AP PHYSICS 1 Test Booklet

Momentum Quiz

1.

Two carts of masses and travel together, as shown in Figure . At time , a compressed spring
inside the cart expands, and the carts separate. Figure shows a graph of the carts’ velocities as a function of
time. What is the magnitude of the change in linear momentum, if any, of the two-cart system between and
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

2. How does an air mattress protect a stunt person landing on the ground after a stunt?

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Momentum Quiz

(A) It reduces the kinetic energy loss of the stunt person.

(B) It reduces the momentum change of the stunt person.
(C) It increases the momentum change of the stunt person.
(D) It shortens the stopping time of the stunt person and increases the force applied during the landing.
(E) It lengthens the stopping time of the stunt person and reduces the force applied during the landing.

3.

Object travels across a horizontal surface and collides with object . The velocity as a function of time for object
and object before, during, and after the collision is shown in the graph. Both objects have a mass of .
Which of the following correctly describes the momentum of the system and the kinetic energy of the
system?

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Momentum Quiz

(A)

Conserved Conserved

(B)

Conserved Not conserved

(C)

Not conserved Conserved

(D)

Not conserved Not conserved

A student plans to conduct an experiment in which the momentum of a two-object system can be determined immediately
before and after a collision takes place. The student slides block at an unknown constant speed toward an identical
block, block , that is initially at rest, as shown in the figure. There is negligible friction between the blocks and the
surface.

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Momentum Quiz

4.
Momentum of Momentum of Momentum of Momentum of
Trial Block Before Block Before Block After Block After
Number
Collision Collision Collision Collision

The student uses the data collected from the experiment to create the data table. Which of the following statements
is true regarding the data?
The momentum of the two-block system is conserved because the initial momentum of block is
(A)
experimentally consistent for all trials.
The momentum of the two-block system is conserved because the final momentum of block is
(B)
experimentally consistent for all trials.
The momentum of the two-block system is not conserved because the initial momentum of the system is not
(C)
equal to the final momentum of the system.
The level of error associated with the data is too high to make a conclusion regarding the momentum of the
(D)
individual blocks and the system.

5. Which of the following choices lists the measuring tools necessary to determine the initial momentum of the system
before the collision takes place?
(A) Mass balance
(B) Mass balance and meterstick
(C) Mass balance, meterstick, and stopwatch
(D) Mass balance, meterstick, stopwatch, and force probe

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Momentum Quiz

6.

The student conducts a second experiment in which the magnitude of the force exerted on block from block is
measured over the time in which the collision takes place. A graph of the force as a function of time is shown. In a
third experiment, the student creates a collision such that the force exerted on block from block is constant for
. Which of the following constant forces, if exerted on block from block , would produce the same
change in momentum as is shown by the graph?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

7. A object moving to the left collides with and sticks to a object moving to the right. Which of the
following is true of the motion of the combined objects immediately after the collision?
(A) They must be moving to the left.
(B) They must be moving to the right.
(C) They must be at rest.
(D) The motion cannot be determined without knowing the speeds of the objects before the collision.

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Momentum Quiz

8.

A cart of mass travels along a horizontal, frictionless surface. A net force is applied to the cart. A graph of the
net force applied to the cart as a function of time is shown. The initial and final direction of the cart and the
direction of the net force exerted on the cart is unknown. The distance of one grid unit represents a change in
velocity of . Which of the following diagrams could represent the direction and relative magnitude of the
velocity of the cart before the force is applied and after the force is applied? Select two answers.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

9. A person applies an impulse of 5.0 kg∙m/s to a box in order to set it in motion. If the person is in contact with the
box for 0.25 s, what is the average force exerted by the person on the box?

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Momentum Quiz

(A) 1.25 N
(B) 2.00 N
(C) 12.5 N
(D) 20.0 N
(E) 200 N

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Momentum Quiz

10. This question is a long free-response question. Show your work for each part of the question. (15 points, suggested
time 25 minutes)

Students launch identical marbles of mass horizontally from a toy cannon of mass , where ,
as shown above. The cannon can be adjusted to change the launch speed of the marble relative to the ground.
Each time a marble is launched, the cannon slides backward before coming to rest. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the cannon and the ground is (mu). For each launch, the students vary the launch speed and
record the distance the cannon slides backward for each launch speed.

(a) Without manipulating equations, briefly describe what happens to the distance that the cannon slides
backward as students increase the launch speed. Explain your reasoning.

(b) Students find the following equation on the Internet to describe the distance that the cannon slides backward:
. Whether or not the equation is correct, is it consistent with your prediction in part (a)? Briefly
justify your answer.

(c) Without manipulating or stating equations, briefly describe whether the cannon or the marble has more kinetic
energy immediately after the marble leaves the cannon. Justify your answer.

(d) Students correctly derive an equation relating the kinetic energy , the momentum , and the mass of an
object: . Is this equation consistent with your description in part (c)? Justify your answer.

Students then discuss the mechanical energy of the marble after it has been launched by the cannon but before it
reaches the ground. Both students agree that air resistance is negligible and make the following claims.

Student 1: There are two external forces exerted on the marble while it is in the air, the gravitational force and the
force exerted by the cannon. Therefore, the mechanical energy of the marble changes while it is in the air.

Student 2: The cannon does not exert a force on the marble after the launch. Therefore, the mechanical energy of
the marble is constant.

(e) Which underlined phrase or phrases in student 1’s statement are correct, if either? If neither phrase is correct,
write “none.”

(f) Which underlined phrase or phrases in student 1’s statement are incorrect, if either? If neither phrase is
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Momentum Quiz

incorrect, write “none.”

(g) Which underlined phrase or phrases in student 2’s statement are correct, if either? If neither phrase is correct,
write “none.”

(h) Which underlined phrase or phrases in student 2’s statement are incorrect, if either? If neither phrase is
incorrect, write “none.”

The graph above shows the horizontal component of the velocity for the marble (dashed line) and the cannon
(solid line) relative to the ground. Before time the marble-cannon system is at rest. At time the marble begins
accelerating within the cannon, and at time the marble leaves the cannon.

(i) Describe how to find the change in the distance between the center of mass of the cannon and the center of
mass of the marble from time to time . Assume that before time the center of mass of the marble is at the
same position as the center of mass of the cannon.

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