Environmental studies

2marks:

1. What is meant by pollution?

according to ODUM(1971)”pollution is an a undesirable change in the
characteristics of water and land that harmfully affects the life and also
create health hazards for all organisms on the globe”
2. Give some examples of greenhouse gases?
•The green house effect is a naturally occuring processing that aids in the
heating the earth’s surface and atmosphere.
•It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases
Such as:
•carbon dioxide
•water vapour
•methane
3. Define thermal pollution?
Thermal pollution also known as heat pollution and occurs when heat is
released into water or air that produce undesirable effects.
Sudden heat release due to forest fire or volcanoes or human induced
activities.
Thermal pollution is also addition of excess undesirable heat to water that
makes harmful to:
•human
•animal
•aquatic life
4. Write any four major water pollution?
Based on sources:
•disease causing agents
•water soluble inorganic chemicals
•heat and sewage
Based on natures:
•domestic water pollution
•agriculture water pollution
 •industrial water pollution

5.define hazardous waste?

• Hazardous waste is any substance in solid, liquid, gaseous form because of

physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive.

•Radio active or infectious characteristics threat to human health.

•EG: oils, batteries, waste electronics, paints, clinical waste.

6.what are the causes of deforestation?

•logging

•mining

•climate change

•soil erosion

•drought

7.define photo chemical smog?

•Photo chemical smog refers to a type of smog which is formed when the
ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides presents in the
atmosphere.

•Occurs most prominently in urban areas that have large number of automobiles

•It requires neither smoke nor fog.

8.define point and non-point sources of water pollution?

The main point of sources of pollution to water is from sewage and waste water
treatment while for diffusion pollution main sources are from farming and fossil
fuels power plants via.) Air.

9.what are the types of solid waste?

•municipal solid waste

•biodegradable waste
•instutional waste

• commercial waste

• medical waste

10.what is acid rain?

•Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen originating from industrial operations and fossil
fuel combustion are the major sources of acid forming gases.

•Acid forming gases are oxidized over several days by which time they travel
several thousand kilometers.

• In the atmosphere these gases are ultimately converted into sulfuric and nitric
acids. Hydrogen chloride emission forms hydrochloric acid.

•These acids cause acidic rain. Acid rain is only one component of acidic.

11.what is marine pollution?

•Pollution of oceans is damaging the marine environment and is becoming a major

problem.

•Marine environment is interesting for various reasons such as Sea food;

Navigation; Adventure;

•Tourism etc,, Marine Pollution is harmful and its danger can be identified in a
variety of ways.

12.what is sustainable development?

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

13. Define rain water harvesting?

The term rainwater harvesting is being frequently used these days, however, the concept
of water

harvesting is not new for India. Water harvesting techniques had been evolved and
developed

centuries aago.
14.what are the impacts of ozone depletion?

Effects on Human and Animal Health

Effects on Terrestrial Plants:

Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems:

Effects on Air Quality:

15.define global warming?

Before the Industrial Revolution, human activities released very few gases into the
atmosphere

and all climate changes happened naturally. After the Industrial Revolution, through
fossil fuel

combustion, changing agricultural practices and deforestation, the natural composition

of gases

in the atmosphere.

16.four impacts of acid rain?

1. It causes deterioration of buildings especially made of marble e.g. monuments like

Taj Mahal.

Crystals of calcium and magnesium sulphate are formed as a result of corrosion

caused by acid

Rain

2. It damages stone statues. Priceless stone statues in Greece and Italy have been
partially

dissolved by acid rain.

3. It damages metals and car finishes.

4. Aquatic life especially fish are badly affected by lake acidification

17. Examples of radio active waste?

These include substances that are radioactive, such as radium,

carbon, radon, uranium, and thorium.