RIPH REVIEWER West Indies, in the island of Guam, and in

the Philippine Archipelago, all the buildings,

wharves, barracks, forts, structures, public
WEEK 7 highways and other immovable property
which, in conformity with law, belong to the
 Treaty of Paris: This is a treaty between the
public domain, and as such belong to the
United States of America and Her Majesty
Crown of Spain.
the Queen Regent of Spain, in the name of
 Article XV: The Government of each country
her August Son, Don Alfonso XIII, was
will, for the term of ten years, accord to the
concluded and signed by their respective
merchant vessels of the other country the
plenipotentiaries at Paris on the tenth day
same treatment in respect of all port
of December, 1898, the original of which
charges, including entrance and clearance
Convention being in the English and Spanish
dues, light dues, and tonnage duties, as its
languages.
accords to its own merchant vessels, not
 Article I: Spain relinquishes all claim of
engaged in the coastwise trade.
sovereignty over and title to Cuba.
 Article XVII: The present treaty shall be
 Article III: The United States will pay to
ratified by the President of the United
Spain the sum of twenty million dollars
States, by and with the advice and consent
($20,000,000) within three months after the
of the Senate thereof, and by Her Majesty
exchange of the ratifications of the present
the Queen Regent of Spain; and the
treaty.
ratifications shall be exchanged at
 Article V: The United States will, upon the
Washington within six months from the
signature of the present treaty, send back to
date hereof, or earlier if possible.
Spain, at its own cost, the Spanish soldiers
taken as prisoners of war on the capture of  Done in duplicate at Paris, the tenth day of
Manila by the American forces. The arms of thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight.
the soldiers in question shall be restored to
them.  [SEAL] WILLIAM R. DAY
 Spain will, upon the exchange of the
ratifications of the present treaty, proceed  [SEAL] CUSHMAN K. DAVIS
to evacuate the Philippines, as well as the
island of Guam, on terms similar to those  [SEAL] WM P. FRYE
agreed upon by the Commissioners
 [SEAL] GEO. GRAY
appointed to arrange for the evacuation of
Porto Rico and other islands in the West  [SEAL] WHITELAW REID.
Indies, under the Protocol of August 12,
1898.  [SEAL] EUGENIO MONTERO RIOS
 Article VI: Spain will, upon the signature of
the present treaty, release all prisoners of  [SEAL] B. DEABARDUZA
war, and all persons detained or imprisoned
for political offenses, in connection with the  [SEAL] J. DE GARNICA
insurrections in Cuba and the Philippines
and the war with the United States.
 [SEAL] W R DE VILLA URRUTIA
 Article VII: The United States and Spain
 [SEAL] RAFAEL CERERO
mutually relinquish all claims for indemnity,
national and individual, of every kind, of WEEK 7: Political Caricatures of the American Era
either Government, or of its citizens or
subjects, against the other Government that  Alfred McCoy: He has written about and
may have arisen since the beginning of the testified before Congress on, Philippine
late insurrection in Cuba and prior to the political history, opium trafficking in the
exchange of ratifications of the present Golden Triangle, underworld crime
treaty, including all claims for indemnity for syndicates, and international political
the cost of the war. surveillance.
 Article VIII: Spain relinquishes in Cuba, and 1. Is the Police Force Bribed? (The
cedes in Porto Rico and other islands in the Independent) - this cartoon depicts the
 alleging that senior police were
accepting bribes from Chinese gambling
houses in Binondo and Quiapo districts.
2. New Bird of Prey (The Independent)-
depicts Harrison as a hero, his suggested
reform was hardly
heroic. Despite the stern rhetoric, which
obviously appealed to the paper's
penchant for hyperbole,
Harrison’s suggested reform was little
more than a temporary palliative.
3. While the Priest Lives Alone in a Big
Building (The Independent)- Like many
nationalist of his day, Vicente Sotto, the
publisher of The Independent, never
missed a chance to attack the Catholic
Church. The editorial below this cartoon
urged the government to confiscate the
large priests’ residence attached to
Santa Cruz parish church.
4. Where The Mosquito Is King (Free
Press)- During the 19th century, Spanish
public health procedures were grossly
inadequate to the imperatives of
Manila's site, and the Americans found
the city of cesspool of ill health when
they
occupied it in 1898. The Board of Health
brought tropical disease -- malaria,
smallpox, cholera and plague -- under
control. During the cholera epidemic of
1902-04.
5. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”- that
legislators and officials are able to strut
around with a gun or two guns strapped
about their manly waists, they will have
to be respected.
6. Brothers Under The Skin- Urges Filipinos,
in the name of Rizal whose birthday was
following day, to end social conflict and
deal with each other fairly.
7. The Loyalty of the Filipinos- The artist
Fernando Amorsolo
draws a wise, handsome Uncle Sam
leading little Juan, loyal and smiling, on
the road to war.
 In November, Quezon led a new mission to
Washington and returned five months later
with the same bill by a different name, just
in time to crush his rivals in the June 1934
legislative elections. As hero of the
independence battles, his leadership for the
rest of the decade was assured.
WEEK 8: Filipino Grievances against Wood
(Zaide)
 American Colonization: Jones Law and Hare
-Hawes-Cutting Bill
 Leonard Wood: - a United States Army
major general, physician, and public official.
He served as the Chief of Staff of the United
States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and
Governor General of the Philippines.
 Jones Law: America would give the Filipinos
independence once a stable government is
established.
 (Wood-Forbes mission): to observe if ever
the Filipinos have already complied with the
conditions of the Jones law. The mission
conducted an exhaustive investigation
visiting 48 provinces and 449 municipalities.
 It exposed the corruption and patronage
system that became prevalent in
government owned and controlled
corporations during the Harrison era. It
singled out particularly the anomalous
transactions in the administration of public
lands and the banking malpractices.
 Cabinet Crisis of 1923: The anti-Wood
sentiment of Filipino officials exploded on
July 21, 1923 with the decision of Governor
General to reinstate Ray Conley, chief of the
vice squad of the Manila police force who
was accused of receiving money from
gambling lords.
 Mayor Fernandez and Secretary Laurel
rendered their resignation and Senate President
Quezon and Speaker Manuel Roxas also
resigned as members of the Council of State in
support of Laurel.
 The Jones law also created a
bicameral Congress that gave opportunities
to politicians based in the provinces to
participate i n policy making. Quezon was
Senate President while the House of
Representatives had Sergio Osmena as
Speaker. Being in key government positions,
the Filipinos began to prove to the
Americans that they are now competent to
manage their own affairs.
 Not content with these and other arbitrary
acts, the Governor-General has recently
promulgated Executive Order no.37,
declaring that the laws creating and defining
the powers of the Board of Control is
authorized to vote the stocks owned by the
government in certain private corporations,
are absolute nullities.
 Leonard Wood:
 He has refused to obtain the advice of the
Senate in making appointments where such
advice is required by the Organic Act
 He has refused to submit to the Senate
appointment for vacancies occurring during
the recess of the Legislature in
contravention of the Organic Act.
 He has substituted his constitutional
advisers for a group of military attaches
without legal standing in the government
and not responsible to the people.
 He has reversed the policy of Filipinizing the
service of the government by appointing
Americans even when Filipinos of proven
capacity were available.
 He has rendered merely perfunctory by the
power of Legislature to pass the annual
 appropriation law by reviving items in the
law of the preceding years, after vetoing the
corresponding items of the current
appropriation act, in flagrant violation of the
Organic Law. He has used certain public
funds to grant additional compensation to
public officials in clear violation of law.
 H e has arrogated unto himself the right of
exercising the powers granted by law to the
 Emergency Board after abolishing said
board on the ground that its powers
involved an unlawful delegation of
legislative authority.
 He has, in the administration of affairs in
Mindanao, brought about the condition
which has given rise to discord and
dissension between certain groups of
Christian and Mohammedan Filipinos.
 He has endeavored, on the pretext of
getting the government out of business, to
dispose of all the companies capitalized by
the government worth many millions of the
people’s money to powerfulAmerican
interest.
 He has sanctioned the campaign of insidious
propaganda in the United States against the
Filipino people and their aspirations.
 He has attempted to close the Philippine
National Bank so necessary to the economic
development of the country.
 He has adopted the practice of intervening
in, and controlling directly, to its minute
details, the affairs of the Philippine
Government, both insular and local, in
violation of self-government.
 He has insistently sought the amendment of
our land laws approved by the Congress of
theUnited States, which amendment would
open up the resources of our country to
exploitation by predatory interests.
WEEK 8: PRESIDENT CORAZON AQUINO’S
SPEECH
- Delivered at Washington, D.C., on
September 18, 1986]
- Ninoy was put on trial for subversion,
murder and a host of other crimes before a
military commission. Ninoy challenged its
authority and went on a fast. If he survived
it, then, he felt, God intended him for
another fate.
- By the exercise of democracy, even in a
dictatorship, they would be prepared for
democracy when it came.
- Today, I say, join us, America, as we build a
new home for democracy, another haven for
the oppressed, so it may stand as a shining
testament of our two nation’s commitment to
freedom.
WEEK 9: RAIDERS OF THE SULU SEA
 A Historiography documentary
film focusing on Zamboanga City
depicting how the Spaniards
defended the city with the Fort
Pilar as Spain’s last stronghold
and bastion of defense and
economic expansion in the South
of the Philippines.
 The documentary centers on the
activities of the slave raiders as a
way of retaliation to the
colonizers and a way to defend
their way of life against
oppression.
 The Sulu and Maguindanao
sultanates were then the two
main kingdoms controlling the
Muslim colonies of the southern
Philippines. With the king of
Maguindanao, Rajah Dalasi, at
the helm, they launched a
bloody attack on Fort Pilar.
1. Tausug: A tribe without maritime
experience, but known for its fierce warriors
and widespread political power
2. Ilanun: The one which was very important in
piracy history and long-standing seafaring
community
3. Balangingi Tribe or Samal: Occupied the
chain of islands between Basilan and Sulu
island and also a long-standing seafaring
community
4. Garay: isH built from bamboo, wood, and
the nipa palm and could carry more than
100 sailors.
 Garay is a single-sailed ship was 25 meters
long and six meters across and housed a
powder magazine and cannon at the bow.
5. Kris: Measuring up to 1.2 meters in length, was not
only carried by slave raiders into battle but also by
nobles and high-ranking officials of the southern
sultanates
6. Kampilan: At the tip of the blade are two
horns projecting from the blunt side which
is used to pick up the head of a decapitated
body.
7. Barong: One the Tausug warriors use to cut
off an M-14, a carbine and a single-edged
leaf-shaped blade made of thick tempered
steel.
A LEGACY OF HEROES, THE STORY OF
BATAAN AND CORREGIDOR
 It discusses World War 2 in the
Philippines and how thousands of
heroic young Filipinos braved the
odds and struggled to defend and
protect the freedom of their people
and motherland.
 Through the eyewitness accounts of
patriotic Filipino and American men
who fought, the documentary
returns to the events of the war,
beginning from the attacks of the
Japanese at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and
then the Philippines immediately
after, to the battles in Bataan and
Corregidor and the Death March
where courage and sacrifice rose to
its heights creating a saga in
Philippine history and a legacy of
heroes that will always be
remembered.
WORKS OF JUAN LUNA AND
FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Juan Luna
 His victory taking the gold medal in
the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine
Arts for his “Spoliarium”, along with
the 2nd prize silver of fellow Filipino
painter Felix Hidalgo, created a
celebration that would be a highlight
in the memoirs of members of the
Propaganda Movement.
 A great Filipino painter, and
occasionally a sculptor.
 He was a prominent propagandist
who pushed for political reforms
along with Jose Rizal.
Fernando Amorsolo
 First National Artist in Painting
(1972) of the Philippines, and is also
referred to as the "Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art".
 Amorsolo graduated from both Liceo
de Manila Art School in 1909 and
the University of the Philippines
School of Fine Arts. He also
graduated from U.P. with honors in
1914, and received a study grant in
Madrid, Spain.
WEEK 9: THE SITE OF FIRST MASS
 GOMBURZA: had fought for reforms
but charged with treason and
sedition.
- Collective name of three martyred
priests.
 CAPT. GENERAL RAFAEL DE
IZQUIERDO: abolished the Filipinos
old time privileges of exemption
from paying the annual tribute and
from rendering the polo (forced
labor).
 CAVITE MUTINY: is the brief uprising
of 200 Filipino troops and workers at
the Cavite arsenal, which became
the excuse for Spanish repression of
the embryonic Philippine nationalist
movement.
 FIRST MASS: is an event that marked
the birth of Roman Catholicism in
the Philippines.
-Easter Sunday is the religious event
they are celebrating at the first
mass.
 LIMASAWA: is the site of the first
mass given by the American
historians and some Spanish
historians that is closer to Cebu
where Magellan went next.
 LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS: is the name of
our country given by Magellan in
honor of the king of Spain.
 MAZAUA: is the name of a Philippine
island-port where the first mass was
held.
 ANTONIO PIGAFETTA: The most
complete and reliable account of the
Magellan expedition into Philippine
shores in 1521 as the only credible
primary source of reports on the
celebration of the first Christian
mass on Philippine soil.
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM: The arrival
of the Spaniards and the celebration
of the first mass introduced the
Filipinos to this religion.
 LIMASAWA AND BUTUAN: two
debated sites of the first mass in the
Philippines.
 JANUARY 20, 1872: Cavite Mutiny
happened
 CARLOS MA. DE LA TORRE: is the
Governador general before Rafael de
Izquierdo and was accused by fellow
Spaniards for letting the Filipino
rebel and most loved by Filipinos.
 FORT PILLAR: place where soldiers
began their uprising.
 THREE MARTYR PRIESTS: Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora
 200 Filipinos staged and participated
on the Mutiny.
 Joaquin Pardo De Tavera, Jose Basa
and Antonio M. Regidor: death,
prison or exiled.
 SAMAL: One of the pieces of
evidence that linked Butuan as the
site of the first mass is this route.
 Early 1900 claims that Limasawa is
the site of the First Mass.
 RA 2733 is also known as Limasawa
Law.
 SGT. LA MADRID is the commander
led the mutineers in the Cavite
Mutiny.