CHAPTER 3

1. LEARNING PARADIGM
 Classical conditioning – Pavlov and John B. Watson
 Operant conditioning – B.F Skinner
 Social Cognitive learning theory – Bandura
2. Socio Cultural theories
 Socio-cultural theory – Lev Vgotsky – scaffolding and zone of proximal development
 The cognitive theory of development – Jean Piaget
3. Ethology-evolutionary and socio-biological
 Konrad Lorenz – Physiology – reflexive reaction – babyishness
 Attachment theory – John Bowlby – Mary Ainsworth ex. 3 kinds of attachment, 1. Secure
2. Insecure avoidant 3. Insecure ambivalent – Melanie klien – Prototypical relationship
thru nipple experience

SYSTEM APPROACH

a. Contextualism theory of Richard Lerner – malleable and predeterministic pattern of changes

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological system Theory

 Microsystem- changes that take place within the individual

 Mesosystem- the immediate environment of a developing child who has a direct influence to
child: parents, neighbor, friends, and school personnel
 Exosystem- social institutions, school policies, employment set-up, mass media, and similar
agencies
 Macrosystem- sociological, political, cultural, and economic in nature that when modified,
may have impact on the development of the child. Law - macrosystem
 Chronosystem-

CHAPTER 4

STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

 Germinal- fertilization to 2weeks- 3to4 days zygote travel-permits blastocyst

Source of amnionic sac, placenta and umbilical cord

 Embryonic- 2weeks to 8weeks- major organ, respiratory, digestive and nervous system-
miscarriage first 3 months-develop intrauterine cavity
 Fetal- 8weeks until giving birth -heartbeat and voice of the mother while sense of OLFACTION
at 14th weeks