Power Supply, System Description

IMPACT 4.07.
172 01/10/2023
Chassis ID Path
31/Description, Design and function//Power supply, system description
Model Identity
FM (4) 158059339
Publish date ID/Operation

02/09/2021
Power supply, system description

Power supply
Main power components
Description
Batteries
Alternator
BPMU
Battery charging, during normal operation
Auxiliary charging possibilities
Self-start assist
GIC60
ADR relays (option)
Power distribution
Description
Power management
Main switch
Key switch
Power modes
Vehicle modes
Power states
Other voltages
12 V
5V
Disconnecting the power
Related information
Power supply
Main power components
Overview
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.172 01/10/2023
A243 BPMU (Battery Power Management Unit)

X144 GIC60
1 Fuse box in battery box
A Starter battery side
G01C/D Starter batteries
K139 ADR (European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by
Road) slave relay (optional)
X55 Auxiliary jump start interface (AJSI)
S472 Auxiliary jump start interface, signal connector
M04 Starter motor
B Vehicle battery side
G01A/B Vehicle batteries
A28B ADR main relay (optional)
G02 Alternator
G15 Integrated battery charger (optional, not available for ADR vehicles)
Note
BBOX-L: On vehicles without ADR, the ADR slave relay (K139) is replaced with a terminal
block. The vehicle batteries and the fuse box are connected by an undivided cable, instead of
being connected via the ADR main relay (A28B).
BBOX-EF: On vehicles without ADR, the ADR main relay (A28B) and the ADR slave relay
(K139) are replaced with terminal blocks.
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Variants
Variant symbol Variant description

BBOX-EF Battery box, end of frame
BBOX-L Battery box, left-hand side
Battery system type, single. One battery pair
BATS-S
Single Energy Storage System (SESS)
Battery system type, dual. Two battery pairs
BATS-D
Dual Energy Storage System (DESS)
ADR1 Basic ADR adaption with one switch
ADR2 Basic ADR adaption with two switches
UADR Without ADR
BATTC Integrated battery charger
Description
Note
The Dual Energy Storage System (DESS) exists in two versions; DESS 1.0 and DESS 1.5.
This document describes the DESS 1.5.
Batteries
The Dual Energy Storage System, DESS, uses two sets of batteries: The starter batteries and the
vehicle batteries.
The energy in the starter batteries is reserved for the starter motor, to ensure that there is always
enough power to crank the engine.
The energy in the vehicle batteries is used for all other devices and functions, including the electronic
control units involved in starting the engine.
Alternator
The alternator is the vehicle main power source when the engine is running. It supplies the electrical
components and charges the batteries. The alternator needs power from the batteries to start. Once
the alternator is running, it is self-sufficient as long as the engine is running.
When the load is higher than the capacity of the alternator, the vehicle batteries provide the extra
power needed.
When the alternator is turned off, the batteries are the only power source in the vehicle.
BPMU
The system is divided into two sides, the starter battery side and the vehicle battery side.
The BPMU is connected to both sides. Its main purpose is to manage the charging of the starter
batteries and to handle the transfer of power between the two sides of the system, when necessary.
Battery charging, during normal operation
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The vehicle batteries are charged directly by the alternator, when the alternator is running.
The starter batteries are charged by the BPMU, using energy from the vehicle battery side.
When the BPMU recognises that a crank has been performed, or when the voltage level of the
starter batteries drops below a certain level, the BPMU switches to charging mode. The BPMU
charges the starter batteries according to a specific charging program, transferring power mainly
from the vehicle batteries and adapting it for the starter batteries. This ensures that the starter
batteries remain fully charged and in good condition.
Auxiliary charging possibilities

Integrated battery charger (option)
The integrated battery charger allows the truck to be connected to a public power network. The
charger converts 230 V AC to 24 V DC, 20 Ampere, for supplying the truck and charging the
batteries.
The integrated battery charger is optional. It is not offered for ADR vehicles.
Auxiliary Jump-Start Interface
The Auxiliary Jump-Start Interface is connected to the starter batteries. It can be used as a
connection point for an external battery charger or for assisting another vehicle in need of starting aid.
The BPMU monitors both the integrated battery charger and the auxiliary jump-start interface. When
either of them is used for charging, the BPMU will manage the distribution of the power. The BPMU
always prioritises charging the starter batteries. When the starter batteries are sufficiently charged,
the BPMU will direct the charging to the vehicle batteries.
Information about which battery pair is being charged, and their charge level is shown in the
instrument cluster. When charging via the Auxiliary Jump-Start Interface, the capacity and the
progress of the external charger is unknown to the BPMU. This can result in the information in the
instrument cluster being less accurate.
An external battery charger can also be connected to the battery terminals. However, the BPMU is
unable to monitor this type of charging, and the charging status won’t be available in the instrument
cluster.
Note
Use an external battery charger that is suitable for both the starter batteries and the vehicle
batteries. Recommended chargers are 88890330 and 88890252.
Always use a battery charger that has automatic voltage control and a minimum of 20
Ampere. Older chargers can damage the batteries and the vehicle electronics.
Self-start assist
The DESS 1.5 has a function called self-start assist. Self-start assist temporarily allows the vehicle
side of the system to use the energy from the starter batteries for starting the engine, in a situation
where the vehicle batteries don’t have enough energy to do so. The energy in the starter batteries is
used exclusively to supply the electronic control units involved in starting the engine. It will not be
used to charge the vehicle batteries.
Self-start assist is triggered by pulling out the red knob on the Auxiliary Jump-Start Interface for 3
seconds. The BPMU will connect the starter batteries to the vehicle side for 2-3 minutes. During this
time, a message in the instrument cluster will indicate that the engine can be cranked. Several
attempts can be made if necessary.
Note
The function Pre-heating is not available when using self-start assist.
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GIC60
The GIC60 is an electrical connection interface between the battery box and the rest of the electrical
system. The GIC60 connects the starter batteries to the starter motor and the vehicle batteries to the
alternator. It also connects the vehicle batteries to the integrated battery charger (when present). The
GIC60 contains three fuses and works as an interface for charging and moving energy between the
electrical systems.
ADR relays (option)

If the vehicle is equipped with ADR, there is an ADR relay located next to each set of batteries. The
ADR relays are able to disconnect power from the batteries. It is used, for example, when loading or
unloading hazardous goods, in an area classified as an explosive environment or in case of an
emergency.
The ADR slave relay is controlled by the BPMU. When the ADR main switch is turned off, the ADR
main relay opens and signals to the BPMU to open the ADR slave relay. The BPMU will detect if the
ADR slave relay does not open.
Power distribution
Overview
1 Fuse box in battery box

FMA Connection point. Power from the vehicle batteries (BBOX-L)
FMB Connection point. Power from the vehicle batteries (BBOX-EF)
FM2 Main fuse. Power from the alternator
FM1- Main fuses
FM14
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X25 Connector B+ on frame (for body builder functions)

A162 FCIOM2 (Front Chassis I/O Module)
A163 CCIOM2 (Centre Chassis I/O Module)
A164 RCIOM2 (Rear Chassis I/O Module)
A179 FAS (Front Axle Steering)
XC205 Cab pass-through, B+
A01 FRC (Fuse and Relay Centre) / VMCU2 (Vehicle Master Control Unit)
/A187
A174 ACM (Aftertreatment Control Module)
A192 EAS (Extra Axle Steering) rear
A185 Electric AC compressor
A36B BBIOM (Body Builder I/O Module)
Description
Fuse box
The power is distributed to the rest of the vehicle through the main fuses in the fuse box, located
inside the battery box.
Some components receive power directly from the fuse box. The other components in the truck
receive power through the FRC or the chassis I/O modules.
FRC/VMCU
The FRC distributes power to the components in the cab.
The VMCU is attached to the FRC and controls the relays.
Chassis
The power supplied to the components mounted on the chassis is through:
● FCIOM2
● CCIOM2
● RCIOM2
The FCIOM2 distributes power to consumers in the lower front of the chassis (front exterior lighting,
windscreen washers and outdoor temperature sensors).
The CCIOM2 distributes power to consumers at the front end of the chassis (manual gearbox,
hydraulic steering, differential lock and power take-off solenoids).
The RCIOM2 distributes power to consumers at the rear end of the chassis (rear air suspension, rear
axle steering, rear differential lock, bogie lift, rear exterior lighting and trailer functions).
The FCIOM2, CCIOM2 and RCIOM2 provide low amperage supply.
Power management
To limit power consumption, there are three aspects that control which components are supplied with
power and when and how they are allowed to use it.
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● Power mode
● Vehicle mode
● Power state
The VMCU, controls all three aspects, using the input from the main switch, ignition switch, hazard
warning light button, key fob, doors and the engine.
Main switch
For ADR vehicles, the main switch is a physical power cut-off. The main switch opens the ADR
relays to disconnect the batteries.
For vehicles without ADR, the main switch is used to put the truck in Parked mode, which sets most
of the control units in power state "Sleep" or disconnects them through relays.
Note
In non- ADR vehicles, the only way to completely break the current in the truck is to
disconnect the batteries.
Key switch
The key switch senses whether the key is inserted or removed. With the key inserted, it can be
turned to five different positions. The key switch is used to switch the power modes on and off and to
switch between the vehicle modes.
Overview
Key position Vehicle mode Precondition Power modes active

0 Hibernate Activated manually Main supply
Activated manually or
0 Parked Timer controlled; activated Main supply
automatically when the timer runs out.
Timer controlled; active while the timer
0 Living Main supply
is active
Main supply,
1 Accessory No precondition
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Accessory supply
Main supply,
2 Pre-running The engine is turned off Accessory supply,
Ignition supply
Main supply,
Spring position.
3 Pre-running Accessory supply,
Activates Pre-heating (Option)
Ignition supply
Spring position. Main supply
4 Cranking
Held until the engine is cranked Ignition supply
Main supply,
Accessory supply,
2 Running The engine is running
Ignition supply,
Engine running supply
Power modes
The power modes have different power supply circuits. They are turned on or off by the relays in the
FRC. Some of the circuits are controlled through internal relays or electronically through a control
unit.
The power modes are used in two ways, as a power supply or as a control signal.
When a component uses a power mode for power supply, the power mode determines if the
component is powered or not. The component receives power only on that particular mode.
When a component uses a power mode for control signal, it means that the component is already
supplied but not able to use the power in certain ways until the power mode is turned on.
The power modes are cumulative, meaning that multiple power modes can be active simultaneously.
For example, when the vehicle is in Running mode all the power modes are active.
Power mode Other names (for reference) Description

Always present, except for in
Main supply +30, B+, direct battery vehicles with ADR with the main
switch turned off.
When an ECU (Engine Control
Main supply, component Unit) controls the supply to
+30a
controlled another component, depending on
vehicle mode.
Accessory supply +R or +DR Added in vehicle mode Accessory
Added in vehicle mode Pre-
Ignition supply +15
running
Engine running supply +61 Added in vehicle mode Running
For information about which components are supplied or controlled by the power modes, see the
wiring diagram.
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Vehicle modes
The vehicle can operate in a number of different modes, called vehicle modes. The vehicle modes
control which functions are available in the truck, adapted to what the vehicle is used for at the
moment. For example, if the vehicle is used for living, the available functions are interior lights,
infotainment, comfort and recreation functions, while most of the other functions are limited to save
power.
There are seven vehicle modes:
● Hibernate
● Parked
● Living
● Accessory
● Pre-running
● Cranking
● Running
The vehicle mode determines if and how a component may use power.
The vehicle modes are controlled by software and communicated through CAN (Controller Area
Network).
The vehicle can be in one vehicle mode at a time.
Hibernate (workshop)
Hibernate mode is mainly used during the period between production and delivery. It is not intended
to be used by the driver.
Note
It is also used in the workshop to ensure safety and to protect the electrical system from
damage, for example when disconnecting the batteries.
This is the vehicle mode with the lowest possible power consumption. The only available functions
are the key switch, parking brake and the tachograph. In Hibernate mode the power will last for
around two months.
Note
Before delivery, the vehicle automatically enters Hibernate mode after 5 minutes of inactivity
in Living mode. After delivery, Hibernate mode can only be entered manually.
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To manually enter Hibernate mode:

1 If the vehicle has an alarm, put the alarm in service mode.
2 Remove the key from the key switch.
3 Press and release the button for the hazard warning light.
4 Within 2 seconds, press the button again and hold it depressed for 5 seconds.
If the courtesy light and interior lights are off when the door is opened, hibernate mode is
successfully entered.
To exit Hibernate mode, insert the key into the key switch.
Parked
Parked mode is designed to keep the power consumption at a low level when the driver is not using
the vehicle. For example, when the vehicle is parked and there is no need to access all functions.
In Parked mode, the power can last for about 2-4 weeks.
Note
Available functions vary depending on how Parked mode is entered. If Parked mode is
entered manually, available functions are key fob, locks and alarm. If Parked mode is entered
automatically via timer, the following functions are also available if they were active before the
vehicle entered Parked mode:
● Parking lights
● Parking cooler
● Parking heater
● Refrigerator, for a limited time according to its set timer.
● Some Body Builder functions, for a limited time according to their set timers.
Entering Parked mode manually, using the main switch
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The main switch immediately sets the vehicle in Parked mode. If the vehicle has ADR, Parked mode
is only active for 2.5 seconds and then the power is shut off.
Entering Parked mode manually, using the key fob
Press the lock button on the key fob twice. A long flash of the direction indicators followed by four
short flashes will indicate that the vehicle has entered Parked mode.
Entering Parked mode automatically, via timer

The vehicle will automatically switch from Living mode to Parked mode after being inactive for a
certain amount of time. This is controlled by two timers in the VMCU; one for key in and one for key
out.
The timer for key in starts when the key is inserted into the key switch or when the key is turned to
position 0.
The timer for key out starts when the key is removed.
Both timers are restarted when the driver or passenger door is opened or when the doors are
unlocked using the key fob.
The vehicle exits Parked mode when the doors are unlocked with the key fob, when a door is
opened or when the key is inserted into the starter switch.
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Parked mode timers
Timer Default setting

Entering parked mode automatically, key in 12 h (4 h for day cabs)
Entering parked mode automatically, key out 2h
Refrigerator 16 h
Body builder relay 4h
The timers for the refrigerator and the Body Builder relay start when Parked mode is entered
automatically. The VMCU continues to supply them with power until their timers run out.
Note
An authorised workshop can adjust the timers.
Changing the timer value will have an impact on the battery life.
The vehicle exits Parked mode and enters Living mode when the doors are unlocked with the key
fob, when a door is opened or when the key is inserted into the key switch.
Living
This mode is typically put to use when the driver takes a break or sleeps in the vehicle. In Living
mode, the vehicle is stationary and the engine is turned off.
The available functions are the power windows, electrical roof hatch, interior lights, refrigerator,
audio, phone, infotainment, navigation, USB charger, 12 V outlet, comfort and the recreation
functions.
This mode is dimensioned to handle approximately one overnight stop. Depending on the functions
used, the battery will have energy for around 12 hours before it displays an alert.
Living mode is activated when the key is inserted into the key switch or when it is turned back to
position 0.
The vehicle will exit Living mode and enter Parked mode automatically after 12 hours of inactivity (4
hours for day cabs) with the key inserted in the key switch and after 2 hours with the key removed.
The timer restarts after every time Living mode is activated.
Manually setting the vehicle in Parked mode or turning the key to the next position will also exit
Living mode.
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Accessory
Accessory mode is similar to Living mode, but with additional functions active. Accessory mode is
normally used when the driver is sitting in the driver seat and preparing for departure.
The available functions are the climate, wipers, mirror adjustment and the coffee maker.
It is not recommended to stay in this mode longer than 2 hours to avoid draining the batteries.
Accessory mode is activated when the key is turned to position 1 and then stays active for as long as
it remains in this position.
Exit Accessory mode by turning the key to the next or the previous position.
Pre-running
This mode is used just before starting the engine. It activates the engine subnet and other engine
starting aid functions, if necessary. All functions are available except those that require the engine to
be running.
This vehicle mode consumes the most power. Pre-running is used to prepare the engine for cranking
and do not stay in this mode for more than 10 minutes.
Pre-running mode is activated when the key is turned to position 2, without the engine running. It
stays active for as long as it remains in this position.
Exit Pre-running mode by turning the key to the next or the previous position.
Pre-heating
Pre-heating is an optional function, it is not a vehicle mode. Key position 3 activates this function. In
vehicles without pre-heating, the position does not have any significance.
When the key is turned to position 3, Pre-heating is activated and the Pre-heating symbol is
illuminated. The key returns back to position 2 and vehicle mode Pre-running remains active. When
the symbol goes out, it means that the Pre-heating is done and the engine is ready for cranking.
Cranking
Cranking mode is used to start the engine. All the functions needed to start the engine are prioritised
while some power consumers that are not essential are disconnected for a short period, such as the
radio and lights.
Cranking mode is activated when the key is turned to position 4. Hold the the key in position 4 for 5-
10 seconds or until the engine starts to run. When released, it returns to position 2 and the vehicle
exits Cranking mode.
Cranking normally takes about 5-10 seconds. If the engine does not start within 15 seconds, the start
attempt will stop automatically.
Running
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This mode is used for driving and normal operation. The engine is running and the alternator is
charging the batteries and providing the other electrical components with power. All functions are
available.
Since Running mode restores power instead of consuming it, the vehicle can continue in this mode
indefinitely.
Running mode is activated when the key returns from cranking to position 2 and the engine is
running. When the key is turned to position 1, the vehicle exits Running mode and the engine is
stopped.
Vehicle modes summary
Available functions / vehicle Hibernate Pre-

Parked Living Accessory Cranking Running
mode (workshop) running
Key switch, parking brake,
X X X X X X X
tachograph
Key fob, locks, alarm – X X X X X X
Parking lights, parking cooler,
parking heater, refrigerator, – X1 X X X X X
body builder
Interior lights, electrical
windows, electrical roof
hatch, infotainment, power – – X X X X X
outlets, comfort and
recreation functions
Climate, wipers, mirror
adjustment, seat adjustment, – – – X X X X
coffee maker, cab tilt
Driveline – – – – X X X
Engine – – – – – X X
Mirror heater, seat heater,
– – – – – – X
battery charging by alternator
Starter battery charging by
– X2 X2 X2 X2 – X
BPMU (only DESS 1.5)
1
The listed functions are available only if vehicle mode is entered through timer.
2
When the engine is cranked, the BPMU starts charging the starter batteries according to a specific
charging program. If the alternator is turned off before the program is finished, the charging will
continue until done, independent of the vehicle mode, provided that the SOC (State Of Charge) level
of the vehicle batteries is >30%.
Power states
Most control units in the vehicle are connected to the main supply, +30. To limit their power
consumption, these control units are set in different power states. The power state regulates what a
control unit may use its power consumption for. The power state is the operational level of a control
unit.
The VMCU control the power state of each control unit throughCAN.
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The power states are closely related to the vehicle modes. As an example, when the vehicle is in
Parked mode, most control units are in power state Off or Sleep, to keep the power consumption at a
minimum. When the vehicle is in Running mode, most control units are in power mode Standby or
Operational, since the alternator is running and the power supply is no longer limited.
Power state Description

Off No power supply
Sleep Responds to CAN requests
Standby Responds to function requests
Operational Fully functional
Other voltages
12 V
Power converter, 24 V to 12 V
Converter Description Components supplied with 12 V

SEM (Services and Entertainment Module)/REM (Radio
and Entertainment Module) or other audio unit, 12 V
U32 25A in dashboard
socket in dashboard, CB (Citizens Band) radio, ERAU
(Emergency Response to Accidents Unit), TV in bunk.
There is a trailer voltage converter that converts 24 V to 12 V, specific for the Australian market. It is
described in a separate document.
ECUs converting 24 V to 12 V
ECU Components supplied with 12 V

Flexible switches, ILCP (Interior Light Control Panel), ELCP (Exterior
CIOM (Cab I/O Module) Light Control Panel), Traction control panel, Remote Control ECS
(Electronically Controlled Suspension) and Rain sensor
SWS (Steering Wheel Switches) and SID (Secondary Information
Instrument cluster
Display) Control Panel
DDM (Driver Door Module)
and PDM (Passenger Door Door control panels and window lift motors
Module)
Climate control panel, parking heater air or water, Electric AC
CCM (Climate Control
Compressor and Condenser Fan Power Module and AQS (Air Quality
Module)
Sensor)
Alarm Motion sensor and siren
APM (Air Production
Electronic parking brake handle
Modulator)
Gear lever unit, Gear selector switches, Stalk switch module, ESCL
VMCU
(Electrical Steering Column Lock).
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DACU (Driver Assistance LCS (Lane Change Support) (side sensor), Forward Collision Warning
Control Unit) LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Alcolock Alcolock handset
Some of the ECUs can convert 24 V to 12 V for supplying other components. Usually it is a LIN
(Local Interconnect Network) master supplying their LIN slaves, but there are exceptions.
5V
Some components in the vehicle run on 5 V. It is mainly the USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports and a
few of the sensors. For example:
Components converting 24 V to 5 V
Component Components supplied with 5 V

CCM Pressure sensor in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
BBIOM Optional body components
RCIOM Rear axle sensors
USB ports Devices connected to the USB ports
Some of the antennas receives power from the ECU connected to them, with varying voltages. For
more information, see the document Antennas, system description.
Disconnecting the power

Disconnect the power before starting any work on the electrical system.
In a vehicle with ADR, use the main switch to disconnect the power.
In a vehicle without ADR, the only way to disconnect the power is to disconnect the vehicle battery
ground cable. It is important to follow these instructions to disconnect the power safely.
Note
If the vehicle has an alarm, put the alarm in service mode.
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1 Remove the key from the starter switch.
2 Press and release the button for the hazard warning lights.
3 Within 2 seconds, press the button again and hold it depressed for 5 seconds.
4 Wait at least 30 seconds.
5 Disconnect the battery ground cable.
Note
When disconnecting the power, there is a time delay before the power is completely shut-off
in all the control units. Therefore it is important to wait at least 30 seconds.
Related information
For more information on the electrical architecture, refer to:
Wiring diagram
➠ Vehicle electronics overview, system description
Related components
➠ ADR adaption, component description
➠ Alternator
➠ Battery
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➠ Battery box, component description

➠ CCIOM, component description
➠ FCIOM, component description
➠ Fuse and relay centre, component description
➠ Fuse box, main fuses, component description
➠ Main switch, component description
➠ RCIOM, component description
➠ VMCU, component description
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Power Supply, System Description

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Power Supply, System Description

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IMPACT 4.07.

Publish date ID/Operation

Power supply, system description

Disconnecting the power

A243 BPMU (Battery Power Management Unit)

Variant symbol Variant description

Battery charging, during normal operation

Auxiliary charging possibilities

ADR relays (option)

1 Fuse box in battery box

X25 Connector B+ on frame (for body builder functions)

Key position Vehicle mode Precondition Power modes active

Power mode Other names (for reference) Description

To manually enter Hibernate mode:

2 Remove the key from the key switch.

● Refrigerator, for a limited time according to its set timer.

Entering Parked mode manually, using the main switch

Entering Parked mode manually, using the key fob

Entering Parked mode automatically, via timer

Parked mode timers

Timer Default setting

Vehicle modes summary

Available functions / vehicle Hibernate Pre-

Power state Description

Converter Description Components supplied with 12 V

ECU Components supplied with 12 V

Component Components supplied with 5 V

Disconnecting the power

1 Remove the key from the starter switch.

4 Wait at least 30 seconds.

5 Disconnect the battery ground cable.

➠ Battery box, component description

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