CHAPTER 12

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND IT’S PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

How Language Develops?

Language development is a complex process that begins at birth and continues throughout life.
Babies start by babbling and imitating the sounds they hear. As they grow, they learn words,
grammar, and syntax through exposure to language.

Language development is influenced by a child's environment, interactions with caregivers, and

exposure to different languages. Bilingual children may go through a slightly different language
development process as they navigate between two or more languages. Overall, language
develops through a combination of biological, cognitive, and social factors.

It is important that educators or either we the future educators are aware that there are children who
acquire two or more languages simultaneously or a second language later in their education, and those
with language learning problems. Learners or students are exposed to more than one language either form
infancy or later on are influenced in addition by a number of personal and external factors.
INTODUCTION TO LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Language development starts at an early and progresses through various stages.

Vocabulary grammar, and language use are key aspects of language development.

Factors influencing language development include environment, culture, and individual

differences.

STAGES OF LANGAUGE DEVELOPMENT

PRELINGUISTIC STAGE

Babies communicate through crying, cooing, and body language before using words. This stage
typically lasts from birth to about 12 months.

SINGLE WORD STAGE

Children start using words to convey complete thoughts. This stage usually occurs between 12 to
18 months.

TWO-WORD STAGE
Kids begin to form simple sentences by combining two words. It usually starts around 18 to 24
months.

ILLUSTRATION OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

LANGAUGE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

 Pre- linguistic Stage: The period before a child’s first words, characterized by the use of
gestures, sounds, and facial expressions to communicate.
 Vocabulary Development: The process of acquiring new words and their meanings. This
includes the use of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
 Pragmatics and Discourse: The ability to use language for different purposes, such as
requesting, commenting, and engaging in conversation.

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

 Babbling Phase First Words Vocabulary Growth

6-9 MONTHS 12 MONTHS 2 YEARS

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

BEHAVIORIST THEORY
This theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors in language learning. It suggests
that language is acquired through imitation, reinforcement, and association.

COGNITIVE THEORY
 The cognitive theory focuses on the mental processes involved in language learning, such as
problem-solving, memory, and attention. It views language development as a part of overall
cognitive development.
SOCIOLTURAL THEORY
This theory highlights the social and cultural context of language learning. It proposes that
language is acquired through social interaction and that culture plays a crucial role in shaping
language development.

PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

LANGAUGE DEVELOPMENT
 The stages of language development, including pre-linguistic, single words, and multi-
word stages.
 Factors influencing language development, such as environment stimuli and social
interactions.
 The role of language development in cognitive and academic growth.

PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
  The stages of language development, including pre-linguistic, single words, and multi-
word stages.
 Factors influencing language development, such as environmental stimuli and social
interactions.
 The role of language development in cognitive and academic growth.

CONCLUSION- The Influence of Language Development on Education

Language development Early identification and The learning environment

significantly impacts literacy
and academic lalaLang
achievement
from an early age.
intervention for language and teaching strategies play a
development issues are crucial role in supporting
essential for promoting language development
positive education outcomes. outcomes.

1
2 3
PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS- refers to the consequences or results of applying a particular
teaching method or approach. It involves considering how specific teaching methods or
approaches impact the learning process, student engagement, and educational outcomes.

INTERVENTIONS FOR DEVELOPING LANGUAGE AND FACILITATING EMERGING

LITERACY AMONG CHILDREN

1. Use lots of vocalization interaction during the early months. This can lead to turn
talking.

- This turn-taking is fundamental for language development as it sets the foundation for
conversation skills later in life. By responding to the baby's sounds and gestures, caregivers can
help them understand the dynamics of communication and develop important social and linguistic
abilities.

2. Use stressed, clearly intoned, and repeated utterances. This can lead to turn talking
and active participation.

- It is important for a baby's growth to use emphatic, clearly informed, and repeated utterances
during vocalization engagement. When guardians emphasize and clearly explain their words, the
baby is more likely to focus on speech sounds and patterns. Such interactions lay the groundwork
for later conversation abilities and language development, as the baby learns the fundamentals of
communication through these early encounters.

3. Refer to objects, events, and qualities within sentences while showing and speaking
to the child. This lead to lexical development.

- By talking about things around them and describing what they see, hear, and feel, you are
helping the child understand the meaning of words and how they relate to the world. This kind of
interaction allows the child to associate words with real-life experiences, which is crucial for their
language development.

4. Attend to and acknowledge the child’s reference to objects, events, and qualities.
This leads to further lexical development and good affect.

- When you attend to and acknowledge what your child is pointing at or talking about, you're
helping them learn new words and understand the world around them.

5.)Read to the child. This can help in emergent literacy.

- Reading to a child is an essential activity that can significantly aid in emergent literacy, which
refers to the development of language and literacy skills in early childhood. This exposure to
language and literacy from an early age lays the groundwork for the child's future reading and
writing abilities, making it a crucial aspect of their cognitive and linguistic development.
6. Provide opportunities to scribble and draw. This can help in emergent literacy.

- Giving children the chance to scribble and draw is really important for helping them learn to read
and write. When kids scribble and draw, they start to understand that marks on paper can
represent words and ideas. This is called "emergent literacy" because it's the first step towards
being able to read and write. So, by letting kids scribble and draw, we're helping them develop
the skills they need to become good readers and writers later on.

To Sum it up!

Each child develops at their own pace, so these interventions should be adapted to individual
needs and interests. Additionally, creating a supportive and language-rich environment at home
and in educational settings is key to promoting language and literacy skills in children.

MULTILANGUAGE LEARNING

Multilingual learning refers to the process of acquiring proficiency in multiple languages. It

encompasses the development of language and literacy skills in more than one language. For
multilingual learners, the focus is on acquiring proficiency in languages other than their native
tongue, which is particularly crucial for success in school and life, especially for multilingual
learners in the US who need to acquire proficiency in English. Techniques and strategies such as
explicit phonics teaching, increased repetition, meaningful exposure to new words, and the
development of academic language skills are essential for the successful literacy development of
multilingual learners.

When it comes to Multilanguage Learning, these suggestions were found effective in

studies on emergent literacy.

1. Reassure families that bilingualism is possible, desirable, and supports language development.

2. Speak to bilingual children in the same manner as to monolingual children. This will expose the
child to other languages in a natural way.

3. Address and include children who speak another language. This helps language development,
even if they do not initially understand.

4. Use language consistently at the nursery and reassure parents that they should do so at home.
This helps with bilingual language development.

5. Suggest to parents that providing a good model of a language will assist children.

6. Help parents make the appropriate language choice for use with their child.
 In addressing the needs of learners with disabilities, there are suggestions for
interventions to effectively facilitate their progress in language development.

1. Work cooperatively with the aid that accompanies the child.

Working cooperatively with the aid that accompanies the child with disabilities involves
collaborating with adults involved in the child's care and education to support their development.
It means working together as equals, whether it's the caregivers, special educators, or therapists,
to ensure the child receives the best possible support and opportunities for growth. This
collaboration can include sharing information, aligning strategies, and collectively working towards
the common goal of helping the child succeed in their educational journey

2. Interact as normally as possible with these children.

Interacting normally with children who have disabilities involves treating them with respect,
patience, and understanding. It's important to communicate clearly, use simple language, and give
them time to process information and respond. Engage them in activities that cater to their abilities
and interests, and be inclusive and supportive of their needs. Creating a safe and welcoming
environment where they feel valued and accepted. Additionally, it's essential to educate others
about the importance of inclusive interactions and to advocate for the rights and needs of children
with disabilities.
 3. Be aware of both the techniques that can be used to communicate with these
children and the particular constraints that these children have in processing language
information.

Children with disabilities may face physical and environmental barriers to communication. Using
gestures such as pointing, nodding, and focused eye contact can help enhance communication for
these children. It's important to engage the child through eye contact and repeat instructions and
guidelines to ensure their understanding. Children with learning disabilities or language delays may
experience processing delays, affecting their ability to keep up in the classroom. It's crucial to use
tangible materials, break down tasks, and give them extra time to process information to support their
learning. Additionally, operant-based models of applied behavior analytic (ABA) intervention have
been effective at increasing communication for individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. This
emphasizes the importance of early, intensive, and individualized intervention, as well as the inclusion
of families in education and training.

Implications of the Perspectives for Fostering Emergent Literacy Development

DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

This perspective aims to target knowledge and skills that are built upon one another in facilitating
the child towards conventional literacy. It is important to understand how children acquire
emergent literacy knowledge and skills. In order to determine child’s progress, McCormick and
Mason (1980) stressed the importance of giving evaluation on the child’s emergent literacy
development.

For Stormmen and Mates (2000), professionals must

1. Formulate a hypothesis regarding the child’s idea of reading

Children go through different stages of cognitive development, and their understanding of

reading evolves as they grow. For example, a child in the preoperational stage might see
reading as a magical activity, associating it with storytelling and imagination. As they progress
to the concrete operational stage, they may view reading as a means to gather information and
learn about the world. This hypothesis considers how a child's cognitive development influences
their concept of reading.

2. Introduce new skills for and ideas about reading

Children's understanding of reading evolves as they go through different stages of cognitive

development. In the early stages, children learn to recognize letters and their sounds,
understand the concept of words, and develop basic reading skills. As they progress, they learn
to comprehend and interpret texts, infer meanings, and make connections between different
pieces of information. This progression ultimately leads to advanced reading skills such as
critical thinking, analyzing, and evaluating texts. Therefore, from a developmental perspective,
reading skills evolve from basic decoding to complex comprehension and critical thinking
abilities.

3. Set goals for reading performance that consider the child’s ideas about reading

It's important to consider the developmental perspective and the child's ideas about reading.
Understanding the child's cognitive and emotional development, interests, and learning style is
essential. Goals should be tailored to the child's individual needs, ensuring they are challenging
yet achievable. This approach fosters a positive attitude towards reading and encourages the
child to engage with materials that align with their interests, thereby promoting a love for
reading and continuous improvement.

Components Perspective

In developing a child’s emergent literacy development, specific knowledge and skills must be
identified and targeted. Examples of these are print meaning and print form.

 PRINT MEANING
 This centers on the idea that printed text contained meaning. Knowledge and skills related to
print meaning are important in the development of reading comprehension. In promoting
print meaning, activities such as dialogic and shared book reading are effective.

 PRINT FORM

Decoding abilities of children are dependent on the knowledge and skills of children in terms
of print form which can also aid in the skills and knowledge in phonological and orthographic
processers as include in the framework of Vam Kleeck.

CHILD AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES PERSPECTIVE

The emphasis in this perspective falls on comprehensive family literacy practices that enable
children to achieve conventional literacy. The literacy environment of a child can also have
positive effects on the child’s emergent literacy.

COMBINED PERSPECTIVE

Combining perspectives can offer a more comprehensive approach to intervention compared

to solely using one perspective.

 EMBEDDED-EXPLICIT APPROACH
Basic goals involve development of basic literacy skill linked with reading achievement and
positive literacy learning attitude in children and an understanding of the function and
intention of literacy via literacy-embedded activities. The two goals reflect that of
components perspective and child and environmental influences perspective.

Thank you^^