Directions (Q. Nos. 1-4) Read the given passage carefully 5.

The joint enunciation of Panchsheel, the Five

and answer the questions that follow.
The Soviet system, however, became very
bureaucratic and authoritarian, making, life very difficult
for its citizens. Lack of democracy and the absence of
freedom of speech stifled people who often expressed
their dissent in jokes and cartoons. Most of the institutions
of the Soviet state needed reform: the one-party system
represented by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
had tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable
to the people. The party refused to recognise the urge of
people in the fifteen different republics that formed the
Soviet Union to manage their own affairs including their
cultural affairs. Although, on paper, Russia was only one
of the fifteen republics that together constituted the USSR,
in reality Russia dominated everything, and people from
other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.
1. Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) After the disintegration of USSR, it was dominated
by Latvia.
(ii) The duration of Second World War was from
1939-1945.
Select the correct codes.
(A) Only (i)
(B) Only (ii)
(C) Both (i) and (ii)
(D) Neither (i) nor (ii)
2. The Western allaince was formalised into which
organisation?
(A) NATO
(B) Warsaw Pact
(C) SEATO
(D) CENTO
Principles of Peaceful Coexistence was made by India
with which of the following countries?
(A) Indonesia (B) Ghana
(C) Bangladesh (D) China
6. India decided to choose mixed economy model in
which elements of both socialist and capitalist model
contained because of which of the reasons?
(i) At the time of independence, the private sector
was not much developed and capable enough to
lead the economic development.
(ii) T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f p h y s i c a l
infrastructure,industrial infrastructure, railway,
transport and communication, postal services,
defence, infrastructure, etc cannot be left to the
private sector to be developed across the country
at a faster rate.
(iii) Greater role of the state in an economy like India is
necessary to ensure socio-economic development
of poor and deprived section of society.
Select the correct codes.
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) Only (ii)
(C) Only (iii) (D) All of these
7. How the smaller states in the alliances used the link
of the superpowers for their own purpose?
(A) Financial aid against their local regional rivals
was granted.
(B) Protection of their interests and weapons were
given to them.
(C) Unlimited powers were allotted to them
(D) Both (A) and (B)

3. Why did people become dissatisfied with the rule of 8. Which of the following ideas did not form part of the
Communist Party of Soviet Union? early phase of India’s development policy?
(A) Because Soviet Union had tight control over all (i) Planning
the institutions. (ii) Liberalisation
(B) Because government was not accountable (iii) Co-operative Farming
towards the people.
(iv) Self-sufficiency
(C) Because people devoid of their basic fundamental
rights. Select the codes.
(D) All of the above (A) Only (ii) (B) Both (ii) and (iv)
(C) Only (iii) (D) Both (i) and (ii)
4. How the people of Soviet Union expressed their
dissatisfaction? 9. The ........... is the only ‘Tripartile UN Agency. It was
(A) In the form of protests founded in ........ in its constitution forming part of
(B) Jokes and cartoons Treaty of Versaillies.
(C) Newspapers (A) WHO, 1920 (B) ILO, 1919
(D) Magazines (C) UNICEF, 1919 (D) UNESCO, 1920
 Practice Set 8 | 49
10. The ............... intervention and the bombing of 16. Assertion (A) The economy of Soviet was more
Yugoslavia followed the inter-ethnic Civil War. developed than the rest of the world except for US.
(A) NAM (B) NATO Reason (R) After the Second World War, the Soviet

(C) CENTO (D) None of these Union became a great power.
1 1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
regarding NAM? and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(i) NAM was formed during the Cold War as an Assertion (A).
organisation of states that did not seek to formally (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
align themselves with either of the superpower but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
alliances. Assertion (A).
(ii) NAM was founded by three leaders. (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(iii) The first Non-Aligned Summit was held in (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Belgrade in year 1962. 17. Assertion (A) International organisations solve the
Select the correct codes. disputes among the countries.
(A) Both (i) and (ii) Reason (R) International organisations are helpful

(B) Both (ii) and (iii) in many ways. Nations can usually see that there are
(C) Only (ii) some things they must do together. There are issues
(D) Both (i) and (iii) that are so challenging that they can only be dealt with
12. Which of the following is the aim of the Kyoto when everyone works separately.
protocol? (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(A) To reduce the emission of gases explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
(B) To ban nuclear weapons
correct explanation of (A).
(C) To save water
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) To educate
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
13. Consider the following statements and select the
18. In which year when Britain attacked Egypt over the
correct statement(s) from the codes below.
Suez Canal issue, India led the world protest against
(i) Jawaharlal Nehru was India’s Deputy PM and
this neo-colonial invasion?
the Home Minister during the crucial period
(A) 1957 (B) 1956
immediately following independence.
(C) 1958 (D) 1959
(ii) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a historic role in
negotiating with the rulers of princely states to 19. Assertion (A) The problem was that two of the
join the Indian Union. Muslim majority provinces of British India, Punjab
and Bengal, had very large areas where the non-
(iii) The leader Potti Sriramulu of Madras resigned
Muslims were in majority.
from government job to participate in Salt
Satyagraha and advocated equality in the society Reason (R) It was decided that these two provinces

and demanded entry of Dalits in temples of would be bifurcated according to the religious majority
Madras. at the district or even lower level.
(A) Both (i) and (ii) (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(B) Both (ii) and (iii) and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(C) All of these Assertion (A).
(D) None of these (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
14. The Arab Spring did not transcend which of the
Assertion (A).
following countries?
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(A) Tunisia (B) Libya
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(C) Iran (D) Yemen
20. Consider the following statements about First Five
15. Which among the following is not an outcome of the Year Plan and select the correct statement(s).
disintegration of the USSR?
(i) The First Five Year Plan mainly addressed on
(A) End of the ideological war between the US and
the USSR. heavy industries.
(B) Birth of CIS (ii) The Plan identified the pattern of land distribution
(C) Change in balance of power in the world in the country as the principal obstacle.
order. (iii) It focused on land reforms as the key to the
(D) Crisis in the Middle East. country’s development.
50 | Practice Set 8
Codes :
27. On which of the following objectives Nehru's Foreign
(A) Both (i) and (ii) (B) Only (ii) Policy was based?
(C) Both (ii) and (iii) (D) All of these (A) To preserve the hard earned sovereignty.
21. The ‘socialist pattern of society’ as a goal was declared (B) To protect territorial integrity of India.
in which plan? (C) To promote rapid economic development.
(A) Second Five Year Plan (D) All of the above
(B) Third Five Year Plan 28. Assertion (A) The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal
(C) Fifth Five Year Plan Nehru played a crucial role in setting the national
(D) Sixth Five Year Plan agenda. He was his own Foreign Minister.
22. Trade and cooperation between India-Israel nowadays Reason (R) Thus, both as the Prime Minister and the

centres primarily on security-related deals and aid in Foreign Minister, he exercised profound influence in
areas such as .............. . the formulation and implementation of India's foreign
(A) agriculture policy.
(B) water desalination (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(C) Both (A) and (B) and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(D) None of these Assertion (A).
23. What among the following can be regarded as the (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
main advantage of the Cold War to the contemporary but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
world? Assertion (A).
(A) It benefited the newly decolonised countries by (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
more powers. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(B) It led to the emergence of the Non-alignment 29. In THE PROTECTION OF GLOBAL COMMONS
movement which offered newly decolonised what does "common" define?
people the option of not joining either (A) Individuality
alliance. (B) A group with one leader
(C) It promoted different ideologies to the world. (C) Shared by a community or group
(D) It helped the countries to choose the most (D) Not meant for anyone
suitable ideology as per their interest. 30. Saurashtra region is associated with which of at the
24. Who among the following leaders from the early following states?
years of independent India favoured a ‘pro-US foreign (A) Maharashtra (B) Bengal
policy’? (C) Odisha (D) Gujarat
(A) Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru 31. Assertion (A) As the Cold War has ended, it can be
(B) Sardar Patel seen that the role of the UN is slightly different.
(C) Dr. BR Ambedkar
(D) None of these Reason (R) The United States and its allies

emerged victorious, there was concern amongst many
25. Which of the following statements about India's governments and people that the Western countries led
nuclear policy is/are correct? by the US would be so powerful that there would be
(A) The India Nuclear Programme was started in the no check against their wishes and desires.
late 1940. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(B) It was started under the guidance of Homi J. and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Bhabha. Assertion (A).
(C) Nehru was against nuclear power and pleaded (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
disarmament. Assertion (A).
(D) All of the above (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
26. Which of the following statement(s) is/are NOT (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
correct? 32. How can we say that the Cold War managed to ensure
(i) India adopted a policy of trade liberalisation. human survival?
(ii) The trade policy reforms initiated in 1991. (A) As it avoids the risk of another world war
Select the correct codes. (B) Rival superpowers behaved as rational and
(A) Only (i) responsible actors.
(B) Only (ii) (C) As the superpowers maintained a deterrence
(C) Both (i) and (ii) relationship with each other.
(D) Neither (i) nor (ii) (D) All of the above
 Practice Set 8 | 51
33. UNICEF was created by Reason (R) At different times in China’s long history

(A) UN Development Council of dynastic rule, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Indo-China
(B) UN Security Council and Tibet accepted China’s authority.
(C) UN Development Group (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(D) UN General Assembly and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
34. Which of the following rivers flows in Madhya Assertion (A).
Pradesh? (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
(A) Narmada (B) Jalia but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
(C) Brahmaputra (D) Kosi Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
35. Who started the chipko movement?
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(A) Sunderlal Bhaguna
(B) Mahatma Gandhi 41. Consider the following statements about objectives of
(C) Panduranga Hegde establishing regional organisations.
(D) None of the above (i) To promote regional peace and stability based on
rule of law.
36. Critics of globalisation argue that globalisation will
result in ............ . (ii) To develop the countries politically so that they
(A) Cultural homogenisation can have an impact on the decision-making
(B) Cultural heterogenisation process at the global level.
(C) Greater economic growth (iii) To accelerate economic growth of the native or
(D) Creator economic disparity indigenous forces by establishing cooperation and
consensus.
37. Due to globalisation, culture of a country becomes
more diverse and distinctive, this process is called Select the correct statement(s) through following
(A) cultural complexity codes.
(B) cultural diversity (A) Both (i) and (iii)
(C) cultural homogenisation (B) Both (ii) and (iii)
(D) cultural heterogenisation (C) Only (iii)
(D) All of these
38. Assertion (A) According to few of the political
parties in India, the emergency was necessary to 42. Arrange the following events in correct sequence.
control the deteriorating condition of the country (i) Second General Elections
politics. (ii) VV Giri elected as the President of India
Reason (R) The Communist Party of India asupported
(iii) Fourth General Elections
emergency due to international interference by using (iv) Congress (R)-CPI alliance won more seats in
students as weapons for destroying democracy of the general elections
country, such bans on protest to some extent were Codes :

necessary. (A) (i), (iii), (ii) and (iv)
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true (B) (iii), (i), (iv) and (i)
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (C) (ii), (iv), (i) and (iii)
Assertion (A). (D) (iv), (iii), (i) and (ii)
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, 43. Assertion (A): The elections had to be postponed
but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of twice and finally held from October 1951 to February
Assertion (A). 1952.
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. Reason (R): But this election is referred to as the

1951 election since most parts of the country voted
39. ........... helped in establishing equality and brotherhood in January 1951.
in the society. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
(A) Social Revolution and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(B) Cultural Revolution Assertion (A).
(C) Spiritual Revolution (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
(D) Thought Revolution but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
40. Assertion (A) China had considerable influence and Assertion (A).
control on the periphery of its borders based on its (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
unique tributary system. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
52 | Practice Set 8
44. Which of the following is one of the founding members 2. (A) NATO was the first peacetime military alliance
of SAARC? the United States entered in to outside of the Western
(A) Bangladesh (B) Japan Hemisphere.
(C) Russia (D) US 3. (D) There was tight control of communist party over
45. ‘The Congress Party was a social and ideological all institution and it was not accountable to the people.
coalition.” In the light of the statement consider the Hence, the people become dissatisfied with the rule
following statements. of Communist Party of Soviet Union because Soviet
(i) The Congress was a platform for numerous interest Union had tight control over all the institutions,
groups. government was not accountable towards the people
(ii) A coalition accommodates all those who are part and people devoid of their basic fundamental rights.
of it and strike a balance on almost all issues. 4. (B) The Soviet system had become vary and
(iii) The coalition nature of Congress failed to develop authoritarian, making life very difficult for the citizens.
a greater tolerance of internal differences. Hence, the people of Soviet Union expressed their
dissatisfaction by jokes and cartoons.
Which of the above statements are correct?
5. (D) The joint enunciation of Panchsheel, the Five
(A) (i) and (ii)
Principles of Peaceful Coexistence was made by
(B) (ii) and (ii)
India with China. The five principles of peaceful
(C) Only (ii)
co-existence are mutual respect for sovereignty and
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non
46. The Constitution of India was ready and signed on interference in each others internal affairs, equality
................ . and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
(A) 26th October, 1949
6. (D) In 1948 and 1956, the implementation of several
(B) 28th November, 1949
industrial policies led to a shift towards a mixed
(C) 26th November, 1950
economy.
(D) 26th October, 1950
7. (D) They got the promise of protection, weapons, and
47. .............. is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with economic aid against their local rivals, mostly regional
the security.
neighbours with whom they had rivalries.
(A) ASEAN Economic Community
(B) ASEAN Socio Community 8. (A) Liberalisation came much later in year 1991.
(C) ASEAN Security Community 9. (B) The ILO is the only ‘Tripartile UN Agency. It
(D) ASEAN Cultural Community was founded in 1919 in its constitution forming
part of Treaty of Versaillies. ILO brings together
48. Two founder members of ASEAN are ............. and
representatives of governments, employers and
..........
workers to jointly shape policies and programmes.
(A) Australia and China
(B) Indonesia and Malaysia 10. (B) We know that The NATO intervention and the
(C) Mauritius and Myanmar bombing of Yugoslavia followed the inter-ethnic Civil
(D) Cambodia and Vietnam War. After 1991, it broke apart with several provinces
like Croatia Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
49. Bhartiya Jana Sangh was formed in ..............
declaring independence. Ethnic Serbs opposed this,
(A) 1950 (B) 1949
and a massacre of non-Serb Bosnians followed.
(C) 1951 (D) 1952
11. (C) The Non-Aligned Movement was founded and
50. Who was appointed as first Chief Election held its first conference (the Belgrade Conference)
Commissioner? in 1961 under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito of
(A) Anup Chandra Pandey
Yugoslavia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Jawaharlal
(B) Sushil Chandra
Nehru of India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and
(C) Sukumar Sen
Sukarno of Indonesia. Hence, statement given in (ii)
(D) Rajiv Kumar
is not correct about NAM.
Hints and Solutions 12. (A) The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty
1. (B) The Second World War, also known as World War adopted in 1997 that aimed to reduce the emission of
II, was fought between the Axis powers and the Allied gases that contribute to global warming.
powers from 1939 to 1945. The Axis powers included 13. (B) We know that Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a
Germany, Italy, and Japan, while the Allied powers historic role in negotiating with the rulers of princely
included France, Great Britain, the United States, the states to join the Indian Union and the leader Potti
Soviet Union, and China. Sriramulu of Madras resigned from government job to

participate in Salt Satyagraha and advocated equality
in the society and demanded entry of Dalits in temples
of Madras.
14. (C) We know that the Arab Spring did not transcend
Iran. The Caspian Coast experiences steady rainfall
throughout the year. Spring in Iran coincides with
Norwuz, the Persian New year, and last from march
to May.
15. (D) Crisis in the middle East was driven by oil politics
and can be regarded as an volatile situation of the Gulf
region characterised by an ethnic conflict between the
Shia and Sunni Muslim sects. Hence, it was not an
outcome of the disintegration of the USSR.
16. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
17. (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
18. (B) Britain along with France and Israel invaded Egypt
to recover control to the Suez Canal in 1956.
19. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
20. (C) We know that the Plan identified the pattern
of land distribution in the country as the principal
obstacle and It focused on land reforms as the key
to the country’s development. The five first-five year
plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in
the development of the primary sector.
21. (A) Social ownership or control of the principal means
of production, progressive speeding up, of production,
and finally equitable distribution of national wealth.
Hence, the he ‘socialist pattern of society’ as a goal
was declared in Second Five Year Plan.
22. (C) Trade and cooperation between India-Israel
nowadays centres primarily on security-related
deals and aid in areas such as agriculture and water
desalination. India is Israel’s third largest trade partner
in Asia and seventh largest globally.
23. (B) The main advantage of the Cold War to the
contemporary world is 'It led to the emergence of
the Non- alignment movement which offered newly
colonised people the option of not joining either
alliance'.
24. (C) Dr BR Ambedkar’ interest in more direct aspects
of foreign policy had emerged in his resignation letter
from the Union Cabinet on 10th October, 1951. DR
BR Ambedkar favoured a 'pro-US foreign policy.
25. (D) We know that The India Nuclear Programme
was started in the late 1940. It was started under the
guidance of Homi J. Bhabha a nd Nehru was against
nuclear power and pleaded with the superpowers for
comprehensive nuclear disarmament. India will only
use a nuclear weapon retaliation to a country’s attempt
of attacking India, its states of its army with a nuclear
weapon.
Practice Set 8 | 53
26. (C) India initiated a wide-ranging program of trade
liberalization and economic deregulation in 1991.
The goal of these reforms was to integrate the Indian
economy more closely with the world economy.
The reforms include:
zz Reducing import duties: across all segments of
industry and agriculture
zz Easing quantitative restrictions on imports
zz Abolishing the requirement of obtaining a license for
all industries except alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous
chemicals, industrial explosives, electronics,
aerospace, and drugs and pharmaceuticals
27. (D) The objectives Nehru's Foreign Policy on which
was based, are
(i) To preserve the hard earned sovereignty.
(ii) To protect territorial integrity of India.
(iii) To promote rapid economic development.
28. (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
29. (C) "Commons" are those resources that are not owned
by anyone but rather shared by a community.
30. (D) Saurashtra, also known as Kathiawar, is a
peninsular region of Gujarat, India, located on the
Arabian Sea coast. It covers about a third of Gujarat
state, notably 11 districts of Gujarat, including Rajkot
District.
31. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
32. (D) Cold war definitely managed to ensure human
survival. In the even of a nuclear damage would have
been done to both the sides, and no body could come
out as a winner.
33. (D) UNICEF, originally known as the United Nations.
International Children’s Emergency Fund, was created
by United Nations General Assembly on 11 December
1946.
34. (A) Narmada river flows in Madhya Pradesh.
35. (A) The Chipko Movement gained momentum under
Sunderlal Bahuguna, an activist, who spent his
whole life persuading and educating the villagers, to
protest against the destruction of the forests and the
Himalayan mountains by the government.
36. (D) We know that critics of globalisation argue that
globalisation will result in creator economic disparity.
37. (D) We know that due to globalisation, culture of a
country becomes more diverse and distinctive, this
process is called cultural heterogenisation. Today’s
society is becoming more culturally diverse day by
day. Meaning that we are moving towards sameness
each day and moving away from difference as days
move on.
54 | Practice Set 8
38. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
39. (A) Social Revolution helped in establishing equality
and brotherhood in the society. The lands of the rich
were seized. The church came under the control of the
state. A uniform system of administration came to be
enforced throughout the country. People were ensure
liberty and brotherhood
40. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
41. (D) The objectives of establishing regional
organisations are
(i) To promote regional peace and stability based on
rule of law.
(ii) To develop the countries politically so that they
can have an impact on the decision-making
process at the global level.
(iii) To accelerate economic growth of the native or
indigenous forces by establishing cooperation and
consensus.
42. (A) The correct sequence of the events is (i), (iii), (ii)
and (iv).
(i) Second General Elections – 1957
(ii) VV Giri elected as the President of India – 1969
(iii) Fourth General Elections – 1967
(iv) Congress (R)-CPI alliance won more seats in
general elections – 1970
43. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
44. (A) SAARC was established in 1985 with Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri
Lanka as its founding members.
45. (A) Statements given in i) and (ii) are correct in the
context of the given statement.
46. (B) The Republic is governed in terms of the
Constitution of India which was adopted by the
constitution constituent Assembly on 26th November,
1949, and come in to force on 26th January 1950.
47. (D) ASEAN Cultural Community established in 1994,
the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is an important
platform for security dialogue in the Indo-Pacific.
48. (B) The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, was
established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand
with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration by the
founding Father of ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
49. (C) Bhartiya Jana Sangh
Founder - Syama Prashad Mukherjee
Founded - 21 October 1951
Dissolved - 23 June 1977
Split from - Hindu Mahasabha
50. (C) Sukumar Sen, in his role as the Chief Election
Commissioner of India, was charged with overseeing
the 1952 India General Election, which was the first
election in the history of Independent India.
rrr