guidelines (National Level) RDPFI Guidelines (National Level)
REGIONAL PLAN (Regional Level)
For ex: National Capital Regional Plan

REGIONAL URBAN RURAL

REGION
Different spatial scales

URBAN RURAL
Provides a vision for the future MASTER PLAN (Urban Area Level)
development along with For ex: Master Plan of Delhi (MPD)
Development Control Regulations.
URBAN PRECINCT ZONAL PLANS (Urban Area Level)
For ex: Zonal Development Plan for Zone
K-II (Dwarka)

LANDSCAPE SITE LEVEL

Development Control Regulations
(DCR) is another name for Bye-Laws
ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING BYE LAWS (Urban Area Level)
For ex: Unified Building Bye laws in Delhi
• Guidelines or certain restrictions for
INTERIOR uncontrollable/ haphazard development.
NATIONAL BUILDING CODES (National Level)
• Document containing standardized requirement for the
design & construction of most types of building.
• Requirements and standards to protect people from
unsafe living and working conditions.

Volume 01 Volume 02
PRODUCT MODEL BUILDING BYE LAWS (National Level): Part 0 - 6 Part 7 - 12
A reference document for formulating building bye laws
 L:2 L:32
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE Per Week Per Semester
Course Objectives

UNIT 01
Introduction to Building Bye-Laws What are building bye laws, the need of building bye laws, Types of bye-
laws, building control laws for elevation control, zoning bye laws, height controls etc.

UNIT 02
National Building Codes and Services, types and importance of National Building codes, Difference between
NBC and building byelaws, Bye laws related to fire safety, HVAC and services.

UNIT 03
Delhi Building Bye-Laws and modified Building Bye-Laws Comprehensive study of Building Bye-laws relating to
the strength and stability of structures, bye-laws relating to light and ventilation, sanitation and Buildings.

UNIT 04
Implications of Development Controls Role of Development Authorities and Municipal Corporations
COURSE PLAN/ SUBMISSION SCHEDULE
COURSE PLAN/ SUBMISSION SCHEDULE
INTRODUCTION TO THE TERMS

CODES OF PRACTICE

• A code of practice is a set of written rules which explains how people working in a particular profession
should behave.

• A code of practice is a written guideline that is set out by a professional association in order to guide its
members toward compliance with the appropriate ethical standards.

BYE LAWS

• A by-law (bye-law, by(e)law, by(e) law) is a rule or law established by an organization or community to
regulate itself, as allowed or provided for by some higher authority.

• By-laws may be established by entities such as a business corporation, a neighborhood association, or

depending on the jurisdiction, a municipality.

• In fact, bye-laws are the recognition of the society or the identify of the society and give the directions and
guidelines, which the society is heading towards.
 WHAT ARE BUILDING BYE LAWS (DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS)

• Building bye laws are defined as the standards & specifications designed to grant minimum safeguards to the workers
during construction, to the health & comfort of the users to provide enough safety to the public in general.

• These are the laws or guidelines or certain restrictions laid down by Municipal bodies, Urban development authorities
and other Government departments as town planning trusts.

• The regulation set out the basic requirements to be observed in the design and construction of buildings.

• APPLICABILITY: They are applied to new buildings and also to extensions, material alterations, and certain changes of
use of existing buildings.

• Bye laws usually differs from state to state and these are framed by the state Government/ Municipal Corporation/
Municipal Committee.

• Primary Considerations are:

Public health & Construction Usage of Hazardous Fire Safety Energy Accessibility
Safety Requirements materials Conservation
WHY DO WE NEED BYE LAWS (PURPOSE)

• Mode of Construction varies from region to other region depending upon motive of owners, availability of
materials, labour, construction and weather conditions.

• If certain rules and regulations are not made, house owner may construct residential buildings as per his
wish which may or may not be suitable for the overall future development of that certain area.

• In the absence of building bye-laws, cities will be confronted with excessive coverage, encroachment and
haphazard development resulting in chaotic conditions, inconvenience for the users and disregard for
building aesthetics.

• Building bye-laws also govern the provisions for open spaces in a project, with the aim to ensure that
developments do not turn the city into a concrete jungle.

• Building bye-laws also contain rules to ensure that there is minimum harm to the environment, as a result
of developments.
WHY DO WE NEED BYE LAWS (PURPOSE cont.…)

• As construction activities involve a lot of aspects that might be harmful or disturbing for those living in
the surrounding areas, checks are also put in place, to keep such disturbances to their lowest level.

• Harmful levels of dust accumulation, health hazards, structural failure, risk of fire and high level of noise,
are some of the aspects that builders need to take care of, throughout the construction cycle.

• Machines used at the site can also emit radiations that are harmful to our health and the environment.
To minimize the impact, buildings have to make efforts to mitigate electro-magnetic radiations in built
spaces, by identifying appliances and sources of such emissions.

• Hence, it is imperative to maintain and implement the bye laws to provide proper ventilation, privacy,
security, and safety etc.
OBJECTIVES OF BYE LAWS
• Allows disciplined and systematic growth of buildings and towns and prevent haphazard development.

• Protect safety of public against fire, noise, health hazards and structural failures.

• Provide proper utilisation of space. Hence, maximum efficiency in planning can be derived from these bye laws.

• They give guidelines to the architect or an engineer in effective planning and useful in preplanning the building

activities.

• They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in buildings.

• Due to these bye-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation which are essential for

health, safety and comfort.

• To stop the unfavorable demand and misuse of land.

• To assist private interest along with public interest in all phases of development.
OBJECTIVES OF BYE LAWS
• Development control is legal in nature and the planning authority has the power to punish the defaulters.

• To control and limit overcrowding on land.

• To control the private development as per the required rules in connection to public safety, health, and

convenience.

• The building bye-laws stop reckless development without any similarity to the development of the area as a whole.

• To give open spaces, noise, air breeze, smoke, and manage safety against fire, etc.

• It becomes more accessible to pre-plan the building activities and provisions of bye-laws, give directions to the

designing architect or engineer.

• Material types of control.

REGULATORY PARAMETERS | CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
TYPES OF BUILDING BYE LAWS (ASPECTS COVERED)

Area and usage:

• Plot Area/ Site Area • Carpet Area • Plinth Area/ Built-up Area • Super Built-up Area

• Floor Area • Set Back Area

Floor Area = total usable area + Wall thickness
Carpet Area = Total floor area – Area of external walls
Built up Area = carpet area + Area of walls
Super Built-up Area = Built up area + Common amenities area (For ex. Shopping Complex)

Building Height: Vertical distance from the grade level at the main entrance to the top of the parapet that
comprises the majority of the perimeter of the building for a flat roof; to the deck line of a mansard roof; and to
the mean height between eaves and ridges for gable, hip, and gambrel roofs.

Building Coverage: Amount of land covered or permitted to be covered by a building or buildings, usually
measured in terms of percentage of a parcel.
REGULATORY PARAMETERS | CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
TYPES OF BUILDING BYE LAWS (ASPECTS COVERED)

Floor Area Ratio / Floor space index

The floor area ratio is the relationship between the total amount of usable floor
area that a building has, or has been permitted to have, and the total area of the
lot on which the building stands. It is the ratio between the total built-up area
and the plot area available. It is authorized by the government for a particular
locality. It principally describes the ratio of the total covered area of construction
to the total plot size. It is sometimes termed as floor space compensation ratio
(FSR), floor area ratio (FAR), site ratio or plot ratio. FSI rules are usually based on
the National Building Code.

Setbacks & Projections

REGULATORY PARAMETERS | CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
TYPES OF BUILDING BYE LAWS (ASPECTS COVERED)

Parking Facilities:
There is a specified space for parking in residential, commercial and educational institutions as per the set laws in
different States. However, as per the norms, the ideal parking size should be a minimum of 2.5 x 5.5 sq.m. (Motor
Vehicle), 1.2-3 sq.m. (2 Wheeler), 3.75 x 7.5 sq.m. (Transport Vehicle).

Fire provisions with respect to staircase and exits

Basement facilities

Green spaces
NOTE: REFER ASSIGNMENT 01 FOR
Open spaces DEFINITIONS OF THE TERMS
Amenities in the project

Provision for elevators

REGULATORY PARAMETERS | CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
TYPES OF BUILDING BYE LAWS (ASPECTS COVERED)

Density NOTE: REFER ASSIGNMENT 01 FOR

Building Line
DEFINITIONS OF THE TERMS

Sewerage facilities

Provision for water

Provision for power supply

Provision for waste management

Rainwater harvesting

Barrier-free environment

Safety provisions

Effects of communication technology

MODEL BUILDING BYE LAWS

The Town and Country Planning Organisation Ministry of Urban Development have devised a circular called “Model
Building Bye-Laws - 2016” which states the regulatory mechanism and engineering parameters to keep in mind
before starting any construction project in India. Many states in India, experience unauthorised constructions and
building hazards due to absence of bye-laws. While states can form their own building bye-laws, Model Building
Bye-Laws - 2016 acts as a standard for construction and a direction for states to devise their own rules for
construction.

The first version of model building by-laws was prepared in 2003 by the Ministry of Urban Development when they
incorporated provisions of structural safety, fire safety and barrier-free public buildings. The Bye-Laws were circulated
to all state governments and union territories and out of 36 states and UTs, 22 have taken comprehensive revision in
their respective building bye-laws since 2004.

The bye-laws were later revised in 2015 in light of emerging issues such as sanitation facilities for visitors in public
areas, conservation of heritage buildings and barrier-free environment for disabled, elderly and children.
 MODEL BUILDING BYE LAWS 2016 – FEATURES

The circular issued in 2016, includes the following new provisions.

1.Green Building and Sustainable provisions - Rainwater harvesting, wastewater reuse, installation of solar rooftop PV
rooms.

2.Provisions for disabled, elderly and children - Access path/ walkway, toilet, parking, drinking water, stairways, lifts,
refuge and designing for children safety.

3.Structural safety and security - Includes disaster management guidelines for different building types. Prevention
measure against ‘soft storeys’ in multi-storey buildings and proof checking of structural designs.

4.High rise building regulation - Structural safety requirements for high rise buildings, open spaces, building
components, services and fire safety parameters.

5.Swachh Bharat Mission - Revised regulations for adequate toilet facilities for women and public conveniences such
as separate public toilets for visitors in public buildings.

6.Rain water Harvesting - Provision for harvesting rainwater in different types of buildings and responsibilities for
Urban Local Bodies (ULB) in public spaces. Includes rainwater harvesting techniques, provision for open spaces,
enforcement and monitoring.
 MODEL BUILDING BYE LAWS 2016 – FEATURES

7. Communication technology - Provision for effects of electromagnetic radiations in built spaces by identifying
emissions and sources.

8. Conservation of heritage sites - States the responsibilities for owners of heritage buildings regarding repairs,
restrictions on development, preservation of the beauty of the area and penalties.

9. Special requirements for occupancy/land development - Includes provisions for industrial and commercial
buildings regarding the development of land, building in the mining area, poultry farms and penal action for
violation of the master plan.

10. Ease of doing business - Introduce provision for online building plan approval process, generation of
reports/approvals, automatic generation of the completion certificate, clearance of master plans and integration of
a “Single Window” process for users.

11. Building plans approval - Includes different bodies in charge for clearance of building plans before construction
such as Urban Art Commission (UAC), National Monuments Authority (NMA), Airports Authority of India (AAI),
Metro Rail Corporation (MRC), Heritage Conservation Committee (HCC), etc. to grant No Objection Certificate
(NOC)/ approvals on the proposed building plans to the local bodies. Moreover, the clearance of the master plan
from different bodies is required.
ZONING BYE LAWS: INTRODUCTION
City-wide regulations on land use; size, height, location and use of buildings and structures; and parking and
loading spaces.

Zoning laws are laws of local municipal governments or other local authorities that dictate the use of land and constru
of buildings. In zoning, authorities divide areas of land in to different zones where different land use patterns are enfo

Zoning laws exist in most parts of the world. Zoning restrictions are intended to prevent certain patterns of land use in
neighborhoods. For instance, zoning laws may prevent a commercial outlet from operating in a residential area.

Zoning law, in some regions, also restrict the height of buildings through stipulating an upper ceiling on the floor space
on a certain area of land.

Zoning laws may also stipulate the green spaces, building density, the usage of lots and the types of businesses allowed
certain region.
Zoning laws may also restrict the number of pets, and the type of animals a household can own. For instance, in an urb
residential area, zoning restrictions may not allow cows or buffaloes as pets but, in a rural area they may.
ZONING BYE LAWS: DEFINITION, CONCEPT & OBJECTIVES
ZONING BYE LAWS: CLASSIFICATION OF LAND USE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN: BUILDING BYE LAWS & ZONING BYE LAWS