Biology

8
Prokaryote Cell Structure

·
three domains of life
1 Bacteria

3
.

2 Archaea
.
Common Ancestor (unicellular)
.
3 Eulhavya
Ribosomes cytoplasm

↑
↑
11 I

i
,
1111111111 cell wall
-

=
-

capsule
I

.
"
-

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

I

I
- - >
I

in
@ >

t
Flagellum

8
/
S
->
⑧
3
I

· ⑧
-
/

1
,
Nucleoid

↓ Jalasmid
Dili

1 Plasma membrane semi-permeable double

.
:
barrier that encloses the cell from the environment .
Regulates the movement of
,

substances in and out , maintaining homeostatis

2 .

Cytoplasm gel-like :

substance within the cell membrane .

Protects organells

. Nucleoid irregularly shaped region

3 :

that contains prokaryotes' genetic information (DNA) single circular chromosome of DNA

4 . Ribosomes :

Contain RNA and Proteins Responsible for protein synthesis

.

, translating genetic information to amino a cids

Ribosomes in prokaryots are
typically 70s

5 Cell wall the cell membrane Provides structural support

rigid layer surrounding
:

.
.
.

.
6 Capsule :
outer layer that surrounds the cell wall .

Slimy and gel-like material .

Used for protection

7 .

Flagella long :

tail like organell that is involved in cell movement and

motility
8 Pili thin hair-like structures that
.
:

are involved in a
variety of functions , adhesion to surfaces ,
DNATransfer ,
and
cell-to-cell communication

Ulharyote Cell Structure

nucleus
-
.
... -

1 .
Nucleus : Surrounded by double membrane with pores contains the
, ,

External
DNA ........
↓

. - -nuclear pores
-

nuclear envelop

2 Cell membrane layer that protects the cell from the

intered
:

external environment by controlling what goes in and out of the cell

External

3
. Cytoplasm gel-like substance , contains organelles
:

Esmoon
outer membrane

fig-
-

4 .
Mitrochondria :

generates ATP Cenergy for the cell ->

inner membrane

intermembrane space

5 Endplasmic Reticulum Protein synthesis , calcium

.
:

storage engine intered resumes reresearchers nee a armem

6 .
Golgi apparatus flatened :

membrane sac .

modifying , sorting , and packaging proteins and lipids for transport men

7 .

Lysosomes :

contains digestive
enzymes recycle ,
cellular waste

8 .
Vacuoles Storage
:
of water
,
nutrients, waste products ,

outer
membrane
.

Chloroplasts energy-
L
inermembrane
9 plant cells ,
in convert light into chemical
:

10 . Ribosomes :
RNA & Proteins protein synthesis
, ,
translation of mRNA

11 .
Vesicles transport
:

material within or out of the cell

12 .
Centrioles Assemble
:
microtubes for the Spindle in mitosis