SQA National 5 Mathematics

2015 Paper

Worked Solutions
Papers One & Two

© www.national5maths.co.uk
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SQA Past & Practice Papers

Working through SQA Past Papers & Specimen Papers are probably the best
practice you can get for the actual exam so you should plan to do as many as
possible. Make sure you practice doing a whole paper in the allocated time so
you can get use to the pace. The best way to use this guide is for checking your
answers after you have tried the questions yourself. Please don’t just read the
solutions whenever you get stuck!

The contents of these worked solution have not been checked or approved by
the Scottish Qualifications Authority. They reflect the authors’ opinion of good
answers to exam questions and where possible have been checked against
publicly available marking instructions

© www.national5maths.co.uk
 1 1
1. 6 −2
5 3

31 7
Change fractions to top heavy: −
5 3

3 5 3 31 7 5
Multiply fractions by � � & � �: � �× − ×� �
3 5 3 5 3 5

93 35
Denominators now the same: − (1 mark)
15 15

58
Subtract the numerators: (1 mark)
15

Alternative Method

Sometimes known as the ‘Smile & Kiss’ method:

• Multiply the 5 × 3 and place the 15 on the denominator

• Multiply 3 × 31 and place the 93 on the numerator (top left)

• Multiply 5 × 7 and place the 35 on the numerator (top right)

• Subtract the numerators as shown below:

31 7 93 − 35 58
• − = =
5 3 15 15

[3]
2. 11 − 2(1 + 3𝑥𝑥) < 39

Multiply out the brackets: 11 − 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 < 39 (1 mark)

Simplify: 9 − 6𝑥𝑥 < 39

9 to the RHS (remember to change sign): −6𝑥𝑥 < 39 − 9

Simplify: −6𝑥𝑥 < 30 (1 mark)

Multiply by −1 (change < to >): 6𝑥𝑥 > −30

Solve for 𝑥𝑥: 𝑥𝑥 > −5 (1 mark)

Alternative Method
As shown above in line 6, multiplying by −1 changes the direction of the
inequality. A method which avoids this step is to place the −6𝑥𝑥 term on the
RHS of the equation and then solve as shown below:

11 − 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 < 39

Simplify: 9 − 6𝑥𝑥 < 39

Take −6𝑥𝑥 to the RHS: 9 < 39 + 6𝑥𝑥

Take 39 to the LHS: −39 + 9 < 6𝑥𝑥

Simplify: −5 < 𝑥𝑥

Swap sides: 𝑥𝑥 > −5

[4]
3.

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

Since angle ABO is a right angle then angle OBD = 13° (1 mark)

Since triangle BDO is isosceles then angle ODB = 13°

Since angle DFE is 90° then angle EDF = 26° (1 mark)

Angle BDF = 13° + 26° = 39° (1 mark)

Notes

• The angle at F is right angled (90°)

• Triangle BDO is isosceles (2 equal lengths and angles)

• Two lines at a tangent means that they are at right angles (90°)

• Angles in a triangle add up to 180°

[5]
4. (𝑥𝑥 − 4)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2)

Multiply out the brackets: 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2) − 4(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2)

Multiply out the brackets again: 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 8 (2 marks)

Simplify: 𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 8 (1 mark)

Notes

• In lines 2 to 3 above a ‘negative × negative = positive’ (−4 × −2 = 8)

• No extra marks are awarded for including line 2 above and therefore this

line can be missed out. However, only miss this line out if you are

confident with going from lines 1 to 3 without making a mistake.

[6]
 1+2+2+2+8 15
5. Mean (average): 𝑥𝑥̅ = = =3
5 5

Draw, and fill out a table, with 3 columns & 6 rows as shown below:

𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥̅ ) (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )2

1 -2 4

2 -1 1

2 -1 1

2 1 1

8 5 25

∑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) = 32 (1 mark)

∑(𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥 2 ) 32 32
From the table: 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = � =� = � = √8 (1 mark)
𝑛𝑛−1 5−1 4

From the question: √𝑎𝑎 = √8

Therefore: 𝑎𝑎 = 8 (1 mark)

[7]
6.

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

𝑎𝑎 = 4 (1 mark)

𝑏𝑏 = 3 (1 mark)

Notes

In the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎:

• 𝑎𝑎 is the height from the centre to the peak of the sine wave (amplitude)

• 𝑏𝑏 is the number of complete cycles in 360°

[8]
7. 𝑥𝑥 = 2

𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎)2 + 𝑏𝑏

(a) (i) 𝑎𝑎 = − 2 (1 mark)

(ii) 𝑏𝑏 = − 4 (1 mark)

(b) 𝑥𝑥 = 2 (1 mark)

Notes

• The 𝑥𝑥 on the turning point (2, − 4) corresponds to 𝑎𝑎 in

𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎)2 + 𝑏𝑏 and is always the opposite sign: 𝑎𝑎 = −𝑥𝑥 = −2

• The 𝑦𝑦 on the turning point (2, − 4) corresponds to 𝑏𝑏 in

𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎)2 + 𝑏𝑏 and is always the same sign: 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑦𝑦 = −4

• The axis of symmetry, 𝑥𝑥 = 2 is the dotted line shown in the above

diagram

[9]
8. (−2, 5) & (3, 15)
Compare with: (𝑥𝑥1, 𝑦𝑦1) & (𝑥𝑥2, 𝑦𝑦2)

Substitute 𝑥𝑥1 = −2, 𝑦𝑦1 = 5, 𝑥𝑥2 = 3, 𝑦𝑦2 = 15 into the gradient formula:

𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 15 − 5 10
𝑚𝑚 = = = =2 (1 mark)
𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1 3 − (−2) 5

Take (3, 15), let 𝑎𝑎 = 3, 𝑏𝑏 = 15 and substitute 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑚𝑚 into:

𝑦𝑦 − 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎)

Substitute 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑚𝑚: 𝑦𝑦 − 15 = 2(𝑥𝑥 − 3) (1 mark)

Multiply out the brackets: 𝑦𝑦 − 15 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 6

Take − 15 to the RHS: 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 6 + 15

Simplify: 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 9 (1 mark)

Notes
Substituting the other set of coordinates (−2, 5) into 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎)
would have resulted in the same answer as shown below:

Substitute 𝑎𝑎 = −2 & 𝑏𝑏 = 5: 𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 2(𝑥𝑥 − (−2))

Simplify: 𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 2(𝑥𝑥 + 2)

Multiply out the brackets: 𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 4

− 5 to the RHS (change sign): 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 4 + 5

Simplify: 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 9

[10]
9. Correct order is: cos 100°, cos 90°, cos 300° (1 mark)

y = cos x

In the above graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, it can be seen that:

• Cos 100° on the 𝑥𝑥 axis corresponds to a negative value on the 𝑦𝑦 axis

• Cos 90° on the 𝑥𝑥 axis corresponds to zero on the 𝑦𝑦 axis

• Cos 300° on the 𝑥𝑥 axis corresponds to a positive value on the 𝑦𝑦 axis

(1 mark)

[11]
10. (a) Writing the list in order from the smallest to the largest number:

12 16 17 18 18 21 22 27 27 27

Finding 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸

18 + 21 39
Median (middle number): 𝑄𝑄2 = = = 19.5 (1 mark)
2 2

Finding 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 & 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸

10
There are 10 numbers in the list: = 2 remainder 2.
4

This means that there will be 4 lots of 2 with 2 remaining.

The list is therefore grouped as below:

• (12, 16), 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, (18, 18), (21, 22), 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐, (27, 27)

From the above: 𝑄𝑄1 = 17 & 𝑄𝑄3 = 26

𝑄𝑄3 − 𝑄𝑄1 26 − 17 9
SIQR = = = = 4.5 (2 marks)
2 2 2

(b) Compare medians: Round one = 19.5, Round two = 26

On average the second rounds scores were higher (1 mark)

Compare SIQRs: Round one = 4.5, Round two = 2.5

The second rounds scores were more consistent (1 mark)

[12]
11. 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 17 --- (1) × 5 to give (3) below:

2𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 4 --- (2) × 2 to give (4) below: (1 mark)

15𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 = 85 --- (3)

4𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 = 8 --- (4)

(3) − (4) 11𝑥𝑥 = 77

77
𝑥𝑥 =
11

𝑥𝑥 = 7

Substitute 𝑥𝑥 = 7 into equation (1):

3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 17 --- (1)

3 × 7 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 17

Take 21 to the RHS: 2𝑦𝑦 = 17 − 21

Simplify: 2𝑦𝑦 = −4
−4
Divide by 2: 𝑦𝑦 =
2

Simplify: 𝑦𝑦 = −2

Solution is 𝑥𝑥 = 7, 𝑦𝑦 = −2 (2 marks)

Notes
Decide whether the 𝑥𝑥 or 𝑦𝑦 coefficient should be scaled in the 2 equations -
it does not matter which is decided upon. In the above the 𝑦𝑦 coefficients
have been scaled to have same value.

[13]
 𝑥𝑥2 − 4𝑥𝑥
12.
𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 20

𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 4)
Factorise both the numerator & denominator: (2 marks)
(𝑥𝑥 − 4)(𝑥𝑥 + 5)

𝑥𝑥
Cancel the (𝑥𝑥 − 4) from the top & bottom of fraction: (1 mark)
𝑥𝑥 + 5

Notes

Factorising 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒:

• 𝑥𝑥 is common to both 𝑥𝑥 2 and − 4𝑥𝑥 therefore take 𝑥𝑥 out to give: 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 4)

Factorising 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐:

• Write down the trinomial: 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 20

• Find two numbers which multiply to give – 20 and add to give 1

• The two numbers are −4 & 5

• Put these numbers into two brackets: (𝑥𝑥 − 4)(𝑥𝑥 + 5)

[14]
 4
13.
√8

√8 4 √8
Multiply by : × (1 mark)
√8 √8 √8

4√8
Simplify (√8 × √8 = 8):
8

4×√4×√2
Substitute √8 for √4 × √2: (1 mark)
8

8√2
Simplify (√4 = 2):
8

Simplify again: √2 (1 mark)

Notes

• Rationalising the denominator means changing √8 on the denominator

to a whole number

4 �8
• This is achieved by multiplying the original fraction � � by � � to
�8 �8

leave 8 on the bottom (√8 × √8 = 8)

• Simplify to leave as √2

[15]
 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑛
14. Using the indice law: 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = � √𝑥𝑥�

5 5
3
83 = �√8� (1 mark)

= (2)5

= 32 (1 mark)

Notes

3 5
• �√8� means the cubed root of 8 to the power of 5

• Cubed root of 8 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 2 (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 )

• 2 to the power of 5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 32 (since 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32)

• Laws of Indices:

𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 1 1
𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛 , = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛 , 𝑥𝑥 0 = 1, 𝑥𝑥 −𝑚𝑚 = , 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 = ,
𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 −𝑚𝑚

1 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑛
𝑥𝑥 2 = √𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = � √𝑥𝑥 � , (𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 )𝑛𝑛 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

[16]
SQA National 5 Mathematics

2015 Paper

Worked Solutions
Paper Two: Calculator

[17]
 100 ± % n
1. Final Amount = Initial Value × � � , n = number of years
100

100 + 2.8 2
Predicted Value = 240 000 × � � (2 marks)
100

Predicted Value = £253,628.16 (1 mark)

Alternative Method (Longer)

2.8
Year One: Predicted Value = 240000 + × 240000 = £246,720
100

2.8
Year Two: Predicted Value = 246720 + × 246720 = £253,618.16
100

Note
Only use the alternative method if you are not confident with the formula

method as the alternative method can be time consuming.

[18]
2. Substitute 𝑥𝑥 for 𝑎𝑎 in the function: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎) = 3𝑎𝑎 + 2 --- (1)

Substitute 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎) for 23 into equation (1) above: 23 = 3𝑎𝑎 + 2

Swap sides: 3𝑎𝑎 + 2 = 23 (1 mark)

Take the 2 to the RHS: 3𝑎𝑎 = 23 − 2

Simplify: 3𝑎𝑎 = 21

21
Divide by 3: 𝑎𝑎 =
3

Simplify: 𝑎𝑎 = 7 (1 mark)

[19]
3.

Re-label the sides a, b & c positioning 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑐𝑐 either side of the included

angle. Substitute b, c & Cos A into the cosine formula (from the Formulae

List): 𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

Substitute values: 𝑎𝑎2 = 1.352 + 1.22 − (2 × 1.35 × 1.2 × 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 35) (1 mark)

Simplify: 𝑎𝑎2 = 0.608447 (1 mark)

Square root: 𝑎𝑎 = √0.608477

Simplify: 𝑎𝑎 = 0.78 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.78 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1 mark)

Notes

• The sides were re-labelled 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 & cos 𝐴𝐴 to make it less confusing when

substituting values into 𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

• If calculating a length use: 𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

𝑏𝑏2 +𝑐𝑐 2 −𝑎𝑎2

• If calculating an angle use: 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

• When using the above Cosine formulae the 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑐𝑐 are either side of the

angle 𝐴𝐴.

[20]
 6
4. 𝑢𝑢 = � −13 �
18

Magnitude: |u| = � 62 + (−13)2 + 182 (1 mark)

Simplify: |u| = √529

|u| = 23 (1 mark)

5. Draw a nose to tail diagram

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

• Re-position vector 𝑞𝑞 on to the nose of 𝑝𝑝 (vectors are positioned nose to

tail).

• The resultant vector is the start point of 𝑝𝑝 to the end point of 𝑞𝑞.

• This vector goes to the left (−1) and then down (−2).

• Resultant vector = �−1

−2
� (2 marks)

Alternative Method

Resultant vector = p + q = �−5

3
� + � 4
−5
� = �−1
−2
�

[21]
6. (a) Volume of a Sphere (Formulae List):
4
V= 𝜋𝜋r 3
3

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

4 3
Substitute values in: = × 𝜋𝜋 × 6400 (1 mark)
3

= 1.098 … × 1012 (1 mark)

= 1.1 × 1012 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘3 (3 SF) (1 mark)

1.1×1012
(b) Number of times greater = (1 mark)
10
2.2 ×10

= 50 (1 mark)

The Earths volume is 50 times greater than that of the Moons.

5𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
7. ÷
𝑠𝑠 2𝑠𝑠2

5𝑡𝑡 2𝑠𝑠2
Change ÷ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 × & flip the second fraction: × (1 mark)
𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑡

5 2𝑠𝑠
Cancel the t & s diagonally: × (1 mark)
1 1

10𝑠𝑠
1

10𝑠𝑠 (1 mark)

[22]
8. Let original price be 100%,
Since laptop was discounted: 100% − 15% = 85%

85% £297.50 (1 mark)

£297.50
1% = £3.50 (1 mark)
85

100% 100 × £3.50 = £350

The original price of the laptop was £350 (1 mark)

Alternative Method

Original Price × 85% = £297.50

Original Price × 0.85 = £297.50

£297.50
Original Price = = £350
0.85

Note
85
85% = = 0.85
100

[23]
9. Draw the triangles side by side. Place the triangle with the unknown
area on the right hand side:

24cm 30cm
A = 400 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 A = ? 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 30
Enlargement Scale Factor (𝑘𝑘 ) = = = 1.25 (1 mark)
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 24

Area Large Triangle = 𝑘𝑘 2 x small area

= 1.252 × 400 (1 mark)
= 625 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 (1 mark)

Blue Area (PQTS) = Large Triangle Area – Small Triangle Area

= 625 − 400
= 225 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 (1 mark)

[24]
10.

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

Arc Length = Angle Fraction × 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋

65
Substitute values in: 28.4 = � � × 𝜋𝜋 × 𝑑𝑑 (2 marks)
360

Simplify: 28.4 = 0.567 × 𝑑𝑑

Swap sides: 0.567 × 𝑑𝑑 = 28.4

28.4
Divide by 0.567: 𝑑𝑑 = (1 mark)
0.567

𝑑𝑑 = 50 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

50
Length of pendulum (radius) =
2

= 25 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1 mark)

 www.national5maths.co.uk 2015 [25]

11.

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

360
Each triangle in the hexagon has centre angle = = 60° (1 mark)
6

Each triangle is therefore equaliteral with sides 20 cm

1
From the Formulae List: Area of a triangle = × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
2

1
Area of each triangle = × 20 × 20 × 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠60 = 173.2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐² (1 mark)
2

Area of hexagon = 6 × 173.2 = 1039.3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐² (2 marks)

Notes

• An angle round a point is 360°

• The equilateral has equal sides (20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐) and equal angles (60°)

• Each of the triangle sides are 20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 since the side is half of the diagonal

length

[26]
12.

Copyright © Scottish Qualifications Authority

Draw a right angled triangle as above (1 mark)

1.8
Half of ML (short side of triangle) = = 0.9 𝑚𝑚
2

Using Pythagoras Theorem: 𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑧𝑧 2

Short side subtract: (𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)2 = 1.22 − 0.92

Take the square root: 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = � (1.22 − 0.92 )

Simplify: 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 0.79 𝑚𝑚 (2 marks)

Depth of Milk = Circle Radius + Short Side of Triangle

= 0.79 + 1.2

= 1.99 m (1 mark)

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13. From question, insert 128° into the diagram below
Angle PQR = 180° − 128° = 52° (1 mark)
Angle PRQ = 180° − (72° + 52°) = 56°

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The above triangle has two sets of opposites (lengths & angles) with one
unknown length. The Sine rule is therefore required to find the length PR:
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
From Formulae List:
sin 𝐴𝐴
= sin 𝐵𝐵 = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 25
Substitute values in:
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 52
= 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 56
(1 mark)

25×𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠52
Multiply by sin 52: PR = (1 mark)
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠56

Simplify: PR = 23.8 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Distance between Portlee and Rushdon is 23.8 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (1 mark)

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14.

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ = 2𝑥𝑥 + 13

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𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ = 2𝑥𝑥 + 9

(a) (i) From the above diagram: 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ = 𝑥𝑥 + 13 + 𝑥𝑥

= 2𝑥𝑥 + 13 (1 mark)

(ii) Area of Card = Length × Breadth

Substitute values in: 270 = (13 + 2𝑥𝑥)(9 + 2𝑥𝑥)

Multiply out brackets: 270 = (13 × 9 + 13 × 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 × 9 + 2𝑥𝑥 × 2𝑥𝑥)

Simplify: 270 = 117 + 26𝑥𝑥 + 18𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 2

Simplify again: 270 = 117 + 44𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 (1 mark)

Swap sides: 117 + 44𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 = 270

270 to the LHS: 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 44𝑥𝑥 + 117 − 270 = 0

Simplify: 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 44𝑥𝑥 − 153 = 0 (1 mark)

[29]
(b) The question states “give your answer correct to one decimal place”.
The roots therefore have a decimal value. For finding decimal roots use the
Quadratic Formula given in the Formulae List:

4𝑥𝑥 2 + 44𝑥𝑥 + 153 = 0

Comparing equations: 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
Therefore: 𝑎𝑎 = 4, 𝑏𝑏 = 44, 𝑐𝑐 = 153

−𝑏𝑏 ± √𝑏𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

Substitute 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑐𝑐 into the Quadratic Formula: 𝑥𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑎

−44 ± √442 − 4 × 4 × 153

Substitute 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 & 𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 =
2×4

−44 ± √4384
Simplify: = (2 marks)
8

−44 + √44 −44 − √44

Simplify again & split equation: 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 =
8 8

Using your calculator: 𝑥𝑥 = 2.77 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 13.77 (1 mark)

Since 𝑥𝑥 is a length then discard the negative number.

𝑥𝑥 = 2.8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 accurate to one decimal place. (1 mark)

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