6.3 EQ Without Markscheme

1(a). A group of students were investigating mitosis.
They examined cells from onion root tip squashes that had
been prepared using acetic orcein stain. Chromosomes appear a purple red colour when this stain is used.
Fig. 2.4 shows a light micrograph of one of these cells. A student stated that this cell was at metaphase.
Fig. 2.4
i. Describe how Fig. 2.4 shows the importance of differential staining for observing cells undergoing
mitosis.
[1]
ii. Identify one piece of evidence that would have led the students to conclude that the cell in Fig. 2.4 is at
metaphase.
[1]
iii. Three students were studying onion root tip squashes under the microscope. They recorded the number
of cells at each stage of mitosis. A record of their observations is shown below.
In the space below draw an appropriate table to present the students’ observations.
Include the headings for the columns. You are not required to enter any of the results into your table.
© OCR 2023. You may photocopy this page. Page 1 of 8 Created in ExamBuilder
[2]
(b). Compare prophase in mitosis with prophase in meiosis.
[4]
2. The sea sponge, Aplysina aerophoba, and the zebra shark, Stegostoma fasciatum, are both animals.
Both A. aerophoba and S. fasciatum reproduce sexually, but under particular conditions they
are both able to reproduce asexually.
In asexual reproduction in A. aerophoba:
• clumps of diploid cells detach from the body of the sponge

• the cells reattach to a surface and grow into new, adult sponges.
In asexual reproduction in S. fasciatum:
• meiosis occurs in a female

• two of the haploid cells produced by meiosis fuse to form a diploid cell
• the diploid cell develops into a new shark.
A student stated, ‘When they reproduce asexually, both animals produce clones of themselves.’
Evaluate the student’s statement.
[3]
3. Mitosis and meiosis play an important role in the life cycles of organisms.
The figures represent an outline of the life cycles of two different organisms.
Place a tick (✓) in each row of the table to indicate the type of nuclear division that occurs at each of the
letters A to E.
[3]
4. Meiosis is a type of nuclear division.
Fig. 1.2 shows a photomicrograph of plant cells undergoing meiosis.
Fig. 1.2
i. Identify the stage of meiosis 1 shown in the cell labelled A.
[1]
ii. Based only on your observations of Fig. 1.2, state two reasons for your answer in (b)(i) .
[2]
iii. Another stage of meiosis is metaphase 1.
Explain how the organisation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase 1 increases genetic
variation.
[3]
5. Sperm cells in animals are formed by a process known as spermatogenesis.
Fig. 19.1 is a summary of the process of spermatogenesis.
Fig. 19.1
Three phases of meiosis are listed below.
Match each phase of meiosis to a letter on Fig. 19.1.
Metaphase 1 occurs during the stage labelled .............................
Telophase 2 occurs during the stage labelled .............................
[3]
Anaphase 1 occurs during the stage labelled .............................
6(a). Mitosis and meiosis are important in the life cycles of organisms.
Hydra is a small animal that lives in fresh water.
When environmental conditions are favourable, Hydra reproduces asexually. Large numbers of offspring can be
produced in this way.
Asexual reproduction in Hydra is shown in Fig. 19.1.
Fig. 19.1
i. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis.
Name the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
[2]
ii. Suggest why Hydra reproduces asexually when conditions are favourable.
[2]
(b). When conditions are not favourable, Hydra reproduces sexually. This often happens in the winter.
Cells in the body wall produce sperms and eggs by meiosis.
Large numbers of sperms are released into the water. These sperms can fertilise eggs from different
individuals. Each egg forms a tough outer coat, and can lie dormant at the bottom of the water until conditions
improve.
i. * Explain how sexual reproduction in Hydra leads to genetic variation in the offspring.
[6]
ii. Suggest why sexual reproduction in Hydra usually occurs in the winter.
[1]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

6.3 EQ Without Markscheme

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1(a). A group of students were investigating mitosis.

(b). Compare prophase in mitosis with prophase in meiosis.

are both able to reproduce asexually.

In asexual reproduction in A. aerophoba:

• clumps of diploid cells detach from the body of the sponge

In asexual reproduction in S. fasciatum:

• meiosis occurs in a female

Evaluate the student’s statement.

4. Meiosis is a type of nuclear division.

Fig. 1.2 shows a photomicrograph of plant cells undergoing meiosis.

i. Identify the stage of meiosis 1 shown in the cell labelled A.

5. Sperm cells in animals are formed by a process known as spermatogenesis.

Fig. 19.1 is a summary of the process of spermatogenesis.

Match each phase of meiosis to a letter on Fig. 19.1.

Metaphase 1 occurs during the stage labelled .............................

Telophase 2 occurs during the stage labelled .............................

Hydra is a small animal that lives in fresh water.

Asexual reproduction in Hydra is shown in Fig. 19.1.

i. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis.

Name the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

Cells in the body wall produce sperms and eggs by meiosis.

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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