Engr. Alyssa Mae D.

Yaco
THE SIMPLE MACHINES
➢ A machine is a device for applying energy to do work in a way suitable for a
given purpose. No machine create energy. To do work, a machine must
receive energy from some source, and the maximum work it does cannot
exceed the energy it receives.
Most complex machines are combination of two or more simple machines.
There are six simple machines namely:
1. The inclined plane
2. The wedge
3. The lever
4. The wheel and axle
5. The screw and
6. The pulley
THE SIMPLE MACHINES
1. INCLINED PLANE
➢ An inclined plane is consisting of a sloping surface
used for raising heavy objects up the incline.
2. WEDGE
➢ A wedge is an object that tapers to a thin edge.
By pushing the wedge in a direction creates a force in
sideways, usually made of wood or metal for splitting,
lifting, or tightening objects.
3. LEVER
➢ A lever is bar, plank, or board that rests on a
support called a fulcrum.
THE SIMPLE MACHINES
4. WHEEL AND AXLE
➢ A wheel and axle is composed of a circular frame
that revolves on a rod or shaft.
5. SCREW
➢ A screw is usually a circular cylindrical member with
a continuous helical rib, used either as a fastener or as
a force and motion modifier.
6. PULLEY
➢ A pulley is a rotary wheel that carries a cord, rope,
cable, belt, or a chain on its rim.
THE SIMPLE MACHINES
RECAP: WORK
➢ Work has different meaning in physics than it does in everyday usage.
➢ The Work, W, done by a constant force during a linear displacement along
the 𝒙-axis.

𝑾 = 𝑭 ∙ Δ𝒙
𝑾 = 𝑭𝒔
This gives no information about:
a.) Time it took for the displacement to occur
b.) The velocity or acceleration of the object

Work is a scalar quantity. (There is no direction associated with it.)

INPUT WORK VS OUTPUT WORK
THE INPUT WORK 𝓦𝒊
➢ is the work done on the machine. It is the input force (𝑭𝒊 )
applied on the machine multiplied by its displacement (𝒔𝒊 ).

THE OUTPUT WORK 𝓦𝒐

➢ is the work done by the machine. It is the output force (𝑭𝒐 )
multiplied by its corresponding displacement (𝒔𝒐 ).
INPUT WORK VS OUTPUT WORK
THE INPUT WORK 𝓦𝒊
➢ is the work done on the machine. It is the input force (𝑭𝒊 )
applied on the machine multiplied by its displacement (𝒔𝒊 ).

THE OUTPUT WORK 𝓦𝒐

➢ is the work done by the machine. It is the output force (𝑭𝒐 )
multiplied by its corresponding displacement (𝒔𝒐 ).
AMA VS IMA
Actual Mechanical Advantage 𝑨𝑴𝑨
➢ The actual mechanical advantage (𝑨𝑴𝑨) of a machine is the ratio
of the output force to the input force.
𝑭𝒐
𝑨𝑴𝑨 =
𝑭𝒊
Ideal Mechanical Advantage 𝑰𝑴𝑨
➢ The ideal mechanical advantage (𝑰𝑴𝑨) of a machine is the ratio
of the input displacement to the output displacement.
𝒔𝒊
𝑰𝑴𝑨 =
𝒔𝒐
EFFICIENCY OF A MACHINE
Efficiency of a Machine
➢ The efficiency (𝑬𝒇𝒇) of a machine is the ratio of the output work
to the input work.
𝑭𝒐 𝒔𝒐
𝑬𝒇𝒇 =
𝑭𝒊 𝒔𝒊
𝑭𝒐
𝑭
𝑬𝒇𝒇 = 𝒔 𝒊
𝒊
𝒔𝒐
𝑨𝑴𝑨
𝑬𝒇𝒇 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑰𝑴𝑨
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
The pulley system shown in the figure with an IMA of 5, is used to lift a load of 2 kN
with a vertical height of 6 m. If the input force is 600 N, determine the input and
output work, the actual mechanical advantage, and the efficiency of the system.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
The pulley system shown in the figure with an IMA of 5, is used to lift a load of 2 kN
with a vertical height of 6 m. If the input force is 600 N, determine the input and
output work, the actual mechanical advantage, and the efficiency of the system.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
An inclined plane 10 m long has one end 60 cm above the floor. A 1600 N block
is pulled along the plane with a force parallel to the plane. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.15, determine the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical
advantage, and the efficiency of the simple machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
An inclined plane 10 m long has one end 60 cm above the floor. A 1600 N block
is pulled along the plane with a force parallel to the plane. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.15, determine the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical
advantage, and the efficiency of the simple machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
An inclined plane 10 m long has one end 60 cm above the floor. A 1600 N block
is pulled along the plane with a force parallel to the plane. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.15, determine the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical
advantage, and the efficiency of the simple machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:
A jackscrew has a lever arm of 1 m and a pitch of 0.4 cm. When a load of 32 kN
is raised, a force of 240 N must be applied at the end of the lever arm.
Determine the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage, and
the efficiency of the machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:
A jackscrew has a lever arm of 1 m and a pitch of 0.4 cm. When a load of 32 kN
is raised, a force of 240 N must be applied at the end of the lever arm.
Determine the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage, and
the efficiency of the machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:
An inclined plane is used to raise an object of mass 30kg. If the plane is
inclined 5° above the horizontal and the coefficient of friction is 0.20,
calculate the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage, and
the efficiency of this machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:
An inclined plane is used to raise an object of mass 30kg. If the plane is
inclined 5° above the horizontal and the coefficient of friction is 0.20,
calculate the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage, and
the efficiency of this machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4:
An inclined plane is used to raise an object of mass 30kg. If the plane is
inclined 5° above the horizontal and the coefficient of friction is 0.20,
calculate the ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage, and
the efficiency of this machine.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5:
The pitch of a jackscrew shown in the figure is 0.3 cm and has a lever arm of 60
cm length. What force at the end of the lever arm will raise a load of 190 kg if
the efficiency of the machine is 12 %?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5:
The pitch of a jackscrew shown in the figure is 0.3 cm and has a lever arm of 60
cm length. What force at the end of the lever arm will raise a load of 190 kg if
the efficiency of the machine is 12 %?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6:
The IMA of the pulley system shown in figure is 4, how far must the applied force move if
the load moves 1 ft? If the load weighs 200 lbs, and the efficiency of the system is 90 %, what
must be the applied force?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 7:
A pulley system as shown in the figure has an ideal mechanical advantage of 5 and is used to
lift a load of 1000 lb. If the effort moves 10 ft, how far does the load move? If this work was
done in 15 s, what horsepower was developed? If the machine was 80 % efficient, how much
effort would be needed to lift the load?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 7:
A pulley system as shown in the figure has an ideal mechanical advantage of 5 and is used to
lift a load of 1000 lb. If the effort moves 10 ft, how far does the load move? If this work was
done in 15 s, what horsepower was developed? If the machine was 80 % efficient, how much
effort would be needed to lift the load?
P3 LABORATORY ACTIVITY/PROJECT
MAKE A RUBE GOLDBERG MACHINE USING THE SIX SIMPLE
MACHINES. (GROUP LAB PROJECT)
Sample:
Any questions or clarifications?
Please feel free to ask.
Thank you for Listening!!!