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T CÙNG TRƯ NG NGHĨA Part 10
T CÙNG TRƯ NG NGHĨA Part 10
THÔNG BÁO
announce [ngoại động từ] báo, thông báo - The company announced its decision to
thông tin, kế hoạch, dự định về điều the public in March.
/ə'naʊns/ gì (một cách công khai, chính thức, - She was announced as the winner at
(v) thường thông qua loa đài, tin tức...,) last night's ceremony.
[ngoại động từ] tuyên bố cái gì đó - Germany declared on France on 1
declare chính thức, công khai, dứt khoát, August 1914.
/dɪ'kler/ mạnh mẽ (độc lập, chủ quyền, chiến - In the end, they were both declared
(v) tranh, thắng lợi, tình trạng, phá sản, winners of the tournament.
kế hoạch...,)
inform [ngoại động từ] báo tin cho, kể cho - Please inform us about/of any changes
ai đó biết về thông tin cụ thể nào đó in your circumstances.
/m'fɔ:rm/
- Keep me informed about any job
(v) opportunities.
state [ngoại động từ] phát biểu, nói, viết - Please state why you wish to apply for
rõ về điều gì đó (một cách cẩn thận this grant.
/steɪt/ và trang trọng), trình bày, bày tỏ - The facts are clearly stated in the
(v) report.
notify [ngoại động từ] thông báo cho ai đó - The police must be notified of the date
biết điều gì một cách trang trọng và of the demonstration.
/'noʊ.tə.faɪ/ chính thức (thường chia ở thể bị - The date of the demonstration must be
(v) động) ~ inform notified to the police.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The country informed/declared independence in 1952.
2. When the company was stated/informed of the problems we were experiencing, it took
extraordinary steps to help us.
3. The prime minister has announced/declared that public spending will be increased next year.
4. I'm not making excuses: I'm simply informing/stating a fact.
5. She announced/stated the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
6. The committee’s decision will be declared/notified to all employees next week.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
7. Each child was asked in turn to ______ what he or she wanted from the situation.
A. notify B. state C. inform D. announce
8. Keep the project manager ______ about any issue that might have an impact on a project's bottom
line.
A. informed B. announced C. declared D. stated
9. Figures released by the bank showed almost 12,000 companies had been ______ bankrupt in the
third quarter of the year.
A. announced B. stated C. informed D. declared
10. They haven't formally ______ their engagement yet.
A. stated B. informed C. announced D. declared
11. We've ______ our policyholders of the changes affecting their policies.
A. been informed B. been announced C. notified D. declared
12. A state of emergency has been ______ in the province.
A. informed B. declared C. stated D. announced
184. TỈ LỆ
[C] mối quan hệ giữa hai nhóm The ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1
ratio người/vật thể hiện mức độ lớn (=for every 2 nurses there is 1 doctor).
/'reɪʃiəʊ/ (n) hơn của nhóm này so với nhóm
còn lại: tỉ lệ
[U] mối quan hệ giữa một thứ với - The proportion of women to men at my
một thứ khác về kích cỡ/số college was about five to one/5:l (=for
lượng/...: tỉ lệ every 5 women, there is 1 man).
~ ratio - The room is very long in proportion to
(= relative to) its width.
proportion - The chart shows how weight increases in
proportion to height (= the increase in
/prə'pɔ:ʃn/
weight depends on the increase in height).
(n)
[U, C, usually plural] mối quan - Her feet are small in proportion to her
hệ chính xác về kích thước/mức height.
độ/tầm quan trọng/... giữa một thứ - The porch is out of proportion with (=
này với một thứ khác hoặc giữa too big or too small when compared with)
các phần của một chỉnh thể nào the rest of the house.
đó: sự cân xứng, sự cân đối
185. TIẾT LỘ
disclose cung cấp cho ai đó thông tin về điều Jane was accused of disclosing
/dɪs'kləʊz/ gì mà trước đây là một bí mật confidential material to a competitor.
(v)
reveal tiết lộ điều gì đó cho ai They didn't reveal the truth to him.
/rɪ'vi:l/ (v)
divulge cung cấp thông tin lẽ ra phải được Police refused to divulge the identity of
/daɪ'vʌldʒ/ giữ bí mật cho ai đó the suspect.
(v)
uncover phát hiện ra điều gì mà trước đó là bí Archaeologists have uncovered an
/ʌn'kʌvə(r)/ mật hoặc được giấu (ngoại động từ) entire Roman city.
(v)
unfold lộ ra (nội động từ); dần dần tiết lộ/hé - Dramatic events were about to unfold.
/ʌn'fəʊld/ lộ điều gì đó với ai (ngoại động từ) - Sophia unfolded her tale to us.
(v)
spill spill the beans (thành ngữ): tiết He spilled the beans, and she knew all
lộ/nói cho ai đó biết về điều gì mà about the party in advance.
/spɪl/ (v) đáng lẽ ra nên được giữ bí mật
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. Jack always seemed scared to death Mary was going to unfold/spill the beans to his parents. He
didn’t want to make them upset.
2. The company has disclosed/spilled details of new plans to expand.
3. I began sending her stacks of information I uncovered/revealed about her mother - scientific journal
articles, photos of the cells, even an occasional novel.
4. Emma uncovered/unfolded her secret to Mattie.
5. The contract forbids employees to divulge/spill details of this work to anyone outside of the
company.
6. For some time now, public opinion polls have revealed/spilled Americans' strong preference to live
in comparatively small cities, towns, and rural areas rather than in large cities.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
7. In Moscow, KGB officers were intensely frustrated by how little they had ______ about the
Manhattan Project
A. uncovered B. unfolded C. disclosed D. revealed
8. The program’s confidentiality prevented him from ______ identifying information to anybody.
A. spilling B. uncovering C. divulging D. concealing
9. The story continues to ______: A disorganized crowd of people become neat lines; couples cling to
each other’s hands for support.
A. uncover B. reveal C. disclose D. unfold
10. The author, former MI5 agent, was himself imprisoned for six months for ______ secret
information to a newspaper.
A. spilling B. disclosing C. uncovering D. concealing
11. She confronted Peter and threatened that she would ______ the beans unless he married her as
promised.
A. reveal B. spill C. divulge D. uncover
12. The report ______ that the company made a loss of £20 million last year because of the pandemic.
A. reveals B. uncovers C. spills D. divulges
189. TỔ CHỨC
hold [ngoại động từ] tổ chức, sắp xếp - The next conference will be held in
(sự kiện nào đó) một cuộc họp, Ohio.
/həʊld/ một cuộc thi, thảo luận, bầu cử, - hold an event/a meeting/a party/a
(v) bữa tiệc..., (make happen) competition
[ngoại động từ] tổ chức, kỷ niệm, - We celebrated our 25th wedding
celebrate tham gia vào một sự kiện, dịp anniversary in Florence.
/'sel.ə.breɪt/ quan trọng, đặc biệt (thường là - to celebrate a victory/a success/an
(v) diễn ra đều đặn) (enjoy an achievement
occasion) - to celebrate a birthday
[ngoại động từ] sắp xếp, chuẩn bị - to organize a
organize
cho một hoạt động, sự kiện conference/meeting
/'ɔ:r.gən.aɪz/ (nhằm đảm bảo rằng các sắp xếp - I'll invite people if you can organize
(v) cần thiết đã được thực hiện) food and drinks.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. I find it's almost impossible to celebrate/hold a sensible conversation with her.
2. The team is celebrating/holding their third successive win.
3. They celebrated/organized a meeting between the teachers and students.
4. She held/celebrated a garden party to hold/celebrate the artist's 60th birthday.
5. They had organized/held a car to pick me up at the airport.
6. We always hold/celebrate our wedding anniversary with a bottle of champagne.
7. The president held/celebrated an emergency meeting to discuss military strategy with his defense
commanders yesterday.
8. The whole town came out to hold/celebrate his return from the war.
9. By the time of the annual meeting we will be ready to hold/celebrate elections for the new executive
board.
10. The team also worked with LACMA Associate Curator of Decorative Arts and Design Staci
Steinberger to celebrate/organize the exhibition.
190. TO LỚN
cực kì to về kích cỡ hoặc số lượng; lớn - The building is huge.
huge về mức độ - Social media has made a huge
/hju:dʒ/ (adj) ~ enormous /ɪ'nɔ:məs/(adj) difference to how we communicate with
~ vast /va:st/ (adj) others.
giant cực kì to; to hơn rất nhiều hoặc quan He put a giant TV screen in his living
/'dʒaɪənt/ (adj) trọng hơn so với những thứ cùng loại room.
lớn về kích cỡ/mức độ/số lượng/... - a big man (= tall and wide without
big
being fat)
/bɪg/(adj)
- They were earning big money.
to về kích cỡ/số lượng/khối lượng - They sell clothes for large men (= tall
large /lɑ:ʤ/ and wide, and often fat).
(adj) - Women usually do the larger share of
the housework.
great nhiều hơn mức trung bình về mức The concert was a great success.
/greɪt/ độ/khối lượng
(adj) [thường chỉ đứng trước danh từ] rất - A great crowd has gathered.
lớn; to hơn rất nhiều so với mức trung - People were arriving in great numbers.
bình về kích cỡ/số lượng
[chỉ đứng trước danh từ] dùng để nhấn He cut himself a great thick slice of
mạnh cho một tính từ chỉ kích cỡ hoặc cake.
chất lượng
rất to, nặng và rắn a massive rock
massive
/'mæsɪv/ cực kì lớn; cực kỳ nghiêm trọng - The Chancellor is to announce a
massive increase in spending.
(adj)
- He suffered a massive heart attack.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. This is a matter of big/great importance.
2. This house is rather outsized/big for us. We need something smaller.
3. The bell is massive/great, weighing over 40 tons.
4. The massive/great majority of people seem to agree with this view.
5. The government put giant/massive amounts of money into the health service.
6. The population is slightly larger/bigger than that of Canada.
7. The match was shown on a vast/giant screen outside the town hall.
8. The United States is a huge/fat country with a relatively thin population spread over it.
9. There’s a great/vast big hole in this sleeve.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
10. We have a considerably ______ Asian community in our school, many of whom are Muslims.
A. outsize B. vast C. large D. massive
11. The roof is supported by eight ______ stone pillars.
A. great B. massive C. immense D. vast
12. Six ______ multinationals now virtually control all of America’s newspapers and television and
radio stations.
A. outsize B. giant C. great D. hefty
13. The organic industry is fairly new in Australia and has ______ potential for expansion.
A. giant B. outsize C. hefty D. great
14. It was completed in 1970, at a cost of one billion dollars - a ______ sum in those days.
A. giant B. huge C. immense D. fat
15. We were hoping the show would be a really ______ success.
A. big B. outsize C. vast D. hefty
16. One man was taken seriously ill after suffering a(n) ______ asthma attack following building work
at flats.
A. outsize B. giant C. massive D. large
17. Those are patients with suspected heart attacks, ______ bleeding, and serious head injuries.
A. giant B. big C. huge D. massive
18. Even one small step on the path of your plan can be a(n) ______ leap!
A. large B. giant C. massive D. vast
19. The problem is treated in ______ detail in the book.
A. giant B. immense C. great D. large
20. A ______ proportion of the audience consisted of teenaged girls.
A. large B. big C. giant D. hefty
scold rầy la/la mắng/quát mắng ai đó Our parents are very strict, and we
(thường là trẻ con) vì đã làm sai điều are frequently scolded for our bad
/skəʊld/ (v) gì scold somebody = tell somebody off behaviors.
[sắc thái trang trọng] khiển trách/chỉ His mother reproached him for not
reproach trích/phê bình ai đó vì một việc mà họ eating all his dinner.
/rɪ'prəʊʧ/ (v) đã làm hoặc không làm và bởi vì bạn
thất vọng về họ
[sắc thái trang trọng; thường dùng ở She was rebuked by her manager
dạng bị động] nói với ai đó một cách for being late.
rebuke
hay gắt bởi vì họ đã làm một điều gì đó
/rɪ'bju:k/ (v) sai trái: khiển trách, quở trách
~ reprimand
[sắc thái trang trọng] chỉ trích hoặc Sophia berated herself for being a
berate nói với ai một cách giận dữ bởi vì bạn bad mother.
/bɪ'reɪt/ (v) không tán thành với việc mà họ đã
làm: mắng mỏ, nhiếc móc
chide chỉ trích hoặc khiển trách ai đó bởi vì She chided him for his bad
họ đã làm điều gì sai; mắng chửi ai vì manners.
/tʃaɪd/ (v) họ đã cư xử tệ
[nội động từ, ngoại động từ] nói rằng The government is being widely
criticize bạn nghĩ ai đó/điều gì đó là xấu; nói criticized in the media for failing
thứ gì đó về ai/điều gì mà bạn không to limit air pollution.
/'krɪtɪsaɪz/ (v) thích hoặc nghĩ là sai: phê bình, chỉ
trích
condemn Chỉ trích, chê trách, lên án, quy tội (về The terrorist action has been
/kən'dem/ mặt đạo đức) condemned as an act of barbarism
(v) and cowardice.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in
each of the following questions.
1. His mother scolded him for breaking her favorite vase.
A. told off B. praised C. complimented D. condemned
2. He reproached himself for not telling her the truth.
A. scolded B. complimented C. rebuked D. praised
3. The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures.
A. reprimanded B. scolded C. complimented D. praised
4. He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem.
A. scolded B. condemned C. complimented D. rebuked
5. His boss criticized him for his sloppy work habits.
A. approved B. censured C. condemned D. praised
disagreement một tình huống mà có những người - We had a disagreement about the
có những ý kiến khác nhau về một fee for the work.
/,dɪsə'gri:mənt/ vấn đề nào đó: sự bất đồng, sự - He shook his head in
(n) không đồng ý kiến disagreement.
squabble một cuộc cãi nhau ồn ào về một điều There were endless squabbles over
/'skwɒbl/ (n) gì đó không quan trọng (cãi vặt) who should sit where.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. He found himself in conflict/squabble with his parents over his future career.
2. They were in total row/disagreement about the move to Cambridge.
3. Last night I heard loud noise from their house. Mary and Peter had a terrible disagreement/row
about money, and she stormed out of the house.
4. Will had drunk too much and was ready to pick a quarrel/feud with anyone who crossed his path.
5. There has been a long-standing dispute/squabble between the families over ownership of the land.
6. I’m always dealing with feuds/squabbles between the children. They are just about who sit where in
the car and who get more snacks.
7. The children had a(n) argument/dispute over what game to play.
8. We picked a UN refugee camp near Kigali, the capital of Rwanda, where many people have been
displaced due to the conflict/squabble in Congo.
9. In the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, the blame for the tragedy falls on the long- running
squabble/feud between the two families, Montagues and Capulets.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
10. Lately, the relationship between the United States and China is among the top ten most
newsworthy topics due to their escalating trade war. However, the economic ______ between the two
countries has a cultural aspect.
A. quarrel B. argument C. conflict D. row
11. Negotiators failed to resolve the bitter ______ between the European Community and the United
States over cutting subsidies to farmers.
A. row B. dispute C. squabble D. feud
12. Polly and Susie are having a ______ about who is going to hold the dog’s lead.
A. dispute B. conflict C. feud D. squabble
13. The singer’s journey to releasing these singles was fraught with difficulty thanks to a prolonged
______ with her former record label.
A. feud B. disagreement C. argument D. row
14. One witness who was drinking at the bar said that the quarrel started over a ______ about politics.
A. conflict B. feud C. dispute D. disagreement
15. After ten years of working in this bar, I know how to spot a patron looking to pick a ______ with
people.
A. dispute B. quarrel C. row D. conflict
16. The ambassador has offered to act as a go-between for the two countries involved in the ______.
A. squabble B. row C. conflict D. quarrel
obstacle trở ngại, chướng ngại vật làm cản - The biggest obstacle in our way was
trở sự di chuyển hoặc gây khó khăn a tree trunk in the road.
/'ɑ:b.stə.kəl/ cho ai đó đạt được điều gì hoặc - A lack of qualifications can be a
(n) thành công major obstacle to finding a job.
hindrance sự cản trở, một người hay thứ gì đó - To be honest, she was more of a
gây khó khăn cho bạn làm gì hoặc hindrance than a help.
/'hɪn.drəns/ gây khó khăn cho cái gì xảy ra - The high price is a major hindrance
(n) to potential buyers.
- rào cản, một thứ gì đó giống như - The crowd managed to break
barrier hàng rào ngăn mọi người tiến từ through the barriers and get onto the
nơi này đến nơi khác pitch.
/'ber.i.ə/
- bất cứ thứ gì ngăn cản, cản trở - Despite the language barrier (= not
(n) mọi người cùng ở, hòa hợp với speaking the same language), they
nhau hoặc hiểu lẫn nhau soon became good friends.
- (trang trọng) sự trở ngại, thứ gì đó - The level of inflation is a serious
làm trì hoãn hoặc ngăn tiến trình, impediment to economic recovery.
impediment sự phát triển của cái gì - He’s upset about his speech
/ɪm'pedɪmənt/ - sự trở ngại, vấn đề về mặt thể impediment.
(n) chất, tinh thần khiến ai đó khó
khăn trong việc nói, nghe một cách
bình thường
- (thể dục, thể thao) chướng ngại - She cleared the first hurdle in the
vật, hàng rào cho vận động viên lead.
hurdle nhảy qua trong cuộc đua vượt rào - The next hurdle will be getting her
/'hɜ:.dəl/ - vật chướng ngại, một vấn đề mà parents' agreement.
(n) bạn phải đương đầu, giải quyết
trước khi bạn có thể đạt được tiến
bộ hoặc đạt được điều gì
điều trở ngại, hành vi hoặc các They were charged with obstruction of
obstruction hành động ngăn cản điều gì đó xảy the police/of justice (= preventing the
/əb'strʌkʃən/ ra hoặc hoạt động bình thường police/law courts from doing their
(n) (thường liên quan đến pháp luật, jobs).
chính phủ)
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. We suddenly encountered a(n) hindrance/obstacle along the trail.
2. Shyness is one of the biggest barriers/impediments to making friends
3. Getting a work permit was the first hurdle/obstruction to overcome.
4. In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional barrier/impediment to progress.
5. He was arrested for obstruction/obstacle of a police officer in the execution of his duty.
6. The new regulations are actually a great hurdle/hindrance to teachers.
7. She jumped over all the hurdles/barriers easily and raced to the finishing line.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
8. People tell me they don't notice my hearing ______.
A. obstacle B. hindrance C. impediment D. hurdle
9. We’re trying to break down ______ between young people from both communities.
A. barriers B. obstacles C. obstructions D. impediments
10. I think you should stay at home because you would be more of a(n) ______ than a help.
A. obstacle B. hindrance C. hurdle D. barrier
11. Mr. Guest refused to let them in and now faces a criminal charge of ______.
A. impediment B. obstacle C. hindrance D. obstruction
12. Finding investors is the biggest ______ we face.
A. barrier B. obstruction C. hurdle D. impediment
13. To succeed, you must learn to overcome ______.
A. obstacles B. obstructions C. impediments D. hindrances
196. TRỘN LẠI, KẾT HỢP LẠI
mix trộn lẫn, kết hợp hai hoặc nhiều chất - Mix the flour with the eggs and butter.
/mɪks/ để chúng trở thành một hợp chất và - Add the eggs and mix thoroughly.
(v) khó thể tách rời ra
combine kết hợp với nhau để tạo thành một - The two countries combined against
thể, nhóm thống nhất their common enemy.
/kəm'baɪn/
- High tides combined with strong
(v) winds caused severe flooding.
(mùi, cảm giác, hương vị, âm thanh - Leave the dessert overnight for the
mingle V.V.) trộn lẫn hoặc bạn trộn chúng, flavours to mingle.
/'mɪŋ,gəl/ chúng trở nên trộn lẫn với nhau mà - He felt a kind of happiness mingled
(v) không làm mất hoàn toàn các tính with regret.
cách riêng lẻ của chúng
blend trộn lẫn, pha trộn hai hoặc nhiều Blend the flour with the milk to make a
/blend/ hương vị với nhau mix smooth paste.
(v)
associate kết giao, liên hợp, hình thành sự kết - Most people associate this brand with
nối, liên hệ giữa nhiều người, nhiều good quality.
/ə'səʊ∫ieɪt/ thứ - I am happy, indeed proud, to be
(v) associated with this project.
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The earthquake and a series of underwater landslides combined/mixed to make a gigantic tsunami.
2. The sounds of laughter and singing blending/mingled in the evening air.
3. Mix/Associate all the ingredients together in a bowl.
4. I have very little idea of how to combine/blend colors.
5. Most people immediately associate/mix addictions with drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
6. The excitement of starting a new job is always ______ with a certain apprehension.
A. blended B. mingled C. mixed D. combined
7. None of us has much money so let's ______ what we've got.
A. combine B. blend C. associate D. mix
8. Put the soap and water in a pan and leave to stand until they have ______.
A. associated B. mingled C. blended D. combined
9. Both politicians have been closely ______ with the movement for some time.
A. blended B. mixed C. mingled D. associated
10. Pour the honey into the bowl and ______ it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
A. associate B. mix C. mingle D. combine
199. TRƯỢT
[nội động từ] + [ngoại động từ] trượt When I was little, I used to like sliding
slide (để di chuyển dễ dàng trên bề mặt on the polished floor in my socks.
/slaɪd/ nhẵn hoặc ướt; để làm cho một cái gì
(v) đó di chuyển theo cách này), đẩy nhẹ,
đẩy trượt
glide [nội động từ] lướt (di chuyển trơn tru The skaters were gliding over the ice.
/glaɪd/ và yên tĩnh, đặc biệt là như thể không
(v) cần nỗ lực)
skid [nội động từ] trượt (đặc biệt là của Tony's car skidded on some ice and hit a
một chiếc xe) trượt dọc theo một bề tree.
/skɪd/
mặt mà bạn không thể kiểm soát nó
(v) được
slip [nội động từ] trượt ngã (trượt một Careful you don't slip - there's water on
đoạn ngắn do tai nạn khiến bạn ngã the floor.
/slɪp/
hoặc suýt ngã), trượt khỏi vị trí chính
(v) xác của cái gì đó
Circle the word which best fits the sentence.
1. The dancers slipped/glided smoothly across the floor.
2. He'd slipped/slid in the bath and broken his hip.
3. He slid/skidded the letter into his pocket while no one was looking.
4. A truck had slid/skidded out of control on the icy road.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits the sentence.
5. You can ______ the front seats forward if necessary.
A. slip B. skid C. slide D. glide
6. I ______ on the ice and landed right on my bottom!
A. slipped B. slid C. skidded D. glided
7. The car ______ on the ice and went straight into the wall.
A. glided B. skidded C. slid D. slipped
8. She came ______ gracefully into the ballroom in a long, flowing gown.
A. slipping B. sliding C. skidding D. gliding
9. Tighten the straps so they won't ______ off your shoulders.
A. slip B. glide C. slide D. skid