Q1. Determine the type of research in examples below by set an ( P ) .

see the first type

# Example Exploratory Descriptive Causal

1 What are parent’s most important duties? P

2 How do relationships work between younger or older siblings? P

3 The amount of time student’s use on social media. P

4 Why do we have short and long term memory? P

5 Why teenagers behave a certain way P

6 Is technology causing a reduction in employment opportunity? P

7 The number of Jordanians that recycle on a regular basis P

8 Why do people crave sugar? P

9 Pros and Cons of smoking cigarettes P

10 Why do people lose their memories as they get older? P

11 How often do high school athletes succeed in college programs? P

12 Is accounting a vital aspect of business management? P

Q2. In regard to Information and decision-making, there are levels of certainty ( certainty, uncertainty,
ambiguity).
 Q1. Determine the type of research in examples below by set an ( P ) . see the first type

Explain each level with an example.

Certainty

Certainty exists when there is complete knowledge about a situation and all possible outcomes are known.
In this case, the decision-maker can be confident in the outcome of their decision.

Example: A bank manager has all the necessary information to approve a loan application. The manager
knows the applicant's credit history, income, and expenses, and is confident that the applicant will be able
to repay the loan.

Uncertainty

Uncertainty exists when there is some information about a situation, but not enough to be certain about
the outcome of any decision. In this case, the decision-maker must weigh the available information and
make an educated guess about the most likely outcome.

Example: A business owner is considering opening a new store in a new location. The owner has some
information about the demographics of the area, the competition, and the potential customer base, but
there is still some uncertainty about whether or not the store will be successful.

Ambiguity

Ambiguity exists when there is no clear or reliable information about a situation. In this case, the decision-
maker must make a decision based on limited or conflicting information.

Example: A manager is trying to decide whether or not to discipline an employee for a suspected violation
of company policy. The manager has heard rumors about the violation, but there is no eyewitness
testimony or other evidence to support the allegations.