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AD 2 de eda 1 a> de me” le KP de o whan ae chat sh wom gf «& 4. dB Ralaetnts THe Raye of chowg® a FH aroay Slate cing og HF MS oh ee ae a. dz Qutenac ws Fare oh chongt QF batten Unie aa ceeded toy 65 ea oe eae ts ae Ae fave of vem G vert cote Comte Suefais) Le ewes a ae Crm wren BAR ean tg urntin ad dy — Qt. pat weds caress f Abit: akin AeGod ad we wane Breveade te cls Ou dus 20 Saseuasn ae tix oe CURE a ERR patente A sie wig, mst sot We Ane ib cal d Cae ack eae ete ee ey Cleve woe adem of Groom GR. on WS Urea Hist Wc, as doen O& wale vahll Yet aH. F Boe Ried eek wala aot ters of Plow of vustic ba “he a ‘ Aol Ig ee ate Jet» aS te eae(1 Gradually Varied Flow : When the changes in the characteristics, like Seoth, "velocity, discharge etc. occurs gradually along the length of the channel, is called as Gradually Varied Flow (GVF). E.g. upstream flow over dam or weir and downstream flow of sluice gate. Fig. 3.1.1 3.3.2 Rapidly Varied Flow =e When the changes in the characteristics like depth, velocities discharge ete. occis suddenly over a short length of channel is called as Rapidly Varied Flow (RVE). a beh pagans jump, and hydraulic drop. Depth variation along the channel is | Depth variation along the channel is almost gradual. sudden. 2, | Curvature of — streamlines is not | Curvature of streamline is large. excessive. 3. | Frictional resistance play an important Frictional _ resistance is telatively role. insignificant. 4, | Energy losses due to friction. Energy losses due to internal energy changes. a Pressure distribution is hydrostatic. Pressure variation cannot be taken as hydrostatic. 6. | Eg. Upstream flow over dam. | E.g. i) Hydraulic jump at downstr ae | ii) Downstream flow of sluice ofdam ~ gate. ii) Surge moving up acannel, *valion Suxtaur tvftlalt— ee ey ebeannal wf" gtoteh 00 Ploy Sas Chappel soto A catghonee fry act > Le mild Steet. corriend etstace) S: Prduonm €3 R ahe BNL A, errata abel cH) s clu) Sate So ond te Re Bo calor “Ay eS tod : 38 Prony Gy eae - 2” Hern dag SS ‘ re i cme _ ert cane Bie eo ze w Grdonsh td, Pee g doen Un) Re, Chaytrhealion § Vaaged on wo Qalakies Pofrienss of Nam nd cAALE aunty of Ber Plow, acugly ep chanel omt, Tye Rae hn Tehnott Moe Ba Ave ata. ug Tower ub Aan hy og tee: Re Ber Mus Lows Sos f chamel Bed. Ree Site hs del datos of Pla caved duws & f-lo0C Yn>8e) ig toon ee m4 ai sells = Ae pal do Sal presbagel CMa Sete ip Crtintte Son TH oy rnild Skee oSa= HE Pole Reta cau uadbie Gun SE cent ue ke ih Chew abe Plow Galo Cate ake Dina? write wo mild & ‘Aion’ ayy) e DSP shore Foofils ( £- tofilo) hy he vem down of Plao's . oes tram soe ams opm of Plas Ans Chonasl tottom @ hate Uf Kom aPa Sreoe lates Fonz) Ie eget mises br ke ow. 4 ae When & fos from Spa clanal in daerrbared By die? fad WY on Gletinathon: re Qs be spas Gre Raguumns Rs dane clown cure 4 os ie Hot Qredle Catotiaa Qaue wake Gur Sy Golile Godnied Ry wa dre eb Poo i, Berl to, . Pe anes tenn ee,AS Wordtteatind Mote ro filer tetuhy Re Liaw! Quattor ¢ Nygeneti GaduolL 48 BH (HE Be = 8) BL Waal TOY Ga UF nok clafie Im ch Poet aarall shed chawadl ok os He La, gran Yoor treadhe Aron ye toh Seat, benndon =O ce a) J Us trabl J eS) eo Se Reve EMRE Rls SS Gahan Bars lager ab ane : SX ot Plo we Mage Of etble Surfaue cold ye>¥a} Si 2 |yc>y>¥| S aoe a 0 eos Critical slope 1_|y>yn=¥e| Gr 3 lyy. | H E 3 | y S Area = A = by=20x5=100m Velocity of flow. v= Q od =0.5 mvs * Perimeter = P = b+2y=204+2x5=30m . = A _ 100 Hydraulic mean radius R= pay = om Slope of energy line by Chezy’s formula Vv = C\RS, 0.5 = 6013.33 xS, ofS; = 4.566x 10° S, = 2.08x 107° slope of free water surface dy — _So-Sr 2.5% 107*—2.08 x 10° el = 1-05 te ~981x5 , = 231x10* «Ans. aaaw: ‘A rectangular channel 7.5 m wide has a uniform depth of flow of 2.0m and has a bed slope of one in 3000. If due to weir constructed-at the downstream end of the channel, water surface at section is raised by 0.75 m, determine the water surface slope with respect to horizontal at this section. Assume Manning's n=0.02 Soin. : Given: b = T=7.5m y = 2.0m 1 Ss = 3000 n = 0.02 To find : Sy. Areaof section A = by=7.5x2=15m" Wetted perimeter. P = b+2y=75+2x2=115m Bee I eA, Mean hydraulic radius R= 8 =); = 1.304 m Discharge by manning’s formula 1 1 2 Q = AV=Ax DR”, SY = 15xptp x (1.300) x(sa55)16.35 m/s s dy So- Ss Using equation ae er f= gA Slope of energy line y manning’s equation V= i Re ce aA : SS = RB Vn y¥ Vn S, = (=) =r Fig. P.3.9.5(a) Again y’ = 2+0.75=2.75m A = by’=75x2.75 = 20.625 m P = b+2y'=7.5+2x2.75=13m R= 3. 205825 = 1.586m Q_ 16.35 ee 20,625 = 0:793 m/s ~ < . @V_0.02?x 0.793" 4 Sr = R= Caggyt = 1.359 x 10 QT _1635°x75 eA > 981 x 20,625" = 9.0733 1 = 5.55, (a55 )- 4.359 «10 Sy 2 ee ee dx 1-oF Water surface slope soe r. ae is given by, — Ww ~2.0214 x 10° 1.312 x 10°* Se Ans. Given: b=40m, y,=25m Afflux (yp-y,)=2.0m-. y)=2+25=4.5mAverage velocity 1 Vive = VR, 2B gin ‘ave S; 1 . 0386 = pq (2.9465)""(5,)!” S; = (5.6304 x 10°” S, =; dilogios: Specific energy E, = ve om 7. = E, = Yatog =45+5, 99,7 4504m Length of back water curve L E,-E 4.504 — 2.515 eee. S,-S:~ 9.091 x 10° -3.17 x 10 L = 335843 m +-Ans, Type I : Numerical by step by step method. o i Soin. 3 Given: b=20m, Q=65miss, d,=2.0m, d,=2.6m, Tofind: Length i. it wi QS _ 3.75 maim Discharge per unit width q =, = 99 =3.25m Let dn be the depth of uniform flow. ‘Area, A = by,=20Yq Wetted perimeter P = b+2y,=20+2y, ; ie anes Hydraulic radius R= p 204+2Ym Discharge Q = AXV = ax[gRes”] 23 L(y, ] 65 = 20 ya[ ata (aot Ce‘ a2 ee Dai te bp ee ge Broad cuned unite t ed — Bar Lani wie —_ ) g tk Bread cretled ysis — — De Peed wale Alem IL Cre vi Ke Rett of ube at As wil ; a 8 Re Crass Cre Kh clans 1% game of eed Artis Aooaullice ecaualee. p PoAt n'y = Bee . ’ badd o lab) FMD wwibe Sevfars ont YeGream HAs YS ict © do eb) a a aye Ze ieee zac Gee wits bal eye Y he t+ Es NPE Wh a vos CH b)xag ve XY S§CHHAD Chet 2 Cd x Qu, = Axy Qat = AX Axv See = td xeixhyyw » ape Gxuxte gearty I mag, lait = Colne xd QCA EE £55 conta, Qo = Ar x Rees Xhe Airchaage uuill be mawen © (wee. os. {aes EB d Laettiyeo atyn- 34 ee 2) Ye eso gue 3h a ve oe) S oud pole of | ae Rot = cd rele LG x [weaet (49> \ ae =caxtatix and Ban3 Qael-= cat yee ¥ | wUS— 8H [=< ack = clyr x Ag xf EHS A%g x4 Ce Qash 2 cAxexingy (ae x ie Qa CAKES? x omaaxn oe 3): Gap = cdnexdivea) x 0: 38434 2 Ge ee fern Corretnk SOE ais abdyy of Plows ake “yf Point Urownal Com as acearelely toon ge vad Ree ond conuwiend OY nis dy wrond O94 ns saga) cles sramsth Curren wacky or Gate ally upd to ergentugt “KW wily of PDoa0- cy gore ge wail = Qh B vatical anys woe we axis \ fo wat Pe wom \ulecioy of ee Por * ie ee a he Cee ae Dourls Floak @ Rad Ploaks. jp 4 Srall obsed wade of amod os Ow futruids. “vrais! ills any Teen wide, tat int oiontyy fs Float 1 Prawwnte, a 5 e. aadomc: \t are