Ministry of Higher Education & ‫وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

Scientific Research ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬

University of Technology ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
Department of Materials Engineering
Branch: General
Subject: Ceramics Allowed Time: 2 hours
nd
Class: 2 Examiner: Dr. Mohanad Al-Shroofy
Date: 24 / 3 / 2021 First Semester / Final Examination Signature:
First Attempt (2020-2021)

Note: Answer 4 Questions Only

Q1:
A) Why do we have to use a special process to select the material for any application? And what is

the right process that you think it’s the best? (25 marks)

B) Demonstrate and draw the crystal structure of FeO and CaF2. (25 marks)
Q2:
A) Suppose that CaO is added as an impurity to Li2O. If the Ca2+ substitutes for Li+, what kind of
vacancies would you expect to form? How many of these vacancies are created for every Ca2+
added? (25 marks)
B) For ceramics compound, what is the effect of the cation and anion size? (25 marks)

Q3:
A) Explain with an example: (25 marks)
1. The sintering process used in ceramic fabrication.
2. Which way used to form glass around the particles, and how?
B) What is the electronegativity used for? Explain and find the Electronegativity difference, bond
type, and the % ionic character of Si3N4 and ZrO2. (25 marks)
Q4:
A) Calculate the number of Frenkel defects per cubic meter in silver chloride (AgCl) at 500 Co, the
energy required to form each Frenkel defect is 1.1 eV. (25 marks)
B) Which one of the following is stronger, and why? (25 marks)
1. Diamond or Graphite.
2. Silica or Layered Silicates.
Q5:
A) From the SiO2-Al2O3 phase diagram and the list of compositions below, which would you judge

to be the more desirable refractory at 1700 Co? And why? (25 marks)

1. 80 wt% Al2O3 and 20 wt% SiO2

2. 30 wt% Al2O3 and 70 wt% SiO2

B) Which one is better to use in heat treating glass; Annealing or Tempering? Explain with a draw.

(25 marks)
1
 ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………

Hint: The ionic radius (nm) of some elements:

The atomic weights
(g/mol)
Fe 55.845
O 15.999
Ca 40.08
K 39.098
Ag 107.87
F 18.998
Cs 132.91
Cl 35.453

NA= 6.023*1023 formula units/mol

K= 8.62 * 10-5 eV/K

….………..GOOD LUCK……………..