ToolingU

Additive Manufacturing
Introduction to Additive Manufacturing 111

How do STL files represent the complex, smooth surfaces of a CAD model? STL files A series of separately
represent CAD models as: defined triangles.

What additive manufacturing method involves depositing droplets of an adhesive Binder jetting
material into a powdered material to create a part?

What additive manufacturing method involves sintering granulated material to create a Powder bed fusion
part? (PBF)

What type of AM post-processing includes sanding a part to improve its appearance and Abrasive finishing
tolerance?

What important information does an AM G code file contain? The necessary

toolpaths to create each
layer of a part.

What term refers to manufacturers using AM as an intermediary step during a traditional Secondary process
manufacturing operation?

What did manufacturers first use additive manufacturing for when it emerged in the Rapid prototyping
1980s?

What AM material is available in filaments, liquids, and powders and used in material Polymer
extrusion and material jetting?

What unique AM feature can help reduce a part’s weight while improving its strength and Lattice structures
fatigue resistance?

When do industry experts expect AM will become a $26.6 billion industry? 2027

Which of the following links together computers and additive manufacturing machines Computer networking
using cables or a wireless router?

What is a disadvantage of additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing: Reduces quality

assurance.

What type of AM layer construction method involves creating an entire layer at once? 2D channel

What is one potential advantage of using a larger, more expensive AM machine over a The ability to create
smaller machine? high-quality end-use
parts.

How does traditional manufacturing differ from additive manufacturing? Traditional Shapes or removes
manufacturing: material to create a final
part.

What solid modeling tool do engineers use to create 3D part models for AM? Computer-aided design
(CAD)

What removable AM components fortify an AM part as it is built? Support structures

Additive Manufacturing Safety 121
What part of a Hazard Communication Standard label describes how to protect against Precautionary
exposure and other hazards? statements

What type of ventilation system can be used to extract and clean air from a small area? Fume extractor

Which of the following is one of the required categories on a safety data sheet? Hazards identification

What should operators use to clean up any liquid photopolymer spills? Absorbent materials

What is one of the potential hazards of an overloaded circuit? Overloaded circuits can: Overheat and spark.

What type of personal protective equipment protects operators from inhaling fumes, Respirator
gases, and other airborne hazards?

What additive manufacturing post-processing operation smooths the surface finish of the Filing
part and requires a dust mask and gloves?

Which of the following statements describes additive manufacturing? Additive Building parts through
manufacturing is the process of: the stacking of
successive layers of
material.

What component is used to visually warn operators that a machine is under service and Tagout device
should remain off?

Which of the following additive manufacturing procedures would likely require the operator Carrying metal
to wear steel-toed boots? powder or parts from
one location to
another.

What type of radiation hazard is caused by the light used to cure liquid photopolymers? Ultraviolet radiation

What should operators do before attempting to clean an additive manufacturing machine? De-energize the
Operators should: machine.

Which additive manufacturing method involves cutting a thin layer of material and then Sheet lamination
fusing that with other layers?

What type of safety equipment can be used to help prevent operators from building up a Antistatic mats
slight electrical charge, which could light a pyrophoric material on fire?
The Basic Additive Manufacturing Process 131
What is an important step when taking a part out of the granulated material used in binder Removing the powder with
jetting and powder bed fusion (PBF) machines? a brush and vacuum.

What materials does a material extrusion machine dispense when building composite parts Carbon fiber and polymer
with high strength-to-weight ratios?

Which AM method would be the best choice for creating a prototype with material gradation? Material jetting

What do engineers or operators often select when converting an STL file to a build file? Build parameters

How do engineers use computer-aided design (CAD) in an AM operation? Engineers use CAD Create a digital
to: three-dimensional model of a
part.

Which of the following statements best describes the effect an AM part's application has on End-use applications
its design? AM parts designed for use in: require higher tolerances
and specific features.

Which AM process involves layering heated build material as it is forced through a nozzle onto Material extrusion
a build platform?

What is one way operators can begin the process of running an AM machine? Transferring the build file
to the machine.

What is the first step of a basic additive manufacturing operation? Creating the CAD model.

Which of the following do operators commonly perform while setting up an AM machine? During setup, Load build materials.
operators level the build platform and:

What procedure must a build plate undergo before it can be reused after a metal AM process? Resurfacing

What is additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing is the process of: Building a part through the
successive layering of material.

Which of the following complexities would allow an engineer to design moving features, such Functional complexity
as joints, directly into an AM part build?

What post-processing procedure can reduce the visibility of an AM part's layer lines? Abrasive finishing

When would an engineer select an expensive, high-performing metal alloy as an AM build End-use part for an
material? An engineer would use an expensive metal alloy when building a(n): aerospace application.

Which computer file represents a three-dimensional (3D) part model as a series of STL file
interconnected triangles?

What step does an operator perform after a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) machine Removes excess powder.
completes a part build? The operator:

Which AM method involves dispensing an adhesive material onto layers of granulated build Binder jetting
material?
Additive Manufacturing Methods and Materials 141
What vat photopolymerization process displays an entire image of a part layer on to the Digital light processing
surface of a photopolymer?

What is an advantage associated with material jetting? Post-processing steps to

cure build material are
unnecessary.

What AM method uses a focused heat source to melt and fuse metal materials as they are Directed energy
deposited on a base? deposition

Which of the following statements about material extrusion is true? Material extrusion: Requires support
material to provide
stability to parts with
disconnected features.

Which of the following is a hybrid sheet lamination process that uses vibrations to bond Ultrasonic consolidation
together layers of metal foil?

What may occur if a directed energy deposition (DED) process uses metal powders produced Final part may fail to
by water atomization rather than gas atomization? meet its specifications.

What AM method deposits a liquid adhesive onto very thin layers of powdered build material? Binder jetting

Which of the following disadvantages is associated with material extrusion? Higher resolution parts
require longer build
times.

What is a disadvantage associated with vat photopolymerization? Vat photopolymerization: Uses build materials that
are weaker than other
AM build materials.

Which of the following types of build material would be used in material extrusion? Thermoplastics

Which AM method builds part layers by exposing build material to radiation emitted by light? Vat photopolymerization

How does bottom-up printing differ from top-down printing? In bottom-up printing, a: Transparent optical
window allows oxygen to
pass into the vat and
create a dead zone.

How does powder bed fusion build part layers? Powder bed fusion builds part layers by: Using focused thermal energy
to selectively fuse powdered
build materials.

What AM method builds parts by using an adhesive, heat, or pressure to bond together thin Sheet lamination
layers of material?

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with directed energy deposition? Newly deposited material
may vary in
microstructure from the
base material.

Which of the following is an advantage of using sintering powder bed fusion (PBF) processes? Better tolerances and
Compared to melting PBF processes, sintering PBF processes make parts that have: surface finishes.

Which powder bed fusion (PBF) method can use polymer, ceramic, or composite build Selective laser sintering
materials? (SLS)

Which of the following statements about additive manufacturing (AM) is true? Additive Creates parts by joining
manufacturing: together layers of
material.

What is a disadvantage associated with binder jetting? Binder jetting: Creates fragile parts that
have a grainy surface
finish.

Which of the following statements about material jetting build materials is true? Material Require exposure to
jetting build materials: ultraviolet light in order to
harden and solidify.

Introduction to Hybrid Manufacturing 151

Which of the following is an advantage of performing additive and subtractive manufacturing Faster production
processes on a single hybrid machine rather than on separate machines? speeds

Which of the following combines additive and subtractive manufacturing methods on one Hybrid machining
machine? center

In a hybrid manufacturing workflow, which process builds a net shape part before an additive Forming
process builds the final part features?

Which manufacturing process is most often combined with additive manufacturing in hybrid Cutting
additive manufacturing applications?

Hybrid additive manufacturing is advantageous for the medical equipment and aerospace Customized shapes
industries because of its ability to produce which of the following? with specific
dimensions.

Which of the following best describes the unique design capabilities of an all-in-one hybrid Highly accurate parts
additive manufacturing (AM) machine? A hybrid AM machine can produce: made of multiple
materials.

Which additive manufacturing process feeds metal powder through a nozzle and melts it with a Directed energy
thermal energy source to build part layers? deposition

Which of the following is additive manufacturing most effective at producing? Complex geometric
designs
Rapid Prototyping 161
Which of the following is a challenge associated with rapid prototyping? Unlike traditional Using support
manufacturing and prototyping, rapid prototyping often includes: structures.

Which of the following terms describes the initial design stage for manufacturing? Conceptualization

Which statement best describes how additive manufacturing creates a physical object? AM: Adds or fuses
layers of material
together.

What term describes the rapid prototyping process of trying and testing different variations to a Iterative design
part before putting it into production?

Why is it necessary to convert a CAD model to an STL file when producing a rapid prototype? STL Incompatible with
files are: AM software.

Which of the following statements about third-party rapid prototyping is true? Compared to Avoids expensive
in-house processes, third-party rapid prototyping: up-front costs like
purchasing
machines.

What process may use additive manufacturing to replace traditional materials, such as Lightweighting
substituting metal bumpers with carbon fiber?

Additive Manufacturing: Prototype to Production 162

What does iterative design repeatedly test? Iterative design repeatedly tests: Prototypes.

What type of material standard did ISO and ASTM develop for additive manufacturers? Grades for
aluminum and
titanium.

Which of the following describes additive manufacturing (AM) production uses? AM: Can make low-cost
tooling for
traditionally made
products.

Why do additively manufactured (AM) end-use products require different inspection methods May have complex
than traditionally manufactured parts? AM parts: internal structures.

What term is used to describe additively-manufactured parts and products used directly by the End-use
consumer?

What is sheet lamination? Sheet lamination: Forms an object by

bonding layers of
material together.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of creating parts with additive manufacturing (AM)? AM Need for specialized,
may cause a(n): functional training.
Design for Additive Manufacturing 201
What is the biggest design challenge when using a particular AM machine or process? Most AM machines
can only create parts
from one category of
material.

What AM process uses a laser beam to melt powered metal or metal wire and deposit it Direct energy
directly on the build platform in layers. deposition

Which term describes AM’s ability to quickly modify a generic part design to serve a specific Mass customization
customer or application?

What is the biggest design limitation for mainstream AM parts? Part size

What is an implicit model? An implicit model is a(n): AM model that maps

all the points in the
interior of a part.

What is the term used to describe the series of unconnected reference dots created when Point cloud
scanning a part using a reverse-engineering tool, such as laser scanning or touch-probe
technology?

Which of the following is a common AM post-processing procedure where a rough material is Abrasive finishing
used to remove the outer surface of a part and improve surface finish?

What is one advantage end-use AM parts provide the aerospace industry? Reduced weight

In addition to creating a complete AM part, what other operations can DED be used for in a Cladding a
manufacturing operation? DED can be used for: traditionally
manufactured part.

What AM process involves heating a material so it can be drawn through a nozzle and layered Material extrusion
on a build platform to create a part?

What term refers to AM's ability to vary the type and composition of material at different places Gradation
in a part?

What AM output file represents the 3D part model as a series of triangles so that it can be STL files
broken down into layers and built by the machine?

What term refers to the ability to create model parts for testing at an accelerated rate? Rapid prototyping

What concept describes how well a part can perform a specific task directly after being Functional complexity
manufactured?

Traditional manufacturing has the greatest impact on the design phase in which step? Production

In addition to setting layer thickness, what is the other common consideration for setting up an Selecting correct
AM machine? build materials.
 In addition to drawing the part, what is another important CAD modeling feature? Another Select part resolution.
important CAD modeling feature is the ability to:

Which of the following statements is true of the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) AM Produces strong
process? DMLS: metal parts that
require extensive
post-processing.

What term describes the build position of a part or parts during an AM process? Part orientation

What is one of the advantages of AM from a manufacturing point of view? From a Reduce waste.
manufacturing perspective, AM helps:

Which of the following is an example of part integration using AM processes? Creating a larger unified part in
place of a series of smaller parts
that would then be combined.

What is additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing is a process by which: Parts are created using machines
that successively layer various
types of material.

What removable components on an AM part help reinforce the part while it is Support structures
under construction?

Additive Manufacturing Materials Science 211

What physical property describe a material's ability to withstand the effects of exposure to Corrosion
water, oxygen, and other environmental elements? resistance

What mechanical property measures a material's ability to resist being scratched or dented? Hardness

Which of the following statements about polymer microstructure is true? Polymer Hundreds or
macromolecules consist of: thousands of
repeating
monomers.

Which of the following AM processes can use metal powders? Directed energy
deposition

What composite’s matrix material is made from compounds such as carbides and metal Ceramic matrix
oxides? composites

What process produces irregularly shaped, tough metal powders that have a relatively high Water atomization
impurity and surface-oxygen content?

What type of polymer is exclusively used in material jetting and vat photopolymerization AM Thermoset
processes? polymers

What type of commonly used metal is exceedingly strong due to high carbon levels? Tool steels
 Which statement about composite selection for AM processes is true? Composites: Exhibit improved
mechanical
properties
horizontally but not
vertically.

What type of thermosets are designed to mimic the properties of other polymers? Proprietary

Which of the following statements about additive manufacturing is true? Additive Uses various
manufacturing: materials, including
polymers, metals,
ceramics, and
composites.

What type of crystal structure consisting of one atom at a cube's center and an atom at each Body-centered cubic
corner often results in a hard metal?

What metal property do manufacturers often adjust by using heat treatments such as Hardness
annealing, quenching, and tempering?

What common AM superalloy group balances tensile, creep, and rupture strength as well as Nickel-based
exhibits excellent heat, fatigue, and corrosion resistance? superalloys

What type of bond holds thermoplastic molecules together? Secondary bond

What property describes a polymer that can stretch and return to its original shape in the short Viscoelasticity
term but will flow and lose its shape over longer time durations?

What type of nonferrous alloy has a high strength-to-weight ratio making it ideal for use in Aluminum alloy
automotive and aerospace applications?

What process initiates cross-linking between thermoset molecule chains? Curing

What mechanical property do ceramics possess at higher levels that surpass those of steels? Hardness

Integrating Additive Manufacturing with Traditional Manufacturing 221

What is one benefit of using AM exclusively as a rapid prototyping tool for a Reduces monetary
traditional manufacturing operation? Using AM for rapid prototyping: investment.

What term refers to costs related to the overall industrial operation, such as overhead, Manufacturing system costs
distribution, and product development costs?

What is one of the greatest advantages of additive manufacturing? AM processes allow for an
increased focus on part
functionality.

How can manufacturers using powder bed fusion processes with metal reduce the Select a distortion-resistant
chances of thermal distortion? Manufacturers can: alloy.
Which of the following is an example of part integration? Part integration includes Streamline a design by
using AM to: connecting disparate
components into a single,
unified part.

What tool is used to create the 3D digital models that will be physically produced by Computer-aided design
an AM machine? (CAD) software

What is a unique role engineers have in an AM mass customization operation? Continually update CAD
Engineers: models based on user
specifications.

What AM process involves pressing heated material through a nozzle to stack that Material extrusion
material in layers and create a part?

Which of the following statements about the production costs associated with Some AM processes can
integrating an AM process with a traditional manufacturing operation is true? decrease production costs
through lights-out
manufacturing.

What is a benefit of creating jigs and fixtures using an AM process? AM can create Minimal assembly
jigs and fixtures with: requirements.

What type of AM part may just require support structure removal and abrasive An end-use part created with
finishing as post-processing procedures? directed energy deposition.

What does upskilling machine operators for AM processes primarily involve? How to correctly run an AM
Upskilling machine operators for AM processes primarily involves teaching them: machine.

What is one effect AM has on product development time? Compared with traditional Reduce product development
manufacturing, AM processes: time through rapid
prototyping.

What is one safety device that AM machine operators can use to avoid inhaling Respirator
hazardous fumes?

What term describes using a traditional manufacturing method, such as milling, on an Hybrid manufacturing
additively manufactured part in a single machine?

Why is it important to limit the number of support structures and place them Can cause defects when they
strategically? Support structures: are removed.

Which of the following is a key drawback of traditional machining? Machine limitations prevent
engineers from maximizing
part complexity.

Which of the following is an example of AM mass customization? Producing a small-batch run

of industrial parts for an
automotive manufacturer.

When using AM as a secondary process, what AM part is used to create the molds Patterns
that are used in traditional manufacturing operations, such as silicon molding?
 What type of AM parts are designed to be used by a consumer or as a part added to a End-use
larger assembly by a separate manufacturer?

What are some of the adjustments traditional manufacturers will have to make to their Purchasing new tools and
operation when incorporating AM? updating safety protocols.

Additive Manufacturing as a Secondary Process 231

Which of the following is a burr-free process that is capable of quickly producing Conventional EDM
small and fragile complex parts due to its lack of cutting forces?

Which of the following processes uses a flexible, but firm, reusable mold to produce Silicone molding
complex and detailed plastic parts?

Which of the following is an advantage associated with using AM as a secondary Offer greater design
process? Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, AM processes: freedom.

Which of the following is an example of a product that using AM as a secondary Patterns and molds for
process would produce? casting processes

What aspect of powder bed fusion reduces the chance that investment casting molds Creates partially hollow
will develop cracks? Powder bed fusion: patterns that implode
during dewaxing.

Which of the following processes uses sacrificial molds to produce highly complex, Investment casting
detailed parts out of almost any ferrous or nonferrous metal?

Which of the following statements about using AM as a secondary process for Material jetting processes
silicone molding is true? can build reusable master
patterns out of strong, heat
resistant materials.

Which of the following processes produce exceedingly strong parts by adding Composite molding
multiple layers of reinforcement material to an open mold?

Which of the following casting processes is associated with less expensive Sand casting
production costs compared to other casting processes?

Which of the following AM methods can manufacturers use to significantly reduce Direct metal laser sintering
tooling costs associated with die repair expenses?

Which of the following processes creates a part by applying low-levels of pressure to Thermoforming
force flat, plastic sheets around an aluminum mold?

What is one way that manufacturers use AM as a secondary process in composite Material extrusion to build
molding? Manufacturers use: soluble thermoplastic
cores.
 Which of the following statements about AM use in sheet metal forming processes is Create polymer molds
true? AM processes can: capable of withstanding the
high pressures of sheet
metal forming.

Which of the following statements about using AM as a secondary process for sand Binder jetting can directly
casting is true? build sacrificial sand molds
without the use of a pattern.

Which of the following processes uses a pumping system to quickly inject molten Die casting
metal into a reusable steel mold?

Which of the following statements about AM-created EDM electrodes is true? Unlike Are able to simultaneously
traditionally manufactured EDM electrodes, AM-created electrodes: machine multiple workpiece
cavities.

Which of the following statements about AM use in applications that rely on Reduce costs associated
customized workholding devices is true? AM processes can: with making jigs and
fixtures that feature
interlocking components.

Reverse Engineering for Additive Manufacturing 242

What effect can dust or dirt particles cause in the reverse engineering process? Dirt or Create noise or scatter
flaws on an object can: during optical scanning.

Why may someone working in a remote area use reverse engineering with additive Is often faster and less
manufacturing(AM)? Reverse engineering with AM on a remote worksite: expensive than shipping.

Why would manufacturers use reverse engineering when they first adopt additive Can be used to update or
manufacturing (AM)? Reverse engineering: enhance existing designs
for advanced AM
capabilities.

What process allows someone to determine how an existing object was made? Reverse engineering

After scanning a part to create a point cloud, what is the next step in the reverse Converting the point
engineering process? cloud to a mesh.

Which of the following is a type of mesh file that represents a part as interconnected STL
triangles?

Which scanning tool relies on the distortion of light to detect an object’s shape and Laser scanner
geometry?

Which type of digital file is created when first scanning an object to reverse-engineer it? Point cloud
Hybrid Manufacturing with Directed Energy Deposition 261

How do hybrid directed energy deposition (DED) methods create net-shape parts? Post-processing.
Hybrid DED creates net-shape parts by combining DED with:

Which additive manufacturing technology is most commonly used in hybrid additive Directed energy deposition
manufacturing?

What feature of some computer numerical control (CNC) machines can allow a DED Five-axis machining
deposition head to access parts from multiple angles and create overhanging
features?

What directed energy deposition (DED) method for hybrid DED uses traditional welding Wire arc additive
tools? manufacturing

Which machine tool uses a deposition head in a live tooling setup for hybrid directed Lathe
energy deposition (DED) processes?

Which of the following is difficult to create using standard directed energy deposition Overhanging features
(DED)?

In order to add additional features to a part using hybrid directed energy deposition, Workholding device
what is required to secure the part base?

How does hybrid DED replace traditional welding repair processes? Hybrid DED repairs Programmed toolpaths
parts using:

Which of the following can be optimized when using a hybrid directed energy Material costs and surface
deposition (DED) machine for laser cladding applications? finish.

Which of the following is a benefit of directed energy deposition (DED) compared to Faster build rates.
other metal additive manufacturing methods? DED offers:

Design for Fused Deposition Modeling 301

Which of the following is a fused deposition modeling (FDM) design method used in Lightweighting
the aerospace industry that can reduce the weight of a part without sacrificing
quality?

What type of polymers used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) can only be melted Thermosets
and shaped once?

Which of the following must occur to move a fused deposition modeling (FDM) part Carefully melt with heat.
from design to production? In order to produce an FDM part from a digital design, it’s
necessary to:

What aspect of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process reduces design Material flexibility
limitations?

Why may it be necessary to add a rib to a thin part wall in an FDM part? Designing an Prevent warping due to
FDM part wall with a rib can: thermal distortion.
 Which of the following processes may leave surface blemishes or imperfections on a Removing support structures.
fused deposition modeling (FDM) part?

What fused deposition modeling (FDM) material is popular because it is Polylactic acid (PLA)
biodegradable and made from renewable resources?

Which of the following must occur to move a fused deposition modeling (FDM) part Convert a CAD file to an STL
from design to production? In order to produce an FDM part from a digital design, it’s file.
necessary to:

Which of the following is an example of how designers use build orientation to offset Reducing deflection angles.
weak areas of a part by minimizing separation points?

What design choice can help solve issues when building exterior threads for FDM Pilot points
parts?

Design for Material Jetting 302

Which of the following design techniques may reduce the need for support Printing a glossy surface.
material?

What design technique may help provide more strength and stability to material Adding a fillet.
jetting parts with thin walls?

What do photopolymers need in order to harden during the material jetting process? Ultraviolet light

What may cause sagging to appear on a material jetting part? Low UV intensity

Which of the following material jetting parts should be made with a translucent Clear packaging
base resin?

Which of the following is a general type of material used with material jetting? Photopolymer

Which of the following processes may leave blemishes or imperfections in a Sanding the part’s surface.
material jetting part?

What software translates the STL and OBJ information into digital versions of the Slicer software
2D layers that the machine will deposit to physically build the part?

Which material jetting modulation type can create multiple parts with different Mixed tray
materials in a single print run?

Which of following is a benefit offered by the planning, designing, and testing steps Increased production
in design for additive manufacturing (DFAM)? efficiency.

Which of the following describes a use for caustic chemicals during the material Remove support material from
jetting process? Caustic chemicals: a part.
Design for Directed Energy Deposition 303

Which of the following uses advanced software to allow DED tools to print overhangs at Five-axis movement
angles greater than 45 degrees?

Which type of file controls the tool movements on a DED machine? G code file

Which types of shapes can be printed effectively with uniform slicing? Squared features

How does DED improve the testing and production phases of DFM? Compared to Machine setup steps.
traditional manufacturing, DED requires fewer:

Which DED method produces the best surface quality? Laser metal deposition

Which of the following aspects of the DED build process can change the mechanical Heat-affected zone
properties of a part?

What method can manufacturers use to help prevent damage from residual stress in parts Heat treating
produced using DED?

Which machine tool allows the greatest design flexibility for DED? Five-axis hybrid machine

What is the advantage of using powdered metal instead of metal wire feedstock for DED Better surface detail.
applications? Powdered metal can produce:

Which of the following is a common application for DED? DED is commonly used to add: Solid features to existing
parts.

Design for Laser Powder Bed Fusion 304

In laser powder bed fusion, which type of file is created by converting an STL file? Job file

Which type of material is most often used to develop bone replacements with laser Ceramics
powder bed fusion?

Which laser powder bed fusion support method involves building support structures on the Active support
build platform to support a part?

Which type of material has high heat resistance and is often combined with a binder Ceramic
material for laser powder bed fusion processes?

Which method of powder bed fusion is most common in additive manufacturing design Laser powder bed fusion
and production?

In laser powder bed fusion, what happens after a layer of powder is fed into the build Spreads it over the build
chamber? After powder is fed into the build chamber, the powder blade: surface.

What is one limitation of producing parts with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)? L-PBF Build size.
limits a part’s:

What is an advantage of selective laser sintering (SLS) when compared to selective laser Less heat distortion.
melting (SLM)? SLS produces:
 In selective laser sintering (SLS), which post-processing operation is typically required for Remove unfused powder
completed parts? SLS requires post-processing to: material.

Which of the following is a concern when using selective laser sintering (SLS) instead of Material porosity
selective laser melting (SLM)?

Design for Vat Photopolymerization 305

Which common type of photopolymer resin permanently hardens when exposed to Thermoset
ultraviolet (UV) light?

Which of the following can result from exposing liquid resins to temperature fluctuations Clumping
during storage?

Which vat photopolymerization process uses a specialized projector that displays each Digital light processing
part layer onto the liquid photopolymer resin as a single image?

Which of the following is unique to bottom-up vat photopolymerization systems? Optical windows

What type of software does a designer typically use to create a 3D digital model of a vat CAD software
photopolymerization part?

What design choice may help improve part assembly? Adding a boss.

What category of vat photopolymerization resin is typically faster and cheaper to print than Standard
other categories?

What may result from placing longer support structures nearest to the recoater during vat Increase the print speed
photopolymerization? Placing longer support structures nearest to the recoater may:

What design choice can help solve issues with defects in the lowest point of a part Adding anchor points.
structure?

Which of the following design choices may be needed for a part that requires abrasive Plan to build the part
finishing? For parts that require abrasive finishing, designers should: slightly larger than
specification.

How does vat photopolymerization differ from other additive manufacturing (AM) Oldest AM technology.
processes? Vat photopolymerization is the:

Sheet Lamination 307

What is the final phase in the design for Production

additive manufacturing process?

Which sheet lamination process cuts layers Computer-Aided Manufacturing of Laminated

separately before stacking and bonding them? Engineering Materials
Which sheet lamination material is mostly used Computer-Aided Manufacturing of Laminated
for rapid prototyping? Engineering Materials

Which statement about sheet lamination is Multiple materials.

true? Sheet lamination is effective for building a
part with:

Which of the following does ultrasonic additive Vibrations

manufacturing use to bond part layers
together?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of Create more waste.

sheet lamination compared to other additive
manufacturing methods? Many sheet
lamination processes:

Which sheet lamination process commonly Laminated Object Manufacturing

uses paper material?

Which of the following is required during and

after sheet lamination to correct low print Machining
resolution?

Design for Binder Jetting 306

Which of the following is a binder jetting design Smart slab molds.

application for concrete?

What material is commonly used with binder

jetting because of its excellent corrosion Stainless steel
resistance?

What is the purpose of G Code software in the Directs the movement of the machine.
binder jetting process? G Code software:
Which of the following describes a reason why
a designer might use a furan binder to make Enhance green part strength.
sand casting molds? Furan binders:

What must happen before a green part is

infiltrated? Prior to infiltration, a green part must Cured.
be:

How does binder jetting avoid thermal

distortion? The binder jetting process avoids Working at room temperature.
thermal distortion by:

What term refers to a completed binder jetting Green state.

part prior to any post-processing? Once a
binder jetting part is printed, it is considered in
its:

Which term describes the hollow device on a Recoater

binder jetting machine that carefully spreads
the powder in very thin layers on top of the
build platform?

What design feature may designers add to the

hollow area of a binder jetting part in order to Escape hole
remove unbound material properly?

Where do binder jetting machines dispense Print head

binding agents from?

Which of the following common

post-processing methods removes material Polishing
from a part?