 FMC Flexible Metallic Conduit - made from
1. OHM’S LAW FORMULA
2. POWER / WATTS LAW FORMULA
3. ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
 CONDUITS
 Rigid PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride – is a plastic
conduit, has high impact resistance to protect
wiring system from physical damage.
 Used in Corrosive Environment
 RMC – Rigid Metallic Conduit – is one of the
most used conduits in commercial
establishments, it usually has the toughest and
thickest wall made from coated stainless steel
and aluminum, and it offers excellent protection
against impact, punctures and cuts.
 Typically used OUTDOORS
RNC Rigid Non-Metallic Conduit – is
unthreaded smooth-walled tubing.
Underground, direct earth burial not less than
18” below the surface. Underground not less
than 2” of concrete.
RIMC - Rigid Intermediate Metal Conduit – is a
rigid steel electrical conduit designed for
outdoor exposure and strong connections.
spirally wound metal strips that interlock. They
are most often used for the last few feet wiring,
where conventional conduit system are difficult
to maneuver and terminate, it has the ability to
absorb vibrations.
 Used in Dry INDOOR Locations
 Flexible Non-Metallic Conduit – Made of
plastic, such as PVC. Non-Metallic conduit is less
expensive than a metallic conduit and is not
subject to corrosion.
 EMT- Electrical Metallic Tubing – is lightweight,
thinner and easier to bend than RMC, because it
is metallic, it can handle physical abuse and is
used whenever PVC cannot be use because of
the presence of stem pipes or other sources of
heat.
 Used for Exposed INDOOR Wiring
 Electrical Non-Metallic Tubing - Electrical Non-
metallic Tubing (ENT) coil is a flexible raceway
for use in walls, floor and permanent or
dropped (free air only) ceilings. ENT is
lightweight, hand bendable, and free from
sharp edges, which reduces installation time
and save money. Also known as smurf tube.
 FITTINGS
 COUPLING – are essential for almost any
coupling system, for securely linking together
lengths of conduit and attaching site-fabricated
bends.
 ADAPTER - Adapters (Female and Male) these
fittings are designed to change the end type of a
pipe, allowing it to connect to fittings and pipes
of many sizes. They can have threaded or slip
socket ends to connect to an endless variety of
pipes and fittings.

 SQUARE BOX - A square electrical box, also

known as a “double-gang box,” houses two
 BUSHING/LOCKNUTS – Bushing create a devices. They'll have a combination
smooth entry point to conduits without any outlet/switch or a pair of outlets/switches
sharp edges, protecting the conductors from inside.
damage during wire pulls.

 NEMA 3R enclosures are typically used in

outdoor applications for wiring and junction
 BOXES
boxes. This style of enclosure. Provides
protection against falling rain, sleet, snow, and
 PULL BOX - allow long wiring runs to be external ice formation. Indoors they protect
installed in shorter intervals, and can be used against dripping water.
for both straight and angled pulls. Although
they have the same appearance as junction
boxes, pull boxes do not have wiring
connections inside. They are only access points
for pulling and feeding conductors into a
raceway system.

 WIRES

 SIZE - The higher the number, the thinner the

wire.

 JUNCTION BOX - are attach to the wall framing

at the surface at the dry wall with their solid
covers exposed. A junction box is an electrical
enclosure that houses one or more wiring
connections. The box protects the connections,
which usually contain vulnerable points such as
wire splices, from environmental conditions and
accidental contact.
 AMPACITY - Wire ampacity is the maximum
electrical current (Amperes or “Amps”) that
safely exist in a given size of conductor. Wires
are made of 2 basic components: a copper
conductor and the wire insulation that
surrounds it.

 UTILITY BOX - An electrical utility box is typically

a rectangular, open-faced box mounted in a
wall. It serves to house an electrical device, such
as an electrical receptacle or switch or a GFI
(ground fault interrupter). it serve to house an
electrical device such as an electrical receptacle,
outlet or switch.
  INSULATION - Cable and wire insulation
prevents the wire's current from coming into
contact with other conductors, it preserves the
wire material against environmental threats and
resists electrical leakage.
4. PROTECTIVE DEVICE
 CIRCUIT BREAKER- may be used as protection
against overloads and short circuits. They are
used in place of fuses because of their reset
capabilities.
THREE MAJOR TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
 STANDARD CIRCUIT BREAKERS - These are
simpler breakers that monitor the cadence of
electricity as it circulates an indoor space. It
keeps track of electricity in electrical wiring
systems, appliances and outlets. This kind of
breaker stops the current during overloads and
short circuits to prevent wires from
overheating.
 GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER, or
GFCI, is a fast-acting circuit breaker designed to
shut off electric power in the event of a ground-
fault within as little as 1/40 of a second. It works
by comparing the amount of current going to
and returning from equipment along the circuit
conductors. Electrical device that can either be
installed in your electrical system or built into a
power cord to protect you from severe
electrical shocks.
 An ARC FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER (AFCI) is
a device that lessens the effects of arcing faults
by de-energizing the circuit when an arc fault is
detected. Or arc-fault detection device (AFDD)
is a circuit breaker that breaks the circuit when
it detects the electric arcs.
 AMPERE TRIP RATING - If an amp is drawing too
much power, it can trip a breaker. When a
breaker trips, it interrupts the flow of electricity
to prevent damage to the wiring. If an amp is
drawing too much power, it can trip the breaker
and shut off the power.
To calculate amperage, use the equation Amps
= Watts/Volts. For example, a 200W light bulb
on a 120V circuit would draw about 1.67 amps.
Calculate the TOTAL amperage rating of all
devices. Make sure they DO NOT exceed 80% of
the breaker's total amperage.

 FUSE - basically a short length of metal ribbon
made of an alloy with low melting point and of
the size that will blow up when excessive
current flow through it.
 GFCI - Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter - is a
fast-acting circuit breaker design to shut off
electric power in the event of a ground-fault
within as little as 1/40 of a second.
5. GROUNDING SYSTEM
 SYSTEM GROUND - refers to the limit of the
defined values the voltage has to the ground of
every part of the electrical system.
 EQUIPMENT GROUND - is essentially a circuit
designed to protect individual components of
an electrical system.
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
AIR TERMINAL - is a pointy tip rod made from copper
or aluminum and is positioned above all other metallic
objects on a building or structure to provide external
protection.
DOWN CONDUCTOR - are the main conductor
system that generally bring the lightning from the roof level
system to the grounding system.
GROUND ROD - is a metal bar (copper or galvanized)
that is driven into the ground to provide predetermined
electrical path to safely dissipate a static charge to earth.
LIGHTING FIXTURE
RECEPTACLE - are types of sockets or outlets that
provide a location in a system where the wire can be inserted
to provide electrical current
REFLECTOR - is an optical device that redirect
incident light back to the side of incidence.
HOLDER - is an electrical device that securely holds
and provides power to a light bulb.
LAMPS
INCANDESCENT - is an electric light with a wire
filament that is heated until it glows.
FLOURESCENT - an electric current in the gas excites
mercury vapor which produces short-wave ultraviolet light
that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp
to glow.
TOOLS
LONG NOSE PLIERS - is both a cutting and holding
tool used by electricians to bend and snip wires.
SCREWDRIVER - a tool with a flattened, cross-
shaped, or star-shaped tip that fits into the head of a screw to
turn it.
ELECTRICIAN’S KNIFE - is used for cutting wires and
cables and stripping off their plastic insulation.
DIAGONAL SIDE CUTTING PLIERS – are intended for
the cutting of wire. The plane defined by the cutting edges of
the jaws intersects the joint rivet at an angle or “on diagonal”
hence the name.
COMBINATION PLIERS - is used for holding and
grasping objects and cutting and bending wires.
VISE GRIP/LOCKING PLIERS - are pliers that can be
locked into position, using an over-center toggle action.
PIPE VISE - is a tool often used to hold pipes in place
for threading and cutting.
PIPE CUTTER - is a type of tool used to cut pipe.
Besides producing a clean cut, the tool is often a faster,
cleaner, and convenient way of cutting pipe than using a
hacksaw.
FILE - is a tool used to remove fine amounts of
materials from a work piece.
HACKSAW - is a tool originally made for cutting
metal, but can also cut various other materials, such as wood
and plastic.
WIRE STRIPPER - is a small, hand-held device used to
strip the electrical insulation from electric wires.
PIPE THREADER - is a device used to cut grooves or
threads into the end of a metal pipe.
PIPE REAMER - is a fluted conical tool used for
beveling or removing burrs from pipe ends.
ONE SHOT BENDER - is a tool similar to hickey. The
difference between them is the size of the head where hickey
is 60 percent smaller.
TEST EQUIPMENT
MULTIMETER/MULTITESTER - also known as a VOM,
is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can
measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters
use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display
readings.
VOLTMETER - is an instrument used for measuring
electric potential difference (voltage) between two points in
an electric circuit. It is connected in parallel. It usually has a
high resistance so that it takes negligible current from the
circuit.
AMMETER - is a measuring instrument used to
measure the current in a circuit. Ammeter is usually
connected in series with the circuit in which the current is to
be measured.
 OHMMETER - is an electrical instrument that
measures electrical resistance. Micro-ohmmeters make low
resistance measurements. Megohmmeters measure large
values of resistance. The unit of measurement for resistance
is ohms.
MEGOHMMETER/INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTER -
is a special type of ohmmeter used to measure the electrical
resistance of insulators.
WATT-HOUR METER - is an instrument for measuring
the electric power in watts of any given circuit.

PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

-MOUNTING HEIGHT
OUTLET - 30cm
SWITCH - 140cm
PANEL BOARD - 180cm

-RATING