PATIENT: NANCY WAKUTHII DOCTOR: EPGH

SEX: F AGEA: 32 YRS DATE: 26/04/2016

TEST RESULTS

VDRL (khan Test) …………………… NEGATIVE

The VDRL test's ability to detect syphilis depends on the stage of the disease.
The test's sensitivity to detect syphilis nears 100% during the middle stages;
it is less sensitive during the earlier and later stages.
Some conditions may cause a false positive test, including:
HIV, Lyme disease, certain types of pneumonia, Malaria, Systemic lupus
erythematosus . A previously treated infection may still pick antibodies if
they have not cleared. A positive test should be confirmed through
Treponema pallidum hema-agglutination test (TPHA).

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PATIENT: NANCY WAKUTHII DOCTOR: EPGH

TECHNOLOGIST: Supervisor:

Signature:___________ ______________________
SEX: F AGEA: 32 YRS DATE: 26/04/2016
TEST
RESULTS REF. VALUE
URINE:
URINALYSIS AND MICROSCOPY
Appearance…………………………. TURBID
Colour……………………………… PALE AMBER
URINE CHEMISTRY:
Specific gravity………………………... 1.030 (1.015 - 1.030)
Reaction (pH)………………………….. 6.0 (4.7 - 7.8)
Protein…………………………………… NEGATIVE
Glucose………………………………….. NEGATIVE
Ketones………………………………….. NEGATIVE
Blood……………………………………. TRACE
Leucocytes…………………………… +++
Nitrites……………………………….. NEGATIVE
Others…………………………………… NEGATIVE
URINE MICROSCOPY:
Erythrocytes…………… 1-2/HPF
Epithelial Cells………………… +++
Pus cells……………………… 4-6/HPF
Urinary Casts………………………… NIL
Bacteria……………………………… NIL
Calcium oxalate ………………………… NIL
Yeast cells………………………………… NIL
Others………………………………………. NIL
COMMENT
The urinalysis is used as a screening and/or diagnostic tool because it can help detect substances or
cellular material in the urine associated with different metabolic and kidney disorders. It is ordered
widely and routinely to detect any abnormalities that require follow up. Often, substances such as
protein or glucose will begin to appear in the urine before patients are aware that they may have
a problem. It is used to detect urinary tract infections (UTI) and other disorders of the urinary tract.
In patients with acute or chronic conditions, such as kidney disease, the urinalysis may be ordered at
intervals as a rapid method to help monitor organ function, status, and response to treatment.

TECHNOLOGIST: Supervisor:

Signature:___________ ______________________
PATIENT: NANCY WAKUTHII DOCTOR: EPGH

SEX: F AGEA: 32 YRS DATE: 26/04/2016

TEST RESULTS

BLOOD GROUP O Rhesus POSITIVE

Blood group O (or blood group zero in some countries) individuals do not
have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, but their blood
serum contains IgM anti-A and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group
antigens. Therefore, a group O individual can receive blood only from a group O
individual, but can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood group
(i.e., A, B, O or AB). If a patient in a hospital situation were to need a blood
transfusion in an emergency, and if the time taken to process the recipient's
blood would cause a detrimental delay, O Negative blood can be issued.

TECHNOLOGIST: Supervisor:

Signature:___________ ______________________
PATIENT: NANCY WAKUTHII DOCTOR: EPGH

SEX: F AGEA: 32 YRS DATE: 26/04/2016

TEST RESULTS UNITS REF. VALUE

HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL ( HB): 12.7 g/dl (12.5 – 16.0 )Woman

COMMENT:
Anemia: There are many reasons for anemia, some of the more common causes are:
Loss of blood (traumatic injury, surgery, bleeding, colon cancer or stomach ulcer),
Nutritional deficiency (iron, vitamin B12, folate),Bone marrow problems
(replacement of bone marrow by cancer),Suppression by chemotherapy drugs,
Kidney failure. Abnormal hemoglobin structure
(sickle cell anemia or thalassemia). Pregnancy. Heavy menstrual periods,
Poor absorption of iron (coeliac disease and Crohn’s disease.)
Higher than normal hemoglobin levels can be seen in people living at high
altitudes and in people who smoke. Dehydration produces a falsely high
hemoglobin which disappears when proper fluid balance is restored.
Some other infrequent causes are: advanced lung disease
(for example, emphysema), disorder of the bone marrow known as polycythemia
rubra vera. abuse of the drug erythropoietin (Epogen)

TECHNOLOGIST: Supervisor:

Signature:___________ ______________________