Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2019 STEP 2 Mark Scheme
2019 STEP 2 Mark Scheme
2019
Mark Scheme
Gradient of tangent is
𝑔 𝑎 𝑎 𝑝 𝑔’ 𝑎
𝐴 𝑎 𝑞 𝑎 𝑟 M1
𝐴 𝑟 𝑞 A1
(4 marks)
(ii) By symmetry, the gradient of the second tangent is
𝐴 𝑝 𝑞 (can be implied) B1
Parallel iff
M1
𝑝 𝑞 𝑞 𝑟
⇔𝑞 𝑝 𝑟 𝑞 A1
since 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟. E1
Tangent at 𝑥 𝑞,
𝑦 𝐴 𝑞 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑥 𝑞 , M1
Meets curve again when
𝑞 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑥 𝑞 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑟 𝑥 𝑞
⇔ 𝑞 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑟 since 𝑥 𝑞 M1
(cancellation must be justified for M1, can be awarded if used
correctly on 𝑥 𝑞 𝑥 𝑝 𝑟 𝑞 later)
⇔ 𝑥 𝑞 𝑥 𝑝 𝑟 𝑞 0 M1
⇔𝑥 𝑝 𝑟 𝑞 or 𝑥 𝑞 A1
J
© UCLES 31 STEP MATHEMATICS 2 2019
STEP II 2019 Mark Scheme
2 Sketch with areas
𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑓 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 and rectangle G1 G1
correctly identified. (One mark any one)
(2 marks)
(i) 𝑔 0 𝑔 0 1 0 factorised M1
𝑔 0 real so 𝑔 0 0 (must be justified) A1 (AG)
1 3𝑔 𝑡 1 𝑔′ 𝑡 M1
3𝑔 𝑡 1 0 so 𝑔 𝑡 0 A1 (AG)
𝑔 2 𝑔 2 2 0
𝑔 2 1 𝑔 2 𝑔 2 2 0 M1
Δ 7 0 so 𝑔 2 1 or g(2)>0 justified A1
𝑔 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 B1
𝑔 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2𝑔 2 𝑔 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 M1
A1
(9 marks)
(ii) ℎ 𝑡 𝑔 𝑡 2 M1
so ℎ 0 𝑔 2 1 and ℎ 𝑡 0 A1
ℎ 8 2 ℎ 8 2ℎ 8 5 0 M1
ℎ 8 2 correctly justified A1
ℎ 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 2 B1
ℎ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ℎ 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 16 (or similar correct equation) M1 A1
ℎ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 16 𝑠 𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠
16 2𝑠 (integration)
M1
12
A1
(9 marks)
|𝑥 ⋯ 𝑥 𝑥 | |𝑥 ⋯ 𝑥 | |𝑥 |
⋯ E1
|𝑥 | ⋯ |𝑥 | |𝑥 | by induction
(2 marks)
(i) (a) |𝑓 𝑥 1| |𝑎 𝑥 ⋯ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 |
|𝑎 𝑥| ⋯ |𝑎 𝑥 | |𝑥 | M1
|𝑎 ||𝑥| ⋯ |𝑎 ||𝑥| |𝑥| M1
𝐴 |𝑥| ⋯ |𝑥| |𝑥| M1
𝐴 |𝑥| ⋯ |𝑥| |𝑥| (justified) M1
| | | |
𝐴 M1
| |
| |
𝐴 (justified) A1 (AG)
| |
(6 marks)
(b) 1 | | M1
using 𝑓 𝜔 0
| |
1 𝐴 1 |𝜔| (with sign of 1 |𝜔| justified) A1 (AG)
𝐴 1 1 |𝑤| B1 (AG)
(3 marks)
(c) If |𝜔| 1,
0 𝜔 𝑓 M1
1 𝑎 𝜔 ⋯ 𝑎 𝜔 𝜔
Inequalities continue to hold since |𝑎 | 𝐴 E1
(3 marks)
(ii) 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 B1
Use 𝐴 1. M1
M1
Integer roots with |𝜔| 2 could only be 1 or 2
(6 marks)
(4 marks)
(ii) 𝑥 𝑥 B1
sin cos
2 2
1 𝑥 𝑥 M1
sin cos
2 2 2
E1
⋯ (convincing use of induction or repeated application)
𝑥 sin 2𝑥
cos 𝑥 A1
2 2 sin
2
𝑥 𝑥
log 𝑐𝑜𝑠 log sin 2𝑥 log 𝑠𝑖𝑛 log 2 M1 (diff)
2 2
M1
1 𝑥 1 𝑥 (division)
tan 2 cot 2𝑥 cot
2 2 2 2
(justified with differentiation) A1 (AG)
(7 marks)
(iii) B1 – switch to product starting at 0
M1 – set up as limiting case of product to n
M1 – apply small angle for sin
A1 – correct answer
𝑥 sin 2𝑥
cos 𝑥 M1
2 2 sin cos 𝑥
2
2 sin 𝑥 M1
𝑥
2 sin
2
sin 𝑥
~ 𝑥 M1
2
2
sin 𝑥 A1 (AG)
𝑥
M1
1
lim
→ 𝜋/4
2
2
A1
4
𝜋 (9 marks)
Period 2
⇔𝑎 𝑓 𝑓 𝑎 M1
⇔0 𝑎 𝑝 1 2𝑎𝑝 𝑝𝑎 𝑎 (factorisation) M1
⇔0 𝑎 𝑝 𝑎 1 𝑎 1 𝑝 𝑎 1 A1
If 𝑝 3, 𝑎 1 so not period 2. B1
If 𝑝 1, 𝑎 1 𝑝 so not period 2. B1
(12 marks)
(ii) No value of 𝑎 for which the sequence is constant
⇔𝑓 𝑎 𝑎 has no solution E1 ()
⇔𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 or 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 for all 𝑥 E1 ()
At a stationary point,
E1
1 𝑦 𝑥 2 1 0 so minimum
𝑌 2 M1
log 𝑌 2 𝑥 𝑐 M1
𝑌 2 𝐴𝑒
𝑦 𝑥 2 𝐴𝑒 A1
𝑦 0 0⇒𝐴 2 M1
𝑦 0 3⇒𝐴 1 (attempt at both)
So 𝑦 𝑥 2 2𝑒
So 𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑒 (both)
(12 marks)
(ii) If 𝑦 𝑚𝑥 𝑐,
Then the differential equation becomes
𝑚 𝑚𝑥 𝑐 4 𝑚𝑥 𝑐 𝑥 4𝑥 2𝑥 𝑚𝑥 𝑐 3
0 𝑚 2𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝑚𝑐 4𝑚 4 2𝑐 𝑐 4𝑐 3 𝑚
From 𝑥 : 𝑚 1
From 𝑥: 2𝑚𝑐 4𝑚 4 2𝑐 2𝑐 4 4 2𝑐 0
Solutions: 𝑦 𝑥 2 √2
𝑦 𝑥 4 𝑦 𝑥 3 (writing as a function of 𝑦 𝑥) M1
𝑦 𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑥 1
Stationary pts: 𝑦 𝑥 1 or 𝑦 𝑥 3 A1
G1
Curve does not intersect other solutions
G1
Curve has stationary points on correct lines
(8 marks)
(8 marks)
(ii) 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂 𝟐 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂 𝟑 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂 𝟒 1 and cyclic permutations M1
Linear combination of these equations M1
𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 ⋅ 𝒂𝟒 (legitimately obtained) A1 (AG)
(3 marks)
(a) Angles ∠𝐴 𝑂𝐴 ∠𝐴 𝑂𝐴 M1
By symmetry, ∠𝐴 𝑂𝐴 ∠𝐴 𝑂𝐴
The 𝒂𝒊 are distinct and unit length so no angles are zero (accept M1
justification by sketch)
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 is a rectangle A1
(3 marks)
(b) 𝐴 𝐴 𝒂 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟏 2𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟐 M1
2 2𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟐 M1
By symmetry, 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂 𝟒 M1
𝟏
So 𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝒂𝟐 A1
𝟑
M1
So 𝐴 𝐴
√
𝐴 𝐴 A1
√
(6 marks)
(2 marks)
(ii) 𝑓 𝐽 𝑓 𝐽 M1
𝑓 𝐼 1 M1
⇒𝑓 𝐽 1 since 𝑓 𝐽 1 A1
𝑐 𝑑 0 1 𝑎 𝑏 M1
𝑓 𝑓
𝑎 𝑏 1 0 𝑐 𝑑
𝑎 𝑏
𝑓 legitimately obtained A1 (AG)
𝑐 𝑑
𝑑 𝑐 𝑐 𝑑 0 1
𝑓 𝑓 M1
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 1 0
𝑐 𝑑 A1 (AG)
𝑓 legitimately obtained
𝑎 𝑏
(7 marks)
(iii) Using first equality in previous part (or otherwise correctly justified)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 M1
𝑓 𝑓
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏
𝑓 0 M1
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑓 𝑓 𝑲 M1
𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
0 A1 (AG)
(4 marks)
(iv) 1 𝑘 B1
𝑲 𝑷𝑲
0 1
𝑓 𝑲 𝑓 𝑲 𝐹 𝑰 1⇒𝑓 𝑲 𝑓 𝑲 M1
2 1 B1
𝑷
1 0
𝑓 𝑷 𝑓 𝑷 ⇒𝑓 𝑷 0 or 1 M1
𝑷 𝟏 exists so 𝑓 𝑷 𝑓 𝑷 1⇒𝑓 𝑷 0 A1
(7 marks)
𝒓 2𝑢 𝑡 3𝑢𝑔𝑡 sin 𝛼 𝑔 𝑡 M1 A1
𝑡 2𝑢 3𝑢𝑔𝑡 sin 𝛼 𝑔 𝑡 M1
𝑡 2𝑢 𝑢 sin 𝛼 𝑔𝑡 𝑢 sin 𝛼 M1
√ M1
If sin 𝛼 , then 2𝑢 𝑢 sin 𝛼 0
and distance is always increasing. A1 (AG)
√
If sin 𝛼 , then distance is decreasing at 𝑡 sin 𝛼 M1
Landing occurs at 𝑡 sin 𝛼, which is later E1
(Or imagine falls through ground. Distance increasing while
underground, so any decrease must be above ground)
(11 marks)
(ii) 𝑢𝑡 cos 𝛼 𝑣𝑡
𝒓 𝑢𝑡 sin 𝛼 𝑔𝑡
B1
𝑢 sin 𝛼
(9 marks)
𝜇 𝑇 sin 𝜃 A1
(6 marks)
(iii) Attempt to solve breaking inequality for 𝑘 M1
Breaks at 𝑘 A1
(8 marks)
Total 1 2 3 2 12
𝒏𝟑 𝟏𝟎 M1
𝑛 1; 𝑛 has no options
𝑛 2; 𝑛 9
𝑛 3; 𝑛 9, 8
𝑛 4; 𝑛 9, 8, 7
𝑛 5; 𝑛 9, 8, 7, 6
𝑛 6; 𝑛 9, 8, 7
𝑛 7; 𝑛 9, 8
𝑛 8; 𝑛 9
𝑛 0; 𝑛 has no options
Total 1 2 3 4 2 4 16 A1 (both
totals
correct)
𝒏𝟑 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
Total ways 1 ⋯ 𝑛 1 2 (method mark may be M1
implicit) A1
𝑛 1 𝑛
𝒏𝟑 𝟐𝒏 M1
Total ways 1 ⋯ 𝑛 1 2 𝑛 1 (method mark may
be implicit) A1
𝑛 1
(7 marks)
(ii) Total number of pairs is
𝑁 1 𝑁 2 M1
𝑵 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
Prob A1 (AG)
𝑵 𝟐𝒏
Prob A1
(4 marks)
𝑛 1
2𝑛 1
6 M1 A1
2𝑀 1 2𝑀 2𝑀 1
1 𝑛 1
⋅ 2𝑛 2𝑛 1 2𝑛 1 2𝑛 2
2 2𝑛 1
(Use of formula for binomial coefficients with factorials cancelled)
3 M1
𝑛 1 2𝑛 1
𝑀 2𝑀 1 2𝑀 1
M1
Use of ∑ 𝑘 𝐾 𝐾 1 2𝐾 1 to simplify above
3 1 1 M1
𝑀 𝑀 1 2𝑀 1 3 𝑀 𝑀 1
𝑀 2𝑀 1 2𝑀 1 3 2
𝑀
1
4𝑀 3𝑀 1
2 2𝑀 1 2𝑀 1
4𝑀 1 𝑀 1
2 2𝑀 1 2𝑀 1
M1 A1
(9 marks)
𝔼 𝑋 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 M1
M1 A1
𝜎 (AG)
(5 marks)
(ii) √
LQ , UQ M1
√
IQR A1
√
2𝜎 B1
Argument correct A1
(7 marks)
(iii) 𝑛 𝑛 1
1 𝑥 1 𝑛𝑥 𝑥 ⋯ A1
2
𝑛 𝑛 1 ⋯ 𝑛 𝑘 1
𝑥 ⋯ A1
𝑘!
/ /
LQ and Median B1
1 1 𝑛 2 M1
/
So 𝜇 A1
1 1 1 𝑛 1 𝑛 1
1 1 𝑛 ⋯ ⋯ M1
𝜇 𝑛 𝑛 2! 𝑛 𝑘! 𝑛
1 1 1
1 ⋯ ⋯ M1
1! 2! 𝑘!
4
/
So 𝜇 A1
(8 marks)