REPORTERS: ALFRED BERNADOS

CASSANDRA KATE GUERRERO

APROACHES AND METHODS IN TEACHING AP IN THE INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

APPROACHES IN TEACHING ARALING PANLIPUNAN

The K to 12 Curriculum Guide describes the teaching approach in the teaching of

Araling Panlipunan as based on konstruktibismo (constructivism), magkatuwang na
pagkatuto (collaborative learning), pagkatutong pangkaranasan at pangkonteksto
(experiential and contextual learning), pamaraang tematiko (thematic approach),
paksain/konseptual (conceptual approach), pagsisiyasat (survey), integratibo
(integrative), interdisiplinaryo (interdisciplinary) and multidisiplinaryo (multidisciplinary).

1. Constructivist approach
- this approach is based on the assumption that the students come to class with
entry knowledge and skills. The students reflect on the newly learned knowledge,
continue to make connections to other concepts learned, and construct new
meanings.

2. Collaborative learning
- this is based on the assumption that students learn better when they leam with
others. It is supported by the fact that students leam better in a cooperative
atmosphere than in a competitive atmosphere.

3. Experiential and contextualized learning

- As the name implies, it is learning beginning with experience and ending in
experience.

- This is also called contextualized learning because it is rooted in human

experience; meaning the context of learning is an experience itself. Then
experiential learning is inductive, learner- centered, and activity-oriented. The
emphasis in experiential learning is on the process of learning and not on the
product. Experiential learning can be viewed as a cycle consisting of five phases,
all of which are necessary:

- experiencing (an activity occurs),

- sharing or publishing (reactions and observations are shared);

- analyzing or processing (patterns and dynamies are determined);

- inferring or generalizing (principles are derived); and

- Applying (plans are made to use leaming in new situations).

4. Conceptual Approach
- Structured inquiry process where students figure out the attributes of a group or
category that has already been formed by the teacher. To do so, students
compare and contrast examples that contain the attributes of the examples with
examples that do not contain those attributes (non-examples). They then
separate them into two groups.

- The process of concept attainment, then, is the search for and identification of
attributes that can be used to distinguish examples of a given group or category
from non- examples.The concept attainment process may proceed deductively
(from rule/definition to examples) or inductively (from examples to rule/definition).

5. Integrative approach
- Anchored on the assumption that teaching and learning are more meaningful and
further enriched if the lesson is connected to other disciplines (interdisciplinary)
and connected to real-life experiences (transdisciplinary).

- Integrates students' experiences so the experiential approach is in a sense an

integrative approach. Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary

- Integrate other related disciplines in the lesson development

METHODS IN TEACHING ARALING PANLIPUNAN

It is a systematic way of doing something. A series of related and progressive acts

performed by a teacher and students to achieve the objective of the lesson. Some of the
methods are the following:

1.Thematic Method
- Learning revolves around a theme. Each theme should be accompanied by focus
questions Araling Panlipunan as a subject develops the following themes a cross
the Grades:

1) tao, kapaligiran at lipunan;

2) panahon, pagtutuloy at pagbabago;

3) kultura, pananagutan at pagkabansa;

4) karapatan, pananagutan at pagkamamamayan;

5) kapangyarihan, awtoridad at pamamahala;

6) produksyon, distribusyon at pagkonsumo and.

7) ugnayang pangrehiyon at pangmundo

2. Demonstration Method
- In the demonstration method, the teacher or an assigned student or group shows
how a process is done while the students become observers. The demonstrator
is knowledgeable in preparing the apparatus needed according to the steps to be
followed. The rest of the class becomes focused on the activity and concentration
on the subject is assured.

3. Activity Method
- The activity method is a technique adopted by a teacher to emphasize his or her
method of teaching through an activity in which the students participate
rigorously and bring about efficient leaming experiences. It is a method in which
the child is actively involved in participating mentally and physically. Learning by
doing is the main focus of this method.

4.Inquiry Method
- The core of inquiry is a spontaneous and self-directed exploration. Teachers
must provide learners with opportunities to explore, inquire and discover new
learning.
- Everyone who remembers his own education remembers teachers, not methods
and techniques. The teacher is the heart of the educational system.

Reference: https://www.scribd.com/presentation/425794598/Lesson-3-Methods-and-
Techniques-in- Teaching-Araling Panlipunan