be ee P art-IT Pages: 33 -64 Buffer & Indicators (p© Buller Salulén 2 fhe soliton Teal resisle Te change . | “or in pl when asgmall arround re ap acicl | or abase 15 acthed. - AF WmlakoLNHel ¢smallamount) \ 06 added % ; ‘ Cas ml waler , (ete bial (pH=#) (pit 740) ten, fier Te addition, i ee aie Ge charge inp C. change toll Aphla. #-225 (lage) ape ts wut toy is nd buffer t Cow ler 15 y | 7 , ( ul oP heBuller salon 15 mack o& cier: CH R weak ace (HA) and weak hase(B) and US Confugale bage (A) 13 Conjugal acil(Y7) Acide gubley @asit ifr (PSF) (PH>? Beamales | weak acid nf base (Salt) weak base [enf acid (salf) | | = CHytoohl| HCO =(HAc/AMs) = NHS/ Ny" I: fen one ~ FH] CHAS am i aie s he... buffer. conpenertls ( Wel Ae )..cvé.. able Te Srsume..Srall..amatily. of erdeed off” (base) ort (acid) 2 a. Shiff..ta eqilibiram pasilfen | “Hh Ht +Ae... - | Uidwhich of Te falowiy pars Can be Used 1 prgpate a bubler Salim of = *—— © a) HEINaF — wpdley/naotl | c)NHylNAyC! nore | adi buf asi c boufferpH Gulden of Fe Luller Sollen: (35, | | Fer acide buffer (ex 6 A/AN) es veel | POH « pk 4 zy ly where s pil+p0H a | Hernelexson-Hasseloakch Tin=e ; (36) | 2) Gh Te he ph of abuller sale Tal is: a) 0.200M acélic ace and0.10M Sod.aclah = | | Kast I5 0", haf) b) 0.2 Nis and 4. OM Nyc] (Ky LAtAW" , Kwe 10") Ansiie == ay , pH =pKe arly Et Est} Bphaelgha = 24 A5# & pl =+ B57 +g = =4. Ht 46 ~L ou lic bubfer (PHS 2) b) .0.2MNHs and 10M Nil ~~» basic buber Esuit 50, POH = pkb + ley be 3 Sp Kp «les = APS fe poH= 4.pG5 + lof —— x = T45 1 PH po = este ct —> BEBBuller Cyeacly “RB : = buffer inlensiy TS loufes vue = aller eficienty = bull ince G tt i6. We nutenber of melee of. strong acid. : estoy base Tal charge the pH of -— One lier of buffer y one ol unl I LE a Stony base (5 acdded Dew pe ApH Ge (PIV) base aclled Vier _ (hx acidadded Vouffer . e _ off, chase top = Ale AY al@ Get PH=PKs ned ~ Buller range (pt=pka tt) > Maximum buffer Gppacly 5 obfaied when: G Lacid] = Coat] +» plepherly BH G Gubler range —>{al bythe all rege a | a ay acl efficient aHer3 a5 B t increases, ils resistance f increases. LIE LOE,[Beles sffsthy bile Cpa D) Cone: of buler Gnsiitiells Was anch ~ Bt et Wc] =[NeokeJ=0.01 71 => B = 0-0/1 EHAc] = fn) = 01M m& paod 2) Dillon fect Co small ilar ay Slik ofct (neglecTed) but lage AUTEN op bas Lge felon pH : 3) Eempersité £ when Enp- changes 302 lg ork, chenges ( PH chenges ate p chepges Se Role Human loleaod Gertining buffer Moe Te mefitsin pH at qin“OM KY Yi) = moks 4o (TT x Vy) = mmoles (Gne a £ ] & M) -_mmeles i SS Veal Per acidic buffer = Lo Lat] 2% PH= PKs + 4 ay o aH = pk «lag Lnmeblsalt (mmole) sce ‘mamole)cid H= Futebol J Ms, ap Cash Chao oc nee WF Joy ie pH (Mm xV)zgea Lets pH 2 aph G28 GUL» i JO BU wae ' ed bog Et Pils vrai! ‘sty fll= =plq Sad: 2d \os Als Abia) qr Le Cacid » Coolt ea et?Sa MP cal aya |e Moree apf Yan (3ousul) Ae =H ase Weyy/sjouu) ~ajfe sao 07 Plas Mepau) Pau) Papas) = #7 Fou) rr ~ Yq ral fo Whe ern P PAPEL youl) — i“ youn) ay Prouny) PEPE, yoy ntl) te # My rny /) = "Frouy) ‘oS by tx = Bel oS SAEIIW YEN [17° sasealP yb] si seMeaym AeN/ JT © sa@ezius Pf wen <— yy + HoeN Mes SRG DUH + pen + /3h/ (R227 Yh hi pees wt fain, hated yay Yer [PE2! WM Ly ‘PPPOE HON 1 _ SH “Pere PH AT anrre ere! praia EN HS (eeFeMeynH) 7 69D Ar RAN Har) Ue uD p/98 (5/0 ULL! Se a Ce (2/9! bo + C7e/ = tye Mayne Iplae_7? wR UT 2S ajo ui)apr HORN Ld FON yp yatyd oo = bios RO a5 =¢ Gof0= 355 -=¢ Fes ssh hh =v) brane seh~sen spel ngth a ee Kh 2% teh ap hyt iene Tiel = sa rg ieee FO ypumy| Aye —Heletle | Feta = Primm) Aaya ay aeiJa ipa (anu Jey "abe oF = ee tle = 7H (Govind) baz aE (oa) ru) bey+2yel =4ye HreCFUle 39h (>pouns) Bey ee OF : =U - wn to0 O° are “pretnes) > | 7 el bis 20° Sr0 EL 2D ude 2/72 (opulu), Hel = i TET party OIA = iyo a 78 Gtx Te * yee, AadeF [4 OOF ofouel a SOtn Fo = AX LI = aye) SHOU B YEN: Ae Axbr 2 Gyeuu) t SoU OT YH pee ot PPP HW TOI ot J at: Preblems 1@ @leulek Te Lifer Gpaciy a F Terrrerels selcifer of 26 ml ef Ont Hel % 2-Sel0 Net antoins 12. mmoks of Whe (pka= 4-44) ond 8 mmales of NAc in 100 ml. wer case = pka +lg (imele) a Ac (male) Ag pl =F leg B=. ( mmelelHe] ‘odded = (TTX Vol )eteldeed = 0-1x20 = __2 mmele (miele) de (mmiele}yy + (miele added ie _ e. 2 = Ht mmeles /| = (mmol —(mmele) zofded (nde ptode im “thet 2 = & mmeles (inmele |g Ae ok fer 2, = Ko +! Fmale)lde offer ebW+lg £ = 437 OG ee (MXV Jedd 2 0-4 XI _ 9.9) Berga 7 Ver | spl = pl, -P4 ( Pig a6 = 8 -- COZ = 0, Pe- -0-19 0.105) —@ Gleuldle the chage trpH (yet) snd buffer (2 Gyacly when § ml of 0.42 M N2oH are added Tb 250 ml buffer KI2 cnsishig of 0.201 Hae ond LD Node Cpa 24.769) swer Finswee (inmele)voef, = (MXM) = OL XE = OS (mmdlejyg. = C)1Xiy ) = 2K 150 = FO (mirele |ploAe = CP 1g) = 1X 250 = 220 = pK: b (nme pia fe Plt pee +9 Cmunele) ic =H. 250 =H 787 + beg = 5.456 7 (mmee} = (mmole), — (rmmele)acded Me, 202 Hheofler 50 We 6 = 4H = (rmele)pi, * (mmole) ackled +260 + OF * 250-6 (minele Node of fer : [mmele [plone af he Ply = PBI Tee of te 24757 slog OE = SHOR HOH ———— apl = PHa- PM = Fn 5-456 = EXO ; © UNKV axel, OIZKS =2- xo? Yufer 250 a (mire Mok fhe3 Calculsle. The buffer Capacity. of 400. mi -salnX$ Contesting Os495.01.NHy (ich x 1.8.410-°)....and 0+-2.50..01..NBy Cl» if....90 ml..0.4011 HCl was added. Answer pes git 95 Mx toons 19s5-mmoles gordl od! Tict\*NHAd—»01.250.14..x100ml-= 25 -0mmeles. sn. 0.0, bau fFer. = 2X mmoles = (mmoles) salt lef (mmoles) Lace Ipefem polly= 4. F454 bog Se = 5.046» elh= By “pony =pkKig + Leg (ramoles ny tex 212.522 2105 Cmmnoles) Hac Sf e-25..4.D..5 QF. = 4 P54 bog BE 2 5155 28.845 pod, 4 FTI5 + era >ph, B-BHS Aph.= pH, — ply sme 08 109 Ca = (Ma agid) 04x20. 0,09 Neouffer 100 gi. 2B odes : 4pH = 0.404- 7D) Coltulsle The pH ond buffer copa 2 Enos on oe 2 te OB ag “1 {1 mmeles HAe Snel & mmoks NaAe in toml. ' (eka e 4-74) | Arse sa = ke +by Lect ode pase rae P +) Cmmele) He eyeqH + leg ae = 456 — Cog pth Gat ede Pree WAL jem pH U-Bn 2 acidr.slip coh 4 jidy YS ph Sue AB oe ae Blipty acid LOS be Yefte) = apH= Ph-Ph = ch) (mmole) Nak after _ _bramelel Naee = a (mmele): salt eFfex ig 3-56 = 4TH t cc) (mde) acid offer (inmele) Saffoftex - 0.066 es (mmdejacid ofler & (mmale) ea [f-= 01066 | (mmele|sciel pach)A ( bit, Tra! number of mmoles of bffer pod | (mmeles) sci + (minelés) yy = (ia+8) =20 | (eRe Le Usd) Sips) a af JF) | oe Frem E2D 7a [mmole] seit = 0-066 (mmoles cid (muieles) see) + 2.06 (mes aciel ©? wy = 2° 1-066 (1 mmeleg)scic (mmeleslscid Lefer after iL 18-46 pose aly acid ip (1336-122 ES) bight acd) mmoles AS (yeti L199 "W644 CM XvIzaeed (nce EH. 06 Viouffer To a6 uo Ca . Ps - SH pe ee 0LEeBier ta lige sed Fal 5h g S i, ales lle > eligi aid] sud. elie 9) bufferenl aspitin Te. avaid. zspitin biel bsis. A sa by pede guice. 3) Bleed pH. is mneitiltined at 7. Q— TY vo by Te sel oft brelesicel buffer ( Belo buffer- tn bleed : (. physiolegrtal b : ) 4) Inside The Cols (Zabiecelulac) Fig.- Ite POY [Ke HEM yy - Haemoglobin /. eoxyhaemeslbil (1 Ho |axytHe) nL b) dal, Sele Tae calle (Melle) Big Cg HO mms Eig... Plasnia., porPTells aceon If pH > Po AL abe o> dil ce B bled asf Li id p. HX 68 >Keidsis. > led fi ale T bred acicllp/ Quis: ——s QO Bl e é ae The chenge tr pH and une aay poe S ml 0-12 1 HE se 250 ml buffer sd 0 Grlloiniy 02M ale ccd ond 1 ew elt” _, (phos he Fewer apHs — ext ma = 4.752) B= 0-4 @ Gladze Te buffer axe Tovereds Sabb Ton of 20 ml OL TINH Te 2sell el copii $12 ramoles Whe (pka= 4-74) ond 8 maneles Noe ia tooml Png B= Othe Gp is. he php al made. by acing 74,3. mele facelic acid. and..0.3..male of. bade scitefle.50.240 Lfers.sol.2.( oka 74) Answer > pHs plva-# YAY. fe cracit] = Lott) @. clause pl end. IB hydiey sis oft ad fet. ~_.< He cooNa. le (plsa-*. Ws FE) 60 : H x..B- 88 ce rn Answer f° [et] yj00 2 BEAL. 00 2 OBE OO thydlely sis. 2 “Ge/ TT e GUS: DT Cslcalshe aH. and 4 hydalsis Fru 4) 100 ml 90M wale ser/ (Kao P5416) b) 20 ml oelM mmélhyl nine (I= 1x13) C) BO.ml o0SM NAC] (pK, = 4:74) (Hs) A). 150 ml 02M Nef ( pky2 6) 7) e) 100, ml_o.ooL M HNOs nitiz acid. ¥ 4) We thiclahsis fescidsol0 i's 0.02. aie 8 what's pH. f The sl0 ? 3] 200ml of o.gall Gateins Or.0.M1..NHz = and..0.45.M NCL. L0.mal. of 0.3. Nach 2). pH. before. addition of nyeH. bo) pH after addition of noel c\ chenge in. pH (ap) 4). Ahe “buffer value. (pf Missal. Was. Seldled... Gl Gdele (Ke a5 -49Kld?) AMtialen Curve (53 = plole éliles Tha change. m pl of The sol? exislig t conics! flesk wilh The. Vglume ( Vint) Gelded Frem_ buréle. a uM feng b vslreng base. Zz Phiph...[.3.1=.10) Week bose Week acie! £10. FA-—4H) a — __ ] Theslin of stony base loa) strong cele Pa vo nfl Het3] Thelen of weak-acid ¢ sheng bate wan pl cH, CoH) Ne Toe of wea base af sheer acid (Wel) Watt, of Wy) EP Hel rele, ( # eagsiosl = Versus = with )CI aster 55 a J Acid-Base Tadicslre Wesk organic acid or base.whese caler. changes wilh. pH... Mecites: of Color. cAege. of indoor i Ostwesld Theory J]... Memapehere Tey ET 4) Oslwelel. Theely | 6 Tndlicater has. Tote forms (neukl='uienijed cand Tonised) of Toto..clifferent Coles Gchange..off cele. dSepends.an.chsrge in Henly __ Unienized (rental) frm 4 abrd Theatr. a denized (ehaiped) Foten Colo, +Lensicer_sn sed el seid ine Caley” HT Hla a H a In : UNlans i color-t (Red) “lenis (Yellow) Kind. = EYE In) CHIn] —— 2 HI n..———s-, Ht a : cole (Red) : Cole 2 (Yellows) : : ing s 7 > Tn Acide medion ar ||. cornmmen fen. effect Pa sptidid Ss [ep ait a shot si AO ttl seb Red peat > eo ep Tn Acidic Pledium_» cole fs seen wher _pH of ll is lewer Than pKind.. by. 4. | iFlin os iW* |, l= colerzL (Ray roy Ln | oJ SS lo22 Yellow) fs Basie maditnms\oH 40 wl Tad CMa] 10.3 4 > Yellow ape pits Pind. + Lg # a pH Pind. +4. 0 In Bagic- mediums lls :seen-vo-hen— pil elf ts hig er Than. pl Fluxochrme.ore $5 Be a O45. Hy. Gngrenyes.. MerdseWVes. have.110..cekers.. bul”. will 4t ehiemeahae. eefPS Causitg Secper. ,, Gilenstly of. ee loulity miele cules... . afin gh A3\ Sign be Lor.99-isby Aigha pi sleoka> Actereding. c hrzmepehate They s _ colenn _chemnpe..is. due To LIaMmene. Ee Gon ohh changes... ed caller.pf > Lu damn 20 Cmte 24 L tn Acidic Meelium : RR _ dn Basie Meckum fd. (Hla) olf, iF Yellew (In) {Op rn ey {Owen Oe L. scsi aie gieup Exgt Phene)olMalein ph. ph. oe TN Gy Aeiclic Machi! 7 r Eye Basic edie celerless. (In) = _ Fink. (Ir) co = Q @ oH. a Q A he —aaletless ee see ed bolt. alechal 9p fad. ee = |zm, es § Heid Base indi cers (60' Tadic Voi] plage z P|. pH-range|... base) Red —»Yellew. Phenol tél. FR Yellow. —p. Tee! Cegel.téd... CR Yellow —».feeel- [ire ble |i™; ma = (F cid Bose Tnelicoly + oer ye) \ >% pire Shas change tin Ihe toler ff ol peut Hasmple: Alerd Base lellerv 5 Inaicslr » 110 = Mi Kee the: >T1O+ Treligo tne (Aue) Violet Green (Red-be) (peleir Bi) universal Inelietor (Mull ye Lie!) bs mixhee of jprdielas al covers 2 Wide range ef PH ¢ pH= tt) EySinple 1 on niversol indiceler gives + pH=2 —> ag blinks p= —- Gur ph Sa ples —> Yelle p=. —+ Gueen pH to —> Blue