122 !

Ill28 EE+

(c) r(")ql E|]{} +4g ++s}+. (b) tlHI trlEBg ol+q^J y: rl(ra + ll2 + r)¤
trl+61+.
57. (a) e7I trl+ TIbg q, q¤¤ 8EJ olEHol+ 6Jtrt (c) 1lHJ
"lf}$g "l+4^l 49 "l¤tsol "Je]E
d[ t ] g'(r) A+ql qlql^lE A'JElg, + sE "J9 4f n
E\sd Tffi ql qiail El¤-ol cB+e Ble+.
ulBHg ol*ali,<l tlEJ "lBts¤. +8614. d I -n\
*9 -;-\I
d1.
): -flT
-n-r

E E^ll Ezl
trt+ t}+E ol$qlQr 6|z|.
F(fi: {7 + l
olg elg xlg A+|^l "Jol-t "l+ +{g ol+El^l F'(r)E C6J + S.tr}.
.sJt e+E E+^l oJolts.qe r.z¤
g ts+. rrt {}¤ t}+gg "J + 914. d4ls, y:i(u): '/iq u:s(t;):
x2+rol46IE, y:F(r):f(s(r)), * F:f " gE +49 + 9,1tri. /el
eE El+6I= %IHg oJ-L X1o,, e, F: I . sE Ei++E /e}g9 EB+
s +48 + 9l= "JBg gel+= Bzlol ++g 4.o14.
80t tic EI+ I , g9 st}#z} f * gel EEI+E +ol4= rtdol $qd+.
¤41 Hzl, ^l-= Ba chain rule olb z|trr +st! trl+ HaE 6I+8, E^ll H6lol4 +Etrl-. Ei++E He}
FCx= Iπ
로 &e. ag4a34E, "l*:18 Fdll e.Jq. duldxY roll *6J uel {ffio;
t-, dylduY u"ll $6J yE HEI¤o1$, dsldrY :rql +oJ u9 {=19o14
U= [뒤 취 6'Izl. u= Hll"J+ H6Ia aY uE 4l ult"Jt H6.IE, aY re-l qC
g
U
f
F1가) "9 F
x → →
tsl]"J+ Hg a-q.-a _E_"J+. +-gg q^Jg + ?lEl.
-

"lq
-

iH A 2A → 6AA
. X3
dy_dydu
. AA
dt du d,r
: bA = 6
연+ 미가
EAll H=.1 f* 9zl E+ r,lB zlg:ap. F: f " s7l F(r): /(.g(r))e 4
elE qlC ilf"lB, ri trlE zfS:ap. t"= El^¤- Bo + +qd+.

F'(r): y'(sG)) . g'(r)

4ol q=E zl:rE, y:|fu)* u:s(.r)z| EF ul.$ zf=."al Biol
E, 49ol CB'JE+.
dA:dV du
dr
mll
du dr

E^ll E4E 6Boll EtlEI ErJ u9 =oS Auzl 19 ?E Ar4l q-&tEla

6}ul. +, 494 zJ4z alxl.
Au: sG+ a")_ g(r)
 g
U
에 >
뷰
fflg()
x→ gux -
)

D냐 gblt4xK )-g()
2.5 E4 Hxl . 123
DAflutul- fu
)

:1el{ olq qf,-6}.i y9 +E+ r+94 g+. ! 8lg,\ fail.lLal(James Gregory)

q
Ay: f (u+ Au)- f (u) ¤dl tsz1g ilgE e +^lF.ltt
^Elg ^
3E{E. +t+z} 4l"J^ rqlr4(1638-
u}gn+ zJol ,r^l d4. 1675)9=Ell, fE 4ael d+41! HI^I

dy Au "JflAg ¤4l8I7lE. fl+. f_eillel

: llm -rg +44 ael ag ^l7l"ll "l+ 4
dr Ax-O Ar =
+Ele.l Tlazi"J 7l|HE¤ "JddEt.
f.E ^lloJEtE+-\ Elltli il:tel
Au - Au
: llm -:L ++ f.+7| *r., LElql el
tn qf,ql^l ae. "ilE,{ 4
Ax+o A7.L --
At z}^Ifl+. rel
*: ^IqE 1E
xI4E ilxla}:il. Hql 36^il
: lim 4L
Au
- lim 49 el +ol.ll +flEI.
Az-o ax-o At
Au Au
/,a+l au Az+0 a&

_dadu
du dr

,tl¤olrl. EE oge. +ts +b H4.

:.dcllE" ol EE= 4qE ¤41 Hzl"l a.ol4b E4l
^Id¤- ^l^I++.
ts4q q+ sdt +He olH ¤el ¤.il fl+. D

S4l H4e fld zls-e. +94 aol +48 + ?l+.

A (f " d'b): f'(sGD - g'(s)
E.b y : f(u)olJl u: s(r)olfl aloluq=e"l 7lE_9 E++r+ ,Jol 44E
+ el+.
tr dA:dadu
dr du dr
^l
trg zlgalzlzl ilgrll, dylau* du/drr| ¤+48 dzE f il
zl ull+ol4. fel+ dzts cggxl 9t9lr au/drz ¤4lE
^zlBd4E
$fg
mmr
+
r fl+.} ^Idg Bd6lzl.
1
짜

C n Fb): lfi A u[, t.'(z)t *ol.at. 자류

- =
쭤가
EUII (^l trq zi+) olu ¤el ^l^I yEql,rJ rE ,ffu):,/;q gG):
t2+r"il 'il4 F(x): (/ " g)(r):/(g(r))eI zJol s8il4. /eI g
9l .Ei|+= tr+94 a+.
:
# ,
,rz
I,(r): f,u- s'(r): zx

:1elo-=. trl+g E=trt.

F'(x): y'(s(r)) . g'(r)
- o-: Z
z\Ei G+t
124 . rilzg .EElf

D (^l trE 9*) ":r'+1t1 a: 6 + stg trl-¤¤ E=trt

F'(x): ##: r)rO"l
/:a\: .
ztfrz +t tf 12 +t

*^l trg ^I+6I= 4*, da/dx= yE rE Et+-g ^J4¤. rtl9 se.l EEI
f(c9l {+6J y9 Ei++)olr., HlEq dyld"+ yE z9 ilfe ^J4ts ullel
v9 gilf(u.il *Q! y9 gilf)"J9 "t*"il rll4ot ¤Iq. ql= E"l :rzl
lollr.i yE
"9 ilf y: Jr\re ^J4g + ?lr E ,9 tlf y: l,6
e ^J4g +E 9l+. olql q+ E+gg EE+.
7a
dr
: F'(, ):ftT *:y'tu):#
dr ¤41 B4g ^l-+g q= Hlas-e+q g}+s.tr. tlqall"t .Jtr}. *4
Eql q+, "BlA *+ /= t"J+ Bf g(r)"11,<ll
"lEt +gql, "J+
ilf g9 EII+E B¤I+.'
E
d
f 1e(")) : f' (s(")) g'(*)

;E- tE-t+
fl-+ .il^lq il
,f-sa qrE-s+
e.l ES+ ql^Je]
*!fl;
{t q s,Bf

EAA qB Et+= Elg6lal.

(a)
a:si.r(r') (b) y:sin2r

EO (.) y: ri',(r')olo-e. ul? B+=,<I"J *folr "J+ t}+b ^ll* B+

olc|. :relee s4l Bzl.ll elsll trI¤¤ g=q.
dy
dr
d
d"
ry Hle
{}+
COS

"J+ B+
q^lel
("')

il
2r
Hte
e]
s+ t+
sBi i]+
q^tel a "J+ B+
E =Bf
: 2r cos (n2)
(b) sin2r: (sinu)2oloE, Hla E+: 4lB Bf"lr $+ E|* rI
"J Biq4. :a4oE +¤.g
g=E+.
du d t.
(sinr)2 : 2 (sinr) ' cosr
#:h
.E-sa ,[-s+
q
gE-t+
q^lel al
".rts*+
el Es+
=.si
r +I 2+ E'= ++ A= s4. 2sinrcoscE $alzl+ (lJ4 +^loJ tsll4 ¤i4lg 0l+6ll^l) sin2rE
^16*
Bg + iltr|. r
 2.5 gl|| Hal . 125

s4l B4g ^|?l i|+E ulB +I.^14 ai+^l44. "JHI4s

ts-zl 2(a)91^-l
e a: sinzola u7l xE tl+"J q, g4l Haql elEl ++g E=tri.
9:
dr ++:"o"r*
du dx clx,

:a4r,-=_ 4¤-"1 dBEttr|. d

d, , du
;t\srnu): cosuE
uttlz[xl e +4 ¤+el EE trl+ +^lg ¤41 B4+ aq]^la + fl4.
u]B o
ul1l=*f /zl q *+"J 5g+ A+el fl41 B{g B+61 9olBzl.
s-_ {g(z)},,"J q, y: f(u): u"oltr u: s(*)e ¤ + gl+.
g4l Ba!+
H9 ul#Eg ^l-&61U, 4S¤ E=+.
9:
dr ++:
d,u dr
n'tln-'+:
dt
n{s1)}"- 's'(r)

El E^ll Hzsl4 eBg qE trlEg "9 999 ¤fola u: g(r)t uI

E zFi.al{ ffiol CBflE+.

du
!G")-
dr" nun-L
dr

E.E fi{nt"l\"
:n{g(,)}^-r ' s'(x)

E-71 19 Etl++ +4 Elql^i n:t* q4^J CB + 9i+.

fE s: (r3 _ r),oo= olElalat.

EO trq^t , : g(r): t3 - 14 n : 100 o -E q6IE, 4+¤ E=+.

d,a:d (r,
dr dr - r),oo: 100(13 - r)nn9(r3 -
1)

: 1oo(r3 - 1)" . 3r2 :3ooz2(c3 - 1)'n

EW JG):#s q, f'(x)* *otaJ.

ua fz fb):(r'+r+1)-tl3oE L+41llts, trr#

:
EO E=tr+

I' G) "
.
r**',**' r'u^
^'
rlirli;,. "
1'.r",'

EE :d* g(t) :(#)'E EE'+E lotat.

126 . El28 EH+

EO ee "l+H, eq Hzt, *9 "tEHg ail6}E, +¤¤ e:q

s'(t):rl#)"*(#)
: o(:: z (zt+t) - t-z(t-z) +s(t-z)8
;' (zt+ t)2 (zt + t)to

r!-zl 69 Bf ycl y'E :r4EE :a Eft a -- (zr* 1)''(r' - r *t)og olEalal.

B l.il +4*4. yzl #4al #zl* fl ol ts_zloll,r1E E+¤.rt zJol ¤41 Hzlg .r.l$ilzl dq +.E ulEB¤ rI
4l y'9 Aol r-r. sel dCol +B 8r1l"t t4.
dg q s,:0"J9 q"J6l^I. rEs
s +'t Be 4¤El EoJ+. # : Q, + ff fi(*' - r+ r)n + (*' - * + fior* r)^ 1)5

l0 : (zx+ 1)5 . 4(rs -, + i' fi(f -r* L)

AI
v'
- r + 7)a . b(2r + tfier + 1,)
+ (r,
-2
: 4(2x+ 1)u(rt - r *t)'(sr' - r)+ s(r3 - x + t)a(zr *
v
Ir -10
z(zr+ r)o(r3
4 zJ"l
-x* t)3o] F 6Jq t5i oj4olge,
Bg ¤ + 9l+.
ol= +qqq +g
t)4 . z

reJ t
@-:zLx+l)n(rt -x*iilr'*612-9r+3)
dr '\' I

'¤41 Hzl'olt ol$ol E3 "l#b E trl= rfl= +7I6ll^J

m a ^l+g trl
y: f (u), u: eG), ,: tr.(t) olr .f , s, hy trlE 7I
"JE trI B+61ltlE+.
ts6J i+++r olz|. rqH r9l st yg E6J+E dEl uil, +94 ,Jol ¤
4l Ezlg+H^I+g+qlEl.
trh x gu ryf-
→ -
d'a _ dA dr _ dA du d:t
dt, dr <lt du dr dt

qE f G): sin(cos(tanz))E EB+= trlgzt ,Jtr|.

f' (r) :cos (cos (tu, d) ficos (tan r)
W

: cos (cos (tanz))i- sin(tan dI fikur. *)

: - cos (cos (tan r)) sin(tan r) sec2,
¤41 tszlg+t^l-g9u+. I

Cm y: tf "*! E ElE6lat.
q4^] Hl,g
E[l E]+= ^ll*-* flli"lr zl^-gtrll t]+= ^lAE t}#olq .J+
E+i= ^llxJlE
tlfol4. :aelpe" q¤-¤- e=+.
 2.5 P14 HEI . 127

9:--L9(,u",,)
dx zJ"."r' a"
2t/ secg3 ""c13tanr'fiGt)
3x2 secrs tan e3
TI
2\G;7
dAll rr{il-e. tOl=}t+l
L:4ll EJ-i= =EH:lt-
oOvlL

y : f (x)o'1tr z zl a*4 a+ Axvlzl Hg trL yE ii# q+4 rJ"l Celr[trL

Ay: f (a* ar)- lG)
E*+E {elql E6fl +¤¤ E=tr}.

):v,* : f'(a)
:14o=. il$ +r+ sat++ r}"l9 il$ eoE +448, 4*ol CB+tr}: 대전제

lim e: lim (* -/'(,)) : v'G)-.r'(a) : o g

7 u ryf
A
-

Ar-0 A-0 -

rflql ": fi- Aa: f'G)Aa*eArolr]. Ax:09 4l e

f'(o)olo-g.
DU glatox1) gla) =

E <fg 0 o.e Ael6tB, e* ar\ ¤4 tlfzt 94.

-

let ) :

f4 =-=. "l+ 7l-tsE} EI+ /ql q4 qgr+ ¤"1 ¤ + 3l+. glattxl-

다 없F수없g ☆I6 이
E Aa: l'G)Ax*eAx 빠
-g ,
.
.
"

¤zlrl Ax- 0'J q e*0olL e9 Ar9 Sa $fol4. "lE 7l-b+ il =

(

t
giai - o - 냄픽
.

#9 0l H Ce 4Eql +94 zJ"l ¤41 B4g +Bts + ?14. . =

DX
Elll H=lg 5E u : g(*)z| ooll,tl ol$ zli.ala- u: /(u)E b : g(a) oll^l
-7탁
」
ul$ zJ-i.u|4-L r1z1. Axzl Au* Ayzl 44 "loil Ell-$6lr
밝.
"9 6$ola-
b "eI y9 ?EB ull, ^l ffi .<F&all^l r++r+ aol ¤ + 1l+. g")
tr Au: g'(a)A* * 로 :
elAr {g'(a)+ er}Ar
태
.

뇨
{zl,rl Ar- 0g q er - 0olr}. o}{z}alE 4¤.4 zJ"l ¤ + 91tr}. )
ga
A AU: f'(b)Au* e2Au: U'(a)+ er)Au
¤zl,(Jau- ooJ E}l ez-0o14. ol4l
망
trel au{l q* 49 Eql ql
= 엠X -

glla)
^l ^l
"J6IE, 4gg E=tr}. 치 DA Du
= -

gica)xx
Av:
{f'(b)+ q}{s'1o)+ er)ax DM( E 1 + glla) = Dn
l14o-= 4gg E=q.
= ↑
젼 .fl F 비
) fI bt 망 공
let ) vA flatDN 1-fla
: =
f"b)
OX7 D .l

다액에먹. Du
-

챙나 닮냐
이
o Dy
소 세
= . f= o
이 Du7 있
.

이비 y-bnt " MI소*f(b비 FDY

+ , n .
129 . rll2g _EE+

: i/'(a)+ {g' ('')+',\

* ",\
Ar--- 0"J q, .}l tre Au- 0"J9 EqAq, l4o-=, At---+ 0"J trll,
er + 0 oltr ez -* 0 ol4. tr|4^J 4¤.ol C BdJ4.

#: ):ry,*: li1,{r'r b)+ e'.{o'(o)+ e'1

: 7' (b)s'(a1: |',G?))s',(a)

ol"ll tr+4 tgl Bzlol +Bg+. n

G e.lg E4l

1-6. trI+gf(g(,)) EE BC i}+s +ElLlt+. t"J+ 29. Y: sin (tat2r) 30. a: tan2(30)
*# u: s(r)e+ Hte i}+ y-- Ifu)E xl4614.l r4 31. Y: sec2r * tan2r 92.
.1
a: rstn-
r Ei++ dy/drz *"le}.
l. y: \nld"
3. y:tanrr
2. a: (Zz3+S)4
4. y: tan(sinz)
33y:(ffi#)'
5. g: ltrl"" 6. y: sin r,,6 34. a:(or+ 1G4F)-'z
35. Y: cot2(sing) 36. y: sin(sin(sinr))
7-42. trl¤- B+E
l.
EE+E *ot+.
: (xa + 3r2 - 2)5 8. F(r):
F(r) (r' - r + t)3
31. a : {r'+ (t-3r)u}' 38. ,:G*GG
39. g (r): (2rsinru * n)P
9. F(r): \n-2r 10. f G)
(1+ secz)2 40. v: COS
.2
lnz
41. g: cos SIII rr
11. f (z):
* P. fQ): ifr+t"t t,ant

42. u : {r *(e * si.r2c)3}u

13. y: (r' + ,') 14. y: a3 + cos3z
"o"
15. y: xseckr 16. g:4sec5r 43-46. +g B+E "J4lel ol4l Ed:+E *"t4.
11. f (r) : (2r - 3)n (*' * r * 1)5 43. a: (r') M. h(r): t/tT
"o.
tB. h(t): (t'- t)'(t'+ r)o
45. H(t):tan 3t 46. y: -9
19. h(r): (t* 172/3(ztz - t)3 t/x*l
20. A:(*'+i'\m +q{ eql^l tr}+ +cql q.J ddq
21. y:(5+)' 22 rG): \F\n
47-48.
I *olet.
%}4^l

47. A: sin(sinr), (n, 0)

23. y: sin(scos z) 24. IG): ffi 48. y: {L+rP , (2, s)
(g-')n-
--' d -+
2s. a: 26. G(y):
-\'/ (y'+zy)' 49. (a) d (1, 1)ql^l*d y :tan(rrr2l4)ql ql+ d
l,lr'+l
dq %I4{¤ *"I4.
27. y:rir,/tJ7 28. F(u): (7},)t (b) ol +ca+ dcg ae ElEq rq+.
E
 2.5 E4l H=l . 129

so. (a) *d s :lxl/ Jz-F g 59 a +dol+ qI s8. ql+ /9 rqsT} oI4 rg4 a$. ql, h(r):
+. d (t, t)q^J ol +C.il Eflql d.^Jel %lA f (f (x))oll g(r) : f(*r)ole| alz|. /el r?.llsE
"l+6ll^l ffi ulg {l+E
49 ;t"r+. qB614.
E (b) ol +cr+ dcg ae ElBql :44. (a) h'(2) (b) g'(z)
v
St. tlf lG):2sinr*sin2r"ll ?tE d +q^J r v= f(xl
I
I

Aq^]el dCol +Bd"J ag s+ *ol-el. I

+/J y: t/Z+r' ql q.J dc +q^J zlc

I
52.
r-2y: loll SB"J aq %FA^19 *"14. 0 I .I

53. r(r) : f (s\))olr, /(- 2):8 , f'(-2):4, 59. /9 :4 z} oI4 rHr+ 7Ja g(r): \t-fGToJ
.f'(s) : 3, g(s) - - 2, g'(b): 6 "J q, r'(s)E * ull, e'(s)9 {t9 4.t+.
ol+.[.
v

54. h(r): {4+rjGT olr /(1):7olq /'(1):4oJ

q. h'(1)g *olr*. \
\ It
55. +¤g f , s, f', g'oll r{6J +Eoltrl I
\
0 I x
T f(r) g(r) f'(r) g'(x)
I 3 2 4 6
2 1 B 5 I 60. /= R ql^J nl5i z|$,ala, aE ¤f4_L alz}.
3 7 2 I I F(x):/(r")oll G(r): {/(")}"9 41, (a) tr(x)
(a) h(r): f(sG))"J ql, n'(r)9 *"I4. et (b) G'(r)q 4+ 49 4.I+.
(b) H(r):g(f("))"J "I, H'(r)9 *o[4 61. r(r):1(e(a(r)))4 6}l, h(r):2. s(2):t,
h'(t): A,, g'(2):5, /'(S):6o14 a14. r'(t)B
s6. /e+ gE 9¤ 5x1l ss9 tlfE"l4.
(a) F(x): f(f (r))"J q, F'(2)e *"t4. +"I4.
(b) GG): g(g(")).J q, c,@)g *"I+ 62. szl F H "lB 7kt El+oli1, .f (r): rs("')"1
4 g q, f,,E s, s, , s,,g 4l9e. +4q4.
s7. + *+ /e+ g9 :a4g7l- ol4 r34 ag q,
u(*): , u(r): g(f (")) , w(r): g(g("))
f (s(*)) 63. a: cos2rE 5041 E++= *oI4.
+ 6lat.4S ol$ 4l+E (+{16l$ *"}.4. ¤4
6I^l ?J:_e_E, r olf¤ ¤H6I4. 64. fx}e-1 +F %I{^lol s: Acos(wt+6)E 41, "l
oJzI= E+ 4+ gSac|-z E!4.
(a) u'(t) (n) u'(1) (c) tu'(l)
(a) ,rl4 roll.rj ol "JzlE +E= 1I"I+.
v
\ (b) t4l 4szl 0 oJTl?
f
\ 6s. 4lEl+^B H*Ce flsz} ?zlil4zl rJr4zlE
Hl+61-b 8"14. TItl drll E+ ?lE rfl Eol 'JE+
s-
4lEl+/-oJEll, 3l.lt flsz} +++=
^14 ^IolE +
I
\
0 I , zlzl s.to)o|4. ol EE B# +lE= 4.0olr +lE=
130 . 11128 -EEl+

t0.359 H?l.llr] Httrt. olfl zlE$ aEl6ll^1, a(t):

19 Eglz}'"J'g trlt, xl4 t.tl^'t 'JEI 4lql+ el 'A)*
+lEql q+ .u.¤g ++ B+s CfltrI. + EtJ+ au/ats+ duldsg 9rl9 il¤ ¤B6Iel..
a(t) :4.0 + 0.35 sin(artls.q')
(a) rg Slel +lEel Halgg *"t4. 70. zl-<t {++78 zl79l *7le EqBr o^14. ,<lz-} toll

(b) 1oJ +19 6zF&¤ 4+ Erll zlQztlzl Aqdlrll

rl zl79 Pulz} y-(t)ol.r. HizlEol r(r)41, rlz[.
(a) EII# dvldrel avlat+ +19 ul4qEztz
*"I4. (b) dvldtz drldt9 4ss +4rlld+.
66. ElTl oJTI+ql^J ^I4 ag+q ,r,ll B9 *q ,Jol(E
g EIt s$g q-q-r+ zf,$ ffig +qd{. 71. (a) nol "J9 4+"J q, 4+g +86|4.
^l)ql
r,(t) : 12 + 2.8. i"{ ff tt - 8o)} fiGrn"*"or rr): nsin'-'e"os(n+ 1)r

ol EBg ol¤-6ll^J, "J7}+ql^l 3g 2194 s¤ zt (u) (a)4 Bl*6171l, v: cosnncosrLtE Eg.+E +

gq *E 7Jol7l gtrI"Je +7L6IEzl ulaalz|. ole|.

67. e%+ol rrt ola +E7I u "J E4l9l 486I= llg e 72. ¤^{ Hzlg 0l+611^l tr}+g +86}E
(a) 4 B+E s.{};5 I ttf"l4.
E=6iE HEl+ p:(aldt)(rrzu)o14. mol "JC6l
H, "lA;^ r:nto,7l9Eull, {zl,tJ a:duldtY
(b) g Il+E EEL++ a] ilfolq.
7l+EolE+. rqq tt4C olEql4 9z[9 ee}e
73. ¤41 Bag "l+6ll^1, E+lzI E(")oJ 0"tl E+16il +
u"ll 44 m:rno/ {;78 4 ,Jol HtJE}. q 8"1 dBilg Bq4.
zltl ms:^ czli$.g Ezlq ¤*oll cE 49
ql
4gol4. 4*"1 ¤BBg Eq4. $t,'ng):1ft-coso
*oo tzil* ql=
F: ' "-
(o14,¤
"l+ 4+qlql^l d.4 +l+E r+=
(r- ttzf c21z/z *4l4oe 6trBg 6} zlxl ol+= "Jq=
^l-&61=
trL +dEHg
"l+ +^lol e+4zl ?*+.)
68.
^ll4ql^l +g a+el "J++ ,H+trI Ell^l"J ¤
TI\I ^l-8:6iE

'Jql 9l= ¤q Elql^l "J^J{}+. i'Eg *(Hopewell 74. s= *ql^l ul$ zffiaJ,*f y:1(r)9 :4ozt
Cape)oll.r.-l EE ,Jolts ¤E trI E 2.0moll. EI3 txllr-t r4 91"11 ilr., "19 dCe ¤a f$Col
ql E 12.0 mol4. 44 AzlE tz^l7J+=-
ar+6}Eql,
^l¤^qgrB a09 e-d 6:45q1 trJ "|qqa alz}. s9 qtr ilql 4ail, rgl *tI s59
"+t 200eLJ
{ffiol roll S6J u9 UllgE BotslloJ7t?
37I ts^8iu,4. "14,9 r B (aic+q d ^lt)
el q++E^l E9 4ol ,(m)91 Ell{} +er+ ae' 7s. I (0): oolr .f '(0):2o14 r(r):/(s/(a/(r)))
s$g ¤E'Jtr|. "J q, F'(o)el (tg *oI4.
:7 * 5 cos {o.sos (t - o.zs ) }
D(t)
q¤- e+= g"tut gel tI+(E= B|,J6I 76. /(1):2, lQ):3, .f'(r):4,,f'(3) :60ll.
^l+ql F(r):f (rf Gf b)))"J "il, r'(1)E tlg *oI4
Ytl?
(a) 9d s:00 (b) sd 6:00
Tt. y: /(")"ll u: s(r)olq /e+ gE F H "lE zI
(c) 9d g:oo (d) 49-
t'g trL ffiol tBtlg Bq4.
6s. z-lCg ufe| f,-zloli.JzIg Efl= s(t), 4si: u(t), d2'a : da d,zu
- dzy (du\2
7l+E= o(r)4r olz|. ffiol ^dBBg Eq+. ,lr' - d" dr' d"'\ d" I
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78. (a) 1*1:,/V ee" r -tr ¤dl H4g 0l+6ll^l trl (u) /(z): lsinrlg 41, f'(r)E *r /e+ f'9 t
*ol CBilg Eq4. ellsE rq4. /* olqql^J trlE. E7l-!.o6J7P
(c) g(r): sin lz oJ 41, s'G)Z *l g4 s' E a
:- T
I
d
dr
J,

lcl 4sE rq4. e= qq.il^l ul$ $z|-b.f,z|f

2.G 8$+el olEE

zllzlzl tl++ 6}'+el H+E 4E H+E ol+611^J B^14 oe,

.JolE
E olql+E s¤Et + 91fl+. qlE EE ++4 a+.
y: t/r\t, u:zsinz Eol
+, "JHl4sa y: /(")e+ 2ol .trE9&4. :-flrll q¤ *+E 48al zJol oFEI+, sel* $f expricir function
gi|+, +g *+ implicit funcrion
,* y ^Iolq +4E E6ll +^lzisE, +- ¤-B+s cE¤+. cllzleE gAHld folium of Descartes
tr 12 +a2:25'

a :6ta 13 +a3
qts a+ql= old %IC^.lg uq qd Eq zql +qI oltl+.e +48 +
9+. qlE EE, "JA^l Elg yql q6il EE y: r rE-Z g EE+. r
qss EIA4 []g + ,l]el *B+ f G): t/ii-i + sG): - G-7
g CE6}I' ?l+. /e+ eE r-4s+ 4?+ H. r'+a2:25E +l+4 ol4+
uJflolr*. (rg 19 tr4.)
v v v

x 0 x .r

fal 1 (a) x2+y2 -2s (u) /(r) : \/rb-r2 (") g(r) : - rfr|-*

fel+ rlc^l trlE yql q6li Eq^-l ,9 "Jtlfe 444zlb d^l ?*+.
(A+q q+ al4= qqg $,"1 "Jilfe 44421"J, ee 4e 4+ +*
6I+.):zflrlle tr=:? 2{ +4u E1l7|'eE g^l?1d E= g8 +dol4
+eb +dE 'JCrloll, aE rql +t} H zl|9 +i++e A9ulr 914.
re+ ee 4 e++e.l r4sE rB 3"il +4H+. /= ,JA^l trq elsil C
qql
"E sE <tql
elE +++++= "Jg +g'Jd^lol /el Ae-lqql 4¤I
+oJg Ettrl.
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?3+{/(")}':6rf(r)

v v v v
xr+yr:6r,

,r 0 T 0 .r 0 x

Z EilzleE:- .J^Ifld fal 3 c,llz[ee "J^]flCq Ed CelE ^11

+]+E r4s
=.eJ

qq^H4lE, ael Etl+E *zl 9loll, %I4^.lg yql q4 r9 alee ¤

gs-z} S4. r- r.ilCql EIEES
^I*g + fltr|. ol= "JA^lel "J
=g+9
ri rtl
Eri icit differentiation Hg 44 r"il 4di trl++ ++ql a A.ala ge %IC^19 y'oll qd +=
449-s ol+qdcl. olH ¤9 Bzl4 qe E4lql ?l= %lC43 yE z9
ul$ zfi.oJ gt++tr Ael6lr ileq "lql q+ g+++E "l+Eg 4+g
+ giEl:u 7Ia6Jq.

E (e, a)oil^l fl r2+'y2:2501 EllEl EdE "J8^lE lofal.

(b)
EUII (a) gt44 r'+a2:254 "JBg E;+6IE trl^94 aq.
fia'*s2): fioo,
*G\* fi{r,):o
y7l rE ++"Jg .$zl;|n ¤41 H4g ol+61ts trl^¤¤ E=4

{tt:fit'tff:ro*
_L4oe. El¤-ol cBt+.
2r * 2u9:
"dr o

ol4l
"l *A{g ¤tr 4¤¤ E=+.
d,s/da4l 116I
dy
dxa-_*
(b) d (S, a)q1,q ,:3oli. y:4ollrg, q¤¤ g=tr}.
dy:-3
ds4
EI+^J (s, a)"llr-l gql ql* ddq EIC4e q-94 Aq

v-4:-|f"-sl s-E 3x*4v:)g

 2.0 BBf9 olEB . 133

(b) %LA^l 12+y2:2bEEE,y:a rfx-*' g gEEl. d (s, a)

y: r/zs-r' +qil9-se, B+ fG): t/z*79
ql
= +l+ Hig S4l Bzlg "l+6ll^J /E ulButB, 4gq-a+.
^Jzt6'IxI.
,("): _ ,r)- ,,, _ *r)
f f,t u
*bs
1
(zs_ *r)-t/21_ zx): _ _+ re.zl 19"J{{g Eo] yE 19 "j
2 tl25- r" t}?-a +48 + iiEl?+E gtl+
ir.=loe +¤¤ E=+. ol+Bol q flg + 1l¤¤ q^loJ4.

\-'
J,f'(3): --L:-+
t/zs-t' 4

qe+^i *ol 1+ rJ"l d,,J9 *C4g 3r*4y:25014

El (a) * y' :6ryoJ tl, a'it 1!olat.
13
(b) E (s, g)o{l^1 EtlTleE. g^t+ld 13 +ys :lxsall 4Et trdE *olat.
(c) r1l1 olE Eoll^jE Edol +gd?!7t?
^[EEE
EO (u) eE rel *+g 44El^l rt +a3:6xy4 "JBg r.ll Soll trlg6t
a-, y'"il ¤41 B4g 6rvollE {i9 "l-?Hg 4+6'tE E++¤ E=El'
3x2 +Tg'a':6Y*6rY',

+ 12 + u2Y' :2a*2rY'
ol4l s'"il ql4 EB EF3¤ E=+.
u'y'-2ry' :2y- r',
1nz -z*)a' :2a- x2,
v

(3,3)
2Y- x2
o' - y2-2r
(b) r: U:3 "J q, ++¤ E=tr}. x

u,_2_-3-32__l
' 3z-2-3
rqr =.8 4E trr qoJg + 9l=ol, olE (3, 3)ql^Jsl 7l9-7l? 4 reJ 4

¤6tE+. -zels e (s, s)q^l "J^Ifldq ql+ ddg "Ja^lg Els-r+ aq-.
s-g:-1(r-3) EEo*y:6
(c) ddg a':09 4l fBC"l4. (a)d^J s'oll 4t ol+4^J
^lg 4
(y' -2r * 0"J 4) 2y- r':oolE y':0"J9 g + 9l+. +dE g.
43].il a: tr2& qE6lE +¤¤ E+E+.
T, +
1

2
I : u"(+*)
ol= : e, c3 : 16 *
,J+61 alts ,6 1623
"lE|. 4 1 ^l$tsql^l r 0olr:
g gyL r:t6rl3:2a/tolts y:f,(zlll)-25/3olQ. :relse ddg 4
0
A #C.ltrL (2a/s, 2s/t)g=^14-9.a
(2n/t,2tl3)"il^1 (z.stgg, 3.1748)
.f.al 5
olEl. rB s= trE, ol B"l 4¤tig "J + 9l+. I
134 r r{2g EHt

I *y):g'corrg Efl, g'E *OEt.

sin(r
EFn a4 c9 ilfg¤ '$zlu|-r rq +4 g*+E trl+Hg 4+6IH trl-g
g 9=+.
2 cos(c +il ' (t +y';:2Ay'cosx*U'? sinr)

^l-+fl,r +Hql: *9 "lEEr+ E4l tsz]g ^I

(4Hq1= ¤41 Bzlg
+fl+.) ,y'71 E*g 6J# seE +-gr+ A4.
_a 2 cos(r+y)+ y2sinx: (2ycos ,)a'- cos(r *y) . y'
:a4o-e. +¤.¤: e=q,

y-@ y'sinr*cos(z*y)
...,
_Z
-
fEJ o a+q qt+ il4ql4 ¤-EL+g r4s a-471 BBss rfl re 69
*C *y):y'co"rE g+= Eq=4. +19 Cg q"J6l7l .?16ll
sin(r
+lql^l g¤.
^lql
tr:u:0¤. ']|E6IE y' : - 1"JEll, ol :elluoll.rlE
fleql4g zlgzlzl aE _ l-s -Bql4. r
r www. stewartcalculus.com
EEm * + a4 : 168 trll, r/'E lol'a[.
Additional Example AE E+. EO +qa %r-A^lg r.{ ¤-611 gt}+g trl+Bg zl+6}E +g¤ e:q
r:zB z¤. E7l 49 *C on *ga : 16 4r,3+4'y',y':o
g Bq=+. ol= fl *'+y2:4e y'ql q6il EE trl¤-r+ eq.
541 ",l"i6lal 6J Eolol+. olfl
ol+q^l "l= qq51 'E-Ftl g'ol tr ,y:-
,X3
+ +=+, ol= g+"ll^l ,|l+ TIII a,
e4l +g6IzlEJ rJzITl 'l]+ BE6lltl a"e *71 9lall, u'ql S* "l ^l¤- *9 nlEB¤ ol*rll,rl olgu|._r. e
+. ol= trf¤. ^lq^l
q"JB + 9l+. zl t9 *+"Jg tzlalfl +gg E:+.
x3 r
0,,:*(_#): _ u (a/ ar)(*') - r' (a/ ad6')
3
v ,y 3
n
(y')'
y'-zr2-x3 (ty'a')
-v y6
.ra+ya:16
Elg ol Ell"J6IE, trlgg E=tr|
^l ^loll
3r'y' - 3*'a' (#)
a 6
v
2x
_ _g(r'an+xu) _ _zxz(aa+rn)
y7 'y7

:zflrJl ** a9 <lg +149 "JA4l ; + s4 : 16¤ "J4,rl4"t 't}tri. :a

--1Zl '7
BlEe B¤- rJt6l 6IH +¤.4 AEl.
r?t: - nri
Jd.

a,,: - r
 2.6 EEt+el olEH . 135

etE E4l

-fr gi}+g
1-2. (a)
(b) t*C
"lEHo-e. u'g +ot+.
yoil *6J "JtI+e 4442, olE "l
23.2(r2
(s, t)
* y')' : zs(r' - yz) 24.v'(y' - a):
(0,
*'(r'-s)
Eq - z)
^lg
e4 ^i a'* ,E ^.les Ll4.ll+. (+gd) ("J"I9 *d)
v
(c) (a)oll^l Eg B"ll y.ll rlt{! !g ql"Jtll^i, (a)c+ (b) v

9 B:ol "JzlElg q"J6l+.

1. 9r2 -y2 : t 2. 4x2 +9Yz :36 x
.r

3-16. auldxz gtl+el ul$se-e *ot4.

3. c3+rzy*4g2:6 4. 12-2xy*y3=c 25-28. gt|+q EIEH oE u"g *olel.
5. x2 + ry- y2 :4 6. gt + ,'Y' : l* raY 2s. 9x2 * u' :9 26. Ji + li: t
7. ycosr:12+a2 8. 1+r:.ir(ry') 21. r3*A':1. 28. ra+y*:a4

9. 4cos rsingr: 1 10. ysir,(r2): ,tirr(y')

29. (a) *C:lol az :1ra - rzoJ +dg oll+=^^9
11. tan(-rf y): r*y 12. \E+A:ltx2y2 +84. d (r, 2)qld ol +Cql qt
13. ,/*y:l*t2y 14. sinc*cosy:sinocosy
=dolq
ddel *A^lg *"1-4.
ffi (u) (a)9 +C!+ dCe Ae ElBq :244. (:4
15. ycos a : L *sin (ry) 16. tan (, - y) :
Th E *il7| ¤.e|+el rqls= rB + il+B,
a4¤ ol$alz|. r+;(l ?*rl4s, +l+r+ oI4
17. f G)+ *{f (r))3 : 10ola 1(r): 2g q, /'(l)g + Hi4 Etre ol +dg rB + 91trI.)
*of-4.
30. (a) BC4ol a' : 13 +3r2 "J +dg il=6t9fl!
18. gG)+rsin9(r)-- r' "J trli, s'(o)¤ *ot4 dil tI+. A (1, - 2)q^J ol +dql
qtel =colE
ddE "JC^lg *oI4.
(b) qts d.tlrl ol +dql 4t! dC"l fBCqlztz
1s-24. +EI+g "ltsHg ^l^+611^1, +qd dql^l +
(c) ,J9 Eltsq 1"1e| (u)9 +d!+ dd# :1q?+.
g +dq qt dCE %IA4g *"t4. ffi
19. 12 # ay*u2 :3, (t, r) (Elg) lcnilsr. giI+E rqEE rg + flE a+Et q+ d4lE
20. 12 * 2ry - y2 + t :2, (r, z; ('t'*+d) "l+6|E Tlgt E.oJg "JE + 9ltrl-.
: (a) B4^lo1 +¤.r+ ae +d¤. rq+.
21. 12 * g':(z*'+zy'-r)' 22. *13 * a2/3 4
(0, L) (- s /t, r) Y(Y'- rXY- 2): x('-1)(t-2)
(ce}$ (Bs"Jd) 9"I4 "*g Aq^J ol +dq 4tI ddol iB
v v
d"JzI? olfl dEe] zals,E qB6lE.
(b) + d (0, 1)+ (0, 2)ql^19 ddE %LA4g
?+?+ *ol+.
x 8,r (c) (a)9 dE9 Aq'J r4EE *"1+.
(d) (a)9 ,JA^lg +e4^J g{ q zlg6J +dE
g- E.zl.
"JEq
 136 . rll2g E^*?

lclTlsz. (a) *calol trl-94 ae +ce zl-Fit"ll Hl+s+. 40. (a) x2 + xy + y' + 1 : 09 q, +B+q "lSBg
=
2Y'+Y'- Y' : frn -zrs + 12 E v'E *"I4.
(As (b) (a)9 +dg;+E BEql rq4. +9'9 +eB
a+q q+ al4lE ol+6ll^J ol +cg r?_l:il.,
r ol+E oJottrz|. f ?lEzI? Se.J 4*zl A+{}g +86[E].
(c) (b)9 e+e, (a)oll^l *9 y'ql rll6J 4lql +611
(b) q¤ dql^.1 ol +dq 4{} dC"l fBd"Jzt?
ffl BE r4sE 7+"1-4. +19 'JE + glEzl?
33. q6J +4 23q 9l= + "J cq d +q^l r dql
41. ¤{l+fl "l$*g "l¤dfl^], d pq^l 6Col o?l flql
rl9 dd"l +EC"J 49 *"t4. d6lE "Jele-l dcg oJx[F opel +zl"Jg Eq+.

2 42. +c ,/i+ ,/i: ,/; q qe} "Jelg dc9 14

34. ¤{}+q offis-E tl (ro, y,r)91^1 rrE 4a * a
b2
:1 E4 y4s.9 tlol c99 E¤e|.
ql 4+ ddol +34 ,J*¤ Bq+. 43. ole^l *2-*a*y,:39'Eld6J Elg,'¤ +ol
rot UoA
I
a+s+r+ EBoIzl f}g E+fl$ L+{.dtrt. ol r}gol
,,2
--t-:
b2 r1& zl+= eE:g *r, rfl d"ll^lE dc"l
^Je Bq"Jg
Eq4.
3s-38. + +dq Eeql^l r dCEol +zlg uil, :
+ +de 4r.6J+r elq. qg +d+Eol ^.lsel rl 44. (a) d (- t, l) ql^l 4fl. ,' - ry * y' : 3ql q'J
r. trdgg Eq+. +, + +c+ql +6ib 4 +de Bdol ol E+gg E+^l zl+= *3 94"Jzl?
trI= +d+ql +6J EE +dl} zlldJg u.qe}. + + EE (b) (a)9 4+lr+ BCg r4?+.
d+¤ Ag a}s ¤E{ ¤t4l :744.
35. uz*'y' : r'2 , ar l b'Y : g 45. +C *''y'+ry:2e] {J 6"ll^l r do||^]el dC
36. 12 *'Y' : ur , *2 + Y2 : 6',,
! zlgzlzl - r ql Ag E+ *"14.
37. Y:c", 12+2A2:k 46. A (tz, e)¤ zl4E 4fl ,' * 4yz :36q 46J +
EE sa. u: ar\, 12 +3az : b
ddel %Ia^l¤- s+ *oI+.
3e. (a) nE9 Tlillel Tlsg l2, +ul= v, &EE T 47. E+fl *'/ o' + g'/b' : 14 AdI+C ,' I A',- a', I n',
"J q, H] cllg g^ *A^le +gn+ aq. :13 A2<azo\a a2-b2:A2+Bzg q(:1el
P+'?
2
(v- na): nRT se EI+ln+ t}+dE a¤ol ^JE ag q) 4i e
V, d"Jg trq4.
9zl,rl /?g -H-¤ zlSl tfolr, a4 bE +
BtlJ TlillE +dg +Et]lb o}+=olq. r7I 48. + +d+ y--(r*")-'4'y:a(r*t)'/'ol zl;l
gc6J rL gtl+E trlBHg dv/dp ¤C"l EIE+ f a,9 Atg *oI4.
^l_8-oil^J
E +oI4.
(b) +ul7l- 7:1g1,oll 7l"Jol P:2.5atmoJ 1 49. oi} Ell¤ Et+ 'y: J(r)Y z9 -E-5 <tql^l trls *
EE ol{IE}+ael 7l"Jql +aJ +ulel E+e 44 xU" + A' * rU:0& uJ$,tlzJL 0q^lE Aol
g *"14. a:3.592L2-atmfmole2$ b- -r(O): 1oltrt.
: 0.0426 L f moteg 0l+6}zl. (a) -/'(o)E Ag *ot4.
(b) ¤-i++el
"lEBg ol+6ll^J J,,(o)* *.I"+.
 2.7 EIEEJ tt+E . 137
^1e-

s0. ol-rll rflg s+ql^J eggog 3*+l"J# Bq4 v

9l+ d*r+ 4g +q < 571"JE rBzt

12 + 4yz
T
E Bq+4. d (- 5, 0)ol fBzlE E^l?]oll 9l+ ,I

E. dF9 14 9lE 9"I"Jt Eq4 ilYzl? 3

x

G 4-e +E!fl HEI-3

+c +se +7lE EqBsB, +cq +Eel uJzlEol ¤:7t6}r. a +71

gEe xje *fl9q iltrI. :zdrll HlzlEel +7I-.&Etrl +slel fzl-&¤ 4
d +C 6F= aol q d+.
,qe *flS H+g +41= ++ gtr'e 6J H+E Hapg (+ trl d4
+cB + il=) trl= E+E H+g-g 0l+6ll^l c6l-= 1o14. ol +¤e +
H+E +A1E %I44¤. *r, 4¤-91 g4l ts49 ol+4^-l ^lrJql +6ll
"Jtrg El+6]^= 4"14.
Gm +E Ed 4oe B7l= EqEr ?,ltsEll, +tr17t 100cm3/s9 EEI-E
e xlEol 50cm9 trll EdE ur|Ee gtrlLl gel
=7fAEt.
EO ++ + TIzlE +"J6Ir eg-q1trl. =71'6tg-71?

+"/41 dE: ¤L71 +qq 100cm3/sol4.

=:zF&e
*94* ""t: zlBol 5ocmol 4i tlzlE9 *zl&
ol¤ +elg +EI4SE- s.a47l +16ll^1, r+g!+ ,Jol B4c 1Its zlE
E EEtitrl.
*Cq +sl4 aE, rg : llzl$ol+ 6lz}.
I/E
tzloll"tB 444.J 94= {$$o1 5a+++= ^}doltr}. ol E4ql^J
E+ ^la 19 Bfol4. ^lrJql +'J +ul9 6zl-&8
+Ele+ tlzlE.g
Ee+ dvldtolr., HlzlE9 6zF$9 drldtolr|. :-elE-E- +qd AE
e+ *eq= "&3 4g+ A"l q^l ¤ + ?ItrI.

+"/41 d-u: ff: 100cm3/s

*94# ooL: r:25cmoJ "11q #

dv/dtel ar/at* ¤a^l7l7l 916il^1, Bz1 Ve\ 7s' +q +qq +6J
+¤-+4_e-e +d 4=+.
4
V ,r13
3

+qd cBE ol$alzl glEl^1, ol 4lE "JEg t"ll *ull trl++tr}. +H

139 r rll2dt .Eg+

g trleu}zl +1611^i= 4g=4 zJol ¤41 H{g olSE BszI tl4

dV dV dr . .zd,
E: drE:4rr dt
ol^ll olE E+¤-!+ rJol *.s4= "Joll 4o1l ¤zt.
drLdV
dt 4rt.2 dt

.dvldtz /J-fzl"J, dr/dte *+71

ol
^lql
r:25* dvldt:100¤ q"J5lts, +gg ¤84.
otqtr}.
#:#1oo:#
+dE uJzlSS tl2sr)cml"9 Halge +7l6JE+. r"l

EHF,| 5mel A[[al7l Er.l Eo[ 7lEfiol ?ltrl. ElelTf 1m/s9 *H

o.-e E-o._e+el ^lEt4e.l
3mut Eol^1
Eolxlz ?ltrtfl, lEhalg ElalTl Eop+E1
?lE trfl, qal= EE q+ gElL[ gal L|lqTlETl?
^lEtalE
Eul H^l rB 1r+ zJol :B¤:1Blr, 4e4al s^l6}zl. r(m)E ^I+EE
-
rd
+Ele+ q alJ., y(m)ts zl{ ,r.}o1E z1q
^I"lel 'lE]+ ^l+4e.| "l?-le+
+ 6IrI."4 sb s+ ^lA t(ia)E ilfol4.
+q4! aAg drldt:lm/soliil., *9q= +"*g r:3moJ ql
v
5 dylatol4. (:B 2E .E.+.) ol E4lql^l r* y ^Iol9 +41= tlEtr?+
C?lql 9q q*r+ AE+.
^E
+Yz :25
x '2
ZIE
¤41 Bzlg ol$all,{ "}Hg ,oll +Bll t:l$6tg, +gr+ A+.
f e.l
JEI
r

,,ff + zuff: o

ol %I4{g g6|= H+$.il r1t6il ¤E ++e e}q.

d) _, dy:_rdr
dt dt adt
y
z:39 trI ulElr4^q C4ql el6ll ,:4ola-, olql q+ olfl AlE4
drldt:19 4EBIE 4g¤ E=+.
x

dt :l
#: -f t,l: - f u"
+++= ^l¤g ^tqalE q4e+ 4ts ^IolE //zl lrr.ls
dt
dy/dt7l
-tal c
JAL

E +qe-E a^t}g E+4. Bh+l "J6IH, ^Iqe.lel "1"-l= H3 4+| |r/s

el +qs.? 44rJ4. r
cEEr +lEel flg EgE EEJ37| ?l=E11, "JEg uxlEe 2mola Eol=
4molEf. ol EJsoll EE z *'/*i',9 EE+EE'Jr ?lqE, EE ?ol7[ 3m
 2.7 EIBEJ t{+E . 139
^1=

g trll +Eol 8e6[= +qE eotal.

EUI tszl rB 3r+ rJ"l fl89 f-?-lr, zi¤alal s^1617}. v, r, hE zl4l
e ^14 rg q EE +ul, +EE uJzlE, +ol4r 6IzI. q7l^] 19 t
+l= goltrI.
+"ltl adg dV/dt:2m3lminolr., *s qb +n*g hz| 3moJ rll T
E dhldtolc+. H+ I/e+ ni 4g 4ss +Aqq fl+.
4
T
h
y:
tI
1

lrr3h
:¤rll r/E h"Jel il+.=. s.Q16}ts dol ,t* ++61+. rE flollzl 9l -ral
Jd9
e

6ll^-l rH 3ql fl= E}e t4BE¤ "l*alE El¤.rl zJol ¤+ fltrt.

r2h
h: T, ,:
'
reloe. rql ++ 4e q"g+ zJol 84.
t ln\2
': t"\t) n: #"
"l4l
olHg r"ll tdl EIEB f glYrll, 4*ol ^dBttrl.
dV r.odh
E: 4h-E @et q+ oJtL4sE +++= s++
(^lrJql U6l-= B+Eq qt}) +
le]oe q¤-rl aq. qrl +il ctrE ul+ "Jzl ql"J6l-=
dh 4dv dol4. ulsoJ Fl"ll Ell"J6ll"r a+c|. (t4l
dt rrhz dt 79 E4l 6el ffio14.) q= EE, E7l
34^l hsl SHI4.J a[¤ 4*4zI pl-zl
h: 3me| dvldt:2m3lming q"J6tg 4gg g:q "_i *4lql^l
alt4o e h:33 rll"Jil+.
dh4^8 (h:39 = d.ll rlloJ6[8. av/at:o
E- 7# 'o-6; g Eg aqlql ol= EBq e*ol+,

+Eg 8/@")= o.28mlmine'l $Q o e ,t}+t4.

d+ u-7l 1-sg ,qe S¤B Hslg +rll= +g+ ag +4lq q+ ¤ ag .J^lql4

r. -ExllE +q ?s.Al 9l*+.
2. 7}tsi6i+8, rBg ril+.
s. zlE¤ EoJt4. EE H+ql zlEE +qtr+.
^lrJq El+.J
4. +q t Ctre+ ,*sq: Hepg EiI+s sBtq.
s. E4lE qq H+# +fl4= %IA^lg +tr}. gealtrIB, +q{ *
+r+ +Hg 716I+¤ 0l+6l^-l (-E-7l 3ql^Je+ 'J"l) H+ + 6I+E ql
"Jg F61l fl.J4.
6. ¤41 Bzlg ol+El^J *C^lE "JHg t"il *dl "let+.
7. a aa+e Eg tsC^lql +olrl cJrE 4"J6lr, *eqb H+gql
'il6il +trI.
140 . rll2g EA+

48 BzlES ol d*.11 q,6J E +E q^loltrl

EW rh=il A7t i+e.E e0km/h9 4Hoe Hqa, rl'Eil BE ++e.

B 100km/h9 44o-e gaJq. .E+ + aE Eil-eE Edtr ?l+. llrile
oll^'l A= 60 m, BE 80 m Eolx{ flg trfl, + ,.l71 Lle 7l7tl+1^l= +aje
EEI'E7I?
EUI eatel tlElg rB 4+ Aol rqzl. {zl,rl C= + aE ir"itsol+. +
qd roll, rE il Ae+ c yE il Be+ c ,
C A
^14 ^tolE 44, ^lolE 44,
+ iI ^lolel ,1"-l+r 6IzI. q7l^l r, y, zel ++lE r<mol4.
v = +qd adg dr/dt:
-90km/n* daldt: - 100km/hol4. (oel
B
yzl zlLt;lE_E, _Ee-+q gE +EE Efl+.) dzldt= *sqn +q.
t, y, zE t¤IE +41= El4r?+^E A4ql EEI trIg4 a+.
.r.al 4
,2: 12 +a2

"JHg ,q +6il sl+6}ts, trt¤¤ g=+.

,,ff:r***rr#,
dz_t(*dr da\
E:;\E-v dt )
r : 0.06kmol_z y: 0.08kmg q irl4n?+4E A?]q 941 , : 0.1km
oloe., ol$ q"Jolts El-grl ar+.

# : frto.ou . (- go)+ o.o8 . (- roo))

: - 134km/h
+ z|=,rlE 134km/hE +qoE 7t4+l1lEl. I

EEE Et r1d treE afaf l.5m/s9 Aele.e 4.l. ?iq. Ba5ol

tree+q ^tgol
6m Eqd rlEoll ¤xlElol ?lz. og AEE "l+a glq.
^taJoil
EJEEoll^ 7t8 7l77le treE xlEal 0l tg holE 71el7l 8mts 41, HE
5ol ad6tE 4E EE[E-= Aolal.
t}+g rB se+ rJ"l 444a, rE Ba5q^l zlz! zltlg Ea
EUI +ats-l
9 zld4 r ^lB ^Iole.l 444t 614. aE BaEql^l tr+q qA +
dr+ Ba¤:9 H¤zl ^|"lE zlolzll aiz[.
+q+! 4Ag ar/dt:1.5m/sola, r:8oJ q de/dt=;+sq.I. t
4. :rH 59lrJ re| dE +flAE qe4 Ae 49 *g + 91trI.
[: tanl, r: 6tano
olEg ,ql *6ll trl+61tr, 4¤¤ EEtrl.
r=J s
#: a"""'eff '

#: *"o"'eff: |"o"'a(1.5): l.o,'e

 2.7 IIEEI E]EIE r 141
^1tr-

r :8m ull H6zl9 zJ"lts lOmolE?, cosg:

i.,, trl-gg EEtrt

#: +(+)': #:0 0e

Ba59 0.0erad/s9 E+¤E ald++. n

m EE E4I
1. r/= E 4ol7l r 9l c*EglE +Elolr rlt"l
E-^-lel
(a)
dy 1
ofQ ulz|., : 2ola-r:
s+q f C +,
4+ a+Exlr} B+B tr\, dvldtz atlatg dt 3
.^le_s +4.114. dr
dt =. *o14.
2. (a) ,48 HlalEol r"J fl9 dr 2Ji
q.
Holol-r. ,<lzJol E+ql (b)
E :3olE 6tzl. x: -2olA y: .) ol
=
"I4 fl"I S+Fj dAldtE dr/atg 4se q,
L+ElLllE.
ff= *oi4.
(b) n++¤ +4,s{^l ++g fl#zt +lBoe sl4l
c|"-r. o14. $$g fl+E Hlzl$ol 1m/s9 oJC g. 12 +a2 + n2 : n, ff: 5, #: 4ei alzl
+ EEI¤-_a ,t{E+E, +leE g+E H}zlEol
30mE 4l : Hol= gtrILl E4 4zltszl? (*, y, r) : (2, 2, 1) g q, #* *"[4
3. C^F4IB9 4 E"l 6cm/s9 Sffis ,ldEL C^I4Be] 10. tI gzlzl *d y : ",n+"' ¤ tr14 ¤-4ql4. ol4
H"lz[ 16cm29 ql, c^]zI¤gl H"]b olE Hq¤-e =o7t ol d (2, 3)ql Egg 41, s4*E 4cmls9 Hq¤s
ol--zlz
+7I6J+. r +rJql r$$u 9"I* Eq Edl+7I?
4. {^r4$ ! zlezl 8cm/s9 Hq¤-E. A^la *il.a=
Scrn/s9 H+8tr- 4A+. 7l?7l 20cmola *il87}
11-14. (a) Ezll.ll +q4l E+= Ffl"JzlZ
lOcmoJ trL 4^14¤9 HolE ¤"tL} E4 ¤lzlr}
(b) *eE= +*e *9,?lz|?
(c) 999 rl4 t"ll,<l ol d}+g lH
oe, +4.114.
Y7l? (d) {+# +41: %}a4g 4q4.
flzlE nolE Erq E¤ s *'/-i',
S. EJaJ +ol 5 m"J (e) E4l EolE tri+zl zlq+.
E Eq¤e ill+r !lq. EE +ol} 9"14 E4 11 . t¤op} \ot^J r dH"lzl 1 cxn /dnel sil$e aAq¤.
+7lt|'}7l? uJzlpl 10cm9 4l tlzl#l a^6IE Hsl¤g +leL
6. +el HlzlE+ 4 mm/s9 Hlgs Azlt_ 914. zlE"l
80 rrm$ q, +slb 9"[4 E4 +z]al-=7p
12. 4gq u1l AE u[ noll,tl ,t]{9-e 150km Eoltl zl
dql 9lE+. ull A= 4H arrm/h-e *!4_ e--e., H|l B
t. a : r/zr+ t olr r el u5. e.5 r E il+El 6l^I.
=
+q +
25km/h-8. ++-e-e. 6}tltEJtrl. u]|
^Iol
E ,l?-l= -q+ 4^l.ll ¤"I* Eel E6I.=7I?
(a)
#:Bol+ olx|. c:49 q, #E *"I+.
13. 800km/hq +qoE 2km9 tol"llr.J +Bes B
(b)
#:s?+ 6lz|. r: t2oJ trll,
ff= *"14. r 9l= ul4zlTl qlolq Tlzl ^J*¤ zlL+r 914.
ulEzlq zlzl ,(1o1E A4zl 3kmg q, HlqTle+
8. 4r2 *9a2 : 36oltr r * a= s+ rE E++r 6F,L .<|o1E 44zl +716l} +qg 4ot4.
zlzl
142 t l1l2er EEt+

14. zlpf,o1 5ol 6m9 d+Ell +lql 9l+. zlzl zmoJ tl 20. 6J ullz}yt*ielq ++¤ *¤ql 9"ll PFe Eqzl
Bol zld treE rla| 1.5m/s9 44"e d*4e r fl=ql, ol *¤g qq4trq 1m trl +e ++
PH Egzlr 9lq. r7l- dJ*rilE+El 10m Eol4 E Ee4E Fl}t+. *6o1 1m/s9 +qs.=- E
9lg trL fq rBzI E¤ gu}* E4 $zl"ltsz}? qr fl+{, B||7| ? Ys+Et a m Bol4il$ oll utl
++ql 9"t4 E4 d=6i'=7|?
ls. zl-Fil. + EllTI ag zldql^l eoJ6ll^J gEa 9l+. =
6I+= 4H 3okm/he- g4os, trI= ag +q
72kmlh-E ,<J$-9.-e gflq. +
^lA flql +
zl-F
iI ^tolE ,l?-l= qtr +qse- fizlt;lizlt
21. 4sql EI A= eoll4 .tl{9-E 100km ¤"lel zl
ul]
16. zlEql fl= t2m gq4fl= dE
Bql fl+. ufl AE 4ts ss km/h-ts H-+oe, Ell B
qgg Hl+r^sE+olEzl
,i)4. zlzl 2moJ
^].S"l ^-EE4ol +q 25 km/hE ${ o g 6}6ll+tr}. + H}l
Ee+El A+9 o}"ll 1.6 m/s9 +qee er 9I =
.el ,l?-lb -q+ 4^lql 9rt4 94 HalEzI?
^tol

4. tzl aEE+El a^4 4E"l ilg trfl, -r-E r

Bzig ,Jolb 9"t* Egsl ,J^6I=7].? 22. o)zlzl *d y: '/72 qz} szloll !lQ. ol oJ

471 4 @, z)= 49 trll, olaE r6|gu 3cm/s9

17. 6J Vxlzl zld PEPq $4os 1.2 m/s9 +qg +q-g-e ?zlttrt. ol +tq ol oJz}e| gd ^Iol
tr471 ^lzliutrl-. 5g flql '* ¤zlz} pql^J t+ el A q= E"I{ E4 EetEzt?
o-E 200m ¤q4ilE zld"tlr-l 84"-a 1.6m/s
E +qqE ?zl rlzl9lQ. 4zlzl flzl .rl$alz 23. + E}lel 7tE a9} ezt rBlI+ TJol 7Jol7l 12moJ
15+ flql + qts +q.ee gqzl=7|?
^tg.g 9t¤e ¤aq{ qlr, *¤e Eq4 P= zlEtr}.
Htqql fl= A O* rq1.<1 4m HIE "teilql 9le
18. oI+zJ q"Fts o-J Eol e0 ftoJ CrI4Bol4. 4zlzl E F zlq ?14. zle AE 0.bm/s9 44
zllr 75- ;ffi 24 ftlsel 44 " e g{E+. ^|ol"ll
+g iln oe ge+q Eqzlr ?l+. 7|E Ae+ I
(a) 4l r+vlzlE eBJ zldql 9lg q, 41 2 +e+ r ^tole.l
44zl 3mg 4l , 7lF- BE 8E aJ4 E"t+ ts4
,1?.1= q¤ +qe-E e46I=71?
^tolE ¤-zlolEzl?
(b) ag +,Jq zil s Fel r. ^Iolel 4?-l= qB +
qsE. +716lz7l? P
I

I
I

4m
I

o
90
24, Fldf, g¤. E"Jq Brotl^J 5ol r0000"*'/*in9
Hs.l¤E ^]lr fl=ql, olel t^lql Ed3 +9e. E¤
g4't} Hslgg B.z fl4. B=9 k"lE 6 molr
19. +4BE tol= 1cm/min9 +qsE ¤tz}6}-r., H
oly zcm'/min9 Hslge. +7tt!+. t4B9 + flEg zlgg 4 mol4. E9 4olzl 2 m"J Ql fHol
olz| lOcmola Holzl. 100cm'"J oL "JH9 ?ol 20 cm/min9 H!+gs t+qFlE, Bsql +g B:

E qts Hs.l¤-e EalEzI? EaPg *.I+.

 2.7 ltflEJ HEIE . 143
^1tr

2s. E¤q a"l= 6moltr r *Eg 9dfl olEE 31. gzl qql^l 0.15m/s9 44ge
qq17l7l
^ir+"lel
+7+¤9s q,Hol lmoltr tolE SOcmol4. ol 44zll llrl ^ltrl?-]9 44zl- HBeePel em
EEq 1.2m3lmin9 HFI¤e E-g 4lg+H, EE Eq4 il= +Aq, olae 0.2 m/s9 +qes q
zf,olzl30cm9 trll +He g"I* 94 tf,altsz}? {lr.l B"lzlr 9lq. ^}+4el zJolE g"t?lz}?

26. +.BrJ9 uJulE 5m, 'Jolts 10m, $9 + Eq 4 m32. Eq4q^l 2 L/minE Ealgg +9.= -Eol zlBol
olE t m, 7l* 4¤ xldg 4olE 3mol4. rBg 60 cmoJ t*+ Eo}sl 4"tE zll*l il4. 4otz[ ¤
olE +Eg ++U+. +g+ql E¤ o.t*'/-i',9 H! ill+lAg 4l Eol t+dl+ +E= *"I4. t4S
ts+-g-E illg+ts, 7l* 4.+ zldel E9 4olz} 1 l-,gg 0l+6}zl. tLE too0cm3ol4. Hlqo-tr.+El
moJ 4l +ts¤ g"tul- Eel ^J+61-=rI? 9 kolzl h olr HlzlEol r t 79 "J+e-l +ul=
frI V-- r(rh2 - +ht)"14. olag 4l ? +"ll^l oJol-B
L2 4o14.)
1.5 4 1.5
33. -H-oJel E4q qE, gC+ 9eq1,t1 TlillE g.+g
q, sg Pe+ +!l Y= *4^1 PV: CE "J+^Iil
27. afln+ rJ"l zPJB duilolq B=e sm3/min9 H+
gE 6}46tr ?l=Ell, zlz) cftrl= fl41+ "JE9 zl 4. 9zl,<l C= C+ol+. q¤ +rJql 7l4lE Bulz}
600cm3oltr ffio1 150kPaol{, ffio1 20kpa/min
E4 tolzl ^je ae gg s"Jol+. cl"l9 tolzl
9 gllgg +7}t+r 6}zl. ol +rJql +q= q
e

mB 4, rlol9 tol* B"l4 $e-l fzlulu-z[!

¤ Halg* A^61=7t?
34. *7171(gg EzlE *-r. glzl=- ?+g-E^J) +¤ s+
g trll, "Jq Pel +irl l/el +41= *44 PV|a: C
e s¤9tr1. qzl,<i Ce {}+oJE+. qtr tzJpll *zl
E P{zI 400cm3ola, "J4"1 80kPaol4 10
kPa/min9 $epg A^6J4r. 6IzI. ol +tql
+q= "lE EEI-&-=. +7161+7t?
28. 4Eql^l 50m ?loll ?l= ¤ol 2mls9 +qse 35. 46}0l q4 Rt+ &{ + 46]7]|71f-84 zJ"l B
+BeE S4oll 9,14. 100m9 ¤ol ¤Hg 91, Ee gaqq flsE, tflzl +(o)ql d4l x]6} -B
+sc ^l"lE 4e q¤ HE+8-E fraalfzlr g E+Srl AEl.
=r+
,Jol7l 4 mel 5 moltr i1
1_ 1-]- 1
29. ,c.zlB"ll^J + Eq ^t"lel
zl"l 0.06 rad/s9Hq¤E #zlt!+. + H ql
q, :$4¤9 HolE "]tr trgg* ^I"19 R,+ Re,t o tl,.o ? rr,,ruat¤e 6
4o1 +7lt;l
"ls"J 7}61ts, ,Er:80OolI fz:10OO"J trll ,?E E
Y7l?
+ge 9ultlzt?
30. c.zl¤q^l + g91 zlolzl 12 mel 15 moltr r ^lolel
lol 2"lrnn9 Hal¤e 6ztaJ4. + E ^I"lE 4bl
60.oJ ull, **lzl t Hel zJ"lE ¤"I4 E.4
R2

=:zlal.
+71?
144 . Ill28 -EB+

so. Er7l9 ts+al r/E ¤+E H +rll aq q.J sBg tr.+q 3km Bqd *ql fl=Ell, r H¤71= 1+ql
q $+ B:0.007vv2/3oe LIE+u+. 4zl4 B* ql H Eld'JtrI. pe+q lkm Egtl 6il"Jql= ol
,I/el +gl= :*G)o14. E;,J"] z(cn09 g4g,rl $ $.¤zlzl ¤"1"4 ts4 Szlolbzl?
+4ql q|q! s$g w: o.tLlz'ss ol4. 1000trJ LJ F
.Jq¤ +E EzzlE B+ aolT| "Jc6J HaEql *
3s. "JAtJ 44 300km/h-e Br. ?l* ulflzlTl ^lr*
qloltrl Tlzl +lE 1km9 *olql^l 30'e-l 4-E"-e. tI
415cmql.rl 20cm-E tlElfl+H, 93 zlolzt 18cmg ql4. re ul4zlel ellol4 zlzl
q r +el q= qts EEI¤g zo7lilv-7!? +6Ir. +l"ll ^tolel
44= qts +qeE f;zlalizlz
37. gqluld ulullffi eA g^Hle+El 1200m gq{l zJg dql^l
40. + 6J
^]B-g E+
*ql ¤ilflEL eag ElEq All *21 flflrJE zioll otr^IBol Ar qe
4km/hel +qse=96[=E]1,
+E sqqE= 49 Aq6J H!+gE u}*ol"t d4. ^tBg ¤-E+-q
-tr 2km/h9+qstr- AEr+. 15+ ilq F ^tB
E, Ttoll+E adg "*+21?l"ll z}ql44 sA ^Iol9 rlol9 ael= ¤"tr* Eq H6L=7I?
44zl +7IBg -r.46||ot elq. sAg ¤zl-o + 1l+61-
.tr, e00m tf"il 9Ig trIE 44"1 200m/sa| rlz|. 41. +,!-dfzi HlzlEol tOOmoJ ?lB Eqg 7mls9
(a) : +A gqluld zlrtl4e| sA 4?-l= "JC6J +qss Er 9l+. ol C+E tlirzt
E.4
^Iole..l
9"I4 Eq E6I:7i? el +dql^J 200m gqd zldq
(b) BellHld 7}'ll4= txll+ EAql adg "*+r
^l 9l+. + rl+
200m9 "+1, +
^IH- ^l-ole.l 4q=
^l"lE 44zl
gl+ts, r +rJq ,rq+q gaJ+tr= 4e g 9"|-4 94 tsalEz|?
trI+ EEI HalEzl.?
42.
^l4lel
Eag smmolr ^lag 4mmol4. 1^l ar+il
38. zlg d9 EEllrl, zfz[ zlzl$ z]d tlloJE 714 P + El¤el E ,l?.1= B"I4 Efl H6le-7I?
^Iolel

2.8 dE +^lel olE

v
v= f(r) +ce da r dc4 "ll* zl44l +q9i¤-g "J"I*4. dxtl
s, trl+ 7l-bi'J=%Iq^J
B+q rqgql fl= qI Ag 6J4 +ql6IE, r4E+ A
(a' f(a))
Y: L(x) d dCn+ +eol B"J+= ^Idg +"J*+. (2.lael rB 4E E+.) ol
q
fl +e a4= il+el
=*ag *E zla4"J %IHg zil*++.
ExJlzI qb {'+e t}ia /(a)E drll Cg f llzl"J r +%}q^1ts /
el {tg C6}7171. qqe (dzlq Ez}¤{}) ?*o14. g+e olfl a+ql A
0 x
(", f(a))ql^l /E rqsql 4oJ dCol r4goJ CB(+, "JiI) Ql+ zql
.f.al 1

"J+6I= a.JE]l, zE dtg d4l d6J + ?14. (rH 1¤ E4.)

Ht+-l "J6IE, r7l a9 J%|91 9lg trlt, d (o, /(a))"lld9 dCol 4C
dB linear approximation
dt =,\i tangent Iine approximation a: fb)q ass ^J4dtr}. ol ddE %r-C4e +gq eE.|-.
=^IdB +^I $f linearization
dBA+, =d6.J
'f (") = LG)'E 'dE 6t o : 7@)+ |'Q)Q - a)
7l.E t!tr]. f.flcJl q7l^1=^t^l'olal
f et L? *+ relr E++g a9l^l /9 de E= dd oJtrI.
0loe, EEE tr16[7] +16ll 'd
7['Je_l =^l =^tz}
E
=^r4
+e1lq. E fG)= f(a)+ f'(a)(r- a)
q= e+qE "" l(.r) = nt.(r)'
el eol =,t.l
+eilq. r4FzI ol dd"J trI¤-+ ae cB i}+E aoll4 /9 daEf E= dE
=
150 r xll2gt EH+

(.)
(b) (a)"tlr.l qBeI <I"l H.f "lq$ ',1+
zt 30. g(")E 49 -g.e.alE}, s(2): -4olr sE roll
+71? r ol+= ¤8614.=7I? 4"ll g'(r): \m e|-L aPz1.

t, (") dB ol*6ll^i g(t.gr)4 s(z.os)9 tt

g =^l-=
qH6|4.
,
y =J1.t), (b) (a)Alrj qH{! <tol uJF o}qE q+ z+
=7t?
!zl? t ol+E ¤8614.
-1
0 I
i- I

,- E.-^
-tE
TllLl +?!

1. d (o, /(o)){ll *d y: f(r)ql 'il6J dC9 zl9 7. *+71 ule TF|.B + fl= {al z}zl H}Bg ¤B
7l= 6'14. r?lls_e ql^l6}+.
^JoE '}4'||4.
2. zldg ul4 8zl"l= EillE tq^JE flil7l 8. trI¤- tszlg Tlse+
"l+
rgs
^]17: ^l¤6I+.
/(r)+n 6}zt.
^14
r: aoll^l ol E4lE +rJ +E (a) 99 trlEH (b) t+EllE
"l+H
q q+ 49 ,{4. ol trEE /E :r-?]lsE "l*6ll^J (c) il9 trl+B (d) itE trlEB
q+4 6114g f ?lbz}? (e) *9 trleB (f) +9 r,lEB
3. trl+ 4f /'(a)E AE6l4. ol +E al4al-ts F zl (g) ¤41 Bz1
zl %lts$ E96I+.
e. 4¤. EL+q s.tl#E g6|u|.
4. y:/(r)oll rY rt*Q xrttlzl Hg q, +¤¤
(a) a-- r" (b) y:
sinr
4g-e '++.I4. (c) y: cos r (d) y: tanz
(a) *7J lrr, *rl flql^J roll *6J s9 B+ Hs+S
(e) y: cscz (f) y: secr
(b) r: zr"ll,rJ zotl *q! yA izJ H+g
(g) A: cotr
s. /el EB+E cE6l4. l@71 "Jztel +lil e
ol4l
gt++E trl+Hg zl+61+ %l$g ¤E6I+.
10.
+"J ql. ol4l EiI+E qB4 6ll46J f illzl?
11. (a) agl,$ /9 CB+q Eil.J r^-l+.
6. (a) /zi oollr.-l ul$ zJi.rlrli gE Fg P9,"JzI? ^.lg
(b) s:/(r)9 rll, plB dyoll 46J 4¤. ,{+.
^IolE +41= +t
(b) *+q trl+ 7l+cq ¤+^J
oJTl? (c) dx: AlcE uil, Aye+ dsel zlalQ4 9"lE 5!.

(c) a_- 2ql^l g+olzl"J "lE Ezl-bt} B+E r4 q+= rBg :1E+.
sE rE+.

.ltl r\
c=E ox E4l
E+¤- B4le-l ++ 41g SE6I4. &olts, r ol-ff¤ ¤B 2. f q gzl "lE 7l-b6IE, ffiol cBeE+.
614. zlll"lE, : ol+E ¤B6IaLl HlqlE Eq+.
1, f zl aoll,<l ¤4olE, /E aollr.J o1g 7lb6}trl. fitra* gGD:7'G)+ s'(x)
 2+A r 151

3. /+ e7| trl+ 7l-b-6t8, 49ol ^dflt4 , filr' + ,l: l2x + tl

fitrulnrr)): f'(x)g'(x) 8. f' (r)zl lim,-,,f(r;: 1(r) ol4.
=aX6'lE,
4. f + szi "lE 7l-b6IE, ffiol ^dB++.
9. g(r): r5olH, ffiol CBaJ4.

t r t nt")) i : /'( g(, s' G)

fi D \'Y#:'o
5. f 7Y ul$ zft:o[fl, ffio1 tB¤lE+. ,o #:(*)'
d f'G) 11. (- 2, a)ofl,q sEC a: n2
"il
qoJ ddE %I44g
d" 't76 2
'/TGT y - 4: 2r(x * Z)
"14.
6. ftl ul$ zfla|{, ffiol ^dBq}+. n. dr
5kur'r): *(ru"'r)
a,fi

LflJi):
O,Z
f'G)
z r/i

2+a EA e4l
1. B+ "f E r4s7} otq rB4 ag uil, +S +5g 4-6. trig {}+E rqsE +^}6}+. :1qI r EB+
zlg a+El i}fle Ltg6I4. el r-4s= = ulE gq rq4.
0, 1, f'e), /'(3), f'$), f"(5) 4. 5. 6.
v v
v

x x

I
z. "t4 rflg f , f' ,,f"el :14sE Eq=+. 4 +rd
0 I -r I AAIE qoJ6la, :z ol-,?E ¤86|e+.
v

2. +¤¤ trJ+^l7l= e+ /e+ f aE *"I4.

b

mg+s:y,(a) L

3. ¤ol8 rvo! olzlT r]l+g zJzl gloJ d4l Bl+g

C: f (r)olela alzi.
(a) sat++ I'G)4 Fe +t"J7l? olael t+lb B. rq^19 r(t)i 4 ¤Col Be olol
^14 ==tlE
*{.Jz}? f9 Bt"lE+. (t, ,¤z||9 +{$e 94614r. 7I
(b) E4l /'(to):12009 E¤ +1,"J7I? A+q.) 49 "t4l4zI tl?*g ++d-g r4sE
(c) f'(r)* d4l+ oJ+"Jzl? olqts +E7I HI+i=7I? 1e40LJ+El leeoHzlalE EF t+g sq+q.
 152 . r1l2g .Eg+

(a) F'(rgso), r'(rgos) , F'(t987)E {rg qg6}e}

21. y:tanr,/T-x 22. a: .trG+;A
(b) old ulB 4l+el *9 Fl"JzI?
(c) olfl
"Its 4lfzt +Eu
olf¤ ¤B6J f 9l*z|? 23. xya**'A:r*3y 24. Y: sec i+ "')
.y
25. y: ##rn 26. xzcosg * sin2y : :ry
3.5
E^JE
/-
il- -ci
rL
rl -6
3.O +^JE
27. s: (f
-r-')-' Y:tl\/M
28.
=-71
Hd 29. sin(rgr): r' - U 30. Y: t/;;G
2.5 y:
2.0
F\t)
Ed
=^JE 31. Y: cot(gr2 + S) 32.y:H*:
1.5 33. y: t/i "os
,/i 34. a:ry
35. E: tan2(sing) 36. rtany:y-l
38.y:ffi
t94o l95o 1960 l97o l98o l99o t

37. a: \M;
9. .E',(r)= xlzl t"ll B4(otqle-lz| $5,4 EsDql Ell{} 39. y:sirr(t.n ttrl7)
+e(+d 5.cDE zlzle]-r.6IzI. ot{ *.= 20008+ 40. 'Y: sitt,("o* rAirr,.." )
4 zootutrtyzl 6llel +rJql a lqi ol EL+el iltg .J
q++. E'(2002)E Ag qB6Ir, olE 6114614. a1. f(s): ,vr4t+L
"J trll, f"(2)= *"1-4.
t 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
42. g@):0sir.l "J tll, s"(lr16)E *"I4.
a(t) 0.955 0.847 0.986 1.149 1.218
43. x6 * yu :1.J q, g"g *olel.
aa. fG):r/(z-")oJ ofl, .f(")(r)E *"I4.
10-11. rffiE Ael= 0l+6ll^1 4d f'G)E *"I"+. 4s-46. +qd d"il^l +g +dql Eilt ddE %14^l
10. /(") :
.
l-,
fi. f (r): 13 +5r*4 I *o14.
# (nla, t)
45. A:4sin2r,
12. (a) f(d-- ,/3-s" "J ql E'*+q CE¤ ol+El .-2-1

^J /'(r)E
*oI4. 46. s:+,
r f L
(0, - t)
(b) /e| /'e-l CEqg *ot{.

ffi (c) /el /'el r4sE ae alEq rq+. + r4 47-48. +otrl Aoil^J r+g +dql q{} dCr+ Bde.l
u5, ulr.all^J (a)9 B"l zl¤{}¤. q"J6}4. %IC^lg *o].4.
47. v: 1+ 4i'ln, , (0, 1)
13-40. s'E *"14. 48, 12 * 4ry * 92 : 13, (2, t)
g: 11
13. (rz + rs)A 14. v: ,/r ffi 49. +d g: sinr * cos c (0 < x < 2n)d ?l= d +
Vr'
r*2 ql^J r
eql^JE ddol +Bd.J ag +otE.
15. a: 12 - /-
vJ:
16. tr: L- ftarrr
cos, 50. 4g *2+2y2:1ql 9.lE d +ql^l r dql^-lE
17. A : 12 sin rr 18. s: T +
1 dCE z\$zlzl 1?l Ag *op4.
T
2
51. h(r): f (r)sb) ola.F(r) : IGG))oJQ, /(2): 3,
g(2):5, S'Q):4, l'(2)- -2, /'(S):11o14
g:
19.
# 20. a: sin(cosz)
r. 6|zI. (a) h'(2)e+ (b) r'(2)E +oI"+.
 2+e ' 153

52. F EI+ /el eE rqrT} oI4 :zH4 Ag q, 6s. "J^I7l Szld4d gE6In. glErll, tl4 tql^lE
e(r): f (r)g("), QG): lG)/ g(r), C(x): ;IE! y: ts - tZt+B (f > 0)ol+.
f (g(r))+ 6}zf. G) P'(z), (b) Q'O), G) c'(2) (a) 4E B+e+ 7l-+E f,-+E *"14.
*ot4. (b) oJzl= t4l +l+se -gzlolr, tzil ole|le. S
=
zlolbzl?
s/ I (c) rlt +7J o < t < 3ql^J oJztTI gzl"J
aEE
t1 *oi4.
t\ I 66. qE t#g c+gl ^Jt6t= Hl+(Bel)e +94
I
1 ?Jc+.

0 I
C (a) :920 + 2r - O.o2c2 + 0.0000713
(a) t{ Bl+ ei+¤- *.I+.
s3-6O . I'e g'9 {ss *oI4. (b) C'(loo)g +r, r EulE ¤E6I+.
53. /(z) : *2s(r) 54. fb): s(*') (c) C'(roo)¤ rordz{l +E¤ ^J&s}= El+r+ Hl
55. lQ): {g(r)}' 56. /(r) -- r's(rb) .il614.
57. f("):g(g(r)) 58. /("):sin(g(c)) 67. c+849 Polz} 10cm3/min9 He;gg ?zlt
59. /("): e(sinr) 60. /(r): s(t^fi) tr}. s^le.lel ,Jol7t 3OcmoJ ull, ¤'J"lE E"I{
Eq +z16l+71?
61-62. h'Z f'* s' 9 ^lgg +4.114 68. gg ll"Je] +olaol ilicll, k-oli t0cmolr (fl
61. h(u) :ffi BE) HlzlEg s cmol4. dq +g 2cm3ls9 H
q¤-E +"lB.qts, EE aolT| 5 cmB q +Eg
62. h(z): /(g(sin4z))
9"I4 E?.1 ^J+61-=zl?
63. /9 :f4-Ezi oI4 rB+ $q. l7l ulB Ezl-b,t 6s. +dol 2mlsg 'JC.t +qsE g4zll 91trI. +
+¤ 96lr, r ol+E ¤86|+. 4LJol +a zlC Es= trl4 sm/s9 4
v
qse ^Ida= B4r ?14. :rzt
ot?.llE +cql, 4+a
+dg rts-El 1sm 9lollr AE4
9lE+. Ba H.il
+C ^IolE ,lel= 9"I* Eal +716157I?
70. +4; ^zl lJizl oI4 rHr+ ag a^IsE 10m/s
-l 2 6x E +qsE. Lz\z 4n 'J=+. a^IEE qts q,
r Cf ts ¤"t4 E?-l d''+6IEzI?

64. "JE9 tlzlEol rol-r. k"lzI h"J 4ggq +El=

V: rrzh/zol4.
(a) Hlxl$ol "JCB rll, tol"il +tI +ulel Hq¤
g *oI+. 71. Ell"Jg gqE= z-tol o.Zs rad/hg H$lg-g ¤olE=tr
(b) tolT} .J4B 41, rlzlE9l *+ +ulel H+g n/69 rll, Eolzl aoort"J
il4. Ell"J¤ ¤-EE 4"1
g +"I+. a$ol EEg rflzl+ 9"I4 Ezl +z}6l+zp
 ~
154 r 11128 E^d+
ㅁ
어
ffirr. (a) 3g
=%r."il^l
*ot4.
fb): ,t/r;v el dq =^F=
(b) /eI ol9 C¤Eiq r4sE :-44.
t6-18. 4g +tlg s.Bfe LtEl.lla, Atg 4ole}.
^17
76. limj* -t
z-l I- L
n lim
/r.-0
Vro+n-z
h,

(c) 19
"t¤ 1}4 qq dB =^l+ 9-i} 0.1e1 H rim 9:*1
78 o-r/J

?
,

여때
U-7t/6
qql^l cq.{lzt?
밝
a
세네 "
s 염

(a) a : 0 glrl /(r) : \/ t + 3r el dBEIE *ot4.

73.
olE 0l+6ll^l
.,fr+t", - 1*sinr
4*61+ CB 79. lim e-l Ag *"t4.
q+ =^l¤ "J6lr, r.0 ,3
iAo5q *oI4.
=t<ig
(b) (a)9 CBstz[ e-i] 0.19 Hgl"llrJ C$t! r9
ffi go. EgoJ 4 rz/s + y'/t : a'2/3dtl 4E! dd"l 4ls+
<rg 444+. Eql E6ll e{ ++9 z)olzl "JCt}g Hq4.
74. y : 13 - 2x2 + 1 ol;t r : 2ol4 dr :0.2oJ
"1t,
dy 4 Ok& *oI4.

g
75. c^I4B +l"I Hl+l¤. gq+e EoJ'el +e-lalol 9l
tr}. +?-l+el "JHg al4 +4 e-i} 0.1cm9 H9l
ql^l 60 cm-e- ;f{flr}. ulE¤ ol+6ll^i, +?-l+E
HolE Cg q LlElg + 9l= 31'I erl¤ qB6I+.
 3.2 qg+e+ tr-L r 161

Wrr.+ trt+ f (r): *'u+ uG): e'4 r4lsE gel zll 27. lim e3/(2-r\ Zg. 1i^
z-2' z-2- "t/(z-x)
E +e 4^I4¤ql qI4 rei^i, ^Je Hli6lat tzil g
9 :z4oz} /E rzflEE olxluJo e +96]-=71? 29. ao
J111("-".o.,) ,]tf,,*"'"o'
ffirr.rqsg ol+6tl^l ++¤ "J+^l zly rE ag q EE., ++ {}+E r4sE rEE f 7l * i}+s E"J+.
H614. ol +B6l+.
^ldg
e'> 1000000000
l-
f(r): I + "''/''
erl"
23-30. +g +6Jg *oI4. 0oll rl|6il +g B+E r4g= :1q?+.
ffir, ED7tzll9 a > r4s* olBrll az| sals
,a 24. hme- *' H6lE H6lts7}?
J{T(t.oor)' rqsE qBril E6}E7I?
3r
- "--3:r= 2 + lo'
25. fi*
,+a
"r=
err +e-oz
26. l'm
o+@ 3- 10' IG): --l-----
I + aeb'

G qEf+el _e.r

_tr 1g ¤grEol alloJ¤ tsll"J7lq il*q 100 trlalel EEll4ol-E B"l uH"J
o} ¤tl aq¤ +4U xlgol+. EtEllflol9 ,ll4l f 6'J 7l+fl tol
= ^lzJtrItrI q*+ inverse function
+. EEll 4ol9 + nig \2f, te.l t++o14. E, rv:/(r)o14. gEI .J *+ one-to-one function
rfltrJl sgElzITI +cg EI+ol 4 ffie1 ,l]ill +.ll EE6l^= rll $eaJ
oJr dtrlr 6lzl. El+l .J6IH, E}fe d4l olz}.
^ltg 'E ^/el '/el^846Ir .J=q. r
ol *+=. /el qEr+d+ 6t-a, 7ls. q+}#e+
"f-,-e ++.xq
Bls-e. t =f- '(ry)$ :lfl41 +71lloll Eg6lE rll dfl
^ltol+. l-'E 4k
e s. 19 s=+ql^J g+eE gla+ s 2E tsaa1,q *g + 9lr+. qlE
/(6): 550olI1e, /- 1(SSO): 6 ol4.
=8, 4o
E 1. 1\/g t9 I++ s2.,=ffEt}+ I
tt .l
1y: yQ): t: f- t(r1l):(Eqalotel
t N + 2c
(^la) (Al4 roll,r,lel Tllxll +) ffq -EB6t-s lrJ)
le
I \
o),
0 100 100 0
1 168 168 1 A
I B
2 259 259 ,
3 358 358 3
4 445 445 4 4o
5 509 509 5 3.r
6 550 550 6 2t
7 573 573 t
1o
8 586 586 8
s
A i.._
B

EE E++E EB+7I+46I= ag otq+. -uB 1ql ffis. sBos L+ rB 1 /E 949"14 sE ol-u14.

162 . 11138 qS+

4U + tI+ /e+ e= Hljlorz}. /= +ae fig + H +16l^l ?*b4. fa

. oJq$ eqol+ -Eeg 0l+618,
E ^1tr triE F "Jqql ql+ ^ie
El-=.tr}.) HlHq sb 5rJ9 a¤-
cg t+3_ 4 6qol E 6.J THel "Jqql
.il+B qt /zf "J4"J"l4r "JtI4. + { +{E.J4. "Jq
(+ 24 =qe
s"ll EiI6J lr+ 4tr, +eq.) zlE_tr 44
4E g(z): e(3) '':::
=qg
rz oJ Qrtrl4 r(*,)*y(r,)or4.

/e+ Ae olfl Cdol llE el+E gEHg B+4r'Jq.

ttr ¤E *+ f7l +ae fig + H +l6tzl ?*g q, + rl80l cBB
t" trI /= gEllg -Bt+4 tlEl.
r1* u2'J oll"I4 f ("r)* 1(rr)o14.
v: f(x)
+qlcol /E r4se+ + d ol^Jql^l EIts *lt, t H zE_Fel F f ",4
"f(r,) .f(-rz)
ozTI 346llrl /(r,): f(rr)rt CBEI$'J + 9ltrL l4o-=. el+E "Jql

"J q+E AAB + 9l= trt+$ zJP zlulal4

0 .rl x2 ,t
oJ$ol 91trI.

aHz /("r):,f(rr)ol',e, ol {}+= +Bd trJtrE r}fz} "Jq"J"l7l +l.J g]I +E aag "lrlq} +SC
oJq"Jol
"Iul4. E B+E r4se+ + d old'ql^l "J'+xl g:= 4,o14.
v
y: x, Cm E# /(r): r33 gEHgoJTl?
EIE x:t * r2"J tr||, ,l * "lolQ. (.t1tr += + i9 rll4l$ol r.'l-e. 'zJ¤
+ fl4.) tr14^l CE trql gull /(r): r'9 94"Jo14.
x

EUll:eJ goll.tl olule! fBC=. fb): r3E :4ue+ + H ol,^.3. ".t+zl

?J:=trI. tr|4^J +¤d SdBql E6ll /= I'H"Jol4. I
fg 3 I(*):r3g "3c11"3o14

a :d* s(r) : 12 ? gEtlg?l7l?

v
y:x2 EUD ol B+= "JEll"Jol "tqq. q+6l$ g(r):1:g(- 1)o1ss ,*
-1q EH-J ¤qol ,Jzl ullEol4.
ESrr :B agl,r.l "J + glF"l, s9 r4se+ + H "J+: f¤dol ll4.
rl44 +¤C S4Bq 94 gb "J4oJol oLqq. I
0 r

fal 4 sG):r2g "3qoJol olrl4

gqlg i}+: SsoJr]l, qA eEq el6ll olfl EI+ql 9ilfzt ¤416|71
uliE"l4.
trl Eg /= A99ol .4olr ilqol B.J "Jql.J EL++ 6t^I. -r-BlE
A
.{
olel qi++ /-'* cqqol zrolr. zlgol .4olq, Bel "JEel y.ll 4
t 6il trtg4 zJol c9¤4.
B
0 )
f-l
I-'(a):, (+ 7Q): a

-el
JEJ
E
"l eEql 44, fzl *2y+s.{ts, /-'ts az re_ tru+. (rz| .J4
 3.2 e1g+e+ +r r 1$$

oJol olqB, /-'zI *oJo|rll CEq4 ?*=+.) rH 5E q¤s. sBg

f-'zl /9 aqg qEq += ,t+g trq=+. r+¤-g +"J6IZL.
/-'el Ae-lq=/q ilq
/-'el rl 9 =/9 CEq
ql= EB, ,f("): ,'el q+f b I-'b)- rt/3 {rll, y: z3olg 4sol
CB6I7I 4l$"l4.
f-'(y): 7-'(r') : (f)1/3 : r {( ) q o)4
+el ,f-'oll ?l= - 1g xl+a[2 96ll6lxl "Jxf. :aios
/-'(,)P fi= =6trt ?Jtstrt.
Itu)lt qr
r+xl"J 4i t/fb)g {/(")}-t oE ¤ + ?14. A B

*0lal.
Eill r-'E caql el6il +gg eE+. f
/(3): zolEg l- t0): 3ol-tr, A B
/(t): 5olt:s /-'(S): 1olg,
/(S): - 10 olsE /- ,(- 10) : gol61.
rB 6.e.1 s-Be ol a+ql f-'zl /el arlE qEE +: tl+g E+6t
,il trq=q. r
l-l
EzI z= dF4eE +B H+E ^|+qos, f 4 olqq /-'ql +/Jg
fal 6 q*++ gq4 ¤qg HLEE+
E trI= E^J CE trqlrl ,el s9 qBg HI+q q¤.4 ,J"l *4. -
E y-t@):y ¤+ f(s):r
Eol
3tzl %I4^l cancellation equation
aE Eql^] s4l lb)E 4oJ6Ir trql^l u 9l /(y)E 4oJ6ll^1, +g!+
ztg Lzl'Jg^lg gb+.
/q +{} EE zql q"fl f-'(f(*)):2ol-Ir.,
E
Bql ++ EE cql qq /(/-'(")): zol4.

a4 ,Ja4e r{,! ¤g6ll^J /E 4+t} +gq /-'E 4+6|.8,

^a =
BiL'J zE sl$ol-Ag'JE=4. (rB 7E TlAl E¤g E4.) rel,,s /
,tEI 4.9/-':.tl+sEqE4 +=tri. Erql r}44e/-'7lxJAg f
164 r rll3g EE+

zi fl{ro-e qEq +E ^}+g sq+q

x ,,,, {ftill*,
ral z

qlE Eq fb):e3olH /-,(r): *t/3olog, Arl BIC49 trIgr+ Aol

9+.
/-'(/(r)) :(ar)'/s:r,
/(/-'(r)) :(7t/3)3 - r
olfl HJ{^-lEe
^llall+ *+e+ ^ll4lffi *fzt 1trI4 zl*g rll 4e= +
,lilg ,JEo'lzlL tsqeq.
ofxff $ffiE c6|b %IHg "J91ts71. tlf s :
f(r) 7l +ol^la ol ,J44g
y9 al"e ¤ + ?Istr, AE EFll el6li t: I '(y)E E=+. +B
"gl 4c|l
H¤ rtr 444l de.$, ** yZ HI+ol %LC^l a: f- 1(r)oll Egtltr|.
tr grHg Er+ /q qE+E *ts gE
E4l 1 o: f G)tr +tr}.
14 2 ol *C^lg (z}*a|-$ ,oll 4dl yel ^lo-e ++.
E4l 3 r* az Ht+q, /-'E "9 c'fe Ea{}E+.
ol ar+=l ¤g %IC^l? a:/-'(")o14.

EW f G): rt +29 qB+E aolal.

EO trq q4^J Hzl 4*4 zJol lrx|.
rEzl aql^] I-'zl I4 A4g- qsq y: ,'+2
"JHg +oJsI^[. i++ /= "^]l^ll ofzlJ rfe_g ,Jol olE z"ll 4dl Ezt.
=
E-.J +gql 2= trl++."= +^lol *_3_,
-a-2,
+. / '= "zE { EFgq
^Jl^ll*+ r:W4
g Afl,:}."= rTzlol4.
ulzluJog trl¤.4 Bol cel yE Hl-*4.
g:'\F
"l4r.l
q4l+= /- '(o) : i/r - z olrJ.

Ei++E *zl gloll ,* yZ HI+= gfl} E+ /E r4E-e.+Ei /-'e-l

/-'(b):aolEe, d 4:_4g.ll ilzl ?iq} Bs e+ 4ag d

(o, o)zl f
(b, o)71 f-'9 :4.s.ll il= aolE|. :IflEll d (b, a)ts 4 G, b)E zlc
y:roll rl6il Eila olF6ll^J Eg + glE+. (rB 89 84.)
 3.2 "JS+e+ er t 165

v v
(b, a\

f-l
la, bl
0
x x

Y:x y=x f

-rel o
f=J a JEV

tr|4^j f.Bqrlt 4e 48"1 cBdJtrI

eql

/-'E r4s= /9 r4EE zld y: rql4d 4a "lE6ll^J E=tr}.

EE E* /(z): {-L-t e} olE qB+el l4E=,JP $s. BEoll

eJd ralal.
EO Erl y: ,,f-t-r E r4s5 r4x;. (sgd a2: -r-r E"E
r: -y2 -rE +l+ tiol4.) rqr "lE zld y:r4l4all 4X "lE
:r-rll.g.E r4zl. (rB 10¤: tr+.) ol :e1lug- AEt;lzl
^14 f 'el
eld^J, /-'ql 46J ^lol !-,(x): -12 - 1 (, > o)"Jg g-oJ6IzI. r
elstr. /-'E r4s* .gEd a- - r'- rel sE+ HIJEil, -f3 10
oll-r.l ol1lol qdt}rll E?l+.
v
v: f\xl
y=x

0
(-1, o) x
(0, -l)

y = f-'(*l

LaJ 10 tr

qE}+el E+8zt trlE 7l=d

olrll fl*fe] S+Cq sl$ zl-bdg o3o}ttx|. t|+ /7I 'J{'Joll. ¤
*ol4 zlC6l^1. ¤+ E}+= :.4ggl +Bol fl= il++r. ^84oJ4. (-r.
?.llsb f,: a4ol+.) /-'el :a4s* /E r4sE zlC s: roll 44 4a
0ltl6ll^-l go o-8, /-'el .r.4yql-E +Bg fl4. t:B eE tr4.) rels
e I- '= 94 i++4r qltl¤4.
166 r 11138 elg+

olfl zlal-gtzi EBol E+¤' a?-lE +B6Izl= *6Ixl"J, 4qE XqE +

c4ee EI=4. 6Be ++ Dql^l *ol-E + 9l+.
E tral f 7l +7Jql^l4Eg "J40J ¤+ C+olg qe+.f-'s. fl4014.
ol4l f 7l .Jqg t$++r 7iC6IzI. zlalEi{ og
"Its 7l-b'tl "l+ 7i+
t tI+= r4sql !u+dol+ Jr.ol go}ol fl= il+e ^J4e. + fltr}.
v /-'9 rflsE /el r4s= zlC ,y:rql qq Efla ol5Bll^l ?o oE,
y=x
/-'e-l -r.4sqlE !E+dol+ ][oJ -E-olol s4. .]"il tr|+ /-'q (dcol
¤zlcel +g zlle.l6l$ "lE z}*,ol4.r qlti${. ^ld, +q{ eq^l
Ly (a. b) /-'E Etl+E <t.g zlolul4 EBq uI+ qltlg + 9ttr1. rH 1lql t]l+
(b.
Av
/4 : EtI+ /-'el r-qlsE ElAl +ElH4. f(al: aolB, /-'(,):6o1
L,y -L (/- ')'(")= d (a, b)oll^J /- 'el rqsql qoJ dCE zl&zls
x AylAr oltrI. {C y:rql qqt r-||X "lEr}H,
"a}s9-a+*71H}fl+.
:r,elg-e. l(b, o)ql^J /el rflsql q+ dd?]] 4d olEE 4tt tg zl
leJ tt gzlE ArlAy olr+. lqoE zel 7lg7lts (9 7l&7lel E+oltr|. +,
+gr+ aq.
(/-'),(r) :*:Ufu:i6
E g4 /= trl+ 7ll.o6J "Jq"J 6J+s qEL+= f- rolit_
f- L(a) *0f',
ole| ;iz|. re]E ql+I+ /-'E aoll^l ol$ zfi,alT q¤-ol dB{!+
(/-')'(r): 1

f' f- '(")
5E 2.1ee.l ^l trql qE r+gr+ eol EiI+9 49E az}.
(/- ,),(o) : i^!_:\s)_f::(")

/(b): aolE, f-t("): bol4. r4r y: J- '(")el atE /(y): rol4.

.J7l "J4"J glfolsE,r*a = /zI "lE zft.olF-tr., olE ¤4"1-z olql qn| A?l E.ll el6il /-,se ¤
fQ)*/(b)"Jq ++6tzl. 4o14. fel=-E r-aoJ 4/ ,(")-"f-1(a) .*y---bol4. tr}4^l
+gg E=trt.
(/-')'(r): lim r"- --
'(r) - f''(") : lim
y-b
z-o t-Q, v-'b i6- ia;
: 1 I
lim
y,b @:
y-b lim fQ)-
'! ,lt
f(a)
y-b
1 1
n
 3.2 qg+sl .tr.L r 167

da 1. 4q Eel +^lql^i "E "JH!4"J f "s HI+E, q-gg g=q

1
IE (
f- )' (r ) 7G-\"j
I

y: f- '(r)s lE /(y)- solE-E, 4o1uul=9 zlg.'e- *'d6tE

E+ +gr+ ?ol ¤4.
^l
t?sl JU = [2c
dg:7
dr dx
da

dtz. ole 7l-bi+g gn 9lqE, gB+E "l+Bg 0l+6ll

"lul /-'zI
olel E'*+= cel nE +Bql^lB4 q fl41 cg + ?l+.
^.1
a:f- '(r)ol{ fQ):rol4. %IA^l fQ):rt uzl r9 trlf'Jg
rlzlo1-{,<J gE}+el
"lEBg
ol+4{ r9l Sdl ul$6}-a ¤41 Hzl
I "l$al$, E+ge e=+.
f tu)ff: t

I[l-"+^l 4*ol tB6J+.

ds_ I 1

dn i@ E
da

E fG):2r*cosrg trt|, (/-')'(r)= *olat.

EUI B+ /7I oJ'll"Jolr trlE 7l-tstlg +oJ6IzI. (olE :1419:.fl tz"ll
4+B+.) C4 Eg ol$alzJ +16ll^l= /-'(t)g go}"t stEE{, ++4
Ae- 6^IE r fig ,*e + il+.
/(0): t =+ ,f- 1(1): o
trt+^J trl-gg g=4.
(/-')'(t): 1 I
f' /-'(t) /'(o) 2-sinO 2

10

5
x

.l.al 12

슈
168 r rll38 elg+

e.r El+
tol a a* t! on zlf
> Ooltr tlf /(r):a"9 *7lt;lALl z;ea1t:g, *
gr +i+
"Jql"Jol+. ol"il tr|+ qil+.f-'ol e46I
losarithmic functions
¤d scBq E4 0l $fg
Erjl, olE Eol o?.! ef Et++ olL zlE rogoE +4Uq. Eq +qd q
t}+el *^le 4gq a+.
f-'(*):y e f(y):t
:a4o-=. E+gg EbEl.

g logor: y <+ ae : r

r ) 0olE los.rb rE tszl glrll +lcllot E

-Le.ls-e.
"9 zlfol4. 4lE
EH, logro0.001 : - 3"JEll, l0-3:0.001o121 ull$"l4.
l %IA^l trE Rf /(r) : a'4 !''(r): logozql 4+6IE trIg4 A
ol^4
v -r
¤+.
EE re Roll 4"tl log"(a'):56o1I.,
EU
v :a', a)l
EE r > 0q q6il otno" : rol4.
0 -r
sr EL+ los,,b Celqol (0, oo)olI rl9"l R"J ¤+EI+"Jql, g+
x, a) 6J+t zl+ Et+e-l 9tlfolzl Ql$ol4. olaE rqs=
): log, I
!: ol el r4s
ral 13 E 4C u:roll cll6ll qla olti6.J 1".|4.
-zB 13¤ a ) l ol A+= trq=+. (z|^J sr t++E trJg o > r
olE+.) .!): &r 7l r > 0
=:s-t
v "J trll ,114- uule|l +z}6i= tl+4= ^l-.gg s: togur
v: log2
7l r> 19 trll
'll+ !4zll 6zlaJ4E Hlgqq ?i4.
): loSr x :.8 14E ¤4 zizl oJ a> lql EilqI^Idql y:los,,rE r4sE Jrq++.
log,,1:0olEg, E-= E:z EI+E r4g= d (r, o)9 zlt4.
0
y: log, x
,t sr tI+E +g C¤3 s.leql 4l^lt olql q*6].* zl+ t++E Ce
Y: logr,, x E+El +EBtrI.
er Hzsl r* yzl "JiolQ, u|$ol CB+{
1. log,,(ry) : log,r * logog
r.B 14

, ,.*,(?): Iogor - loso y

3. log,(2"): rlogoc (t, r3 d#)

EEn er E4E ol86t|,\l log280- loszbg zJg *ol'at

 3.2 e{El+e} er r 1$$

EO za : 160lo e, s:l B4 2E ol+6'}ts trF3¤ EE+

log2 8o - log2 5 : ,"*r(+) : losz 16 : 4

3.14q
qq ?f+. ^ll^l6J 'l+ il+E ++e +gr+ aol Er fl:+E +'Jql Hlg
(rg 13+ ulnalz|.)
m a.) r"J 4, 4*ol CBt+.
log,z: @, lim logoz: - oo
,lim c -0*

561. y+g *C y: logozE g{ B*dol+

E lim log,o(t un'r)E ,J= Stolat.

EO, ---OoJ 4l ,: tan2r ---tan26:Qol-L tel {t.$ t}+tJg gr 9l+.

f"ls-e. mql E6ll a:10 > 1oJ tril, +gg gE+.
lim log,r(t un'r): Iim log,ot : - oo I
c ,0 t-0+

rlE!
=.:.
E:19 E.E "J a +q^i 7l+ sq.J "Jol ,4= ^ld¤. q¤- aql^J .J . E:l gTla
ol-B 4.o14. e= 8.1¤ql^J Ce-lrR+. Eol e:.9 xlg erzl 6tEcll, trlE 4+e++ I+u+ E+^-l q++
""J 9 4l.tlzl.llr.]= zlt -tr.f.E 7le
+94 ,Jol SEql zlg..tr +4U4. lnrE, ^J+ .E.:a logror$ zfi
IoszE LiE}u+. :r.$zlo3 q aB
logrr: lnr +C$ +E}l+ $tl Ef, q A+El
tqql^JE Ft zlE logcE zl¤
a:eg +I. EeI Eql,q los,E lnoE Hl^+H, z}fl E-u$ Ael6l-= EfE +4U4.
Cee E+Ar+ Aol 84. tol
z|fl Ef natural logarithm
tr ln7,:y ¤ e!:r

Eg z¤ Rql Efl6ll fr(e'):xeol-tr,

E3
EEr>0qq6il ern':col4.
+61, r: lE +sB, E+Ag E=+
lne:1

EZtr lnz:5= El+^l7lE 19 'J= lotal.

Em Eq 96il +gg "J + 91tr1.
170 r 11133 e1g+

lnr: bts e5: rE EtlE+.

"|4,<J
,: 15ol4.
(7lE lng o'l$alzlz| E¤5i8, olE los"e Hl+E ¤q. r4H 9l
el "JA4g los".x:571 qJ., -e.rel 4qq elql e5: rE ¤=tr}.)
EUE +-3 %r"a^lql^l +g6tzl.
lnz:5
"JHql zl+ E+E zl+6IE +gg e=+.
ln r:
e e

lflEll [3E E4l Arl ']c^]e. "'"':rol4. tr]4^J r:"tol4. I

trEIm gE l
"5-3c:log =olat.
EO ol %IC^le] oJHql z|g er t1¤ f6}r, trg "lgalH Els_r+ eEl.
ln(es-3'): ln1o,
5-3r:In10,
3r:5-Iu10,
1
z:5(s-1n10)
zl¤ erE+I.EI+ 4l&zle *g + 914. "l rll= A+ uJlall zlalzlzl
+98 r=0.89910]4. I

fqFlm ln,-F Ir"r,= E 6[LIel e:E EE6tal.

Eill + Er Bzl sn+ 19. ol+6tg trl¤¤ E=trI.
lna* |f,, 4 : lno + lnbl/2 : lna* ln 1/6 : ln(o J b)

+g a4= Eol "Jel.J erE zlg e:1= olgoll.r.l *.¤ts + flgg

+*qI+.
tr gE HA B^.1 "J9el olf a(a* t)q qq 4*ol CB.JE|
,togot : lnz
l, o

$E y:log,r4 fElE trql g;lt au:xol+. ol 49 "JH.U zI¤

6}zl-.
sr$ +16|8, ylna: lnrE EEtrI. f4o-a 4*"1 CB.J+.
Inr
Y: rru tr

*++ Al.Jz\"llE zI¤ sr C Tlbol ?loos, *4 EE "l+61-H (+

I Ezlz| -H-qfFof) zll{lzle Eol "Jelql srE dB + 91tr1. u}t}z}zl
 3.2 elB+e+ .trL r 171

s, +^l EE "l$o}tr "JEE sr il+E rqgE r4s 4l&zl4 d#

qql^J :B f 9l+. (qE gzll ssel 56¤- -H_4.)

trA@ logsse.l ,JE 4+ qIfi rlalrt^l 8q"-tfll *olal.

Elill +zl Eql Etil tr++¤ E=+.
logs5:-l*= o'773s76

zl+ ++ y: eE n+ :a qB+'J zI¤ Er {}+sl rellsE rB 15ql +

4H+. 4C y:e',ol a+& 7lg7l Le, zlulzl E{+.il, 4d "lE+ *d
s: tnr i zffi 7lg7l Le. zlrlzJrl.
"J"l ltr+ = += E= Er t}+e+ u|{zizl-e, x}S Er ++= )
(0, o") ql^l cel¤ 67161= ¤4 tlfolq y+ol ¤zl e=doltrI. Y=e"
y=x
Eq a: eZ q"J6IE, +g +.Jg E:r+.
tlrl limlnr:@, lim* lno: - "o
t+@ z-0 Y: ln -t

x.

tr t Elf y : ln(c - 2) - 1 e.l r4sE rElat.

EO :zB 15q +Elu y:lu',r9 -z4Eql^l +g+4. r.zge1 H+g ol+ f.al 15
6}ql, olE sE+o tr z t+l ¤4 olF^I4 a: ln(r-2)el fqs=
81, olE oI4E 1++l B{ "lFrlA y:lr(r-z)-rE r4sE
B=4. (rH 169 E+.) 4*"1 CB6}-E--8, 44
":28
gzl e+
dol4.
lim {tn(r
t'2'
-2)- 1}: - oo I

v v v
t=2
x 2

Y:lnx y: y=ln(x-21 -l
ln(-r - 2)

(1,0) x 0 2 (3,0) x 0 2 x

(3, -l)

feJ 16
172 r xil3Ar qA+

rc qu E4l
1. (a) 949 B+* *9."Jzl-? 16. /(r) : x5 + x3 + n oJ q, /-'(e)4 l(f -' (s))B
(b) "Jrll"J iI+E :z4gE qBrll +g + 9ltszt? *"t4.
2. (a) /ts 49qol /oln ilqol .BEl
"Jql"J E.+e 17. sG): 3 -f r * e"J q, g-'(a)E *"I4
-l. 6tx1. q++ /-'= qB4 Ae1q+7y? /- I
E 4 E qe +t'J 7l? f- ' el zl99 *t"JzI? 18. /e.l r4s= ot4 rB4 aq.
(b) /ql 4t rlol +qzlts, /-'ql qq} 4e qB (a) f zl .J'il"Jql ol+E?
Al *Ezl? (b) /-'E 4Eqn+ ilqg *9.qlz}?
(c) /9l4rtr7} ?qxlE, /-'E r4sE "1S41
(c) /-'(z)9 <t3 *9."Jzl?
t4Ezl? (d) /-'(o)9 Ag qB614.
I
3-14. El+ B+E +S, rqr, ¤L^1, dB Eoe c
elfltrl. "JEllg i++"Jzl SC6l+.
1

3.
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 I .I

1.5 2.0 3.6 5.3 2.8 2.0

4.
TI 1 2 3 4 5 6
1s. F>_4se.6z"J qt, +4 c: *(r-sz)= drl
/(") | 1 2 4 8 16 32
gE. c= +4 eE rE Et+s -E¤tI+. qi++
5 6 E {g *r, :24.9 sll46}+. q++el Celqe
v v *9..Jzt?
20. ^JEllC olE"ll^l lvtl u"J gz}9 e*g +q-r+ rJr+
Truo
-r
m: f(r)
l-u2fc2
7 8. qzl,<j rno¤ tzl tlEIq ?i= Ezlel APd"olr. c
v v
: 4+ ^JEll"ll^l Hel +Eol{. /el q*+E *r
x
:z 9"lE ¤E5lE.
-r

21-26. +g s+q qB+q q+ ^lg ,.I"I"+

21. f (r) : 1 + + 3, 22. IG): !'-
l
9. /(r) : *2 - 2, 10. /("): 10 - 3z 'E 'o'-
11. gG): r/r 12. gG): cos u zg. f (r) : -r )n ,r";J '
13. /(')= 4zl tl+ ri Fl ff se-l $ol y:
"2t
* 3)
14. /(t)= t¤"J rll 49 zl 25. ln(r 26. Y: -l*2e"
l"
ls. /= gq"J i++4r 7lC6l^I.
ffin-ze. /-'ql qq{izlC
oJ{l+ rl9 *r, olfi olf-fl,tJ /-'
(a) /(6): 17olH, /-'(tz)3 *9."Jzl'? e+/9 rzllg a: rZ Ag +tsql rq+. a4
(b) /-,(s): 2olE, /(2)e *g.tzl? E da47l +l-ll^J, f e+ f- 'E :4g=ol zlc s: r
 3.2 el$+el "E-L r 173

ql rl6ll qaoJzl q"J6t4. (a) a> 1oJ q Bf s:logor9 :499 'JHI4

27. J@): *n +7 (r > 0) 28. fG):2-e" "J EEIE rqq.
29-30. +ot4! /el r4sE 0l+6l^l /-'E r4sE 42. 6) zt¤ e:rE +9,oJ7I?
rE4. (b) ** ErE *fi,'Jz}?
29. 30. (c) ztE er t}+e+ aI¤ zl+ B+q r4sE A
v e 3|s BEq rq+.
I 43-46. +¤. edrg (4l.tlzl s.ol) *"t4.
I
^lel
0 I .x
0 x a3. (a) logs 125 (u) loss (# )

44. (a) loga2 (b) lnef

31-34. (a) fgq"Jgg Eq+.

zY 45. (a) log2 6 - log2 15 * log2 20

"l+4^l (/-')'(o)E *oI4.

(b) 4E mg (u) losr 100 - log3 18 - log3 50

(c) /-'(r)E C6}J., /-'E Celqr+ lqg B.6I+. 46. (a) ,(rosz3+rorr5) (b) e31"2
(a) (c)g 0l+6ll^l (/-')'(a)E c6}r, olaol (b)
^lg 47-so. E.rE Ceg ol+El^l E+g dzlla}4.
el ar|el "Jils¤- q"J6IE. ^l¤.
(e) /eI /-'E rqsE Ag +tsql rq+. 47. tnt[ab 48. ln tl*
31. f (r): x3, o: 8
92. f@): ,,/i4, a:2
ag. r"
--. --- 4
,tro
50. lr, (c+
, +l 1)5

33. /(r)-9- r' (O < z < 3), o:8 s1-s3. trl-g 49 d. zll9 -e:1-e. .E¤81-e+.
3t. l@): t/(x - 1) (r ) 1), a: 2 51. lnS*51n3 52. lno*alny-blnz
3s-38. (/-')'(")= *"t4. ua +ln(r*z)' + |{r"r- ln (r2 + 3r+ D2}
35. ,f (r)= 2r3 + 3x2 + 7r * 4, a: 4

36. /(r): ,6 - 13 *2x, a:2 54. *4 ME "l$otl^l Elg efE <19 ++ q{41
zl/zlzl *oI4.
31. l@):3*,'+tun(ff) ,-r l-r11), a:3 (a) log1210 (b) losz8.4

38. /(r): ,s+*'*r*1, a:2 *^l ME "l+6ll^l q¤'B+=E r4sE Ag

ffi s5-s6.
ElE.il rqq. olfl r4s5g qE +4lql
3e. /-'b ,lE 7l-bt fl.+ /el q¤'+olr lG):s 55. y:log,.ur, g:lnr, g: logrsr, Y:lo956r
9le-7}?

ol4 /'(a): 6IzI. (/-1)'(s)E e.}e}.

56. g:lnr, y:log1er, A:e', g:10'
3",U
40. l-'= ol+ zlboJ B+ /el qfl'+"lr 57. u:loszrg:4$E t4ol linchoJ e.t+olql
G(*): r/ !-'(")ole| alz|. /(3) : 2ola /'(s): t fil+r 6lzt. +cE +ol7} 3ftoll o1e7l +lEl^l=
oJ ql, G'o)z *o14. gdq^J 9-=5--9-e H mite *"tz}"t 6l+7P

41. (a) E:a B+ y: logor!. "lBrll Cel6l^b7}? gG):lnr9 rqsE qel

(b) ol *+E aelqe Fs,tzl? EEut. + E+ fG):ro'4
4E +A zl^I4¤q B4 rq^l /4 gE ulEalel. /
(c) ol d.+el ilqe *S."JzI? el re{s= eE r4E= t4 trlzlEeE +g6It-7I?
174 . Ill3Ef elEl+

5e-60. El¤- e+q f4sq T}|eg rq4. 4l4izlE 73. lim In(cos z) 74. lim In(sinz)
'J4. F rH 14+ 15ql +qd rB"Jg ^]-*
r- >0 z-O+
^l+6lzl ,u J111 {m(r + ,')- tr,(r + r)}
6IL, uJsoIE 1.2eE H+9 "l+61-+.
59. (a) 9:log16(c*5) (b) y: -lnr
,u J4{tn(z+r)- tn(t +")}
60. (a) y : ln(- r) (b) s : hr lr I

61-62. (AS n. *+ f(x): x3+ *r*1e-l :q1:zE r?-lr,

(a) /9 Aglq4 4qe F9,'Jzt? olAol "J'fl.JqI olf¤ ¤B6let lelr ?+q Ell+
(b) /el rqsel r¤¤¤ +E"Jz|? 4l^llE 0l+6ll^l f- '(r) ql q6J oJEl+ s.eg *"1"+.
(c) /9:a4sE rE+. (CASE ,t'll zlzl 7l-b+ s.¤g olfl tI
^]l^lg 4olrt
61. /("):lrrr*2 62. fG):ln(r-1)-1 slq^l F zlxlE +4¤+ olf¤ ¤B6I+.)
6s_66. +g ,JC^lg roil qlq gqE. 78. 7tEil+ ¤4^l7I ElzlE, +^l E4^l +d
tsllElp]=
63. (a) 6 (b) ln(3r- to): z 7lE 4+d6}7l +d7l= d6l¤ +¤.
"7-4x - ,J"l ^lzl6}EEll,
64. (a) o (b) l.r(s- 2x): -g al +d6JtrI.
"2r+3 -7 -
65. (a) 2'-5 - 3 (b) lnc*ln(r- 1): I _ e_,/")
e(t): Q0(r
66. (a) ln(lnz):1 (b) e" : Ceh' (*, a* b)
¤zl,rJ ae. 4lEI d6I +e}"l:z +.?l= aol+.
'el
67-68. E++ +F^lg roll q4 Eq4. (a) ol B+E qt}+= *a, r
9"lE ¤B6Iq.
67. (a) lnr ( 0 (b) e" ) 5 (b) a:2"J q +dzl= ++E e\toztlzl 4+d6t
68. (a) l<es"-t<2 (b) 1-2lnr<3 E c{ Bu}* e4 ¤4}z}?
79. a> lolel 6tzl. B+q! aq= ol+6ll^J, r+gg +
69. (a) I@): ln(e"-3)E CEqg *oI4
olel 4e1qg +ot4. 861at.
(b) /-'4 : (b) lima' : oo
,li!r-" o
(")
70. (a)
"rn300a1
Irr("300)E <Ig 44 +9."J71?
(b) al4ITlE lr("'oo)E {t¤ * 80. (a) +dg g+se ¤E ol-Fa}ts, ol +Cg 4d
^l-+6ll^i glbzlZ
oI?+. +fi,$ I f "rn30ua1 Al{jzlzl E{lE "J 'y: r{ll EllEl qa "lEtI ae qE4l 9bz|?
s7l= ol+E ¤Bg f llEz}? olfl zlalaffi gelql Hl+q, /zl gq.J B+"J
4l g(r) : f (n + c)9, qB+q q+ 49 *oI"|.
71-76. +g +6Jg *oI4. (b) c+ 0"J q, h.(r): f("")4 qil+q 4oJ
71. lim ln (r'- g) lim log, (8r - ,a ^]
x-3-
72
r -2-
)
¤ *"I4.

3.3 e r Ei+e[ zl+ E[+el 5E]+

"lH eql^J} Er ii+e] ia*+ql 4{} +^lg *:2, olE of.gr}l,rl zl

+ tl+E s.fiag "JolE4.
E:. E40l EEf+
Ei++E de.lE 0l+6ll^l tlf /(z): log,,rg ElEts ull, ol4ol ¤4ol
190 . 8136t e{Er.+

19. 3000gq= ¤"lg 57oE FzI6Its. a+"il, 4¤.r+ (e) I 44 (0 ¤+ +E

ae +4 rld ?zle cg q 5H FiE g4tl4lE
*"I4. 20. (a) flolg 6%{ s+ +ele Fal-6}8, EqE}Alr}
(a) ¤ 94 (u) o4g q q F ufls !ts rll ¤"I4 {AYzlZ
(b) B4e.: 9"I9 Solgq 6}|*61+7|?
(c) ¤ 44 (d) + +q

G q DTl 6[,^
-tEt-t Ei r

3.z¤q^l "JolE qe, "J.ll"J EL+q ql4^-l"J 9Qlfz} rfl

Ell ,s.4 B+= olqr, ol.ll tr}e+ g*fz|
=^llt+. rel
"J49ol ?*=+.
=46}4
+ 614 EI+= r Celqg +^6ll^l .J4"Je EIE + gleq, old +^E
+4 EI+EE EEI+= 49tr1"il^J +-e-e} qBg t+= ^ldg BolE 4
"ltrL
rg +"Jg f glFol, ^I"J iI+ s:sinzE g49ol "l...]4. (f
1ql^j
q I"J Bf inverse sine function Ed saHg ol*ala}.) relL} ¤.f /("): sin x (- rlz I r 1 nl2)y
o|=,rloJ Sf arcsine function "J49o14. e4 2Z 84.) ol+41 +^¤ ^IoJ *+ /el qel+: =zIi6I
n, olE zlE sin-' s= arcsing-E +EId+. olE q,^.|'?.] Ef s= ota
er+4 E}trt.
^tE

-v .v

v: sln .r
_!.
2

0 ! x 0 g -Y

2 2

I
-ral r azJ 2 s:sinz t- t=
-
, = ;)
-\

q*+el AEql 9"ll 48"1 dfl{}r+.

f-'(r):a (+ fQ):x
r40e. q+g E=+

sin- Iz - A <+ siny: r

I n z-\
tr \-z= Y<r)
1 trl+^l -L < r < Lg q, sin-rrt" -"lZ*yl n/Znyzlq f-e, :,t1""1
sln ''t * --:-
.
-l

III'J
6[ol ro]Q.
S
 D
. 3.5 el$4 Sf . 191
국
.

GEn sin-'(i)4 (b) tan(arcsin+)el Ag *ot4.

(a)

EO (.) sin(zrl6): !oll r/oY - rlz* zrlz ,<p1q ?lgEil, Et¤¤ E

EE}.

.'"-'(+): f 3

(u)a: arcsin;4 6IH, sing:*"t+. rfl$ fg 3r+ poJ tJ z-|ol 0

z,l-z
0?) 44 +4Bg :ag + 9lr, slQne+^g C;l'il EBll +"1^l + H
fal
el aol {e-t:zO= olgqg + iltr}. ol.il tr}4 ol +4qql8 s

+¤g eg + fl+.
tar(a.csin*): o" t: # r
ol A+q q*+ql r{'J a4 ltl{^le +-S4 Aol g+.
sin- r(sin ,):,
I n zr\
e [-e="<T)
sin(sin- 'r): * (-t<r<L)
q^I"J Bfsin-'el CEqg [-r, r]oll ilqg l-n/2, nlz)o|y', t
g +oll +4U olel rqsE +Ag tI+E]4s(rB 2)e+q zlC v
^IqI
,:zoll rIEl qia olF^14 gg + fl+. !

E++ /zI S4"lE_8, q^toJ i++E g+o14. 2.3eql^l g + ll!

^Iql
nl.$ zli.rilr:E, q^loJ itfs ul$ z||.o|4. sin-'9
^I"J ilfzl
ol, 0 x
-l
EB+= 3.2¤ C?.1 Eel +4s.E cB + 9l+. felu| sin-'ol olts
,It.Bg .Jr 9l7l ull+ql, ++aI zJ"l ¤-ilf9 "lEBsE drll cg _!
2

+ el+.
aal 4 y: sin-lr : arcsinr
g:si.r-'r4 rel$ siny:rolA -nlZ3AS zr/Zo1r4. s-g-
6-lz}.
f9 "lBHoE siny:r¤ rql +4 "l+6ttr, +gg
g=E|.
du
" d.r l,
cosu*:
r www.stewartcalculus.com
dy:1
dr cosy Additional Example AE .E-+

rflql - nlZ 3 yt rlzolog cosy > 0olI, 4*ol ^dBEItrl.

cos v 1- sin29 : lr-7
tr14^l tr]-+g E=+
dul1
dx cosy ,lT"
192 r r1l3g "lg+

d
tr (sirr- 1z) 1
(-t<r<1)
4
dr {r:7
/t'
-2
4
-,1 2
+!flil f(r):sin-1(22-1)g
qE *otat.
cfl, (a) /E EEq, (b) /'(r) , (cl l' el 89

EO (u) q^I"J tl+el Cggol [- r, r joloe, /E CEqe q-gq Aq.

-4 {"1-r I x2 -1 < 1}: {rl o < 12 < 2)
ral s : {rl l"l< {T}: l- O, Oj
t E-21 29 ++ /e+ r q*+e-l r4 (b) +4 El} ¤41 H4g Aql6IE, trt+¤ E=tt.
sE rg 5q ++*+. /7r oql^l
f'(r) :
d (r'-
ul"$ $zf}:ala olE.f'9 :4ozl t)
t - (r'- t) dr
r:0o{l^l +471 Elo+etr}:
.Jil+g q."J6}zl. ^l-¤+ -2n
tr^ _ _
L&-
1- -2r2+l tfzr2 - rn
f' el Cqqe 4g+ A+.
(c)
{"1-r <12- 1 < t}: {cl o<12 <2}
: {rl o < lcI< \/z):(-'/T, o)u(0, ttr) I
9a,r19.1g+E Hl+6I41 il?]*+. +^¤ n^IoJ tlf /(r): cos,
v (0 < r < n)E 949"lo.E-(rB 6g B4), 9t*fz| ¤4t+. olg zlE
.E$ arccosE +4UtrI.
"os-'
0 TT
x
E) cos-1r-y e cosy:u (0<g<zr)

f=J0Y:@sr (0<c<n)
%Ic4e +¤.4 aq
^rt
cos- l(cosz): a (o<u<zr)
v 5
(-t<r<t)
n "or("or-'r):,
qa^l"J E4 cos-'= Aqgol [- 1, r]oll il9"l [0, ,]ol{, :.r]lE
7l aA zr+ Ae. ¤a i}f"l+. Etli= +¤.r+ AE+.
yx I F
*
)
=
siny
.

급
l0
d
( COS I
r ) :-: 1
(-r<x<t)
x _0]
dr 고

한
,/r- r'
cos
ae;lT g:cos-lr:arccosr .

+4 *^l trF+ ae *BeE +BE} + 9i=Ell, ol= s.lfl E4l r-e ts2J4.
tr]g.
Edle. B+= +rJ enlz, r/z)e. +^,f,'g-tr-rAl "Jrllg ilfe EIE +
q3- I"J $f inverse cosine function 914. :zeis e gEJde gt+ts flf /(z): tan r (- n/2 I r 1"/z)9 9tI
9Etlg ffi inverse tangent function
+s Aq6J4. (:? 89 H4.) ol¤ zlE tan- 1 .E!. arctanE L+F+U+.
 3.5 qd4 gtf . 193
tung
=
x
Lr:
a tan- A <+ tany: , -i.v<i
T lf
v

y -
fE 4 cos(trr-'r)E ,JE6l 6'tat.
u

EUD 9: tan- tre] o121. relfl tany: roltr - 7r/Z 1y < r/Zo1r4.
싱가
tunvg 0 x

cosg$ {zl fla}zltrJ, tansE "Jr ?lo otr. +gq ¤ol Bzl secar$
;+E aol q flq.
sec2y: I * tan2g: * 12
cosy '1.
,
=

roelt rg 8 y: tan, t- i. r. il
secy: ttrT? en/2<y<n/zoJ {l secy>0oloE)

f eloe. "o.(tun-tr):.o"u: # :
rfi=*.
E"f ¤ol loll^Je| ¤ol d|4 E^l¤i olgolzl ?*r, EBg olguft 7!ol /i;;i
q +lg + ?14. g: tan- tr4 rlB tany: roloE, (g > 0 "J A+E
qr^r6r)=-:lJ,:;:-:.";:L
x

r/l*x"
r rH9
I

ㅡ
gBdls Bf tan-r:arctanE 4E99 n oll ilq¤- (- nlz, rlz)
ol4. oI ffls= :z? 10oll +4*tri.
olpl "Jr 9l= 4le c1g-o1 CBt+. ㅡ
v
lim tanu: m, lim
(n/2)'
tanu: - oo
!
1

x-(n/z)- x--

relP + 4c ,: trl?i tr4lE. B+q r4sE ¤zl dtdolr|. tan-r x

el r?]lsts +^¤ Edle i}+el r4sE zld y:roll qq 4a ol*cll t
oe., + zlC a:nlz* y- -rlzb tan-rel r4g9 +
^l ?g f llo
2

B A=dol4. "l ^ldg tr|g +Elee -*.¤+tr}. fal 10 y : tan- lr : arctanr

lim tan- rc :
7f 7r
tr 5+6 T lim tan-
a+- @
I 4:--
2

GfIn tim arctan(" )n

,JE *olat.
-
EO t : - z) ol4 6lE, z --- 2+ "J 4l t --- "o oJg "Jr 9l+. tri?+^J B
L/ (x r www.stewartcalculus.com
E ar{l ^lq Eq q¤¤ E=+. Additional Example BE .H.q
arctan(#r):,li1 arctan t: + r
,lim
194 r lll3Al elB+

ranz| ul$ zl-i.rlE.P, tan-'s. ulB 7l-ts6}+. olel Efli+¤- *zl gloll

^l a: tan- rr + 6lzl. rfl{ tany : rol4. ol {g g*+E o

"lBB E
r.tl *dl trlEE'IH trl¤¤ EE+.

""czy ff: ,

rqF-=. 4¤'ol CBt+.

dg: 1 _ I
d:r L*tanzy L*12
"ec'y
d, r -r''ri:
r
g --;-(tan
cLI
1

l*r"
-;
*"lzl q+4 *+Ee zl+ ^I¤-6lzl: ?*Erll, ¤zloll e"+elq.

'Ftuany
숍
" y: c"c-', (lrl > t) <+ cscy: t (y¤ (0, nlz) v Gr, 3n/2))
[E

가
tany =

따가
t U: sec- tr (lzl > t) <+ secA: r
y:cot- rr (z¤R) <+ coty:r
(ye [0, n/z)vltr, 3r/z))
1re (0, zr))
1 랴
qfl +?Jg ++L} +Aol dq6}= ag
csc-'e{ sec-'E AEql^l yql
v
1
Fy ' seccy ~
otqq. qlE EE, .Jp xlzlE ye lo, nlz)u(rlz, nlE sec-'E aEql
ol+q}4. trg 11ql LlElu
^laE II+9
r4soil^l I f glF"l, "Ifl
1

2t dqrl mE dqe -E-F +s.61+.1 mql^l +rJg r+4 dq'J "l*i "l
O
+ +^l"l q ++6171 "IE"l4. (9¤ -$zll 419 84.) ?
0 7f -t

f.B
,rli1

g: secir
E mql EE q$4 *+E Ele +^lg sit+. csc-'' sec r, cot-r9
"lB +^lql r]]q! +Bg
11 q6J EAI 13-15e. BrJtri.

블
1
y스
sery E Eg4 g+el 5.-d+
f{""-td:ffi, d.r(csc
. 1
1

*
)
Tyxf 2-L ,'
:1:
d.:t:

새시 d t -1.L):
d, \cos
\
-
@
1
lL(r""-'r)
d:t
1

,tf*'- L '

dr -, i I
1
9("ot-',

데
)
" dr' l*r2' d,i, l*12
" i
4 +4g B44 ABE + 9l+. qE EE, 'u7l 19 "lE
¤41 7l-ts6J

ilfolE, 43"1 tB*r+.

" =

체
) 4(.trr-,r) : -.-L- d'u d \tan
d,r'
r -1'u):
lt_y,
r 1 d,u
E, * L+ t dr

cotl
'

j
-
secsc t =
 cas
th
-

3.s ela4 sf . 195

cuE lG): ztan-, ,/i = ElEslat.

닮다
I I -'\tt
"'*tan'--r'{xI=
EUt f'G\:r-
t*('/-*Yd'
: J; ,, -_I Yr E
z5+*1-rtan

이려피쳐졌고
3.5 elg E4t

.
"
.
때
창
1-6. ++
1. (a) sin-'(
^19
'/T
2. (a) arctan(- 1)
4+t
lil
<tg *o14.
(b) cos-'(- t)
(b) csc- I 2
18. h(n): tR
19. g: sin- t(2r
arcsinr .
+ t)
20. a: tan-'(r- t/t+7)
잃쳐는
3. (a) arctanl (b) sin-'(t/ ttr)
21. G(x): ,/ll ur""o",
4. (a) ,."-'r/T (b) arcsin 1 169 25만
ZZ. F(0): arcsin ,tr1"0 1
t
5. (a) tan (arctan 10) (b) sin- (sin (7n'/3))
DB:5 23. h(t): cot- t (t)+ cot- l (t lt) i +

* "
2
-

'등
5 -

<
ㅡ

0
6. (a) sec(arctan2) (b) cos(rr,r-t(*))
24. Y: cos I (sin- t t) 서
.
2
은
5
= ≈
2
[ .

5.
-- s I tr
co

pr
ㅡ
-

y
25. a: arctan(cosd) 0 :
7. cos (rin-1r): h:V "Jg 6B6I+. lsinlltapxsin
1 - @
ㅅ
sintzyr biny x =
26. fb):cln(arctanr) Imc
D)
) +
장
ale
~
> c

arctuhH

8-10. q¤. Atq 6i+. SJtcz

.
그

27. A: rsin-'*+ t/t- a'

8. tan (sin-
^l-c
tr)
a
D과
sy =
EL
ataaic
:
2 hany
빛가23

28. A: arctan ,,lE

업

9. sin (tr.r-'r) 10. cos (ztan- x) 1 다 니 *

Y K
2e. a:arccos(##ffi) ro r 1 n,a> b> o)
11. +^l Eql^le+ ae HIH9E cos-'E s1}+ql 4 =
eI +4 E]9 +H6I4.
30-31. +g B+e-l E++e *ot4. B+e+ r EB+ '
(a) sin- rr * cos-'r: n/2"J9 +8614 el CEqg *"14. 한 ~ 빠그 수
ple
12. "

(b) (a)E 0l+6ll^l *4 Eg +B6IE. 30. /(r): arcsin(e') 31. g(r): cos '(g- Zr)
니이 3 ek sjoxsl
32. tan-'(*y):7*x2yg ql, y'E *oI+.

다했었었다젼
①
Cot로 ( ESE국 33. gG): rsin-'(rlq) + 16-22 I trll, g'(z)E
:

2
t또 :

했
: Zec
*"I4. * * 착
:

"
34. e (t, ,)ql^l +d s:3arccos(rlz)q qt6J dd

주
Y
*
E %IC!g +oI+.
35-38. trlg +{!g *oI4. * 하 압
I t+*'\
16-2e. El*S B+q EE.+E *"t4. 7l-ts6J a+"il= 35. lim sin-tz 36. limarccosl
,+@ I

r- - r* \1* 2r" I
At6l 6I?+.
.r. y
arctan(e') * l$tan-'(lnr)
16. g:tan-t(o') 17.a:(tarr-'r)2 JrI1 -

몇 따. !
 .
:

196 rll3g "Js+

39. aolz}sm"J
^l-442I
¤4 H"]l zl49 ?Itri.
^ltrt?-lE "l CE.ll tr|eE (qfl +41 14ql il.ts *^.lol olq
"tull ¤ol qel gse+q 0.em/s9 4H"e. E"lzl e]) ffiol tBBg Bq+.
E, ^I+49 "trfl ¤"1 qE ge-e+q r.sm Bq4 9(r""-'r):
?ig ql, q 49 9"t4 Bul H6IL-7|? ar ---!
lxlt/ r" _ I
(lrl > t)
^lf,l-ele+ ^1"19
스스
~ 1x

40. FqlTI +g dq ¤ilqq fl=rtl, zld "ile}9 zlt

-

g4
42. 6) Bf /(r): sin(sin-'")E :4.9E rq+.
Tlvl& zld P-e.?q 3km ¤q4 flE+. 5.Iel (b) t++ g(x): sin-1(sinr) (ze R )q r4sE
* 1¤:uI+ r{l H qdqlq. Ptr+El 1t<m Eol4 ilE rq+. !
sinxs ~
로
sll"Jel 4Ag ol EHg E"I* E?.1 zl+71+7|?
g,(r): eq4.
(c)
ffigg
? 9U: sec-rr
41. oJ+ +¤-r+ zJol C9{}4.
^]z}: (d) i++ h(r): cos-r(sinr) (re R )el r4*E
<+ secy: r (aeI0, TrlZ)U (tr/2, nl) rqr, olel sgf¤ *ot4. '

:
Y 로

E [-=..({
4(r-l
u 6}^
E I
몰 1

1
!
평
! 6

+ al+ Sf "'4 e-'4 +A'* a+Eg +qr+ r g+ +olql^l 'll+

xI+ +4+71 4trq1, ol+g E"J "J6ltrt. olaEg {el z}xl *ts
i,*+C Bf hyperbolic function =EqLolAEq'"J+C
,rfol hyperbolic sine
se t4 t}+e+ .grlalr., ^Iolel
*41= c!4 i}+Eli
*+C g ,J4.
"*+C i^l-oJ hyperbolic cosine ^Iolel
$4le+ "]fl "l*otl,^.J "la# 5¤q 8+d -Et+4 +E
1., zllE4-e-s= 8=d 8=c i.^l?! FaI 'Jol +EEI.
a
^l'?.!,
8+d Ef+g 8E
r -x
sinhz - S--:- cs ch z : ----;--
1

2 slnnr .

e'+e-' -1
seChC: -----T-,
coshu -2', cosnc
- sinh r - coshc
tanhz: coshz' coth z
srnhr
-
v v

Y: cosh x v
): l
y:2 et
I
)=sinhr

x ): tanh -r 0 x

y : -+"-' Y: +.'-'
L
y=ie"
.y: -l

0 x

:lal 1 y:sinhz :i"' -|"-' aaiJ 2y:cosho :i.' *f,"-" le3

 3.7 +EE!t trEl=JE HEI ! 203

3.7 +eBri Eq=Jel H4

trl+ !}+e] flf,$ ¤flEzt.
F(x):#
FY r:19 rll C99xl ?*xlEI, F7l rel flE6l^= BlBg "J g
e7l ?lEL +61, +¤- +Elg gr. d+. =Bql^i

tr ,,,s#
ol +'t¤ CE+ ql, +EE +tol 0olEE (+q +t.$ +6Jel +014i) +
+ Hzl 5E 4+ts+ fltrt. (1.4¤g tr+.)
^lrJ,
trE ++ol +46IzlEI
:1 <lol +E6Izl gJ:grll, +ne+ +zlz} -E+ 0oe zlTlft)zla- f e aeA
zl ?+zl qlEol4.
oJHI4sE, nto! 4l fG)--*0olr g(r)-*0q1 a+ql +S4 Ag
Eel +Ehg *E4z alzl.
ti.n /!'J
9\fr )
"-"
olH +qtg +allg f tr 9lr1 r+zl 9*g +E iltsrll, * Cq +¤Eol+
{}E}. 41 l+q^J old ¤-E ++¤. H z}zl oJo}Bt4. +"1 fl.+E a+qlE
trI*$ ?ol *E "J+E + 9lE|.
^49
um
*2-* r?-l) t 1

rz_1:r,E_(;,+m;lr:r,r* *+1: 2

zl6}t+4 EBg ol+6ll^J +¤¤ Efr+.

lim
ti" : 1
c-0 o

:Hql olH ,*Be E4 ae ++ql 48921 ?t=trI. olql tr}+ olH eql^l 801
b +4¤E <tg c6Pl +lt 4414t %LB.J Etrt=Je.t gEIg E"Jt+. PCB inAeterminate form
gvl$el B4
+tol B+614 9*3 e 4E t*g Eql 9lE rq +* d=cg *g I'Hospital's Rule
qs +gr+ ee +tg dE ql +Elt+.
a lim*
Z)@& I

ol +*-g += %lBol B+6Izl ?*¤.cll, o---' oo "J trI Ese+ +z|7l E_+
ull$ol4. olzlfl *t* *
4zlzl EEe+ ez}
^Flql *E"l 114. Eztz}
"J aolz. Eltz} olTlH +,*g 0"J aol+. Eb ¤eol ol+ole + flE
rll, olB A+ql +tg +.J+ "J+g 1o14.
"JHI49B lG)-- -(EY -oo)olz g(t)- oo(Ets -o")?l A+ql
204 . 11136r.elg+

+gr+ ae gE +dg 7{i4-r aiz}

lim fG)
n@
olfl +-'Jg +E 9lr :1+xl *g +E ilts'll, * EE +¤Eol4
=49
t4. r.6aql^l "J"tE 4e, "lH Ee.l +*e +4 fl.+E s*i5l+ +E
tI B+E A+q= +sq q4LlE ^l+7l zI+ +g 19 4EAlEss E
sei +^l-= ++"t ctr + fl+. ql= Ets El^gr+ eq.
,- 1

. eu]99 H{g s=J4e.l

(Marquis de I'Hospital, 1661-1704)
el olE-g * 4olul"J r-9.14 ftlzl s
fl+ sul$
t*#,:J1*=:#:+
,-7
{} ullgts(John Bernoulli. 1ffi7 -17 48)
,i gaflq. EllB"l ol Bzlg q^Fl
ol %LBe tr]g+ Ae +tql= 4+qzl ?*zl"J, E'IBE tsag olfl BEll
E +CBqlE 4*g+.
v
I eq=JE H.1 og 3gtoll^l (zl4.i:llot aE xllg6}r) + ilf /4 gE
s
ul.g zli.ola- s'G)r. ool4:[ 6']^]. rell.
lim /(r) : 6 ol-tr lim g(r) : 0 olzl4
r+a x+a
0 x
lim /(r): t oo oll lim gG): + oo +I 6l^I.
T- o z+o

v Y:mr(x-al
(ts}fl g.6lH,
* *= : Eq +A¤ol +olAqa 6ra}.) fqE ++

Y=mr(x-a)
fi./,1"1
t-a I \fr)
zI A+ql (EE oool4Lt -oooJ A+qD 4g-"1
=4161-ts 모피탈 lan
0 x
cBr+. 조건( f7 o goff -rgt .

, goot
J6r
-aJ I
ri- /!"1
g\r)
: ti,n /,!"1
g \t)
과f ,
g가 미가
,-" z-a
r:B eul99 Haol +"J + 9l
13
ol+= 7I^l4os "J^1t4. a
=
e1 :zfllEi Ele Ttbt + fl.+ /
4 gE ts{iiril, 44 r '--+ooJtJ 6tr 1 -eElBE H4q q4, +qd adol CBE q B+5E +E +¤Ie
ql 0 og. +Bt+. ¤ (a, 0)g r Eil+Eel +e] +tn+ A+.Isirl$el Hzlg ol$alzl d'{1, /4 g
4 qq6IE f4sEe ael zldq el +tql +t aag qql6l+ 4ol 5ol +-g-6I+.
Aol Eolzl :2fl41 E4 :
^lzltE+. *t z EulBq tszle t+ +6J E= +t}4.11^J9 qir;} EE ¤lel ++4
?Is.tl^le+ aol fl+7} ¤4l.e dB
olE r HIY E+¤-+ ?9 d"14. ql^-lE +aJql q6I^-lE +E6IE+. 7lg 'r - a'z r - a+ ,

mr(* - a) q! =-,
n1'r
r ---+ a, r ---+ @, n-+ -oo + ae-eE tsl-E + 9l+.
;{;:d: nlz
ol= I E¤:+E Hloltrl. ol= El+
q= eElBg Bzl"l *.J ol#E d4 +"JB + ?l+. g4s, Ele
ㅡ

g "J^ltEl.
4l
+E CE.il 4t! s trtC B^lg ol+sl$ E+¤¤ EbE+.
ㅡ

ri- /l'l : tim4!*

9\r) r< I \fi)
"-
 3.7 +8Eq trEl=JE HEI . 205

m f(r) - f(") f(") - f(")

X-A
: t-a
lim I'G) _ f',(a)
r-o
t4c v6-76 11*
g(")
t-A
- g(")
lim
x-a @ I-A

:Y\m:lE#
xla

g'$^i"J ¤qE Eulgel Hzlg +B617l= q qBq. olql q6J +¤

g ++ D"ll^J *"1-E + 9l+.

Gm 1,115=*orl.
pfl r1g-ol CBtJc}.
lirr.rtnc: lnl :0. 1):
lg(r- o

]qFE q+4 zJol eulBel H4g 4+g + flE|. @ecB9 Eag ^Fsg u[, tses+
d E4E EEs "lgt4. *9 olEH
limfta :
a-1x_ | ,-,
-t
tim#:,,T+
tr^
:,,,T* :, ¤ 0l*6}zl ?*=tri.

D
frG_
∞
D
미가
7
>
Eair l*5= ¤6rar.
∞
t Ez\ 29 d+9 :14sE _z? Z"ll4
Etll lirn, --¤a: oo oltr [im,*- tr2 : * olg-e., eul$gl Ezlql 4?+ EIH+. gq^1 zl4t 4e. 44 94
ts 4E4l# u+E-+ gd El HlEzl
+g+ E=+. +7l6ts-E Erl24 ar|rl ql+ E I
d (-"\ t.t ae "H+. qfl E4l 419 H4.
e' Et" ' : ,. e"
Itm--: llm llm-
r-* to ,-* x-a zr 20
fr(*r)
n-----, @ oJ ull e'---+ m olJ. 2t --> - oloE, +H91 +tg E+^l +A
BoIzlEI, EnlgE Hzlg Er+^l 4+61ts El-gg E=+,

t*i:]s*:J1t*?:"" r 0
"=1
'x'

l0

2
=zJ
rE ]lf*#=cdlar.
Ettl r oo I 4 ln t -+ @
-->
"la W---' oo olE e, EuIBE tszlg 4+sr
E q¤e E=q.
Inc Llr
lrm--;--: Itm
,-* \/ t r-@ I f- 2/J
206 . x1l36t qEr'+

r-H_zl Boll 9l: q+e] r4lt= f.B +EE +L+ol ol^.ll * gq +4B"Jg +"J6la|. rel+ -H_7.| 2ql^le+ rJol
3ql++H4. olEl tsg,t} q-E -=.r EqBE Hzlg E4^l zl+6lzl e*r, ,Jt6l 6IE trl-¤¤ P=+.
++= eflr'll +7I6tE-e. r - oo I ^lg
q ol B1TI ooll +B{}E}E
^}¤e 5 Iim$: lim r/t . : ,-o
a-* 1/T "*-
lim+:o r
Brl S+. qg E{ 428 -EE. 1/I
+ r-2/t
.|

lnr EW lg13"i-E *orar. tr.str9 qE Ext zze srt.)

v=
!;
Etll r --- 0"J rll (tan r- r) ---r Qoltr 0olo e, gsl$E tszlg 4+
0 10,000 z3
-
6IH
'l+4 44.
-l tanx-x : sec2r-l
ral
JEg
2 ',tS "' lS s"'
+Hq +tol qd6l t eg PcB"loe, Etgr+ aol EEIBE B4
r rH 4el :a4s= -H-71 4E ArlE g 4+6}zt.
7I^l4oe q"J^la a+. ftszl"J
LJ+ E"l^J .H-E, +{qt r4s sec2r_- 1 : 2seclrtanr
,.,,, lin,
E:Ell, r7l4f= 4 tanrts 14 r-0 3r' r-0 Or
=
zl$zl fl3o14. 1.3eel qE Ezll
22(d)E: -E-+.
lim"-osec2z:lolt'8, trt++ ?ol zJtul Cg- + fl+.
I 2seczxtanr: 1..
ItIIl----=;- ' . r.
llm- tanr : l.. tanz
Ofr
;llmsec-z =IlIIl-
c-0 .J z-0 a-0 fr J r-0 T

ol olzlnJ +ele sqgq Bzlg

^ll {4E 4+tll^l Ag +{+
---t/
tanzE (sinr)/(cosz)-tr ,xd *4 B+q +tq ++ Ar+E ol+6ll
r- r
):--;'-
tan
^l <tg +g + 9l+.
s= tr4lE BzlB, +ge E=+.
-l tanr-r sec2c-1 2seczxtanr
0
lrrTr---------;-:rrl-rr----------;-:rrir_l-------^bf
r-0 fio z+0 3X' t -0
aeJ 4
:ilg 1,. se.Z*:iI
1,. ta:".r:il'S
, r-
미가 광
"
EEE ly#X;E *orat.
너그
미가-EElEel
EUI +eqr. H49 4+6tE rlgg e=q
slnu cosl
llfll .-: llm --:---: - oo
, ,n- L - COSU r-n SInr
ol= *zl ?*4! " --+ 7r g ull EzlE sinr--- Qolxl"J EE- (1- cosr)
t:0oe zlnffl)zlzl ?J:oo-8, 9zlrl eslBE Ez.lg zJ+¤ + flr+,
+16l-= +'t}e ¤4lE drll *g f iltsrll, zrgl,,.l "l El+7I ¤4ol.z
+s7I 6ol olt-.lzl *I+.tl tr|¤-4 zJol *fl.B *g + il+.
sirrzr :
li==*ir, _ 1-coszr:1-L-,;:" 0 _,, I
,nn-t-cosu
 3.7 +eE4 EElEe] fl4 t 207

E7l sE EulBel Hag +qrla 4+6lE g*g + ?l¤¤ Eq++.

qH +,Je eflgq Hzlg
^l-s6ll^J
*g + glxl*, EIE %Ltsse trl d
,ll *g + 914. 1t.ad9 + .tt7l 2e+ 4, t.0¤9 -H-71 5, "lH d9
^lzl +
+oll^l ts+.) r4,e- +6Jg *g q= trqBq H4g
=EE! ^16}9 ^I
+6}7lql *^l trl= %LBg ^J46llot ttri.

sE +¤e
lim/(z) : s - - )9 4, lim/(r)g(") 9 <tol *
olr. lim g(r):
"o
(EE

9.?lrl= Eq.4zl ?++. /e| g ,\plq ffiol 114. /zl olzlH +,*e 0ol
a, s7l olTlH +te. *(Ets --)"14. E= ElEol ol+qd, +Qlol
9ol olH +fr6J +"J + 9l+. olfl ++E +{g 0 . oo EE +$Eol?+
'J+. * /gE 4*4 ae +eE ++.ilq
q-= + !Itr}.

fn:lG f
s-b fs:fr
olE +qd ++g t *= ; E.rl +c¤str HB^14^1, qqgE Hzl
I olSE + glrll 6J+.

EUE! limrlnzg AE
A r.t0*
Aolal. ' r.zB sY!-71 6ql fl= *+el r4
rB Eq=q. {}#zt c:ooll,t.l {
EU +qa +te +4891'll, r - 0+.J ql a4 tf(r)E 0ql 7Pt+lzlxltrJ 99zl ?*¤¤ +"J6Izt. :r.?]lE:
gdql
Erll ?lf(hr)b - aE zlztls)zlzl ullE"l4. ,:11$lr)e aE, d4le Eg6[
7l7t+lzlzloJ
zl= *t4.
r'--* 0+ I 4l t/r --+ oo ols e enlBE Bzlql tr}el trhg¤. E=tr}. v
∞

limPi:
limrln0: ,-g+l/:E
기

lim J+-: lim(-r):o r Y:xlnx

z*0* 로 r-o*-L/r' r-0*
0∞

Br. s-21 69 ¤ q, +¤.!+ ag ^l

o e LIEIE +E ?Itrt.

J$"rnr: l:*rft; x

rqg * ge +4¤g ¤zltl, trqgq Hzle 4+6[E ¤tsfl'J

AEtrI cj $${! 49 E=+. gH}4ss, EE +ABe q^l ¤ ql
-1
JdJ
al E

trJ t+t +tlg eg + 9l= %16&9 cqt+.

=
itel +88
lim,-,,f(c): -olz lim,-og(r)- oool oll, tl'*4ag++g "o-oo
EE +AEol4 tI4.
Iim {/(r)- g(")i
 208 r rll3g "lg+

E+^l f 4 g
^Flql +Eol
glEl. Bg (f zl
"14,11) "",!t4?
ui (gzl "1
4^J) - *oJvl? otqfl +.J+ +s +EE i r^l&t\? ol$ $olrizl $l
tll, iI¤ +-9.-e Hh+q (ql$ EE +E +sr Ets +4419 ol+6l|Ll -BrE:-
.J+E +q.ilq) *=
t +a¤ss HB^14 EzI.
3 =e
턱 듯
-

tt
= 0

* 더

o
5
GFEf lim (secr - tan r)E datat.
,_(r /2)-
EO Uzl * -- (rlz)- I 4l secz -- oo oltr tano---' oo olEE ol +6Jg +
cB"Jg q"J6}zl.1 +g+ zJ"l *F +EE "l+B +
ㅡ
-

?l+.

osNt
(
I t sinz\
lim (secr - tanc) : lim
\cosz --l cosr l

이판찮
,-Gt/2)- x-G/2)-
* 1- sinr tT' :
: lim lim - sln
"* * --"I rll (t - sinr)--- 0oltr
- x-G/2)-
LT
o
시 x-(,r/2)- cosz - r
gfl$$
x Gr/Z)- cosr---+ Qolr:g, Hzl
*
* "
☆!e↓ vot I ol$al^E ag CB6}+. I
파
따스
파따π
그

trtE+¤g
o}4el ae qq zlzl *C¤ol +Egtrt.
49+ Ae +tse+q
lim {71r;l't"r
001 ∞ 이 1
= ∞

. 00,-0, r-89 +ABolxl"J, , liT fb):oolI lim g(r):OoJ 0o E 긴

0- Eg SC¤ol "Iq4. (qfl E
all 52= -E-4.)
, IG): oo oJtr lim g(r) : 0 ?-l - o E
H]n w
했

M 7 9
ㅁ -

a Ig IG): 1 ol.a lim g("): w t oo oJ 1- E

4l Tlzl z+4+ +g3l ?ol zIfl erE f 4^J a".lg + fl+.
y : {f (r)}e(') o14 o}8, t" u : gG) h/(r) ol11.

EE +g+ 'J"l BfE zl+E +41ilq a"lE + 91trI.

{/(")} eG)
- "oG)n1Q1
(olfl %lHe E+ olfl fl.+E trl+dlE ql
^F+flg¤ ^J7l6l.xt.) 4 %Itse
*E +CB g(r)ln/(c)ql ol=EEll, ol= 0.co EolE|.
unxsnx 5114
①
ll
∞

5
Em s-0+ 포
lim (t * sin4o)*t'E 86la[.
HsunL I
EUI {xl r-0*9 4 (t*sin4r)---r lolL cotx---+ ooolsg, +qt! +
tg +cq"Jg +"J61^1. trl¤-4 aol +xl. 4
z|$ E:$
y: (1* sin4r)*t"
+l6IE E+s-r+ 44.
e
lng: h{(t + sin4c)""t"}: cotr ln(t + sin4r)

luy cotxln ( + s4x)

=

서어 cotxu ( HS4 X )
…→ 부미 !
e
- A

방
1
D

=
-

=
ex )
 * UA7 of 여 0

i
c 4↑× Hs4Ax)

nytcotAHSA jel
tyln
-n (ys4
. (
-
미미어 Yn
=

t
4

*
a NS 사- si
=
-

에서 -
8X 」
예
은=
.

r4oe eqBel Bzlq 9q +ge E=r}

업
o

luy =
lt 터m(+
. t 8
3.7 +trtr4 trElgsl gtl . 209

4cos 4r
. In(1*sin4z) :
Itm lng: llm
1+sin42 :4
llm-------,, h 0l2 ) Y -x
, -0* f,an,
r-0* z-0* SeC'f
xlnx=
lmy . = o
71A44 L s9 +tFg Cr].xl"J, g6l"= 42 y4 +6Jol+. e -- et"a o174 DD

"l+6ll^i olE +sE 4+!+ ar+.

ㅡ

닌
= ^ldg Iim

r
(1* sin 4r)*'" : lim g: lim etnu : e4 I enl
(oy)
t-}n r-0+ r-0+ P
6 -

V
( x
폐
xlhPx
ㅰ
CEf lim c'= *o[at. e
z
-0* bly
EUls=r>0gl q6il 0':0olEEol +6Jol +C¤ggq.J6tzl. rel+ B 6ql ++*+. 00e 4gElzl ?*
EE r* 0"ll 4oll ,o:1014. E7l 8r+ ¤ol tl{E + gl+. E= trt r--0*9 q ol *+7I 1q
zlEJ 7I
명분 ¤-4 zJol B+E al+s +El4q +E 9l+.
4+ldql i+6tzl oli' trzl sel d

g
T168g
+= +"J,{}+.
,
연속성이 -Ed_71 6ql^l .EslBel Hzlg 4+El^-l
,':("'"")z:"ztnx

r+# lr9+.
2

J$"lnz:0 *7 t
Er+^J *b +6Je 494 ar+. My Anx =

limr' : lime'l"' : :1 r
y exbent
eo -1 0
2
z-0+ o*0+
- re6

3.7 elg E4l

1-38. El¤- ++g *o14. zi¤6-J *.ll^l eqEe{ B4
까다
e
∞

g 0l¤;o}z}. + q aE4"J *tsol ?lsQ, rAel ^i

① r-@
lim{I
14.

*9 :zq4z}. EUIEE H4g 4+g + S,sE, r r6^I 3 ' Ih 3

16. lim "ot-'l "ot"
3(
K

15 Il[l--:--
r-o 3' - 1 A
"l+B ¤86|+. 3 3만 x-0 l"
1 n -

덮다했다따밝
l-r*lnz
*2-l r8. lim--4 .
1. llrx ,
,-1a'- I 'tty*#
17 ltflt --:---:--
r-t I + cos7r, . r-o tan '\4x)
to-afi*a-l 1 o-22
3.x-G/Z)'I
lim r * tanr t9. lim 20. lim: -

해
"o1' 4. Il[r (a - t)2 없다.
r-0 SeC U

이몸없다
.
. a-l .

*
= srnl
- x-0 SlnU
- 7* t* ZZ ,.- cos rln(z - a)
s. lirn#
t+0 Sln,
2t
.lsa# 2t. lim
c-0
cosc

23. limcot2zsin6r
T
4 --'
,0.
; --J ln (e" - eo )

-I' t. 1-sin0
rim$l r+0 α- )*fi "-t/z D
)
cos

8. 0-r/2 ☆ X

26. lim sinrlnr 뿐 어나빠밝

"
ot:Yrl+ cos20 Csc U
25. llmz"e
o __2 '

" a-o+ O
lnc
]{*+
ㅇ

,r. ii;
9. lrrn
는이흙다28. limctan(tlr)
-

이뻗다
b,xtan(naf 2)
c*o'
-
fr
'o o-l+ 화착팅
.
.
.

rr. lim#
t-ot"-l
,8_r
re. limlL
6-1 SlIl?T0
2s. rim
,*r*\c
Il- l-l
e'-ll
30. lim(cscc - cotu
z*0
)

) * 동
피은
* .
디가
* 어
=
 r 가
-
200
210 8138 "lE+
M
31. lim (c - Inr)
나치 π D
D 46. A*ol rn"J ExllE Czl t4"ll^l ¤qsB "11, *
c+@
zle-l al6}g rq6l= A+ql ,a Bel 4E, uoll 4
92. lim.+ {t" (r' - t) - tn (r5 - 1)} In' , ,t ,* z\^l sBg trt-g+ a+.

끔까 파벨맑은
x+ L

피볶들제창
33. limrG em 가영
34. lim (tan 2z)' u : !9-(1- ctlm)
"
.
"-
r-0* 8
+
c-0
d
최고 {zl,rl .s= +q 7h+Eol-r. cts *9 *f"14.
+-ta )-
일
Gx
ss. lim(t -Zr)L/" 36. lim
이 (a) Iimr--uE SsleL ol fltel 9"lE +tqlrP
3

쁜
-
c-0 ez 1+@

gz. li,n rtl(t-z) r t 시쳐빠 (b) 74¤ rql

'il6il, sulgE H4g "l+611^l
어
38. lim (e" + yt/
값 e
rnl'
데
I+@

? lim-,.*rE C6l-+. Tl* tl4ql^J tr.lzl* E

3e-40. r4s= ol+6ll^l +¤- +6Jg qg6}zl. rqr alE +Eql ql4 qts aE¤ LllB + ?lEzI?
ffi eElBel B4g ol+ql^i cq+ arg *"E1. 47. 4471 ulyt Ezl EAI EE 7lL + +d4lql z++
39 lim r{ln(c * s)- r}

alim-
o3r1 ffi4. E-qlE P=
b
In r.lH, +fl +qq^J El¤-
<z-At 1 n5 + Ar+.
ao.
,-o 3' - 2' 쁨지 p(E): "'r* " -1- +
n
e"-e
41. .JEel "Jel A+ 441 E.l¤-l dBElg +E6ieL
"91 T Iim o,-,u* P(E): o 99 .H-q4.
1i* !-: oo

48. Hlzl#l r?l E4 Adq ¤¤illE 4++ql, dC9 6

rn@ f
ol= g?] +
^l+ Bfzl "9 "l"lt 4$zil*E+ de-e+q ¤¤41 ul-pqlzlzlel ,lr1= aolq. dd qI
ilJqle 449 trq=+.
"tr^rd7r .=:r:il;l"ffi*
a 42. "JelE "Jf poll Qlfl

11n EJL: s
t -* xP
ffiol ¤B+g ?86I+.
¤zl,<l cE "J9 t}+ol4. +g +eg +r r *
oli trf- Elfz} qE-+ e?]4 +tql g 6ll^16l-E.
s 4dg trq=q."9
"itr],*
(a) lim u ㅇ (b) lim u O

D
R-rr r.-0+

43-M. El¤. +BJg *zl glcll eqBE Bzl¤. ^F&6|

4e. -e.ulBel Hzle stlBol 16e66ql gA* 4 <+
q:/ E+ q, q¤ 'Brlol *4uttsz].? trlE %IHse +
t4 ElA(Analyse des Infiniment Petits))9 E
.J ttg *"t4. *
울 El ql4lEe= 4l:atr- Et9}trl. ol zqe 4as +

다 했
'
Itm -:- 밟
SECU
43. lim -$ 44 S¤ "lB 4+El jr+^loJrll, eul$q B4g ql
0-(r/z)- tanr St
r+@ t/ r" * L ( gloll ol 4"ll^J
{lE r7t "}+ aoll z}
1 ^l6Pl ^)-+6-J
vta9 tril Els Bi=g= *= 4olfl+.

)#ll
4s. g+ /o¤ ¤"1¤ r-tr lEoll nH B4s d6lE qE {i
a: tf 2atr - - l/
g?]il4l= trl'g-+'J'L ro a aax
f.zl;olfl tLJ FtE

체워어한
네화태모은
,q^(t* a)"'
,a,: '^u[ *
('J^lq= qdql
"- \[""'
nI
"' 444= aa.e aol Eql9q.)
E+ +al4r t+. ol EzllE Eq4.
Tt.--, cn "J trI. olE E.ulgel

①
H4g ol+6114, ¤+ ¤-qe C6|E ttr Flel g4
El4lzl +s+ egg Eq+. so. olell rgg
6d4"1 ooJ +iflgg Eq+q-. ,4(0)
A: Aoe't
5 fl r^84 n PR ^|olE ggE Hol4 slr, B(d)

=
θ
=나니
했다거쳐
당 3E=.211
+
= AL4B PQRzI
$ole]
lim r*r. A(o) I B(o)A *"t4.
⑤ alz|
ㅡ
ltzt? 1i^lG+h):f(r- h) : f,(r)
$
-

f2
Sct 2sE r*s;-. 'iu
P eorE *n",o

화험
",

D nW:r"(*)
f"zl g+"J {1, ffiol cBi}¤. Hq+.
A(0)
56.

o o ㅥ
=
R

sz. Q¤-4 zjol f elolz[

s1.
,+@
lirn \*-*,,"(+))E as *"I+ f G): e -t/r, (n * 0)
0 (c:0)
(a) E.Elfg aqE "l+sll^l /'(0)g c6'IE. .
52. f
= "J+<l B++-l.
6}zl. lim,
-,f G): sol-tr
/E E= 419 g*fzl =46|-z R ql^l cel

a
(b)
lim,-, g(r): -9 41, 4-3ol CB*g trq+.
Eg Eq?+. lflg: Hzl +lBHsE +6J i++
lim {/(r)}e(o) - o
p,(c)e1. *ol olu C+ k"ol gzllfl^J sE

"lag 0- Eol *t$"l olHg trq=+. r * 0"ll,rl /(")(r):p.(r)lG)lrn"zl CBtlg

s3. .f'= ¤+olr f (2):0olq /'(2):79 q, q+ <f EqE.]
g
,*P
-
PC
;.Iol+. "
" il+ /= +g!+ zJol {elafz}.
다

*
EEut.
l' [;
않으
5 rt'l: {l; Si
oql^l 9+fl9 =
54. ael be-l qtr <i"ll 46il trIgol &?lz|? (a) lzl u-q4.
(b) /el :.4eglr.l d (0, l)g 6J4 qq H +Ell6ll^l

b
r'g(j3 *'*\):o l7llql^J trlE 7l+.6JzlE rHg E4 a^I6lel.
%
f zloql^-l trl+ Ezl-tsE.g ts.q+. ol ^td4
=
-

2
(c)
5s. ,f'7I ts+"J q, eultsE Bzlg ol*allrJ 4¤."1 (b)q^l rellEoll L+4+= ¤tlg HIE ¤B
cBtlg trq+. 61?+.

Gil 7[LJ qoJ

(a) 949 EI++ F9.oJzI? rqsE trr "Jq.J i+ 2. (a) e E *aJe-E _*.¤6Iq.
+E q"JB f ?lEzI? (b) 4+ trl-l7ql zlt)t\zl cEl.J e 9 3t&¤ ,*"lr|.
(b) g4.J .J+ /E qB+ /-'g qEril CE4E (c) zlt zl+ il+ y: e'&
"lE 4etlq^J +E zl+
zl? l4 r4ue+q /-'E rrllsE qBril E tlf s - a'll4 trJ zi+ olfr F9."Jzl?
^l-851.b
-g + ilEzl? (d) zI¤ e:r B# y:rnr$ "lE 4Etl.]l^l +E
(c) f tl gql"J t}+ol.a f '(f- t1";) * og q, gr B+ y:losoril4 4 zI? ol+
^f¤-61+
(J-')'G)q r16J +^lg *ot4. +fl.J71?
=
212 . 43ef elg+

t,
3. (a) zlE zlf *f /(r): e" 4 Cqq4 ilqg + / \
\e/ g:srn -l r (f) g:
"o"-
s..JzI? (s) y:tan-1r (h) y: sinhr
(b) zl¤ er B+ fG): lnr9 AEqr+ ilqe (i) y:coshr (i) y: tanhz
FT,'JZ}? (k) g: sinh- 1r (l) y: cosh- rr
(c) olfl B+EE r4g ri"l9 +4lE *q,"Jzt? (m) u:tanh- lc
ol r4-s!$ gg +s. BEql ¤o e rq4.
(a) azl "J+"lI a#loJ ull, log"r$ lnz9 4.1o 7. (a) zI¤ 6z| Hzlg s.¤61= "lB "Jc4g ,^l+.
tr E¤61+. olE ,tq ?7F$g ol$all,{ ¤86}+.
(b) q¤ *qlql^J olae ,I4l + +7lql qt zJe
4. (a) q^I"J *f /(r): sin-'cts 984 Ael6l.= r} EBoJTI?
zI? olE AEq+ +E"J7t?
^lqe 1rts (c)
"l Blcrlel 4= Fg,elzP
(b) qa^|"J Bf /("): cos -
"tBrll tel6i= 8. EEIBE E4e +tg EFalEz}?
zI? olE ¤elqa} ilqe *$."JzI?
(a)
(b) r - aoJ 4 /(r) -+ golL g(r) --- o" ol{, +
(c) gttlE Bf /(c): tan-'rE "i94 CE6l-=
zI? olE AEq$ zlqg *!"JzI? "19 r4
f(r)g(")E +,Jg trulBE H4g o1¤-6il^j q
u= fa+. B4 +e f 9ltsz}?
(c) r - ao) 4 /(r) oltr SG) -- oo ol{, i}
----+ oo

f(x)-s(,)9 +tlg gEIBE ts4e "l*6ll^l

5. rr*+C Sf sinhr, coshr, tanhc9 C9E 44.
qB4 *g + ?lizt?
6. +g tI+E EB+= 96t4. (d) x,---- aoJ 4 /(r) ---, 0olJ. sG)--- 0olE, q
(a) U: e' (b) A: a' i/("))c(')E +qlg EqBq Bzlg- 0l+611^l
(c) y:lnr (d) g:logox qBril *g + ?lEzI?

3+A ox e4l
trl-g g4lel {r"+ aAg *E6I+. &"18, oJ+= r to. *(10'): *10'- I
dB61at 4,lolB, ol+= r
¤B6Irl+ HHI= Eq?+.
1. Celqol R oJ /zI 949"1H /-'(/(6)):6o14. r. fi0"10): +
2. Celqol R oJ f zl "J.Igola EIE 7l-b6lE,
(/-')'(o) : r//'(o) ol4. 12. s:e3"el qBfE g:
Ifocol4
3. E+ fG): cosr (- nlz < r < rlZ)Z g4g"l4.
4. tan- '(- t) : 3n l4 13. cos-'r: L

COS U

5. 0< a< bolB, Ino( lnbol4. sin- 1r

14. tan- r't: -----
6. oG -
"JFtno
7. fl4lL+ e'9E-'l-ts + ?Itrt. ;= > ,orEl
'; "- ;; ":hc
8. o)0olA b>0oJ Q, h(a+b):lno*lnbol4. tan z sec2x
16. hm .-: Ilm Sln' oo
9. r ) ooJ q, (lnr)6:6lnzol4' L
,-n- COSS - ,-tr-
-:
 3=e.213

Gil EA E4I

1. *+ /E rqsT} ol4 rBr+ Ag "]|, /E "J'flg 13-16. c"ll 4fl E+g %14^19 Eq+.
9j.zl? ol+E ¤B6l+. 13. (a) e':5 (u) lnx:2
14. (a) e"' :2 (b) tan-tr: L

15. (a) h(r * r) + tn(r - 1): t (u)loes(c'): d

16. (a) m(t + (b) sine : 0.3

x "-'):3
17-43. +gg trlB6i4
A: ln(rlnc) 18. Y: e*'cos nt
2. gA :4sb or4e+ A+. 17.
l/z
(a) gts 9l "J4"J"Jzi? P.u:? 20. y: lnsecc
(b) e-'(z)9 Ag qB4+. Y: rcos-lo
21. A: J"rrt""" 22.
(c) g-'el 4qqg otB6}e+.
(d) e-'9 .z4gE fq4. 8. lQ): tzlnt 24. g1)::iL-feot
,

t s
25. y- 3'ln' 26. y: (gos z)'
27. A:zsinh(22) 28. reu - ysinr
I
29. h(o): 30. y: (arcsin2z)2
"ttn2o
0l I
31. g: Insinc- *sin2r 32. y - l6tanrd
33. Y:logs0+Zr) 34. Y: e@sc + cos (e')

3. f zl oJqoJ"lr f(7):3olq /'(7):89 41,

35y:ff#t 36. g: sin- 1(e')

@) f- '(s)al (b) (/-')'(s)¤ *ot4. 37. A: ttan-

r(4t) 3g.y:a..ffi;
v: arctau(arcsin r,6)
a. fb):#q q*+E *"t4. 39. Y: ln(cosh3c)
41. A:cosh-t(sinhs)
40.
42. Y: stanh- | tG
y: (, @)
I++el zll*4"J :- 43. cos
s-s. 4l4l7lE ^l¤-6}zl Bl, c]^-9

4sE rqe+. 44. 4+g Eq+.

5. A:5"-1 6. y: -e-a
7.
9.
y: - Inr
g: 2atctanr
8. Y: h(u - 1)
*(+tan-'Iu *|,"ff):r-b
10. a>19 ql, x4 <lql qq *+ Y:to, 45-48. f'Z s' el 4gs +EI'Ie+.
=
a : a, , y: togoaE A +ql^J 7l* z 44 zl* a5. lG)- 46. /(r): g(e")
+e ae *{"Jzt? "eG)
a7. IG): lnlg(r)l ae. lG): s(lnr)

11-12. El-g
^lE 4+t ag a.t+. 49-50. ,f(")(r)= *"I4
ll. (a) (b) logro2S * log,r4
"2rn3 4e. !G):2', 50. /(r): ln(2r)
12. (a) lnen (b) tan(arcsin*)
 214 . 11138 e{B+

51. /(r): re'oJ EI f(")("): (r*z)e'flg +EI4 se' c(t)* B+ql +Et E*E lrE+r alx[. -$ol
fltsEg 0l+6ll^l ts.qE}. E*¤ tsI=E q, c(r)E e^¤e r ^lzlql Ld.oi?l
"Jql Hlql*+. lel=e C'(t): -kc(t)
y: rtnrql q'J dCE %IC4 =.++e-l
").ll^l +d
52.4 G, 7I dfl6l-=cll, 9zl,rl oJ+ frE E+el 2lE A+4
I *ole*. oJ4.
(a) rl4 r:091^J9 tEE co"l4 El q, \zl t
s3. +d ,: {ln(r+4)}29 ol: Aql^lel dC"l f "ll^Jel }.EE *"I4.
Erd"JzI? (b) Eol 30^l+ F.J E*E e}g u]l=ti+ts, E+
9 goz,E- ts}|=o}E E{ A?-l=
^ltg *ot4.
EEuo. f(*):re'i"' "J 41. .f'(r)E rtot+. f s+ f' 9 :24
sE Ag 3IlH"ll rell ¤8614. 60. 80CE Eae aE-{g 20C-e- #zlgl il= B}
"Jql BflE|. 308 Hq aE{ol ooCz} *4.
55. (a) zld r-4y:1ql BB"J +d y:e'q 4q1 (a) so$ol rl zltl Fl a=fl.e] gEE E"I?Izl?
dCel *C4e *ot4. (b) txll :aE{ol 40'c7l g=z}?
(b) gdg zlLl= 4d y: e"oll 4{} ddel H}a
61-76. +-g +*g *ot4,
49 *"14.
61. lim tan- t (t/*) 62. lim
r-0| E+@ "'- "
s6.
^ll
.JE {'f qfll b > aB trll, ¤+ C(r)
a, b, Kci1l
63. 1i- - s)
64. lim arctan(r'- r)
: K(e-o'- e- ")g ¤+q +.JeI E+q ^14 t r+3- "z/(r ,+@
.ll,rl9 5="il 4EI -e.¤ "-e 65. lim ln(sinhr) 66. lim e-'sinc
^l^+tE+. r-0+ ,+@
(a) lim ,-* C(t): o 99 Bq 4.
'l )-.)z \r
(b) E+ol EIE ++q^J
^Izl^l= Hffio.1 5"1r; 67. lim¤
,-*7-2" 68. lim 1+a
T l
E +oI+.
J

or
1.1 o1 {ffig tx-ll 0 oJ7I-? 6s. lim -1 tan4x,
,..0 tanC "' l'* r+r'i"2,
il-sql 2007HE en"-L-4,
57. EEllzlo| ullolzlql
^]ls7l ?lEcjl, 71. lim ,I 2
t2. IIITIen'-l-4,
,
6zF&3 dill 4ls +ql Hlql+E|. 308 Hql ^-tlE s+0 a+@ f

+zI 36oe-s +7I*,E1. 73. lim (r2 - 13) e2' 74. lim (c-zr)cscr
(a) ,rlt +l EEl4"l9 fE *"Iet. t+fi

75. lim lr
1\
(u) arl{ fl EEil4oI9 +E *oI4.
x-l* \r-l
- lnrl 76.z-(rlimz)' (tanr)"""'
(c) arlt fl9 6zF8¤ *ot4. /

^lls += tzjl 10000q1

(d) Eg6f=7[?
Tt. fb): lnz*tarr-'rB oll, (l-')'("/+)E *"1+,
58. age 609 HlzJzlE s.24LJol4.
7s. trl+¤ Eq4.
(a) 100mgel ,(ltrz} 208 Flql B= e%Ig e.I"+.
(u) toomgel ,rlez[ lmgo-E +r]6]+ Ell AqE
cos I arctan{s in(arc cotr)} ] : F+r
^l+g *o14. Y7*,
 4.5 r{4s} ?rll t 247

. 1 2x108 63. /(z) : s-c/t2 6a. /("): In(r2 + c)

60. /ir ):'-*XT- 4
65. /(r): cz * sinrc

ffier-os. cz\ H{}oll tr}+ /9 r4uzl. B6l-='JHg ¤ - +'$+¤ e

'n+"2 t\izl cEg
*z-E
E6l+. E z119 r?4sg rq^J, *q! *" #; Ett 111 /-(."1,: Hzl' H+d 9 H}¤ trllel c9 &.g
Bg ql^16}4. +61, cz| H*q tr14 +{ig +16l+ + ^t6}7}'
e+ H+eol olt.slE %IHg a^l6llo}'J4. *c9 zl
aa44' P zll9 r4sE rq^J' qts B4zI 4
E}LJ + gl=xl goll-zl. "J4l+9 zll#zl Hi¤ trll
gzloJ ¤4zl Htg trIE
"9 tlE *"to} +4.
9 c9 E +E <tol ll4' *olU ^l¤g +E6lE'
Gl. /(, ): r/*\.r' o2. f(r):x'+",

1,5 al4Et E4l

ol{ Aql^J $olts fl*<14 4*<fg *= %IBe v*3 E"t"il d.$zls-

e g+5|4. rlgzlE Hl+g i{aE}6}r. ole]g 4q+6}71 H}*4. {fl2}
olt 4l4.EI6Izl tst*E}. 41tr"I9 %++ g?-lql
"l4,tl, Hg ^lA
= ^lrJg
ol zI* 44\ 44= AtrE 4=+. olH ¤4 +g ¤ql^l= Hol, Pul, "l
qg 4ltrilsl6}a 4e-1, Hl¤-g
=l4E+6I= E^llE flAoJq.
olH ¤*4"J E4lE 4eB
^lt, q, 96l TrtI qqe +48 E4l dl+g 4l
qsl E= 4l4EI6IqE EI+= 'gagtoe.al +El4"J 4lz1+ 5x1l-e E*
g+
^l7l= 4col4. 4++ ee *4501
E¤.ol ?Itr}.

8l4El'5xil9 Eol E4l

1. Erllol ol6ll ar(ll +41= +4lE E+6}rll "16llB ullz}xl E^16}
^11d6}41
aol4. Ee= ag +9."J7n +q4l oJg #9,t1zl? +qd 4d9_
=
*9.elzl?
2. azJ ql+Be-l E4lql^j fBg rEla r rBql +q4l "J+ s
=tl7l
oJg
-q= E^161ts E¤-ol 9r+.
3. TlEo.l Eg sl.liE} E.E 3,lan}6tq= "Jq Tlnz tr'J'*+. (qzl't]E
ol3 eq 6}zt.) IL, EaE 4E "#g +l+ 7ln(o, b, c, ...s n, y)E d
q6}-r-, olfl zlg.E feql .E^lst7,l. HolE /, +olts h,
^lag re+
aol oJ^l4t q?-l=zl-=
"l+6}ts Eg"l ¤tr|.
4. AE B4 3E tr+E 7\i + g+E sB6IzI.
5. E4 aoll,rl Q7l + z|| oltlE H+E ++e s.dqE, +q{ CBE "l
+6ll^J olfl H+ ^Iolg (%Id^lel BElltr.) +4lE *ot4. relr. olfl
%'-e^lg ol*6ll^J 8q q6J ^lq^l E+ + aJ zilE zllel{} +qzlE E-
+ iA6IaI. rqg g= o} ,llE H+ roll *'* q++, ol=qlB O:/(r)
tr. E¤gtr|. ol El+E aEqg rq4.
248 . xil48 olEol gB

6. 4.1e4 4.3eel *tsg olgEl^l /e-l aE<t E= 3l*<tg *=+.

61, /e-l 99901 g".J +,JolE, a.rge1 gf, +rJ %ltsg =
"l+g + ilr}.

V
Dn aopl1200moJ
6 =Elal=
tr + ?l= rtle= 41 9l= E+71.^ldo
?J710lil
ts ?1= EElal= ilel_r. El+. e+ql= EElal
^l^I4E tsoil
-e.
E ts "Je.zl fltl. gE1qe oilquF= + 91= H0l7l 7t1t r.l^l4= tse.l
+4= *o[el. =
Hl ol E4lql^l +EI9 + 9l: t[+g oJotezl +]6il^i, H ztzl 5Ee} a+
E a^f6llts_zl. (ztlzl 4+EIzl= e*9 :B 1g 1200 -9 &4alE 9l
9_l/rF= .tll zfzl zl-ts{} BJBS E{=r}.

'Jol: tOtt ' 1000: 100000m2 H"l:aoo . 400: 160000m2 H ol: 500 . 200 : 100000m2
-1al
JEI
r

ululz| zlr aolE e4l 6}rl+ qH]TI 3r aolE zlrll B ull .dolzt
tr44qe zl"Id¤ "J + fltrI. olfl aE +rJA"J Belql^l 7I+ H
=
"lzl- 448 {eE tr"JtrI-.
:.8 2E "J"J4"J A+E q^lt+. 4^I4¤E Hol -48 44+614
/=. trtgr+ ztol 14 ug *.¤gE+.
^ls.e.
A: r,!J

A= * t zll9 U+E EL+s s¤6}r. d o o-8, uZ xE +{t.ilq ol

a-al 2 E olE glsil gEl"]q d4 7Jol7l 1200m4E: +qd ats-E
^a6IzI.
ol$alz|. l4oE 43"1 dB.Jtrl.
2r*Y:1200
ol o-e.+d a:1200 - 2rE ?Erll, ol"ll ul4 4*ol dB"J+.
^l
A : x(7zoo - 2r): t2oor - 2r2
r > 0ol-r. r < t2ooolol"F 6J+. (r+zl ?*gE A<oolE+.) :rels
e 3l'llEI6Iq: B++ +$4 a+.
A(t):l20or-2r2 (0 <, < 600)
E*+= A' (r): 1200 - 4r ol E E, g al+E *sq E q¤- %la 4¤- E
H ¤4.
1200 - 4r :0
 4.5 4l4El Exll . 249

J':3009 E=+. /E 3lE(}e "J4l+ EE +,J9 ¤Aq^J +El*

r+. ,4(0):0oltr ,4(300):180000o1q ,4(600): solsg, Efl +A
%lBq q7} 41Ae .4(300):180000014.
t+E *Bse, EE rql ql4 A"(r)- - 4 < 0g q.oJg f 9'14. :
*ls.e .4= t4ll+ +lE E¤6.Ia x:300q1^j9 +*ag 4q<lolE+.]
tr|E^l zl^Iz+¤ B9 uJulzl- 300moll zlolz| 600mololo} t+. I

CEl?| fl7l5 EgE ,.!p u,E 4+E .JE + ?Itr;. olil ,"!= 4^t6t7l +l
et e+e.l HIE= 5.14e+dts +49 *olel.
EO zg s+ rJol EBg f?]zl {zl,rJ re. "Jts9 qfzl$oll. hi $olo1
+. (++l= Ei cmolQ.) ++E Hl*¤ 414+6171 9611^JE flzlE9 h

¤Hol("Jts4 flH "t gE.el Hol9 tDE 314+6llot ttr|. rB 4s+

El gBE EoJ'g TIse+ 2rral hql 4^I4Bolr|. :.elEe AH
^jls7t
oli. trl¤.r+ aE+.
-ral e
A:2rr2 * 2trrh
Jdg

hE 4^716171 916ll^l *ulz} 1L, + toOOcm3ol4E

^}¤g
ol$olz[.
ol= +¤¤ *El+. 2zr----*,

f4o-e.h:1000/(rrz)o1itr. olE .4q qrt

nr'h: looo

{"J6IE trlgl}
G
,tc+. ^lql h

A : 2trr2 * z"r(#):
++^1 3l^+614= E|+= +94 A4.
,nr, + 2ooo
O
\Aol 27rl Hol 2Trh

(">o) f.B 4
A(r): 2rr2 +
ry
"J 4l+E *zl 9lrll, trt+4 zJol ul$afz|.
.
A \r) : 4trr
2000
- -7- :
A("., - SOO)

,'
:r-qg-" 7rr3 : b009 rll ,4'(r): gol-Etr, +"JE! oJ4l+= r: l/i}Ofi
"lrl.
/E 8E9ol (0, oo)olt,g, gdE9 r-q6'J -E-71 1el EBg ol+ v

B + S,4. :zBxl"J r< \/500r;9 4l ,4',(r)< oola ,> 1/soo6

"J4l+el g+ql flE EE f rolJ,tJ a^6}
o3 { ,4'(r)> 0olE.e'. AY
1000 v: Alr)
I- sE+ql fl: sE + roll,r.l izlql+. :aelE-s r: {/sooE-ql,rl
HIE^I fl*Ag fl6JE+.
t+E %IHqE, r- 0+ "J oI a(r) - oo ol-tr r---+ oo I oil a(") - ""
ol o-E. 4+fi a(r)ol Hls.r1 rA.g 'J4+q +4Br+. r l0
=461+Ell,
H 5¤ E+.1 -ral E
250 r xJl48 olEel gE

,: 6o6li ql q+6F= h: trt*rl aE|.

h_
rt- 1000 _ 1oo0 : r.11 5N :2,.
nS - "Y r
"lSgolrYli-
trI+^J zJ9 zllzl Bl+g Bl^+4qE H}zl+g 1/500f; = 5.42cmol
r tol= uJzlE9 + Ell, t 4B4 zJolo| a;!Q. t

dr 1.3l+<tg qoJsITl gloll tszl 2ql^l ol+6J bHe (+4<l Eb +

*#ql"J zl+gE) "J4l Et}+ scHE E¤"14. $-9-e *a;lzl
+16|| El-¤-!t ,Jol CE{}+.
_l

Exll a.I,J.a*,JE *= g4l EB+ EtrH "E Ttoll^J {el$ ¤+ EI

{C zllE f tltsrll,
+ /E 94lf4r alz}.
(a) s<""J 4l l'G)>0olr r>coJ 4 /'(")<oolB,
/(c)E /9 alH,<I"]4.
(b) s <
""J 4l f'G)
< 0olr r) c9 oll /'(z) > 0o1ts,
/(c)E /9 4**o14.

dt z. al4s| E4= +ts E triE %r'He gB+E trlBBg ol+6h= a

ol4. ol %IHg ql^l6lzl +16|| ts-71 2E trl^l 494 rJol ^J46lzt.
+Ae *C^lql^l
=gtE+.
A : 2nr2 * 2nrh, nr2h: loo

relL} hE i46l^l ?*r, g*+9 "lBBos + *A4g r.ll *

r++4 ,Jol "lBoJ4.
6ll
A' : 4nr * 2trrh' * 2trh, rr2h' + 2nrh: 0
"J4l+ql^l 4*atol t.144ge, A':0ol+ +sE +¤¤ E=trI.
2r * h* rh' :0, 2h* rh' : 0
+ 4H zr - tu- 0, +- h. :2r& g=q.
^lg
) 2차때 이차곡선 복습
o (1,41
y':2x
EqV E (t,4)e+E1 7tB 7l7tle sEd 'y2:2rel E= *ola[
d ffi a (t, +)e| tl (r,,:v) rl."l9 44= 4¤-+ er+.
(r,.v)
d-
- 1) + Q- a)'
(r,
t234 I
(rB 69 tr4.) rflEll G, il7| EECq d"lE *: a'l2oJs-e., doll
비르 X qe4 zJol ¤4.
'llrt} 4e
d최가
f.al 6 ( 1141 tl:
$,; -r)'+ (u- a)'
d ipF
=
-4 R
d를 ( 세로 y -
시K

= [ 2y 1주 (y -
4)
2

정
2
리L
3
Y 2y 2
y 8
↓
- -

ddy- =
21 zyz - yt2 y - 41= y로 임 y=
2 일때 d '
이 최대
 4.5 Arlet E{l t 251

(4= "&He.E a: \D;E q.Joll^l d.3 r,JE 4eE +EI.3 + 9l

+.) dE sldElu}^l ?+r, ole] 4lE"J !^+6tz|
d2 : r(y):(*r,_ ,)'* e_ a),

(dE 4*&g a'E 4*<t4 ae dql^J *4421"J, a'g q+zl\ q

d += ^Id¤- q"Jstz}.) "lE;lE +g¤ E:tr+.
f'Q): r(ir'- ,), +z(a-4): v3 - 8

_a4o-=. y:2o) o|| <2"J 4l /'(y)< 0olr y> 2r!l

/'(y):0o14. y
trlt f'Q)> 00lEs, 44<t . 4l+Ag *E "J4l EEI+ +CHql el6ll
a :2.J trI 4*it"l ul4t4. (sE= E^llE zlalal4 +c
q+ql ,it}
B d"l "t,14 zlzt zlzl& dol ExlltE+r rJ+61 "JB + ?l+.) q+
rl-E rel <Ig r:a212:2014. trI+^J (r, a)ql 7l+ zlzt& y2:zr
ql flE de (2, z)o14. r
V
E9E|:d LlHl7f 3kmol_rL E4 6ets AE 80il ?l= .40lll1
탸

utlE 98r.^lBrol
ALJE xlE B0ll 7l'B-J EI ^lE
8km ofatl0l ?Its Eal s=tal
(ral 7E -Hel.) rts ullE xlol eE +ute 7lEEal xlg cDlxl
=0ll^1
4-r. etEl.
a q30il H)lxl Hqe * ?lz, B77t^l ^.|tr utl= x10le +E ?,leq, c\ 3km trns
,B /.tolol \lE DDlxl Hfl= xlolrJ trl'3011 BDlxl flqe +E 91trt. r= u}|e 3
c
E 6km,/hE, +lol^'l= 8km/hE g + flE ttll, 7F=Et El Eal .B0ll E4t6t7l
A

+.16l| ZLIE LllaloF -g rlEE lotat. (rJEE +Ets 0l utlE r1 루이나 각

~ ~
=oll
olTl= +Eoll Hl6tl +^lg + 9lE Ssalr 7t8ettrl.) ^lHol km 에
D
EO "E Cs+q Dvl^le+ 44el 6iE, Hqa ,lel= lDBl:8-c ola
8km
qEla4^E A4q 9oil ullE zlqe ,14= lADl:
+B *^l¤ ol+oJ+.
'[r\s "|4. 남x

^l,.t:+ fa B

galzp 4 EE (8 - r)/8 6kmln

rel ^lag tE + g taola
o e ts}l= zJqzlE
olcl. oloil q4 r"ll +6J 7= El+4 rJtrI. 런8
iI+E^J d4l ^lrJ
-ral
JE' 7

Tz
ml \_ t/r'*9
,

-,-8-,

평더
l\'tr): - g

많은따이러배
6
ol rel {e]qg [0,8]"14. r:09 ull ullE zlol Cnlzl zlt,

.
최
=I+ rll U||E zlol Bztlzl t4. 79 rga5 Elg+ A+.
r:89
T'(r\:--+-!
.- 제네 -

-
at/* +g 8
닌
:1Bloe. r > 0ol+=
^Idg
ol¤-6lE +¤¤ E=+. 41 = 3
조주이 = 옵
 252 ! rll4g olEE SE

T'(r):o <+ e 4r:3Jm

ffi:*
<+ 1612 : g(r2 + g) (+ Txz :8L
g
v &-
A __
J7
+"JsJ g4l++ r:e/ fi"14. *l*at"l ol "J4l+ E= Cqq
lo, al9 Ee{^i *44Ezl go}ts-zl +lql^'1, trl^gr+ a"l ^'ll
dq^l
y =T(x) r4 <k* *zl
7(o): t.5,
4#):1* -fr-= 1.s3, z(a):
+= 1.42

Zel old a +ql^l 7l* 4+ L9 c:gl fi") Elt +4+se, TE

24 6x 4*{tg HIE^I ol +q^l 11.4ts+. rB sg rel f4lFE :z{,r] o1

.f.al 8 C a+= +"J^14

=c+.
tr|4^l ol "I4+9-E- sl \fikm= 3.4km Eol
^IBg =tsdes+q
t! zldg dul¤ *t4zl B||E 4qz}"t oJ+. I
V
EUtr u^Eol r?l uflqr Lt|Eg + ?Its 7Ef 4^t4BE Hot= eoEt.
=
EUII Hlgg +col fld'J I ,'+ a2 : el +l+ tlol4a slzl. rBlB
12

v 최적화 'qld'e :B goll +4U qlg 4^t4Bg F 41ldol BJgql fla + q

1주Y를 R lde r 4oll 9i¤¤ **+'
(r, y)E al r,rt+ts"il ilE qleole| olz|. relts zl^t4BE F E
.v)
9 ?"lE 2r\ yola-, Hol= +¤.!+ ar+.
0 rX A:2r,y
1al
JEV
o aZ aAt;lt I +14^1, G, a)zl fl. r) * a' : "2q1 ?Jo o e y: tF -?
ol+= ol.$olz|. :r-ElE 4-gg EbEl.
SIxF 2
Ny =
= 2 2 XIFE
2N ( IFx F 고 ^I¤g
A:2r,/P _J
"= 라에러레
뒤
라페
*
< z < roltr, EB+=
,

ol {}+el Ae{qg +gr} eq.

메이냈다다
) 0
르 2N= O -
t,: __*+zr/rr_r, _ z(r':zt_)
n = NFI !r--r- Vr--r
; -
= Er *
=

E olAg 2r2:
"'"J
q, E(r > 0olE+) *--rl .'/2-sJq 0oltrL /(0):g
r oll ,4(r):golEg, ,:r/ O"J q,4E +.I*<tol +4U+. trl+^J
E는
2
1
=
에 4d6l-= 7l* zl^l4Bq H"lE r+er+ a+.
=
rsin0 ^\A)-',/rYr -T:': -'
A(-r:\:2-!-.,[7]
rcos 0
단위원 4S 4"14 6IzI. rfl{ ol {^t4¤9 H"lE trt.$q a4.
-l.al 10
 4.5 44cl Srjl r 253

A(0) : (Z r : r'(2 i n d cos d) : r2 sin 20

cos 0) (rs in 0) s

sin209 4EAg 1oln, ol!20:nlzg'[ +E]U+. relEe,4(0)

e-l rlEAtg r2ola, ol* A : r/4.J q .+Elttrl.
ol A4 B+ .5ol %LBe trltsg ol$olxJ ?*=+. ¤41E|, EIE 4E
I ol*E ¤s-zt S,4. I
OfB
eg4 a8|o[E gE
23eg !_zl 1oq4 +41 Hl¤.el TI]HS EEfltrI. c(x)zl HtE H+e
aol
"oll s't
qH 4r+ r*glE ^J&6I= Ell E= Hl+olB, El4l HlEg c tsl+ *+ cost function
g flalgol4. Hr+l "J6lE, +41 Hl+ EI+b Hl+ i++el EtI+ c'G) 6J4l Hl+ marginal cost
714 i++ price function
ol+.
+-e- s+ demand function
olzll SollE
^d46IzI.
rtglE g ql E.J + 91ts +
pG)E goll El.tlz| +"J B+ revenue function
glB z|4"l4 6IzL. ol4l pE 7t4 B+(E= +g. g+)+ 6l=ql, ol! rgl s4l +"J $* marginal revenue
*+ zJ+ *++r qltg + 9l+. ztglE gr ++l%I 7l4ol p(,)olB,
function
ol$ tI+ profit function
++oJe q*4 44. +41 ol$ *f marginal profit
function
R(r): ryb)
dzl,r-l aE+g A+?+ t}trt. +"J t++E Et++ .B'E -dll +g B+4
ol} Sr]|t +91 +.il +t +.Jel Hffiolr1.
6l-=Ell,
rt?lE 98, +olS9 4g+ er+.
P(r): RG)- Cb)
q7l^J pE olg -Bt+4 ++. Et4l ol8 at+= ol& i++q Eit+ P'olq.
qfl +41 43-48q1^j l'J4l Hl+.+"J . ol+ i++E 0l+6ll^l Hl+g *l^
rl6ra +"Jr| ol&g 4qlF+6I= +41= EqEq.

EEE! il 7l1l0ll^'1ts 71401 350'Ja1?l E+zllol El^= g+g

ga =eilololE
E^h= Ei6t|, +Ell^foll7tl 10gq4l trl EIE6tl= ttll
oll 2oor1.1u1 ?lq.
^let
ottrt "J+"JO| eoq1u1 trj e4= Efltrt. 7t4 :cr'+el +g trt+=
EJot|Etrlts
*otat. +E= gtrtu= 6ll+loF 0l 7t11ts +g= rlEtlglg + ?1ts7t?
EO ,E "J+"Jotl +,ilq= E+4ol q^=. ¤ellololE q++r tIE, "J+
oJql 2ooEltr+ El s"ll¤ ql+-= c - 200014. 7l4+e 10gel 448 zo

4zl. rl g.il+. :leloe. + ql= trl t"ll4qts, zt49 fix ro(gel)

44"I a|I oJql *4 zl4 B++ trIg4 44.
p(x):350 - i$t" - 2oo): 450 - +"
:1qr +oJ fl'+E +gt+ 44.
254 r rll4El olEe_l gE

R(r): rp(r): - *"'

45or

R'(r): 450 - r olEsl, x: 4SOg ull E'(r): 0o14. "J4 g*# t

4Bq q+ (EE ++61 .BE r4s7l +ls E+{} sECol+= ^}
d¤. +e4,cl) 19 ol *q^l 4*Ag +l.Jtri. Ell+6t= ,i4e qg
,+ 44.

p(aso): 450 - |tasol :225

rqr ¤¤ .-4+: 350 - 225:125 ol+. trl+^l TlAlE +.lg 4qEl
6171 9-16ll^1 1259q4 *Eoll"t tI4. I

G e{g E4l

ilol zsolr E-ol 3l'll"J + +E *= E4lE ^J4 8. Holz} 1000m2"J q EqlTl zl* zlg zl^I4eE
6lz}. +49 *"14.
(a) 4*4 z;-ol *E trJ5zl. ilg + ¤ql ?l: +
EE Bg 2sol+. ol soflrl +e+ + 9Ib 9. ++ E^llE ^J46Izi. z)olzl 300 moJ gEl4E a
¤ql +aoil,tl Ezll9 Bg qfl6ir}.
^[ + ?l= 4EE ,*r ?l= t'Pz| El^|48 %lq g
E|48 ilr, 4 Hql 868"J gElq= rllgl Hl zH9
N4t + E&l + =.
t:J

22
+4.+ ++qrt rJ4. ull +"-le-l H"l9 1}e 4ql
1 22
9uioJzi?
2 21 42
3 20 60
(a) ol t}+g ql^l6l-= E ztzl rBg :r4Erll,
ululz| zlfi zlo1zy 3 A+e+ ululzf =.r ?ol
(b) El¤¤ 0l+6ll^l EzllE
71 4e a+ ¤¤ EEL^Ivl^|. 4 ?*91 H.l
¤1, (a)9 B-r+ Hlr.6l+t
Bg *zI. +149 H"lzt ?19 4eE eol
e-l

2. 100olr g-ol ;laoJ + +E *oI4. E7I? ?ItrtB, r Ag qB6I4.

^l7l (b) SHI4"J t}+g ql^l6lE rBg r?-17f. 7lE
3. +ol 100ola tlol al+"J + +E *ot4. EoJ6}r rBql ol$ st,rlalz|.
= 6J¤.
(c) Hol9 *442|.
4. "J+ +ql^J a-aE q+e+E ilol zlt 4Ie ag ^l_e-_e.
(d) +qd atrE 0l+6l^l H+E¤ ¤+ ll= %I
*ot4. c4¤ ^ll+14.
(e) (d)E ol$ofl.<l Hol9 ql¤. oJ ,llel H+E {i+
5. -1 1r 12ql^l {c y:r*2e+ gi$d a:12
,lele-l 44ft9 B"toJzl-?
e LI+'H+.
^IolE Szl (f) +4le] EolE El+el ]ll, (a)"llrj qg"J B4
ul:zale|.
6. + .*.EC U:tz +1r+ A:r-z' rlolg ¤zl ,l
Elei 4+Ag $"t"JzI? 10. r+g +4lE ^846t7i". 'J HE z)olzl3 mQl 4^[4
7. EqlTl 100moJ 4l 'Jolzt 7l7j. Z zl^I4BE +4 Bel trlql^-l ril flF"l 44ee+El +rJg C^|.4
¤ *"t4. Bg e4..Hr. E^lelE ++q^l +Aol S.: tzl¤
 4 5 *.lqE E4 r 255

r}¤xL "lH {tz}9 Eol(*4)9 4q<tg *"F+. le. q! H9 zJ"lz} L"J 4+4Bql qld6l-= zl^I4¤
(a) old tl+g ql^16l*= H. 7l^l :r.Hg z4E'll, 6ql^l zl^I4Bq + Hol At4BE {L Eql +q
tol= 4rl "JEol a++ +ol7} rr. p$ol ileq Holzl. 7l* = aE +49 ;tolet.
ztg a+E s,il-^l7l^t. "]fl ,ld.zl B zlzl9 zo. HlzlEol loJ gq LId6Ir EHol zlE"J 7l*
Eol= *zI. 5"19 +14<t"l flg 4e-e eo1 =
EzI? r+qH : <l¤ qB6I4. ^Itr}qEE HolE *ol-4.
tlzlEol r"il 4daft olSH ¤4¤ +q^l .Jolzl
(b) .JHlal.J t}+g ql^l6}E :aBg:elz|. zlE 21.
EoJ6l-L rgq ol$ srlalzl. 7l* z aE +49 *"|4.
=
(ct EolE +44= 49 azl. zz, 4^l?+4 +ql^-l t H"l z49l *{?ll tr}E ++
(d) +qd c-BE ol$all,r.l E+# ¤+ A= %I
Ade c4 919 strd u:8-"'ql +qfleq
4^lg ^ll+14. 'Jolz} 7l* aE +4¤. *"t4.
(e) (d)E ol*El^J zll9 E+E ++s L+ =
4.ll+. =olE,tI 23. HlzlEol r"J 7"ll Llld6}= zlflzlF +ql^l +4
(f) Eglel EolE trl+E 7l.j1, (a)qlr] qHt B4 zl zl* aE +4¤. *"t4.
ullale|.
=
24. Elfl x2f a2 +y',lb', :1ql qld6lr. -J"lzI 7l.*
{^I4$g *"14. =
11. 12o0cm2e-l 4lee YrJol $.r "JE"l C^I4¤.J t
zl-E "J= trll,
^Jz}el Eole-l 4*ag g"loJz}?
25. t.er* +EE sole 4^I4B 9-lq Hlgg gel+
g Eoltri. (fqEE HlgE zlE+ 4^I4BE q
12. +4ol s.l "JEol c,rl4Bolq Hle+ Aq.) olfl +EE Efllz| 10mol nll, H¤ zI
=ol7}32000cm3oJ
dlzl-= "J=E+. ^l-&+ 4EE "#g 3l^F+6l.71 +loJ
at rlol Sol¤9 + ?l: +EE +49 '*"1"+.
^J;<t9 +4¤. *"t4.
26. "JEel Hlzlgol Tola golzt h"J zlggq qld6}
13. (a) HolTI ?J+ 4^17+B 6q^l EellT]- 7I+ zlg r ?slz} 7l* z zl+l7l+E +4¤. *oI4.
dol C,rI4B"Jg Bq+.
(b) EellTI te 444¤ +q^i H"lzt 7l* 4 27. zSolzl 10moJ e^F= + a4oe *tsbrll, 6t+E
ol A^I4899 _eqe1. = Bq^l a^l4B¤ "JEr +E aI+= +E^J: A
4.4qe "JE+. Hol9 Bol (a) 4qe+ (b) 4l^zt
14. +4ol fl= zl+Eal a4olLlg EolTI r0m3ol4. qE+ a^l¤ +i! 'JHg *otal.
EEel aol= LlElg + Hllolr+. "JEql gsel 4
za. tolzl 2mol Sol ts9 dEe+q 1m 894 ?li
-E-= l4lgElqql roBelolr, gEq gs-6J 4l-E
E lxll+ulEl"ll oBqol4. olfl aqoluj$ $EE xql aE!+ B4ss ^l il+. ^lHq ,!lsz ol $
Ell g.e-t 4EtslE 4*A¤- *ot4. g Hq aEE qq 7l'J + ?l= ^ItrI?;E aolE
3lA sulolzfz
15. 4C s:2r+3oll 9lb d +.ll^l geql zl$ zlTl 2e. flg E"JE ¤.E+ &¤- Hlzl+ol aql flB *"1
+ ag *"t4. a4ql^] +il|Eg gELHn + E^l?.] CAe+ CB
16. +C a:
',Gq 9= d 6ql^l d (s, o)"ll zlz} E Eq^l "JEtrI. old &e-l 44 EolE *ot4.
Tlvl+ Ag +oI+. A

rz. d (t, o)g-e+q zl* H Eifl 4* +a':44 4

I *o[4.
(r, r).e.+El zlz(L zltl& *c y:tanr9 d9
ffi 18. dEIEE 4+ Er4l zlQzll| Cq44l *"le}.
256 r lil4El olEe-l EiB

30. gs E.oJel ¤-E+ +ol &q 27cms4 ¤-g Bg L

E(u): or' '
+ ?ltrL 4lAE +ol7t gs+ r}g Holq EtsE
el4E¤ 4"I4. q7l^l aE Hlql d}fol4.
(a) E'E flAEl6I= ,9 {19 AA6}e}.
31. +ol7} hoJ zlggol $ofz| trq.l 4flgql LId6l (u) r'e-l r4sE rqq.
n ?l=Ell, oJ+q ggE +4dol HIA gg.el e
dl: o1 Al}E dfl4ss "J+flE+. Eu}4 ol5
H9l +C'tl +ql+. "J+ ggE +qE n: *, 6IE Er.7l= a+q +qBq sozo cJ mtE
g EI alql"Jg Bq4. +q-g-s e+E 4Aq 4ga+.
3s. gdel 4 ,Jg CS4zlF E"J"Jql, oI4 r-J4
32. oHl :4sE ol: 2ffi.i19 ¤.E. c(Llxl)
zJol t} + ¤e gq flr, +E + Eg ttsill 4
zl-F^Iel 44 uE {++s L}E}U^Bl*
aol+. xl+ql
= ThFqos, il*"il= + I olEq. EEe old ,*g +qd +rlq .I6H A
^J= ddol qel
Hls.gzl-q.tr-
Ezl ftzlt;]q c7l +i6Jq. rel+ r+q^l 'JolE sliE|6}.= %t4gs, "lql tr}+ 3l4E Eg
ulale-E olg ,J=trll
¤e rHlelol +7|-81+. ol zl^FilE A+ql ^l_3'6;= "Jl ?14. ola
=
u = SkmlhoJ trll t?)tl al^s H"Jtr|. :dsll ¤ %Iql Eil6J zzl pz| tse|¤-
=^l-.= Eoll 42144 EJ.el
g$gtr|b gleaq. Tldtqlql
e-9 E8¤9 A+ql alAEl"il"tg Ae ^lA'J i "JE ^Idol =
ul*"I olq+ kmB dHl"Jol+. "Ifl iHl*g c Aoll^1, e'Jol ,sz\ qgn+ ag¤ Eg + ?l+.
alr a121. r4sE "l+6ll^i G7l A*kg +16I= ,/T
+EE qg6}4.
,5: 6sh - f;szcoto
+ (,",
2
csc0

4zl,<l .q4B H9 zJol s 4 5ol h= t+ol+.

(a) dsld0E
^J6I4.
(b) ¤Eol +0l-6}* 49 *t"JzI?
(c) *9 4Hol9 4+Ag (s4 hsl 4ss) aC
6IeI.
0 40 80 v E:r.: g4q1\ 0 9 azlE dxlls +41t:Eil,
z+
:afl 49 c+ {t4 2"8tr} ztolE 49
33. zjolol As"J zltJTlE.ll+ 46J"1 r$olL d"J"l ?*9t+
=
'lzl
2:EE"J ddzl.ll ¤At'J q, e.l+ z.|t'*zlql^J dq +E^ll
%IE 5i+ z+0
(e+E)g +94 a+.
E'R )-
'o- (R+ r)' -]- I

E$ ,rol acqq fl-z Ro1 E6J trll, dqE 4E t,n

<t¤ BpIg-tzI? I

34. Eql '1]4 tr"Ell 44 uE ql$zl} Eazlzl E9 alzJ

ql aHl6l^= "lluJzlE ,'ql colql6Jq. alrle| olE s Hl.ol
d- oI_4.
r-r
olf $Lzli CElld ,le.l$ 6119il} rll p]tilJ foll
HzlE a{4}+6}EJ. }.q.J+r "Jl gl4. 49ol " 36. 6J uflz| e$ 2^lql ++E r]{ 20km/hel $q o
(, < ,) oJ 6ll+= qlgil= EaflTl LE 44 E B4o-e.6}6ll6'J+. += El|= ti4 BJ6-Joe 15
']+el
E qlgilE Ejl aaH ^lrJg Ll6- u)oll ol 4E km/h9 +q-9-e 6JEll6]l^J r ++oll e+ 3^lq E
6llgil= r1l p-o-q! +qlLjzl u'= +q-rl Ar+. +ttrI. + EllTI .rJe zttrt zlt4& *oi4.
= ^l4g
 +.s d44 E8l . 257

37. *¤g Eillq El+f;.g r]lE HE "JzlE "}gq H 44. (a) o1$ p(z)rt 414"J q, +41 +"Jol .J4l Hl+
9 ;.llzl.ll 4Hl4l6}-r. *geE+qE aelel zil$oll 4 A¤¤ E-q4.
t
ㅡ
uJul4lEI4. am Bol4?lb + ,Jflol ?lEcll, (a) C(x): - L.6r2 + 0.00423 ol ul
16000 * 500r
+¤E Hg ^ll7lE +E aE 4l +
tsHol+. ExllE + ¤+olr. p(x):t7oo-7rzl 714 B+g
xl¤ ^Iolql :faE¤ 9!= rdB"ll +-g 'il, qE EI 41, "l#9 ++g 314+q-= ^8^I *"14.
7l= fl4EI6I= +lzl$ *oI4.
4s. 6J o}+Hol 550008e1 +++ +¤-6t= oF+tlql
38. HI;<lEol 3kmoJ gB g+e1 ¤"Jql fli zld z ^J ^lB¤- "Jtfl9 zl4"l 10gEg q, B
,tltrl.
ql 6J gl='jl , Az ul+E zl+el HJEII¤ + ++g 270008"14. .J+flq 7l4g 8Bele
^tHrol *+8, Bt S+ol B3ooo*ee 6zlt4.
g-Jq 9l= zld C"il zl-tsE} tI 94 EE-6Iejr.
(a) dBolQ zl-zJala, 714 E++E *"I4.
tlcl. z= 6km/h9 44 o e fla- 2km/hel +qs
(b) +oJg alqlslalqfl, oJelAE 714& $"tE-
-E EllE 4qA + il+. r= olBrll u}"tzl."t !*zI?
c6110} 6l-=7I?

46. qEql Etlqts +aolE ElEq 4Eql^l g9ttrI. zl

C
,J qE.il 4¤olg 714¤ l0Bel.e cip=rll, aI
A
+ql B+ 2071\A g*q. 714+ lgel gzlB, 6I
*91 zzHE E g9ttrI.
(a) CBole| z|{a}a, 714 {}+E *o}4.
(b) {} 7}l9 +aolE "Jg= x}leulz} 6Bel"J trll,
se. A (s, s)E zlL+= 4C +ql^-t 41 1^lBtso.e+el
,lZl zJ.g Hol9 gqg e4q: ae.l %lC49 + "l+g al4sl6}7l +le} S,ll 714+ Eul-?lz|?
"te+.
47. ¤I 4la El^tE 4soBelalel tsqlHld¤- 'J+"Jql
1000q4 S,llfl+. ^lT a^toll trisQ, +,}|zlql
40. +41 a:L*40x3- 3rt9 d 64^l r dql^lE ,ll toBel4 q +gqe 4rt4 "J+"Jq looqal
d,ii$ 7l&717I 4q"J 49 *"14. q *'ilfl.tr}.
(a) zl4 t++E *ot+.
41. +4-l y:Jf r 9 drJ"l rllr^tgBql 9rll Bfl zI (b) +"Jg 3l.lls+6}BlE, El^I: +Ellzl"ll4 g"lE
fi' f,}e d$fl polE *"].4. +B6ll+101 61ts71?
(c) "J?"J9 ul$ oJfz| C(r):68000+15029
42. s.E-d a:4- r'E dd"l xll t^|-$$oll el6ll efl q, 4la s.l^|: ol+¤ 4.lqEl6}7l fl6ll +Bel
d$ol BIE.J zl4 ,$4¤E .Jol= al^ ButoJz}r aTlz grte a4ot 6IE7t?

43. (a) cG)zl'J tl+g "tr91 ^J4I6I= Hl*"J trll, 48. 100iHE olirlq S"].J.$ Aijg fa|| ¤4lz} soo
+fl'* BE HlEe c(r): CG)lrol4. ¤+ gel"J trll sE &4= ^I¤g gr 9l+.
olE+Ezl
Bl+ol a.l^"J trll tJ4l ul+ol r Bt Hl+4 a^lql q=.tr, g+4ee g^llE 10944
^14;
a+g Eq4. 9B 41"14 olirlEzl a-J i]|4 9 E 4"14r tlq.
(b) c(r):16000 * 200r + 4x3/2 (gal)g *il, (i) +"Jg ElqlEr6}qE ¤,tllE puls 6lio} 6LE7I?

1000*flel ^8& ++q^l Hl+, Bt Hl+, t 49. ae| b:-"J+olr+. d (r, a)E zl*E 4C +ql^J
4l Hl++ (ii) Bt Hl+g 3l^sl6'l= ^J^l + 41 1^IBts"il ej4 g4E c+q 7Jol7l BldoJ a
¤ 9 (iii) a]^ B+ Hl+g'*'I+. e] ,Jol= *oI4.
 258 r rll4Al olEel gB

GS s0. oI4 ¤el 5e {C t++ EEile "l+qdq.

z}19 53. ol-ell rH+ zJol 30cmx20cm9 +ol a4ql^l 9l
HIA+oil ?lE ull ,ilE Eqli- rflql +ElU ?ols E sE+ +4ol u|$ erJelq +olE+ dbtrI.
dfl+, ¤el HolE 4lq+6171 96ll^J= ql4Cql d6l= C9 ?"lE 4l^}}6|-zl +l6ll^]E qB4 d
?lE + qqlE AolE gotE Elot 6I=7[? qot 6i=7l-? Ht+l g6lE, y¤ sliE+6|71 +lql q
b
E rE qflot a};-z}?
a
30 _=-----l
-l
I

a v I
T
b

i
I

51. u19 *7lql^] H9 Hq +E

4E"ol-tr u2E Eql^J
qleut9 flqql q+, qe ++q e
e]-r. a121.
I
.4+q E+e-l B,lzl 44 rlzJ"l 314.J Atr 54. Al+olg$ qBlTI 3m"J $EE *4 gu.lall
ACBA uI4 4"tzJ4. 4801 ¤B*g Eq4.
9,1

trI. ol +EE Eq^l zl49s 4oln uJulz| 2moJ

sin0, u1 +gzt olq4 il4. ol sEol= zlLl +B "JdJe
sin0, az 7l* 7J zJolE ¤"I
-s gHlE + ?t=
¤zl,t'1 d,(E^l-4)rI 0r(HI^14)g "IeI rBql ++ oJzl.?
^lq"lgE
U EIe+ ,J4. ol *I-^lg Bzlol4'ti4.
^EE 2
A

55. zlolz| Lo\a uJulz| WoJ 4^17+8.il eld6l+ zl

52. + 7llE ¤zl *4 pqc+.e7= *A PRSfl a_4 ^l4BE
al{ -J"lE $"I"JzI? lflH: H"lE 4
99 ?l}rll. "t4 rflql^Je+ Aol ol= arq el'+l 09 t}fe sB6IzI.l
el ¤ql^i + tlEI zlHotl 9l= zl4 RE A
^IolE 56. glEEolE qulz| 30cmoJole$g tF+6Ir "J
a E4 +'lle.l ¤g ¤aq}4. old 9t=el ,Jol9

x/
al+ag 0r: ?z.J tril LtElsg Bq+. + 3+E 149 4 o"J+ ++E^J "JEqr 'J+.
Etsol7t ,t* B:e E-g g4E-E 9ls.+ alzl f
P
s 9lEl^l= 0E qgAI C"llot 6I=7I?

l* t0 cm *l* l0 cm l0 cm
-l- -l
 4.6 iEg gg . 259

57. olr+ fBq^J z+ 0= alq+s}7l f6ll^lE e pE sB. +ol7} hql rH .4xlzJ-trI¤+ qq aq fl:Ell,
C+ ,4BE ql *ql flzlollot 6|E7t? ._lzt
"I4E +BrqE bE tolB+ d"JE 9lq ?l
B2 4. zl* +e ^lolE q!-6I71 +t6ll +*rle qs
E+q B"}"JE Bq4 g"lo} 6Fb7I? (Hi+l "J6l
E, "Iq rBql^l bol rBg BI4.H-b 4 0= 4
T, q+4zl glEt +Bzqe qqql glqot 6l-=z\?)
3 ^'l

I A 5
t,

3 hEJgI 'Jts

xJ-Fil sollflol + xl-Fzl-E g/.l$gE 18000gqql 91, *PeE 5

g4ttrIr zll"Jfl,+L alx|. rBlH tqlflol +r+6I ao{
'J E"J E}]B BzsBel"ll +,\| 6ll approximate solution
dx.ll9 ¤olg"l E"I"JzlE oJ-a dg 4,o14. olel Bg 9zl +loll,t]* +HE Bj$ Newton's method
=
trlg %t-{{g ¤qot tlJtr}. +H . zllg+ $$ Newton-Raphson
method
tI qgr(7+r)uo - (r +r)60+ 1: o

(zi^Jl6J .il+e "lil E4l slql ¤BElq il+.) olfl "JA4g qBAl ¤ +
ol o
)Ae."zlD
l:

"li} Br"4^l arz +br*c:oel a+q+ tg +E g 'J4tl *^lol 9l 0.r5

+. su}e+ ^IiI ,J4^lel a+qlE +g *= +^lol ?lzl"J, "l]+ +d-6I+.

ez| o1,r3e.; +6J ,JA^-l /q 4ailrl+ rd *^lol $.+. o|{z}zl-tr,
costr: u e| zJ¤ ag %'-e^lE C+6J +9 *g + 9I= +{g fiE+. 0 0.012

%LA^l Eel al|= 4lHg 3Is SE"il LI4.I"1 +g + iltrt. r?lls

=^t
alil$ ,<|$a[-L 4¤6J +e zl^]489 *o]e{ :B 1E r4rE Eg -0.05
rg1
+ 1l+.
zlBoJ 6lloJ E +E ollzl :19¤ "J
":0r+ ¤.41 o.oozr+
0.008
^lolql
+ 9t+. +q4E tol e+ 0.0076 gg "Jrll ¤4. rJ C++ 3ol $s-aiE
H}+6ll^l q46IH 9zlq}, zl+EI ztB"l4. tri BtstE Ell"Jg 4l&zl E= a
+El .I+ 4l4lq^J +il4 z *7la 4o14. r+41 6IE,
olg4l zl/qfzl A++ 0.0076286039 gtstr|.
^F+6I= ^+
olfl +il4 *71==qB4 zl$rl}zl? E+"JaJ %IEg ol$olzloJ, 4l .4l,tlzl E= a+qql^l +il4
= *713 0l+6ll^l %IA^l Elg +q-B=
+E+ hEJE "JHg ol+oJtr}. ol= +EJ . 4s+ HJHol4 *e.zle. +4. xI. "J+ zl4lE "lE Ezl *B 4ol
ol Bltsol zl+61= %lts¤ ¤EflA+.
"l= 4ltzl rr= A+qE q+ql^t trI. ^d*zl.J zl?lg B^qg 96J ¤
HgzlE ¤+r+ E}41 C¤ ¤-¤¤ trq=q. gAg 3-+g 4,o14.
=^i9
272 r rjl48 olEel gE

52. q! zlfi)<lzl "JAqIzl+E - bm/s2 o e 4lEElol (b) q.L eAg 4lr tolql EBrilEzf? _r
^l4ql
Czlel ullzlzl 60m9 4"lol z|.+g Ha+. E_ell tolE g"t"Jz}?
olfE i]g ztEitg trll, xl+zlq +E= E"lgtsz|? olL
^l4"ll eAg %r9l sztalEzlZ
(c)

53. zl-Frl-= 100km/h-E gd6}r ql'J ¤dzlz| 80m
sql^Jgqt ^lrE +46rr H.qlolrE s9ttrl.
4¤6}]l g4l ulc}zl +16ll gstl $Ct! zI
f-$$
+E= $"I"JzI?
54. -EB Eaol dzl t4ql4 ¤4 "J6.}el 9l+oE "J
z]¤= s+ Eq}el zl-+EE o(t):l8roJql,
^Ifl+.
"lqq "leel ¤-ez1 Adln zl+ +616}zl ^lz|6J
4. ta= Fl4 eAE q4tlol 4zll 5a f,oJoll (o|
z||+ 'rJ6JE) +Ezi - $.Sm/svfzl dB o e ¤qE
trt trl¤-"tl ea.g ol $E_E zlSztlxl qq*bq.
(a) (^la rq Eil6ll) +lil i++ s4 4E Qlf uE E
C6I+. sel ,el r4sE rE+.
55. r.+ gzlTi 7I+E t.2m/sze z|$alr. a+8I4.
a.ltl+E= 145km/hol4.
(a) ol gz}Tl 47l|+qq^J 4r +Eql EBe- tril
llzl zllS flq r +E.E. ts+ EoJ gp-lE,
ol $zlzi Bg + ?l= 4lEI zl4} guI"JzI?
(b) c,q tEilq^l ¤g.J ol zlzlzl158 Sloll sd
6l ai}+trlr:z 7Ic6IzI. olfl aaoil^l ol gi|.
7l ge + 9lE alrll ,i4. ¤"I"JzI?
(c) 72km ¤q4il8 "Jdt + qg ol $zlz| $
fl6}= 'll aEE 4^ ^lrJ¤ *ot4.
(d) ol gi|.z} {} qq^l 4g 9ztzl z}i rll 37.s
Eol ¤fl4. + q ^FlE Z?]= $"tQlz}?

4++ 71ILJ +E
1. 4*{tE +*atE il""ldg ¤B6l+. :H o-a q|rl (b) ol4l EB+ saHg r^l+.
61z}. (c) olfl saBE a-e4 Ede Fg.q_lz|?
^JEllzlql
2. 6) 3lq .31^ aEE +i¤- 'Jat.bz}? 7. :4u 4ltzl E= e+qz} 9lq+E, B+9 rql
(b) Efl +zJ "JHg 4+61-b 4Cg ¤B6l?+. sE rg 4l "l$ol gst ol+= *fl"Jz}?
3. (a) ulle"t9 CEIE ,14. 8. (a) "JC^l f(r):0e-l q{! aril J}t{t zroll
(b) /el g4l+= Ael6I4. =qErll
qtfl hflel ILlB.ll^J rzE 9E *
=)t<t
4. (a) Eq 4?-lE ,^l+. B¤- rHg rq TldIEluJsE ¤E6Ie+.
(b) s+<t c4E .T l,
zlatalzl-g.E El4l6'l+. (b) rzE
"t4 f(r) P /'(r,)E ^lse +EILI+.
5. (a) +rJ SCHg al?+. (c) x,*,9 ,,4 /("") H f'("*)9 al" e L+ElLll?+.
(b) f 7l +rJ 1"ll^l o}?-lle Bgo145 ag +flg (d) qB
^Jqlq^l +HE *Hol dnflol|+ E]|+ L
Eol-izI?
"-lrtl
ztt$ AeE trol=7|?
(c) EE *CBg ,q4. 9. (a) '*+ /el 9ggig #9."Jzl?
(d) H+de -?lqlztz qB4 *Yzl? (b) rr* FzTl E+ +a /ql^] /9 qgt++"J Ell,

6. (a) "J4l EB+ SCE9 ,tq+. rr+ rrE +41= F9,qlz}?

4++ ox E4l
trl-g E4l9 +4 Allg SE6I4. &olfl, r ol+= 2. f zl cglrJ 44olB, /'(.):0o14.
¤B6laL zllol{, r olf¤ ¤E6I|+ H}fll= Eq+. 3. f zl G, b)91,,.'l ¤4"1g .fb (r, b)"ll +* qE +
1. /'("):0olE, /: c91,9
=-4
Ei {AolQ. f "e|
dql^-l 4*il /(.)el 4+a /(d)E flq!+.
 4=6 t 273

4. f 7l trIts 7l-*,61a f (- t): /(l)olH, ¤*Aol lE 11. /e+ s7l +?J /otl^J +7l6iE, f + gE /oilr.-l f;zlqlq.
+ zlg * ctl f'G):0ol Cg++. P. f q szl *zJ lqBl +zt6ig f - sE loll,tJ f;zpJc|.
5. I < r <-6'J 4l =4611^]
/'(r) < OolE, /E (t, 6)ql^l A 13. /c+ s7l +7J lollr.l ="zlalE, /gE /oll,tJ f;2ffilc|.
AQ}trl. fi. f q s7l +7J 1oll,r.l offol-L ;:z;a19, /gE 1oll,r-l
6. f" (21: oolg (2, /(2))=+d a -- f (r)E E+doltrl 67ItI+.
7. O <.r ( 1oJ 4l /'(r) : g'(x)olE, O < r, <1'J nll ls. +rJ rql^1 f 7l =o7loE f G)> 0olB. gG): tlf b)
f (r) : .,7(") ol4. I rql,q a^t}+.
8. 4%l6J *+ / zI /(1): - 2olr /(3):0 16. f zl4 ilfolg, .f 'E al g'f"14.
of Q -trE r9l,<J =4611^J
f'b)> 101 cBt+. 17. f zl #zl Elfolfl, .f 'E +71 +l+ol+.
9. 4=J6J *+ f7l e46il^l EE z"ll.^.1 /(")> 0oll
1g. f G): ,-2 ggHI qEB++ F(r): -
I + coltrr.
f' (r) < ool4 f"(r) > ool Cgt}tr+.
19. -E-= r4ltl f'(r)z|.fzllap B"l "tlE, fO)* f(o)
f'(r) < oolq I"(r)> ool ¤gdJEi. "l+.

rGil EA E4I
1-4. ++ B+s] +qd +zJql^JE +qfi4 ++A q 8. oLql rflg B+ /el Et++ /'9 -z4uo1s1.
al{<t+ 3l*<lg *.1+. (a) f 7l +7i E= A^illb +rJg *"t4.
1. f@): rt -or2 +9r*1, [2, +l (b) f 7l +tll E= +^tl , E {lg *ot4.
(c) ,f"9 r4gE rq+.
2. f@):r'/r-r, [-t, t]
,^ _ A (d) /E 7l-tst 9l= :14s= rq4.
3. !@): +:.
Z -t-L
[-2, z) v
v: f'(.ul
a. f (r): n2.-' , [- t, f ]
5_7. +qd =ag "J+^lzl= B+E r4sE rq4 -l 0 567x
5. /(O ) : 0 (- Z): (t):
, f' : 0, f' /'(9)
2

lirn,-- f(*): O, lim ,-afb): - oo,

(- oo, -2), (1, 6), (9, "")"llr-l /'(r)< O,
(- 2, l)r+ (0, g)Ql,tJ /'(r) > o, e-14. (a) (=46}$ gzlr+ +B Atdg *"[+.
(- oo, 0)J+ (tz, "")ofl,tJ /"(z)> 0, (b) +7I6I4u} ad6}.= +rJE *"14.
(0, 6)rl (6, 12)ql^l I"G)<O (c) **Zt4 ++Ag *"1,4.
(d) +l olzlle ¤-+oJ +rJ!+ E+ag *"t4.
6. "f5. ¤+olr at ir+,
/(o):0, (e) (a)-(d)g aBE 0l+6ll^l /E r4s= rq+. r
0 ( r < loJ oll /'(r) :2r, ?]ls +ilE ol+ql^l +?16t+.
71 < 39 4l /'(c)- - 1,
r
r7 3oJ 4l ,f'(r): t
9. /(r) - 2-2r- 13 10. /(r) :;j
. U:sin2c-2cosr 12. A:.2x-t2
7. l= gB+, o(c(2-J trI f'b)<0,
11

r 7 29 4 ,f'(r)> O, 13. Y: "t 4 "- 3r fi. g - Ur(r2 - t)

0 ( r < 3oJ 4l ,f"(c)> O 1s-24. 4.44E zlaql 44 trlg +dg rq+.
r) 39 4l ,f"(a) < 0, lim,-*lG)- -2 15. g: ra-Jr3*zr2-r 16. y:t3-6x2-lsr+4
 274 . 11148 olEol gg

n. a: EEro. tl++ f(r): me *'g a,.1a1zl. czl Hl¤ trll, al

11. a: r:* ,+ *dlt 4*A H H+de qB4 9Ezi? H zll9
19. A: " t/l* t rr.llsE rq^l flql^l Ee aEg ql^l6}+.
2O. a: \E-+ rE; 35. 'rl{ .l 3r * 2cos r * 5: Oel d=ol t aJ 4 ¤ull
21. u: sin- 1(1/z) il9 u-q4.
22. y: 4r - tanr (- < r < r/Z)
"/Z 36. f zl a1q4 ¤+olr,f(o):1olq (0, 4)ql +
[0,
23. a:(r-2)e-' 22. U:t*ln(r2+t)
el E-E ,"llrl z < f'(x)< 5ol4 6I^1. "loll
e < fQ)< 210J9 trq+.
ffizs-za. q+ +de-l ¤!s-6J +49 s+ E44E /E
r{s$ rq{. f'e+ f" el r{s= ol+6ll^], +7161 s7. +?J [sz, ss]ql^l B+{t 4"-l= Bf r(") - rt/i'
a zJAo|ts +?J, 441, +l "Iql-" E+"J +t, E+d ql 4+611^l trI+¤ EqE|.
¤. qH4E. "]fl E4l 25ql^l= "leg 0l+6ll^l olfl 2< W<2.0125
Ag 4+61 *"t4. 38. + tf qts ilq qd d (1, e)ol *C
2
"4 bg
zs. fG):+
-2-t
26. fG):#; tr -l- J
?/: an3 + br2 4 H*d.Jzi?
*' *'r-1- se. + 419 "JE C+ 6!ql^] t +E 4Hl|el E+= +e]
(-5 < r < 5) d-ol 1000olI + f9 Bol 7l* A+E *olet.
28. fG):*2*6.5sinr =
40. t}+d ra:}el d +ql^l d (3, o)oll zllj- zlz+
Wrn.Bf - .-t/ttq +-s-6J E4g g+ Bq+E
/(e) g ag *ot4.
rElsE Sg zl^I4¤ql :]qei. H+dg qg6t 41. HlzlEol roJ S.ll e.ld6l-= olEH +4¤e.l Hol9
4. E+gql trl$g 0l+6ll^l Cq"J <tg *"I4. 4l*Ag *"I4.
cAs 30, (a) tlf /("):tlb+ur/,)el r4sE rq+. 42. Hlzl+ol r.J T"tl Llld6l= tlBE +ulE 4*A
(b) rzl , - - , 0* , 0- -e" zlttlflA 419 /(")
oo
g *ot+.
el +tlg dsll^l r4sq soJ-e ¤86l.+. 43. AABCqI^J ,E ABE 4, lCol:lcm, lAol
(c) /g f?1lsE olgcll.r-l H+del qH4+. :4cm, lAOl:4cm, CD J_ABolQ. CDg 4 P
=l*E
(d) cAsE ol+4^-l .f"E C6}r. r4sE f-q{. ql qall lPel+lPsl+lPC\A 4+Ae? lcDl:
(e) (d)9 r4s$ 0l+6ll^l E rJ 4*aJ H+eg 2cmoJ a+ql=
"lHzl?
qB6I?+.
44. o}?.ll r?ri Aol Ealos+El 1t+l Bq4flts A

fis 31-32. f , f "E :14sE¤ / el al*<t!+

Pql+a47i 9+. + ^Itsol d ,sql^l E^lql ¤
Bl*A "t H+dol
"f ^l-+611^l
r4*E qH6'I4. tstll^JEqg ulE Bel=E]l, itJ rl$"l EIE ^ig
" , L+ElL+ts
9 eull"J*el +qee gfltr|. *tszizl F ^tB
31. /(z):--$ (-n< *<n) E Hl+-H-= q 09 al{<lg +"I4. lflfl: tan2
lf *:t*l E Blrll+61+.1
32. I G) : u- 1, ("' - t)
o'1r

a^f6}z}. ol tI+
ffi 33. B++ f(x): ln(sin r+ C)ZtrlE de S9,"JzI?
EE +5¤ +ae +9.oJ7I?
cE q¤ Aql^l /= R"ll^l ¤+"Jzt? cE qB
<Iql^l/9 -z4uzt de S.bzI? C'-n a "J q q
tr ¤rlol *4*bz}? s
 4=+.275

4s. ,Jg Eql^J ulatol ,"J rlEel +E= qs=r+ e+. s7-s8. oJztT| E+¤¤ trJ+^l7lB^l *4"J+. "JalE
+lzl= +"I7}.
u: K LC
C,L
_L
- 57. u(t) : 2t- t/ (t+ t2), s(O) : 1
q7l^l Ke+ cv "Jqd "J9 tf"l4. ulatol I 58. a(t):3cost*sint, s(o): g, u(O):Z
q
"IoJ +E.| 3l4oJ7|? se. 4}eFol zl{t 500m9 E4+qq^l Eqa4. q
46. +El7t r/oJ ++ zl+ B=E zlflzlE.ll HI+= g 6}&01 9zlzl ?*?tzltl, &eE+ 100m/s9 4E
E*}g EoJoe "JEqr ++. 449 ++¤-.g-+ e- +E6llE ag + 9lE+ ¤41*+. ol &+Ee
6k +49 *ot4. ul9¤zl?
az. qE 617l Eg 1b000891 +6¤. ++g + tl= Er-r^^ A_, ,L^, ,^rr, +C+¤
_,
+94'Jol 49¤ ?,rzo a^|6tx}
?,r+r7r
czltel,rl ^tBg EItrI. ErIts 4 r;;;rrgii EE0o'
l.A$ uil B+ 1100089 *6"1 E+. ^ltrI a^l f(*): *a + xs + crz
ql ulsts, gtflE 714* rB:el4 49 4lo}* * +61, g4l+9 ti#zl Ht¤ EllE c9 7i4 H+AE
6:ol 100084 EElr tq. "Jt}fl sq] +'Jg 3l 4+71 Hru qlE "9 il$ eA6I4. rellre-l 7I
ql46'|E 7l4e B"loJzI? gl= trI"Jd -Eolg q^1614.
ts-^d
61. HlzlEol socmoJ flzlE s"Jq ELI+E <|"t,tJ t
48. +HE %l$g ol+ofl^J Hla^l sinr: r'-3x+!
el EE +g qd4 zlQttlzl 4+6}rll *"Iut. E"l zl,rI4B.J gxllE "J=+.
^+ (a) ttr9 'J"lzl 4q"J Bzll9 EEg C^i4E'J
49. i7flel B+ /(r): cost + t - t'E
%FHg ol+6ll^l g trq?+.
4{<fg q$r{ zlQt\zl 4q6}al epte}. (b) C^I4¤ +4= e+qlr tse F++9 ull *
^+ E¤ ZloI4 ull zll9 zl^I4B .JtzlE EIECL
50. +C y:rsinr (o 1r < 2r)E 4.444 zlag
ol*6ll^l rq+. gs6lE +iHE %LBg "l+6|+.
+Eel Holz} Aql"J 'Jtzl9 +49 AC6[4.
(c) zl^I4¤ +4el AE= :r 4ol9 zll#4 Hul
el {-ql Cul4l{!41 6tz}. +l7l¤r soJq F+
s1-s2. trl-g EI+E "JHl qE!++E *"t4.
s1. f G): sr - (zl /i) 50. g(t): (1 + t)l ,/T +E 4lot^J "JE + llts zter zltl 4rll9 #
4¤ *oI4.
s3-s6. trl-gg "J+^l7l= f G)Z *"t4. -r
53. /'(r):z/i+xz), /(o): - t I

t,@):A+, /(1):s
zJol

I
s4.

55. f"(r)- 1- 6r*48x2, /(o): r, f'(01:,

s6. f"G): 2r3 * 3x2 - 4r * 5, /(o): 2, /(1): o l*- ulul -{
 5"3 tr 489 2"; *71 r 303

v
o rd,r < 2tn3
= /',o

x
48-s2. cd sg ol+El^l trt¤. 4s a.e qB6t+
I:,Fi a*
4 _) 0 2

^,
as.
t'| a"

so.
!'G'-rr+r)d* ur.
!"r^nnd,r
46. /E 4*Ae rnola 4qilg Mol+ 6Iz'I. t sn/4
Ur. J sin2rdx
I'tt"ldr4lk9 olg + at ^Iolql flEzl? zlg _^
el q! Ceol +lE AEg Ela'||z|!
53. +s +oJg c 4Bge s.¤6IE.
+4 trJr, 4¤.
5
at. 4Eq CAg ol+6tl^J, ztB Ztg
g Ele+. llI*E#
4 i
4
n
원

Effi
5.zeql^J zl# +6J-e--e Ael6|n r Ag CfltrI. "|fl +Ce
4"J *9
t+ 7Ja- g-;il-6t4.
+He 4e <tg *= gt trl ,JE6J BlHg gafla,
H 'J flql elolrq=tr +ee a4E Bar&q. fEe I' fi)drE /9 I
s.ilf r,='JH r ilg Cg + 9ltrI= ^l-gg'Jrtl *EI. ol gAe E}* e
ql^J Eelg trlzl+qlE 7lg A?lel "J+e E 4Esl 7lE 8al+ +EEl.

¤ 4=el 7lE 8al f 7l +rJ [r, b]"ilr1 S4olH 4¤.ol CB+tr] Eol
ol4$tl9 zlt 4e-.1 fundamental
[' rUl dr
.ra
: F(b)- F(a) theoremof calculus
C 4e9l 7lE C?-l evaluation theorem
{zlri r= /el qEB+, + F':.f ol4.
ol aqq trt+, /E EEE}+ rE "JE I'fG)d"4 1I¤ ++61 +,J
[", b]g "J ¤dql^l rel <tE¤ q^l +¤. + 9l+. al r < bql^l /(")9
E-= <14 +a¤ e++ rlces celg I'fG)dr4 41:= Bzl F d aet
6ql,r'l r.(o)9 a¤ "JE *g + 9l+= o}l+ tsBEl.
^t¤e
elE EE, 4.7¤ql^J Eel6J 4e /(") -- *'4 qEd:f F(r):*"'ol
=
ge, c 4Bel 7lE cqql q+ E++3 e=q

f'r'ar:.F(r)-F(o): +. ,'-|. 0': +

304 . Ill58
^18

0+El 17tzl s-EC y:"2 oi49 HolE tlE +.Jg C6ll^1 *g 5.1eel
E7l 2e+ "l olEg HlE6lE, 4 zieel 7lE c4z} zJEolE^lE 'Jq"J
*Bg 4l+{}E}+ ^}dg "J + 91tr}.
A zlEE 7lt AE= ^lgql E q E+g f ilzlr}, EelzJ 8qs ql
rB=6ll _H_"JtrI. ,(r)b tql^J oJ Eille-l +Eolr. s(t)E r
^l6lH ^17+
+lil+z ol.{, u(t): s'(r)oloE .sE oE qEi}+olE+. 5.1¤ql^l tz'll4
o3=e1 grajee g4ol=
E^ll= ^J4fl1, +E +d ol4el Holz} Azl?l
,l?-le| ?JL+a ++rltr|. zlg.tr +ElrllE, +¤-4 aq',
rb
I
Jo "(t)
dt: s(b) - s (o)
olag 4 zl$q 7lE C4zl olfl tr-+ql^J *6I= HIc| 4+6}rll e+

tr 51Eq 7lE Eelel *zJ Ia, bl$ polzl ?JZ nzlq ++ +rJsE
=B
++q +dg xs(: a), tt, 12,..., ,,(: b)oln 4 rJol= Ar: (U- a)ln
?+ 6IzI. r= /E qE+++ 6lz}. 4gr+ Eol zJg 6"}9 qr trl6lB dill
ql^i rel <lE il-= ++ +rJql^J ael zlg B".e *'¤E + iltr}.
F(b)- F(a) : F(*")- r("0)
: F(*,)- F(*,-r)+ r(r,-r)- F(*,,-r)+ ...
+ F(z)- r(",)+,F(2,)- r(,u)
:
E{r(,,)- r(,,-,)}
. B+al aelE 4.289 ts-4
rflEll rz| $$olee.1o1g zt+:6}zl qlEql) 4 ++ A7J l";_,, z;] oll^l
rql s+<t a"-lE 4+E + gl+. relB nt_r+u, ^Iolel f *l"l ¤4
4^] ++"1 dBt4.
F(r,) - F(r,-,) : r'("i) ("u- ,n- r1: 1(ri)a,
trtE^l E++¤ E=4.

r(b)- F(a):
frbi)a"
ol4l n -- *9 trI +l +tg +l6IxI. 3+Hg tl+olr, +H
^lel "JHel
e B+ /ql qt 4"J *olgg, ffiol dB{}+.
r(6)- F(a):]llIr(";)a*: tu fb)0, tr

c zl+el 7lE c?-lE ol+B trL +¤-4 ,J3 zln= ^F++tr|

rG)lt": r(u) - F(a)
 5.3tr48e1 il*71 r 305

f4o=_ F',: f "J trll +g-r+ zJ"l ¤+ fltrI.

J
rb
,ft')a':r(r)l'l"
=

없측춰어 fIi A1

E*4 o _e
^l-6,9=
+E zlfle r(*)lZ9 lF(r)lo,zl ",14

f3
Gfrff .rlI "_, d*E ,,IE *otat.
. C 489 zlE Ce-l= 4*g uil, /
EO /(r):e"9 El qEB+E F(r): e"olo.e, A 4EE 7le Crlql q e.l qs.E}f P¤- ol¤-61-E
+ EI+¤ Ebtr|. =+EI gsc,#(", + c)E ol*
gtrl. "J+
e I g g_e= fl4.
t'"'a*: "'ll: "3
-
v
EIEA o < b < nlzg trll, 0+E1 bzl^l a,rlE +d 0t4E 'JolE *olat. ):cosr
EO /(r): coszE f, qE*+= F(t):.lnsolFE, 49ol tB{}E}.
Hol:1
fo"r"rdx :sinc][ : sitrb- sin0 : sinb
1 : Jo 0 x

b:r/ztr- q4E, o*4 r/zttzl a,t1o3 +C ot4el Holzt

=61
sin(nl2):1ol4= ^Idg +E6J+.(rB
1¤- tr4.) I -ral t
ror

se}^ +EtzI Eqleg(cilles de Roberval)ol 1635trqI ^I"J+ .a^IQl r www.stewartcalculus.com

+C "IeHE 'JolE il¤. *9tg rll, olE qt6'J ,*gHol e+q= ull-f Ed Additional Example AE Hq
4?l E^il9trl. "J"J C zl+E 7lg Cq9 elqg Sg + S.+E' EgEJ t
4 E4g olgall,r.l (EE b.l¤E q1l E4l 23ql^Je| rJol ?+q q+ 441
E ol+6H^J) t]el +6Jg qB4l c6110} oJr+. +qlol+: tr'il71 1635LJq=
rqlElz.l flitfi.zl q+ql, ol E4lzI eullsgqlrilE gd q qqflq. r4
+ 1660LJqe+ 1670Er.ilq hH+ aloJsulzTl 4 zl+el 7lE cel= ga
6J ylql=, E-zl 2ql^l I ? ql*"|,
"Ifl E4b "ll+ fl+le+.
+8 El=
qEi++E d4 trl-E + Ll= ,J¤6J zlozl ge6}+. A 4Be1 7lE A
qql +E+ts qEc}+e+ 4ts 7lg- I tt"ldrzl $74
^IolE +41 48"il,
ee /e-l qE*+E LIEI'll= rll ,<f$fln, olE +8 4E E= tr18 4E aol
+C zJ+, "lC 4E
ol+ oJr+. _14o-=. indefinite integral

I f(*) a" : .F(z)E F' (r):,f(r)E *oJ+.

C 4E!+ +C 4E ^IolE EE6l +E6lloi 6Jq. e 4* f'f(,)a.xY@

306 . 458 4E

[
foll +c 4B I fl,lrlrE Bf(E= 6J++)ol+. E ^I"lE +4= A
4Eq zlg e?-le +q{r+. *, f7l [a, a]q1,t1 ¤4olE ffiol dB'Jtr].

t'rata*: ! rG,*f,',
4.7¤ql^J .JolE Ell-tr., F7| +7J r q^l /E gstlf"lE, /ql^l /el

"J,,J qEilf* r(r)+ col4. gzl,<l c= .JEq rlfol4. qE EE,

(ala")lnlrl: rlxolI]s (0¤. sq+6}zl ?*= gelel +Aql^]) +¤- ¤|.^l
ol dBttrI.

I**:rntrt+c
r4^l +A 4+ I tt"lrtry tg EA'J qEg.+E +EI.ll4+ qE+++
dillE AElg +ElE + fltrt. (^J+ cE 4 Aq 44 6}+el gs*fzt
Eil++tr}.)
c zl+9 7lE aelel Egce EI+el qEe.+E g"t+ "*ol .Jl ilE
zlq 4+ acg+. r4oe 4.7eql ?Its 9"lE +4s= +^l
^I^l6I=Ell,
H zlzlE q +z16}r. +C 4+q 716-+ +4U+. 4 B4e +Hq ?i=
il+= "l$o|rl 4+g 8}+E ts--e=trrl qqlg + 9l+. qlE EH, E+g!+
,Jc+.

*Llt^r* + C)
:sec2, ol o-=.
t "."' * d,x : tan r + C ol4.

. "JBJ +C 4E"l fq¤ trll

"l= EJ
tr +¤ 4Es
+rJql^lRI fraapcp +ql$ 4E+.
I {f(*)+sG)}at: tfG)0,* I o@d,r, t "fG)d,r: "t rG)0,

I rnd.r: _:
nfL-
rr* I
+C (n,.-1), I *or:tnlxl+ C

I e'd'r: e' + C, I !-a'd,n: lna * c

I sinrd,r: -ct>sz* C,
I cosrdx: sinc* C

I ser'r dr : tantr * C,
I c.2*dn: -cott* C

I I
코탄미코시제
s ec e; tarrr dr : secx -f C, cscrcotrdx: -cscn* C
코시미코시탄

I "
1

r:"+l
d.r.: Lan- 'r * C,
I 1

{L-xo
dr:sin-rtLC

I sirrlrrdr: cosh r* C,
I coshz dr: sinhu * C

d
s
di1 intn1
=

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*
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EUE trl8E gU +8 51Eg *otal. r=B 291 u-zl s9 +a 4¤¤ cE

iorn -zseczr)dr P z|]9 Aq q4'letH.4. ¤zl,tl

! cE lk9 sd$"l4.
EUI +qlel s tl]g ol+El^J trt¤¤ e:q. 4

f ior^- 2sec2r) ar: rcf ,na*- t ,ec2rd,r z

1.5
-1.5
: ro+ - Z:rlr,xt c
:2x5 _ 2tant]- C
-4
trlB6ll^l
"l Bg da4o} .Jtr}. tr reJ 2

EUE J'G' - ar) dr+ 'Je= *olal

EO a zi+el 7le e4el s t1}3 ol*alB, +¤¤ E:tr}.

!'G'-ar)ax:+-u+)',
: (+ . 84-3 . B')- (* . o'-, . o')

:+ -27-o*o: -6.Ts
ol lg$ 5.2eq E7l 2(b)el ularle|.
뒤
대메스1
⑥
EEtr J:(r* - Gr*ih) dre 'JZ *4, = e+E 'Jole 6rl46hat. rf.fl 83 H-zl 5ql il= zlBE ++
I fqlsE -Bqe+. 5.2¤ql^l oJ
Eil a 4eel ,lE A4ql qe+ q¤¤ E=tri. + 9l;"l, 4E ile "JE +E.e +
Elu .Jolg +ql^l ¤-E +Es +El
I:lr* -6r*ih) a*: z{ ,++ s t,.'- ''] ' - d HolE s asE q14g + 91trt.
v
Xx- BN3 tan-tx)
2

고 .
: irn - Jrz+ stur,-'r]'
J
=
- 12t 3 tan- 2 =
3- 12
~드
4
-

: f,tz\ - ilz')* 3tan- '2- o

0 2x
- -4*3tan-12
4+E 4qt <to14. g6IE, 4ltzlE
"lagt2el ^+ =JtAg "l+6114
tan- +rt&g t+g + ?I4. f+rll 5IH trl-g¤- E=tr}. 1al
JE9 'l

IIW-Gr*?h) dr =- 0.67855
EEE
[t-If=dts?,te =1014.
308 r rllStrt 4E

EO t^t zlEtr EL+= +tsdg F6ll trJ 'JE{} Es H}+q 4+6}E +g

. www.stewarlcalculus.com 4A+
Additional Example B= E4. +t\:fi, -t at:
l,'gzf !,nb+tt/2-t')at
:2t+
# +], :2t+
?r','. +],
:(, ,*? .*/z++)-(, .r*?.,,,,*i)
: 18* ra* * _r_ +_ r: + tr

tl-e.
-o

a zt+e.l 7lE c?-lq q6l Izl lo, bl"ll^-l ¤4olH 4¤."1 cBt+

9zlrJ
t f (r) ax:
r= /el "Jelel 9sElf"l4. ol= F': f g¤- Ft+. :rqoe.
.F(b) - F(a)

+lel +¤.4 ,Jol rlrl ¤ + ?l+.

I
^l¤-
F'(x) dx : F(b) - F(a)

F'(r)zf r4l *{} y: F(r)E +rJ {ffioll r(b) -r(a)b rtl a*4
b7t^lHg 419 y9 ++oltrl. ty= olEqlts ¤:zlg14z| zJaolr El^l +
7IB + ?14. yE oJ', Br6Je--E Hlg + ?lxl"J, F(b)- r(o)ts y9 9aI H
q¤ +4U+.1 rqsE C zl$e.l 7lE Aq= +¤-I+ Ae'Jjt E|^l +4
Elg + ?l+.
tol grt Eqf 8al 323 {fl$g 4Be ga} HE}ol4
"J4l HSI net

t
change

F'(r) dr : F(b) - F(a)

"l gE: zI¤!+ ,+o+ql +4LlE -E= Hq¤ql zl+g + flr+. q

^lEl
¤-e olfl gdlg Bq+L E zlzl qlol+.
t v(t)71 r9l 4fzl9l 9l= EE .+ulolE, E¤l+ v'(t)Z
^14 ^]|7+
roll zJfzlql E"l E4 EqsE He[-go1c1. f.elE-=. r+¤- 4 4+e

^14
t,4 r, .rio1q1 4fzl9l ?l= Ee-l "J9 HElol4.
l2
V'(t) dt : V(tr)
I, - V(tr)
 s.3 E qEE ,J *71 . 309

. [c](t)zl tl4 tql E]t] H]A ^JCE9 EgolH, H}+ge .saE}f

a[c\/at ol4. ]elEe +-g A 4eg rl4 t,*ul tzvl^\ CE tE
el H+oltrt.

f ,',,'# at: lc)(tr)- tcl(t,)

' "J* ?zl-&"1 dn/atolH, +g C 4+g ,rPH tzvl^lE ^lzlql "J
+el "JuI *zE ++U+.
f # dt: n(tr) - n(tt)
,',,"

(oJ+= 3..J"1 ts^Js}E ¤17}6}-r. g^J6}H 4at4. .Jz} +

^}tr}ol
7l-= +^J4 -E+ r.q,6} ¤4o14.)
^I"Jg
' p Erllz} 4dg qEl glil *f s(t).e *4"18, :1 +EY ,111: s'(t)
of Q. relse q.g C 4+e ,,PEl t2vlle) rlzloll Ed +lilE g Eol
Hg displacement
il- E+, E H+loltrI.
a f d't : s(t')-
"(t')
5.1¤{^l EAIT} o}E B'6}e-e Szlol= a+q "l4,ol *"141 +
+fl=ql, ** ol4ol fl4+
""'oQ) +eJg fBflEt.
. qql ^la ++"ll^l *zl"J ,le.lE c6IqE, ,(r)= ooJ q(oJzITI e-
E+es +4g trI)E +rJJI gzll u(t)< o9 q(oJzITI g+ee g
zlg q)g +?Jg ^J4allot {}tr}. + a+ E+ ,le-lb +q lu(r)lE
4¤6ll^l doJ4. tr|4^J 4¤¤ E=El.
tl tzt
E ["bL)ldt:*4"J dill
J,,
,1?']

ral 4
:-=l 4E H+te+ gzl"J 4"-lE e.+ +E +d oI4E Hole 4^i6I
: -
=
\tlBg sq=q. 49): f '

,',,'
u(t) dt A, Ar* A3

. E{19 z}gEE a(t):.r.r'(t)olps, +g C 4Ee ,<lzJ t1+El ^14 A4: t ,'r,'lo(t)lat: Ar+ A2+ AB
t274^l +EE EElol+.
t.2

t, a(t) at: u(t2) - u(r,)

Efr grlTt 4dg Etat t4olEc1l, ,r.l4 ,oll,tlg +E= ,(t):t2 -t-6
(m/s)olcl.
310 r rll58 4E

(a) lrJ +7J 7 < t < 4oll^l gxle] Egl= *olal

(b) ol 5?J a{l"J 71tl= *oEl.
^lz
EIII iu) trql E6li EgE tri-S"+ e+.
^l
s(a)-s(t):
t
: [+ -t-*]
u(t) dt: r,^ (t' - t-
4
I
a) at

I
,
ol= t:4oll^19 gilTl "l +tE glilq^l g+
o-tr ^14 ^la ^]z]q^iel
4.5m9g EqI+.
(u) u(t) : t2 -t-6: (t-s)(t*2)olEs, +t [t, 3]ql^l r(t)< ool
r [3, 4]q^l u(t)> ool4. leloe. trql E6il ¤.zl"J ,lelE q^Sr+
,JY+. ^l

.,(t)g eE*¤- 4$at7l +l6tl, 5.2

¤E 4eE Cd s= 0l+61^l zl+g
t'nan&: f' {- u(t)}at+
tn r0at
,(t) < o g qplr(t) > o"J 4eL}EEI _J,f' (-t'+t+o)at+
Iiu'-t-a)at
t' , t' , u'1,*
:- IL-T*T* ^-l'
t+- t-*l^,
: +=

⑧
10.17m r''l

EElil:.eJ 5E eEE qE -J dsaJ;.l,t=01^l dal +uggE Eq=q-. (l,

g
E E+l= ollT[elE0l_r. tE xttrFe1 {! llrJolEf.) 0l -J aHlE oilLlrl= cl
eJ6tat.
P
800

7 \{
600
/
400

200

0 369t2t5182tt
q^lq 7I4'dzl q^I
lal s

EU age qlLizlel H+g p(t): r'(t)"14. -a4o-e gal Hel 4qql el

El E|+g :z ts ,tl-8-¤ "llulzl9 *r}"l4.

['n e{t) a, : ['n z'(t) dt : o(z+)- E(o)

Jo Jo

4EE ?E +rJol l2zlolr At:29 EI +d Bzlg 0l+6ll

=*Ag
 5.3 tr siEel 2J *71 . 311

qg4 *"1 *E4

^J

t^p(t)dt = (tto
{.p(1)+p(a)+,p(s)+..-
+ -= + 400 420
+ p(zr)+

+ 620 + 790 + 840 + 850

e(zt))at

+ 840 + 810 + 690 + 670 + sso)(z)

: 15840

^l^+g
olluJzlts e+ 15840EllzlelE-,r1o14. I

-E-71 qlq49 B+lE qBril "J #'il&nl? 4+ t^rtt)dr= 6J

8qf^l .'Jglotl 4t #L ,t1tl}
o1 r(t)at E?t tlE +oJg-.e Cqe+. :ilrll p(,1)e t+]ts 47}e+E
olr- at I ++l= ,<lolss, +E t+]= ollzle|-e-,tlol4. "l= +tq 4
aff ,r.JE +aol *o14.
"JHI4ss, I'li)d"9 tglE /(z)9 tflei 19
++lE Eoltrr. 나"
당 c 0s
는 한 lt)z

qg E4l 3

sr L - Hs
-Er-l+ 4e Ag *oI4 S

1-30.
a8.
I /3 sing * sing tan20 d0

융 윙
se"'0
1. v['_L a, z. !'i * zr -

8
*u ars) d,a
9. ['
Jo "orhtd.t
, t(s*' - 4x + b) dr a. to 20. f"
2"'
⑦
+u2) du
,tut -u3 / -ro sinhr*coshr
dr ex
,/T/z
0

뻤
s. t'or-s)(ar'+r)a* 6 I' ,t(t -
t)z dt 21
I, t/t- 22' JSfr -e =a*
d.r
r/tr11*x'
, IJ+-*)*
⑨Il*n*
"

90
ft/z
, (b"'+ 3sinr)dr 23. 24. J
[

t
n,n"".|r^n?d0
I 4* 6u
,fr du ,0.
t^ l, JT - z.') at
,u I _re'*7du ,, t#0"
r. t',(Vi+ {i)a, n I'ft\a, l:'"#" ,r.
[t2r - rtd,r

용
27

,tt
없 !!

…
청수
r.3n /2

@
go.
aI -,r-ztxt)dr
29 lsin z ldr
-/o
t'tr* -
1

%
dx ,0. b') d,,
g*g d¤ *"I4

↓* !
nl 31-32. trlg
s (r'o + to') d,, ,u I:;."c,0 d0 =.^le-l .

영
Jo
,, f,+0.:+l_,:-+
I /n l+"o"20
,

,'r. ----------;- da

화행졌표
cos"0 sr. t" r""zxdn:tanr][ :I
 .

D
312 r1lsAt 4E

*
33-34. El¤- +d ot?-lle+ r+ +lql +"J 999 HolE v

d6I+. 2
x=2y - y'
33. y:1-22 34. y:2r-rz

ffi as-se. r4sE ol$oll.<'l trl-s +c

"lefl ¤qE H"l"ll 4
qBAg ,}+"lc+. l4r A+6J HolE ,*"te}.

N
6J 7H+zl"J ,r

35. y: sinu (0 < r S zr)

36. Y: te"2' (0 < z < rl3) 50. oFll :1Bq +4U ¤qq A4E y+r+ zlC y: I
q +d a: V; ol+. ol gqq H"lE (9il Erll
37-38. trl¤- 4+ Atg *r, olE Hole.l z|_E oll^16l 4ee+ Aol) ,Z y9 t}+e +{{la yql 4"ll 4

N레
4. .rH9 ::.q ¤E6i+. +6ll^l *"I4.
ㅇ,r. f,:
8 ffiu,:
,, f ,f dr sinr d,r I
}:l
I

3e-40. trl¤- +^lol aqfl.¤- "lB6ll^l EleE

"… 다 v;

,, I ,f ,\r+ c
0 p-t

PI
OO cos'z d:r
모 KGSR가
: Lx* *s in 2r
i
* C
s1. w'(t)E olflolg ++rll .u!7Fg(kclLJ)ol+ 6IE,
41-42. trIg
"JHI +C 4+g *oI4. "l +C+.ll +6i "' .' (t)dt= +gg *61-=7I?
ffi q zfiel r4sE t
Ae s+Eql .J4l rq+.
= 청

& 9
t(t):
j
41.
f r r/ia,
[ 02. I (cosr'- 2sinx)d,:r s2. dcE d+= d6l"*e_l EEL+ Q,(t)e_ 4E
± t;Jq.
Ib r(D dt Z +ig F6I=zt?
43-48. q-* "JHI +C 4+g *"t4
O'T (sinr*sinhr)dr s3. 4+zl Bze+q xlz_l tql r(t)(L/E)g S4gg

임
MT (JV+ W)a" ^In ?ig el, f o"'r(t)dr= +Eg F6l^=zI?
O'T (u+ a)(zu+ r) du, s4. gEq tllAl #zl100Eteloll^l ¤"JaI^l n'(t)(sl4l

oul ,(t + zxn) dr

sc xd 2 +"JE HE+gtr 6zit}4. 100 + f o" ,r'{t1d, = +
9.9 Fa}*zt?

vx 9
t sin ,]:2'
O'T ---------:-
1- sin'c
48 [ dr.
J SINU
,1,
르

. y = 2c
-K
+sl *+ R'(x)E f9 E}f ,?(r)
ss. 4.s¤ql^l {!41
49. yfr9 9-E++ .EEd x :2a - a2 4 g+ql +"J E EiI+E Ce-]*+. qzl^l zE S"ll$ ++lel
gqq H"lts a 4+ Iitzu-v')ave-+qdq. f"l4 I 5000
R'(r)drE *{¤ *6}87}?
1000

Selr y: O*q a:2vlzl

(,rlE= ,tl{l [to]98
s6. /(")7i tlzqaE zkm gqd xld"ll^.i
*c " :2y y2 ot4E gqg ^J46I^I.) ol Bq =¤Jd-e-s+el
/"f {") rrrY *ig F61ts7}?
xy
ol aE Tlgrlq +.

×
9 H"lE *"i4.

X ,
 5.3 E ElEg 'J *71 r 313

57. rel Eg: uleloll /(r)9 EglY +H'J Ell, 6s. Eol zl+ B3E u}qg-e+q r(t):200- t(Llm)
E H+&s gell+¤5+. 4zl,t1 0 < , < 50 olE+. z,l*
f ,'uu f lddr 9 t?lb #9,'Jzt? 10ts E?I =dae+q gqqg EE olg +"Iel.
58. rg1 *9]= s1eoll' a(")9 +91* q¤:E/4Eg gqEl E gq+sr glq. "l
66. Eol zlal Baql
trL daldrE B+l: *9,.Jzi? I:"@du 9 t9 4 :89 Erq il: EE +'lE E+g r(t)(4
Et/.J)e.l r4uoltrI. /.l4 t:0oll Bsql ?l'J E
ts F9."JzlZ
"|l, 64 H4g
E oJol 2s000LoJ 0l+6ll^1 4"J Fl

se-60. trI¤+ zldg u|4 *zl"lE "J^Iel +E B+

I E9 "Jg qB6|+.
(m/s)ol+. oJ7t7l +qd (a) E r
^lrJ +aql^J *zl.J 2000
9le+ (b) ,lE-l= *o14.
S9. u(t):3t-5 (0< r33) r000

60. u(t):t2 -zt-g (1 < , < 6)

0 I ) 41
61-62. ++g 4dg ul4 *zl"l= oJ^19 7l+E E} -1000
+(m/s2)4.i71 +Eol4. (a) xl4 t.ll,<'19 +Ee+ (b)
+"tr! ^la +aql^l gzl.J aqE *olE. 67. r:0oll^.1 ulell4"l-9 ,1141 +7]. 46esoltr, t
61. a(t):t-|4, u(0):S, 0<t<10 ^14
62. a(t):2t*3, u(0):-4, 0<t<3 ^l7J
Hq olel +7Fgg 1000. 2'Eqlalo|/,tlzJol
q. 1^lA +19 zll4 f E g"I"Jzl.?
63. zl-Eitel +EE toc" 7J4e-E +E4ql^l 9lr o[ q¤ "Jq{
4 sq 7l+fltr}. +d Bzlg "l¤.6114 zftzlzl 68. olq rBe 44+El eS sxlzlzl
Hl/.4l* cE* r4^l
EillE r1 qlolEl C-sql^Jel
BB 14E q844. rol+. ,= Ellqq 4?-l*eE t+l= mb/sol4.
t (s) o(mi/h) t (s) u(mi/h)
+d Hag ^F+6ll^l a- ^l7lql d+¤ EllolEl dill
0 0 60 56 el "&3 qH6I+.
10 38 70 53
D
20 52 80 50
0.8
30 58 90 47 I
40
50
55
51
100 45
I
64. al,t}"l *"JflErll, oI4 s4 ,Jol rAl EAg 0.4

{
r(t)A {e;g-s tse6}r. il4r 6'}zt. ,e.l ++]=
aolr r(r)9 E+lE E/4olE+.
t 0 I 2 3 4 5 6

r(t) ) 10 24 36 46 54 60 0 ) 4 I '(^lt)
(a) 6a E?l E+tt dill oJ O(6)q qlt ztr.
= 69. tl+ h= h(1) - -2, a'(r):2, h"(r): s, h(2)
*oI4.
(b) =}t<tg
+e +zlg ol+4^l q(6)g qg6l+. :6, h'(2):5, h"(2): 139 uJf,tlzl-tr h"= g
314 r 45el 4E

5 *"ll^l s+.1tr1-. f ,'n"tu1du9 tl¤ *otc+. v

!: e,
v
Y=e''

70. BE s^loJ sqel Holb ,4-e. s^l6J ¤99 Hol

9 tsHol+. bE a9 4se'I+'ile+.
^ll
0 a .r 0 oi

E trl4EE el 7lE. Aal

olE"Jr]l, olaol trleEln+ 4Eqlg + E

"14+a}el 7lg a?-l= zteE}
o| ,<[ol9 +alE +86]z1 4lEol4.
"leEe dC Eails+El Bd9flr,
olql Hl6ll 4$qlg ¤Hzl.ll *dol S.oi eolE E4l"J Hol E{l_tr+q g^J
ilq. al"Jg4xl 4ot"ll^l hHg zleau3 Ul|E(rsaac Barrow, 16s0-1677)b
ol i zlzl +allz} d4le E}l+ "Jd6}rll +Hqq il4= gdfltrl.
^l¤g
¤4e -r.t 'trle6l.zl'e|'4+617]|'7I ^Je q n+aol4E ^i¤g .J^llltrI.
"l4EEIq 7lE 44ts "lE4 4E,r}"l9 Eq'J q *4E ^ll^l6J+. Ht
s +Hr+ elolur-lz-7I "|fl +4lE B+fla ol= 0l+6ll^l trlE zl+p+g
al414"J +s+zl %r-BsE gd^la+.
"lzl+o+9 zl$ {elel aril ++, t 4+4 "l$q +41= ++"+ Ae
gE cE¤ E+E +84.
^le.e
E gG): t'r{t)a,

v .f:. [o, [,]q^l ¤4 1}folo r= a* b,r.}ololl,r-l HsJtr}. szl r4l

¤zl,<l
v: fltl E+tlg I f glEcll, "E zttsql^J H6I= fl¤sE '++tr+. rzl a_
EI
C¤ f"lE, zlB I'fO,#= E+t f"14. q+ql ,E EEI^l7lE, +
I'tTars HoE olql q?+ ,9 ElfE 4el6l-=Ell, olE s(")e Ll4U+.
bt
f 7l "i+* ErfolE, g(r)E "Sel rztlzl /el rqs "I4el 'Jole all
0 () x

reJ t
"ol{l7/lzlE Hol"s d46IzI. rB 19 tr4.)
^ig + ?l+. sZ
(

v, F E B+ /E iratlsts ral 2et ,Ja sG): I't@drg nll, s(o), .q(r),

2-
v= f(t) s(z). g(t), s@), s(s)E ,JE aolal. lqr.sE 7tl+4?] rafis= -r.elal..
I
\ l H4 g(o): I'ft)d.t:0"J9 +"J6laI. rB aglrj g(1)ol trl+!+ A+
() l2
ll \i t
I
*4BE Holfl9 "J + ?l+
g(r) : [' rular: f,o - 2) : 1

adz
324 . 4158 4E

s1. E= r ) Oq^l E+gg Ri+^l7lE B+ /e]r f oE zlzf a|g +E ,(t) : I"f{')dszl )rlg zlzl
*"I4. vel 4e 47J TZ aC6I4.
6+
I f(t) dt:2 t/i
*
(c) (0, rlql^l cq 4+Ag aC6I+.
(d) ce+ I + g9 r4s= Ag 4|s SEql r?]
r,, ol a+ql (a)9 d4E $q+.
32. qE dt zl¤ q^lql^l ,r1l-=.9 A+Et
^l^Bg + q¤ 4la EI^I7I a+6.J +s tlilE zlzlb (¤4
"J*tsq|, 4* zlrlE I/oltrl. ol .r,l^89 7}ilts 33.

f :l(t)el H!+¤-s 61q6ll, *zlulE n:s(t) 4"J H+g f : f(t)-E Eqzl=rll, {zl.<l tE p}
e q+q gg *+le +cQl
el E+&E +zt¤E|. 4zl,<l , el ++lE ¤o14. ^l"Jo B6t +elql ^l
ol El^[= A+q
tol4. +il$ +6I +?]E 41"14 rA BI8 .4
ol
^lAflg -E{B 44e] ^l7l$
?e
zlr $.rlolzf qEq,
ol 6l^|E +6ll +el ,J4q Ell
a6}qr +E}. Bl4e1 TQiA)g A46II. dq.
(a) rlg=4 rJol
'J ^l7J
*zt. {a) /'/(s)dsz} u}zluJsE +6ll +?]t q*q t
c(t) : + I,r/(s) + g(")) as 7]lE E"J ol c-ilel TIil +rJg +4r.ll= ol+
¤E6I?+.
cE "J4l+= C(t): f (t)+ s(r)E "J+^l7l= (u) =
c: C(t)E qgn+ 'Jol FzI.
r.ll,rl 44Bg BqE.
(b) r+s=+ pol zl.{o}z}. cG): il^. I'r.;,o,l
(o<t<30) 5lE +9!g 'I$'ilq, El^l-= ell CE +IAEI6I
!(t):{#-#'
I o (t>so) fl-r. o|;-z1z
(c) C4 al*Ae c(T): f(r)E "J+^171ts t: T
g(t):# (t>o) ql^J +Ettsg Eq+.

E zls 4EH
El4BEq zl$ A?-l q+ql, 9s_i6g *= +417I +e6ttrI. fdql
9"lE +4e qg4 Ae 4+g C6l-= %IHg 'JE+zl ?*b+.
U tr",[r*70"
olfl 4e¤ C6I= +elel dqe Hf rE ue H|+q zlEg
. olsg 2.8eql^l 4elfl+. u:1G) ^ilEe Hf
olg rtu: I'G)a""14. +++6I= 4,o14. uE ^l tnql^l oJel + u:t*r2ole| alz|.
rel$ "9 ol$9 =s ^-1,
du:2r d*o14. 49 zlE.ll,\ dx! ul$oE 61146}
tr, ul¤ 2rdr7l Eql Ll4l+ss, a%|+6lzlts g}ltzlql B^l4ee +
^l
¤-4 ,Jol CB + 91tri.
lA tz.'/r*Jo*: f r,E+r'z*o*: f rfrau

구적분 Sf 1g) gidu= f1g)

 5.5 rl$ z13g . 325

: Zutl, + c: lt , * r)r,, *c
:dql EI¤-4 aol ¤41 Hzlg 0l+6ll^l trE olxl"J E}+= ol+alH,
^l
glel col 4+{}g +.Jg + ?l+.

*{?t"'+r)'/'* r}: ?- *t"'+t)'/' .Zr:2,,ffiT

gH}4se t{ot lls'G)ds EE +48 + 9tE 4+9 4+"ll=
I ol

fl *Hol -ftEalzl| 4+¤q. F': f olE 4¤.ol tBdlg +e6}z}.

E ! r'(sb)) g'(r) d,r : F(g(x)) + c
ell+r}ts g4l ts4ql goll 4*ol ^dB6L7l {l$ol4.

fitrtnt")))
: r'(g( *)) g'(r)
u: g(r)e 'Hf HS' EE 'il+'6IH,
^l
trq qql 4gg g=q.
f r'(ob))g'(r)dn: F(g(s))+ c: r(r)+ c: t r'fu)du
E= F' = I E_ +98 El*g E=4. f
그적
ffgd=, .g ff
'
g
! rtnt"ll g'G) d,, :! flu) ou
.

ol"ll ule| r}+ B{g +BtUEl.

ilE 841 u: s(x)z} "lE 7l-ts'ti tlf"l:l zl9ol +7J Io lq /E Eq
E il$ HZI substitution rule
/ql^l ¤4olfl, ffiol dfl{l+. ilS 4+B substitution rule
for integralion
t rtnr"ll s'G) d, :I f tu) ou

4$"tl qt} il+ Bsl, + il+ zlEH.$ "l$otl Eil+ ¤41 Ezlg ol+ql
LL:g(")olts 6r: s'(x)droloE, il$ Bzlg zlq6t= tI
^l +$fltrt.
Tizl %LHg dr94. du¤ ul+o.e ^J46tE 4"14.
:ae.loe. il+ Haql E|4, 4E 7lE Floll LI9ts elsg} d,uE trl=aH 4
zltr + 9l+.
fn J r'"o"(ro +z)doE *otz[.
EO " -y4q2-e. ilg61+41, ul$"l d,u:4rld,xolzJ {l$oltr}. 4eqlts
o1f azl $.o oE, x'd*: *du$ al$ B4g ol¤:6IH trt¤¤ E=+.

| ,'"o"(*n + z) 6r: t ' au: Ln

f
"o"" + "osud'u
: 1
f sinu* C

t
N42
=
 326 . xil58
^18

: ].irr(rn +z)+ c
g4e-l Bf z-=. +ElLlioi t+.
r ol$6|l,r-l B.9 de"1z1 "l7lE +4lq^l:
il+ zi+H9 zlsE ol+b gtle ^Jql4sg ++tI {+g q ++"J
4Eo e Hl-+= 4"14. fl4el Hf ,E ^ll.ES Hf "E Hl-+E El=q, q
zl4 u* 19 ilfol4. qE EH -H-zl lql^J uiB /r'"o.(rn +z)arg cl

il+ zlBHg ol86J uI zI* qel+ +41E., zl¤.J

~
il+g ^J46ll,ll=
ffiglxli glcxdN
는
dol4. ~
zlBg t++el 'H+q 9l= q¤ i}+E u-E c46l_EE{, :1 trl+ol
닌 (^J+ "J+E zll$all) 4E.J ci+ql E+^l ul4qot {}4. trzl lol ola

A
…

얘를 미분한게 적분할식에 A+9+. "la"l EzlbalE, uE 48ts i++ql^l +Stl PBqe Cq6tl
한 번 데 t+. (q4lB tlc rl+el "J+ t++E dqB + 9l+.) gElE zlffi {zl
+16ll^l= EtE 7l¤ol B-aa1q. ga ffiol= 4?zl EE4 *+. i]¤.
,

9 #+ol 4+Elzl ?*sE, += ,l+g ^lE6lz}.

f_
E J v2"-t drE Eolet.
EUII u:2r+ 1ol+ 6}zl. rel$ du:2du olEs dr: td,uolQ. :zelE
s il+ Haql EI+ trI¤¤ EEtrI.
I o;n o*: f J-" . +au: f, t u,/,au
I u 3/2
2 w * c: tut/, + c
: ter*t)t/z * ,
EIil 7l-b{ ?lE s. +E ilsg u-- '/2"+r ol4. olull ffiol ¤Bt+.
4u: -{ d,r : ,/2r * L du: ud,u
t/2r*l' ,
(EE 12 :2r* lolEE- Zud,u:Zdrol4) El{^-l ++g EEE+.

I,nna,:
f u.ud,u: t,'au
:+*c:lt,*t)t/z*, r
EEEr ri------4:'g {oLZf
t/l-4r
EO "- 1- 4r2ol4 a|fl, dz: - 8r drolaE rd,x: - *O"ol+. tr+{^l
trlgg e=q
네 ( ← sx
=

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- 네

뛰튀
tan= 터
sl
벤테
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: -*(, Ji)+c- -f,'/nn7*c tr /

-t

s-zl 39 B9 "l+oll^J f 9lzl"J, r4EE ol*all,tJ $"J"IexL.

q"JB
:.8 13 A+EiE ^l-S6ll^i 4+tr itf /("):,1 ,/r-q*' eI r +c 4
Y -l
g@): jflx')dx

.l
-ral
E g(r) : - + h - 4? E r4sE t*41 :2il 1o14. (c: o'J a+E q
JE I

iR+.) gG)E fG)zl g+"J q eaalr. f(")zl "J+g trll ¤tzla}4

f(*):-+
r/L-4r'
f\):o "J oll +l*<tg ,ilt+. l4o+ :.4szt "J+{^b 4E gzl f I g(,): t rAv,
qEil++: ^Idol
Ei'&.il -E..J4. :-f,'E-a
Eal J ""dzE 8oEt.
Et[ u :5xE+9H, d,u:Sdrolpe 6r:lauolQ. u]a[,rJ El-+g EEtr].

f "'"0": I I "ud,'tt,: !"" * C: !"t" + c I

qESg
fizl fj-r.E r <tg *g + ilg d"14. +^l trql^l 4l
=
trql 9l= 4+B iI+: Hla t++e.l Eq++e+ "J+
iI+E Et++el
*ole|= +4g +"JslE, -E-71 tg trlg!} zJol ¤ + ?t+.
+ z) a*:
f *t "o"(rn f .o"(*o + z) . *3 d,,
1
t +z) . (a*')a*
4 "or(*o
+ z) .
1

4 t "o"(,0 *ro + z) ax

1
4
sin(ra +z)+ c
u|{!z}zlE, l,7l 4E +3-r+ zJ"l ¤ + glE+.

I ",, a" : I f ue', d* : + I *G")a* : l"'" + c

-z*zlr} 4* Bzlts q.+ +*6-Iz, ol"ll trl+ il+¤. B^14-e.-E E
9sz} 114.

EEE / tanrdrE C6lal.

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I www.slewartcalculus. com
ol4l z: cosrE il+6IE du: - sinrdrolo-g sirrzdr : - duol
Additional Example A= ts-el
tr|. tr++^l Et+g g=q.
f .on*d.r:
JJcosrJu /sinr d,r:- f Lo*
: -lnlul+C: -lnlcosrl+C t

- Inlcos rl : ln(lcos rl-'): ln(t /lcos rl): lnlsecrlolEe, .Hzl 59] A

4= ++4 aol ++H +E 9l+.

E I tanr dr: ln lsecn: | * C

x{
o r{E!.
-g

4+E {fg +g trl+ + z}xl qr$ol zl$.a}4. ,* z}xl *

il+-e--tr. C
Be +A zl$g Hzl CoJ {gq C 4+E 7lE C4E "l*olE aolEl.
qlE EH, E-71 24 a4= 0l+6ll^1 4g-e ee + fl+.

f ^ ,n," *t o*: .tr" + L r,I : lt ,* ,;.,z'] '

f ,
: |{r;',' - }try',' : !or-,): +
EL^J rl "*"1 "l*alE +E %He H¤ tsIE q 4E {}4lE Hl"+= 4o14.

t ol Hzlql El"| C zi¤.ll^j zlgg trll=

rei dr+loJ otq4 zl¤. t4l4zl E ilqq^J ¤4o1ts 4¤."1 CB'tI+.
E Ag 4le+ Bf "el ^l-g..tr. Lt4
.llot tl4.
e* s:bq ^llEg 4E EI4IE ":o
ql*61-='&el AEol{. [' rial) \- d,,
J ou "'\- " rs'(r)' -'
: J[o'u' f (u) o,
S(o)u

rE /E qEi++ep a;-21. rEE Eql el6|l r(.q(r))b f(g(r))g'(")

=E E qEi++oltrl. :1elEe c zl+el 7lE cqql E6ll ffiol cB++.
7b 16
! www.stewartcalculus.com r(o(z))l F(o(b))- F(g(a))
Additional Example BE E+.
J ,f(str))g'(r)dr: ,:
:rdrll c zi+e-l 7lE aqE trI^l zl+6lE r++g gEtrI.
rs(b) | c(a)
l-
r g(o) Ifu)au:
F(u) | : P(g(a))- F(g("))
l.q(o)
tr
 5.5 xll! 43ut . 329

tuo J:6hE'rE aoel r.H-zr 6e 4Be lia#*=

EO, - 3-5r4 *zt. fel$ d,u: -sdrolEe d,x : -fauo|4.'r;|E ,J*6lrll ++U X"14.

+ 4B +alE *zl ?loll,tl , r:1"J q u:3- r(t): -2ola a:2

"J 4l u- 3-s(2): -7'Jg +"J6lzt. trlzl4 El¤¤ E:E+.
f' d* 1 f-'dr-- 1
5[[-!l-'
/,(e-bx)z--- 5J-rr' ,)-,
: +(- +.+): +
#l-;:
trJg rl-*B trI= 4+E! Flq H+ rE sls-o[7[zl g]EE]. ttul u
ql +f, 4g u9 4¤+ ai
^lolq^J c6IH
¤trt. I

G r J:YdzE Eat'ar.
t Ezl79 : (lnc)/c| r >
ilf /(o) 1

oJ Ell 4Eg a4 2
o}+olo-e, ol
Etll u: lnr.E t=ql, "19 ults d,u:drltT| 4Bql ul44zl 4lEol4. ql^J qErll ri4u ¤qE .Jol4.

x:19 4l u:ln1:Qol-tr, x:eoJ 4l .r:lne:loltrl. -14o.tr- v

trI¤¤ e=4. 0.5 lnx

v .r
1
tr
[Ya,: f'uo':+)', 2

a
0 ex
qe Ef+
4g A?-lE C 4+q q"J il+ Hzlg qaCg --1 el c
^lH B+el
JAL
"l+611^l
zl$ Cg ttfl 611+4.
E 4E *i f zl l- ", "loll,9 S+ol4 6lzl.
E1|A Et+el

(a) \zy a+ tl+t+,f(-s; :/(z)JolH, l",fG)dr:21'f{*)a"

OI E+ 무
(b) f 7V g B+tg, f? r): - 1(3)lolH, /-',/( r) dt :0 ol+.
기
4$.g 4++ aol F z[-e E4alz}.
=E
tr t" ,ftda*: fo "f(c)ar + t" fa)a,
: - I:" rb) a' + t" rG) a*
z|$ eE4 Hql^l a4 4eql zl* 7t: -rE 4*alzl. relE
fly- - d,rolA, t: - ats 4l u: ool4. f4o-g ffiol dflfl{.
rb)d,,: - Iirr- u)(- d,u) : f r? u)d,u
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F
diF du
-

t
5위 에
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330 ! r1lSer 4E *
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v "l4r.l ^l tre
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g u)d,u *
f
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(a) fzl at CI+"J q, ,f(-1u):f(u)oloE tr= 4g!+ zJ"l E4
-a 0 a .r ^l
(a) lzl4| *+"J q, l" : t' f(u) du + t' ral a, : f" z fG)ax
_ftda*
t _rat*:2t"y@)as (b) f 7l E B+"J /(- u) : -,f(?,)o1lr e ^l gE +q-r+ ,Jol ¤trI.
B||,

v f" "r{dd,r: - t"rolau+ t"f(u)d,r:o tr

-a 0 i'.4., a ,t
Ce-l Eg:aH 3q ql^liu+. l7l "&+AI tlf"l.r 4 B+"J C*q, (a)
.ll tr}+ -aPEl avl^ly: lG) oI49 HolE {AC q+ql o*el aTlz\
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f" ^f{')o':n "4 .?le| ,:7G)9 oI49 Holql^J r4 ol-44 y: IG)el 9E H"lE
a
u <l-9-.=. s.Bg+ 91trI. :14oe. (b)ql tr}4 ola Holz|.rle" c4goe.
JE9
-El
4+ <te 0"14.
우
Efr f G): 16 + 1e /(- r): f(r)fl EJ+^l7ls-e E Er+olr. qgol
¤=JEttrl-.

f' * L) d'r: l,*'+ r)ar

2
,r"o
-2 lio *,)'n:4+*4: T
기 우
EUtr f G):kanx)/(L+12+rn)E f?r): -,f(r)E oJ= l7lEE,
olts B+olr q8ol c=JEttrt.
= ×우기어 ft tanz
--'-*
에 t
J -rt+12+14 dr:O I

5.5 olg E4l

α
1-6.+q{ il+g ol$ollrl +g 4Eg *"I4 al sin t/i d,x, u: \E

α
,,TU " dr, u: -I ,/;
, I,(4+x')'od.r, u:4*rz sl cos3d sino do, u: cos 0

, rr''r/r\ta*, u:rs+l al sec2 (t /

s
r) at' 'tL:
1
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8 기원 우자
o, ['*0,
ㅇI
44 cosr sin(sin r)dz
,. I -sin(r')dr ,a"d,,
[''
어 8.
p2
원

I eiar"
8
4s. J 46
t (J-zr)s dr
r*{*-tdx
gI
t
10.

9 =---- t

". Itu{."
g I [' ",It
P
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47. v
o e tz
o, 48.
t/ 71- 2r
dr

DI &I G,rto"* αI o,
,

dr r *ntur*) d,*
13. 14. . _'),^(,'+
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I
I 6;+G* I uJtlV Jig
-

[:",lfra,
8I .' 8II
a*
15.
br2
쳐마해며 활
16. au
uo.
*

u, I"'4
17. sinntdt
9t"'ffia,
18.
sin r,/i
___----
\/fi
,
d.r
,2.

어I
19.
P
-dry
,ET7 +qd +tq^l
d,, ++q
20. co.oo sino do s3-s6. E+S S+Ag *oI4

8
I ㅇI
sin(lnr) X 53. /(t) : te- , [0, S]
21. s inh2r cos h z dr 22.
fr
"
션 lET;3, sa. gG): [0, z]

ㅇI
rz
23.
[ 1".* tanvl P csc2rd'r 24.
tan 'x
-------------- cLI
L.T T
55. h(z): sintr, [0, ,t]
cos4u
는

턴I
56. h(r) :tl\+r)2, [t, o]
fd* 26.
cos(nlx) ,
*
J fr=
25.
sin-rr r"^u&
L
gI
I:,(r × ur. + s) a" E F zllg 4EE +]-e-s
u.
T
e_ '[n- "'
t =""'*tanr .

n
d,r 28.
f e'+L ol + 6F+E H"lE 6ll461l^i, at¤- ,.I.tE|.
29.
/ s'"io (s')at -dt
ur /. " ,/r -i ar E zl*atl -: E4e Ee 4E
30. f---L*
J cosztll+-tant g 'Jols 446il^1, :1 ag *"|4.
31.
f
J u-o";d"
sin2r ,,T * cos'r^
1
sin z
d,x
s9. +g + ..Jol7| ,r.le t¤ i¤? ol*=?
33.
I t(zr + 5)* d, tol --t/*2+t drT
3
t
Y = 2xe'
v

I
:
35.
1*x
----
tfI
, d,:r ,,T l*rnt .
---------- d,r
v= el' .y e"in'sin 2x

lr t x
lr i

s7-sz. trl+ C 4eE a}g +"14.

60. ,{} A.$olel 7l; r.ll^l-g(kcal/h)ql q{! sBg
37
I,' cos (ntl2)dt 38
!' la* t, a, R(t):85-0.18cos (zrtltz)olc|. {zl4 tE 9
3e. Jo[' W+ t" a" 40 f' d* d s^l+El d an+ ^lt(^I, h)o14. 24^lA toJ
Jo lx+t q^t /-E(t)dtE
"l ^tgel d4 zla
gotoJz}?

A' f '''.""nr"otntd,t
T: secz(tl q) dt 42
J rla
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61. 4+ zJtrr $=.2[ ^14 t:0oJl El4^J r Edr.e+ 6s. /z| ¤4"1-l. t)r(-ld,r:ro"J q, t'f{rr)a*
4 4*zl r(t): 100e-o n"(t-lh)el 95ffi-g ,r.Hq
+ejz 9l+. iJg ,* ^lt t..J Bulq y*9 s-9"1 E Ae 4.i+
,r.flolu]-9|z|!
66. /z[ S+ol.a I,rt"ld,r:4.J EL I,"f(*\a*q
62. ulrll4ol 7H4l+ol aoout4oll.rJ eg4^J H+&
r(t): (aro.zos)et'"tu"(olel/^l)g ¤!716I-r. fl <t9 *oI4.
4. pl4z[ qE7]?
^la flql $ql4otb E
r.1l
67. tzl R ollrl ¤+.J q, +-3¤ +8?'14.
ur. 641zl= fzl4"Jql, Eol+l7le_l
^lzlq^l 4dzlg
¤vl7l sd* E¤: +71= E saolq. EIIEE *|- fiax)ctr: I_irr,,o"
71 314 EEES eI o.st /sol4.
"lE ++4 oe IG)> oolr o ( o < boJ a+ql, rBg rq^l
i++ /(r): tsin(2rtls)zldlnteE *rl EEEql ol E4g zl4q4"J H"lg CtEo s-8. El46I4.
4rI e.qoe ++ ^F&q= olf¤ ¤E+trt ol s
Bg ol+6tl^-l ^lq tq Eu}ll gEg *7lE +ul$ 68. f zl R oll,<-l d+"J trI, El¤¤ +¤6I+.
4"IeL
zl* El^lb ^IE.g 4EzlE xila6lE ^84I I)r* + c) d,x : to*' rtd a,
6a. ojefu|lul
4.Jg ¤il9ltrt. t+ fl 4ltlTlE ^J4I6l+ +EE + lG)> 0"J a+q, :fBg rq^l ol falg zlo[
gn+ eE+.
c+4.J Hol9 dr5oE q461q.

#:rooo(,-trffi)r.rru+r 6e. a4 D7l "J+"J {, ffiol CBi}g trq+.

El, agqE rEEZITI ,rql-eg 7l+ql 9fafx1 g,o I, ,"(1 - ,)u d, : I, ,o(1 - r)" d.r
-s.E ^Jt) +E7l HtrI.) rjlr,ll + a+q 'Jlall + "J
zizl ..8418 4ltzl *"t4.
'll+=

s++ TtlLJ +oJ

(a) tlf /el "-1"J {}g 4eE L+4qq. 4 zlaq (u) /(r)> 0 oJ
I' f @rJr E zlolol4-qe 446lzL
"ll
*¤ ¤E6l-+. (c) f (r) 7l oJ+e+ ¤+ a.g s+ ,+l6J o\,
/(r)> 0g rL E"J ttg zlololzlse 6ll^J6l
(b) .[' f (")a"
E|. rB oe ++.ll+. E zlrlqi4eE 6il.q6t+. rB os Lt+{+
(c) /(r)7I oJ+e| g+ &g E+ +lB
'L p-l"J tI 3. 6d Bzlg ,ttl+.
¤ zlalol4-q-_e 4^i6I"+. rB o e +4q4.
4. (a) C zteE ,lB CeiE ,qE.
2. (a) o*el bzlzl 7E C zl$q {EE 44. /zt ¤ (b) "Jal EEI A?]E,rA.l?+.
+olr z)olzl ae +s +rJ-- 0l+618, a (c) Eol 4fzle gHEolzI-E HEl¤ r(r)o1
"t
e]} "lB4 t$6l flEzt? +tg
"fl, ur,["'r(t)d, E *6l"tszl-?
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5. (a) +c 4B I tt"ldr 9 H ¤B6t+. k) f"" a(t)d, E +*.9 F6l+7t?

(b) a 4+ I'fG)drs+ tc 4+ | t@dt
^l
olel +4lb Pfi."JzI?
8. (a) A7J [a, b]ql^J t]+ /9 g+tte F9,'Jz]?
(b) zjeq r.H.J q+A Cq= +tg ftafizlr zl
e. ul4Ert9 zlE 4"lel + ++g E.+ ,]?+. ai44 " _a 446IE.
7. o)zlzl 4dg tri+ "J+lE. $E u(t)m/s4 zl4s. s. 'ul$olzle| zl+6171: ^le q !+aol+."+= "J
a(t)E 8zl"J+l, i+zi. e-l i$ C+6lrll dB6I+.
(a) t*
"(t)d, = +9,9
E6Its7I?
(b) !^l"tt)larb Fi¤ *6l.=71? 10. il¤l H4g *le}. dzlle "lE qBr]l ol¤-sl*=7t?

**

E301100
ox E4l
&
mn

El-S Brllei +4 4Ag tH6'Ia}. }ol{, r ol+=

¤B6tzL zl}lolB, I olffi ,gBqa+ HlqlE +l+.
1. /+ gzl la, blql^l ts4"18, 4g-"1 dg6Jtrt. 8. /e+ gzl
t tf(r) dr > g(r) dx

"ls zJi:rp. a1t < bql^l IG) > g(x)

"J Ell, alr<bq^J f'G)> g',(z)ol4.
[' ttal+ g(,)] a*: lu f (r.)da + fu sG)a*
2. f el s7t la, blql,t'l ¤4"1S, ffio1 CBttri. , t',(,'-6ue+dffi) dn:o
r.t n;u dr : : fu Gr' + c) ax
[' ll', *, *)(l"at *) ,o. + bx + dt
tr tt ulor2
c) 2

3. fz| [o, a]o1,t1 fl4olQ, E]gol CBfltr+. 11. .e= B+ B+el Eil+zt ¤zllttrl.
l,b fb
12. EE ¤+ B+q 9s*fzt
J,UIG)dr:5J ,fG)ar =zllt+.
,, : I:""
4. f zl [a, b]ql,t1 s4"lE, ffiol cBttr]. t "" d* d* . I:"" d*

rb
J
(*) dr : r Jfb ar 14. I' f?)dr : OolE, 0 < r < 1"ll^l /(o) : ooltrt.
""f ,lG)
5. f7V [o, a]ql.,.l ¤+oln f(r)> OolH, cl-'3"1 C 15. f zl [a, a]q1,q ffiol dB+tr].
¤4olE,
BtlE|.
*(l''*)a*): rb)
['rttOlo': ,[ 16; ,u Il(, - ,')drE oPel 2zlzl 14 u: a -r3 ot
6. f '71 [t, s]q1,t1 S4olE, ffiol Cg+E]. 49 HolE +4U+.
3

I, f '(u) du: /(s) - /(1) ,r. I_,\0,:-*

t. f * gz| fl$olL al r < bql^l /(r)> g(r)9
trll, ffiol cBt+.
15. f zlogl.rl E¤4olE, /',/(")dz E+46}zl elE+.
334 r xll58 4E

E+ E4I
otql fBq +E+u /el r4s=
0l+6ll^1, ++ + ¤8614
¤d
zJol el"J llg ato}4. .Egeg (a) S4
TlloJ )
¤drl (b) +d-qs q6I+. 4 a+q Eil6} rBg b

le]r, 4"J t*"1 E'86I.= El^-= ¤86t4. (:

J
,(

2
v: f(xl o

0 2 6 x

6. ++ ZI9 *ol-4

2. (a) +* il+q q+ E"J Bg til ,1|E +E +rJ+

(a)

(b)
t*
+
(e"'"'"n') dr

ctar
s=+ ¤AsE q6il^J r Ag * I,' e dt:

t
.s.gAg dT
ol4, (c) d arctarr,
eat r,
,

lG):r'-* (o<r<2) CI,fr

rBg 0l+6ll^'1 4"J i*"1 +4ql= tsl-= ¤E t-32. Elg 4E {tg (=416}E) *ot4.
6l+.
(b) (sE+ edg ol8+) 4 4Bel C9E ol* ,. l't *' + Jr2) ctr , f ,'Gn -ro+z)d,r
611^l El¤- zlE ag c6le|.
fr qr, _ ,) a,
,. f ,,'h - *n) a" ,, t0 - r)n d,
Jo
(c) ul4$ql9 zl$ A"-l= ol+6ll^J (b)E Bg +
r. t,n&aAau ,, I:( \ti + ,lu ',

oz
"J6IE. ,t. t'16' + t)u aa 14, I v' t/t + v' ,ta
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 6.2 A4 ^1E4 A'4 itEt . 343

m al4 4E+ A[4 il$

olH eq^l: t4 t}+e| +H¤ 4+ "t il+g 56ll +4 4+-e--a H tol
+4 zl+ trigonometric integral
+B + 9lE 4+ql '}l6fl 9otE4. l$r-i il+ trisonometric substitution

a4 ={E
1 -
S류

q7l^l= 1(
,d'4 E^lg ol+611^J ,ili4 tI+Eq et}g 4BtE+. H 너
…

=C.J =
a^I.Jel ,lE4lEE 4eg go}trzl.
Sc xdx fcx( rszxid *= flr
x-l β
^IoJr+ - uidu

V ☆ 에
fE &f "or'*drE Cotal.
문제설계 SNFU
cpd =du
.

U-

sluc
EO ^l+ u: cosrE E-gol .J 94. 9t+slH du: -sinrdrolzl Ql$ol
.

4. arI"J9 ,l$4l+g 4$6tzl +l"ll^18, q+E sinr olfzl gs6}

cl.. o|gzlzls
^ItE 4E4lEe
qBE cosz ?If7I e+gq. r4^l : S (xdx= SA - 31sxtc
{ zl,<JE 7^}"J ?l+ 6'i+= 846|.I' tt"lzl "o"2, oJ+¤ +{
sin2c + cos2e: 19 ol+4^l {s=r+ Aol ^I"J.$ +fl¤ e Hl"+zI.
^Jo
cor3, : co.2, . cos, : (t - sin2r)cosr
relE 7lS u: sinrE 4E¤ *g + il4. au: cosodrolEE, 4
# E=+.
:
f .rr'r 4* : | "o"'* .os, a* t i- sin2r)cosr dr
.

: I h- u')du: 'r- *r'* c: sinr- |sin3r+ c r

"JHI4ss ^1"J4 ?^IoJel 4Enll+4 +H¤ ul4+ ++E 6|+E ^IoJ
"J+(e| L+qzlE E^IoJoe s.¤g ^l) E= 6lL+el a^t?l "J+(el 4olzlE
eloJ"=l S¤¤ al)9 gg +ElqE+ +trt. E^l sin2r*cos2r: rg "l*
6IE, a^loJel 4+ aE4E¤
^r"J!+ ^ls 4E a"e H*^lrJ + 9l+. tE_zl 2g El4+ ++ sinsrcoszcg|

GVJ ,inurco"2rdrE *ola[.

1C:0oJ olel +4 4+9 f4E
E fB 1q +4H+. qL- aol q'-
4"J71?
Etll coszr3 r-sin2rE H+g f :lzl"J, r+41 6IE q+E cosz flol o.2

sinrE E:4. r44 +94 zJol oI*9 ^loJ oJ+E +461r

^lEI
*olzl sinar$ cosrB tl44xl.
-n
AK n
s insncos2s : (sin2r)'cos2rsirr, :
ol4l z:coscE il+6'lE du:
(1
- "o.'r)'"os2esino
-sinrdrolo-=. ++g g=+.
V\L
-0.2
*int x d,r : t {rin'r)2 cos2x sin r d.t
f ".os2 1fl1
: I i- szrsinrd,t 1 -2대 u4
= 2n4
개
로
tH

"or'r)'"o .

SSN( 주KX xd=du

태
=
=
f
( 니리나 uyudu
x
SxS* sN
* 주신류
<
=

7 nn
-
5
-
14
도5luzt c
= -y
1
F1
*
도c 5+ c
 344 r 11168 4E9 7lH

:f tr_ u')'u'(-du): - Ifu'-2ua+u6)d.u

: - ("tl; -2t+;)+
n1t5 ,'\ c
: - C tr
+co.'r* |"or"r- |.or7xt

sel + -H_7lql^l: ^I"Jr+ a^IoJE g+ 4E^ll+ql^l 6I+E ql+= Bel

o|:a{ulxl 4}+ ,lE4l+g H+t[4. :rdr]l zl+6J *+ql ^].J.4 ?^]"Jel
4L+ 4E4l#"J"1 gt'Jg {lb "Ifl d+g "l+g + fl+. "lH a+ql= q
g4 ae HI4 +4g ol+c- + ?14. (++ Aq fl= 17bel l?aE E.4.)
^l
rts-zl 33 rg 2"ll ++U gqq H :
sin2r: i,t. - cos2r), cos2, irr* cos2r)
olzl rl2oJg Eq=+.
1.5
CMFt2SX =U
2n adp d 의
=

,V
mm
.

)= sin2x
Tπ
t" "in'*dzE flolaf. 다
π 딸 ( xld - πLxd 를S cuzlduli .

피지 나( F u
≈
= -
=

. f .

EO . in?t :1- cos2r-E +Elt-|]E, 4eg Bfzi trl ,J*6ilxlzl ?+=+. r

0
Bzl"J sin2r ql ql'J H]4 +4g ol+61-E trI¤¤ E=trI.
vwmm

-0.-5
--rel ,
rd-
Asin
V =- Cos 2X
l",in'*o": + I;(1-cos2r)
o,:l+F- |,i,,r")];
Pf ) C2X= CxcA - SN.
sx= 1
- 2s)
<☆
I-
SS
:+( " - +,i,,2,) - +(, - |,i,,0): *"
V
sincgl cosr9 7'1,=E lEi= 4=5t= EJE cos2z$ zt$g q, q*,+s.tr. u:2re il$lt+. ol zl+g += E
-E-71 1-4ql^l +94'J¤ d*.1 4* +E %IBg 6.1eE 9B Exll 31q^J 4rllt4. 2 r
며
¤9 9.f*4.
( i) cosr9 ,1541*ol E+olE, tF+E
n^l{ "J+= eq6}a cos2u : - 1
V
EA t rino*drE *olal. = SSi
( NdN
여=가에 4 ,4

= 뺨때
먹했
Pdk
-
(
ㅡ

메
ㆍ

sin2r$ ol$oll,tl +qzl "Jz|E E[l ol zlEe sin"xd,rql qq]A"J ¤L^l(6.1¤E 4l

m4BAl trzl 39
sinr:e.l .lg.tr' *.Et+, r4a t
z:sino.E ils6J+. "l+El^J
(0.rge1 qfl
g^il 31q^le+ zJol) cE + flr+. :24* rl *
(ii) sinr9 4E4hi.l¤+oIB 6ILls-1 g H3tsg. Elgrl zjol sinac: (sinrr)'o e ,!Ai Hl4 *^l¤ oJ+61+
oJzF= +el6}I. sin2o:1-
^I"J aolr+.
cos2ir$ ol$a|.rJ 4"lzl qlzl-E
coszel {gE .E.Bft+. f-ela ("in'r)zd,,
u:cosrE il+ttr}. t "innror: f
(iii; ,r1o.14 3^f"JE 4E4l+ol s+
APO atf"lE, E++ HI4 *{g ol+ : I ('- "i"')' o*
++. 도 (
1 - el
. 나멜 "
sin2r: *(1_cos2r),
(cos?fi: *(t +cos2c) 최 ( fca.
: + I b - zcos2r + cos22r) dr
D
++ trl-g E4l¤- 018-6}= Aol cos'zrz\ +El+e.tr, +Sl} ,Jol tI4 +4g EEI^I "l3.g+.
C2 p ← S) E+ol 94.
π
1 -

2Sx
sinrcosr : tsin2a cosrz*:
*,, * cos4r)
+ZL4 41 S (23 - 2 t 24P ) )
XS ( r - z(2x +(국 xId
QTA (41 S)
( 1 - 2c 2
x+
= 1 =
(
1
4
삼함
M
에서 여이 되게~ 그래야적분이니응 Z-
l IS ! 1 S4xtc
S (3 3 <I × ] d 1
러"
ㅡ

"… 2
-

임 4
"
-Cx
C 2F (x S
칭 C2A -S cM
흥국 4IS lSkxtc
-

FCx
2xt
32
=
IC- 1 쁠
-
2 K 21= -
4 <류1+ 로 2H= LHA
 6.2 #4 r{E4 t4 xl¤l . 345

ol"ll tr|4 El¤-g E.=E+

f "innro*: I I \, - 2cos2r+ ]tr + "o.ar))dc

1
4 Ie-2cos2r+f,"o"a,)a*
1
4
(+"-sin2z+ |sinar)*,
Hl+'a dqg 0l+6ll^1 ,f an^*secnrdn ¤9 zi+g CB + ?l+.
: sec2rolo-e, ,ec2, tJ+E +?-l6}f 4olzl ^IAEE (4+)
(ald,r)ta.nr
aE4{-¤ f,ll sec2r: 1* tanzxz ol+4^J Bdltre+ +A¤ ^l-9-s H
SB + 91tr1. E= (alat)secll:secrtanzoloE, secrtanr "JfE B se(국Id duw =

el6la .*"lzl Edlse.l (zt+) fl$xil+g rld=e. H+B + 114. tanAF 나

민* 1d 최와 nluc
파 Su무
Ssecaxtanonld
µ 드
=
0 이
Uqtu 에
EEE J tunu*secocdst lol'at. Se( lsecx
국

1 t+ 1 tnxt
대
… E
어
EO 6f+9 sec2r$ +el6'IE, 4"lxl seczr$ 54 sec2o: 1*tan2z$ o'l / seczx
i+ tan주 =
미

+El^l edlEq 4ss -EBg + 9+. u:tar,zE il$a|4 d'u:

sec2rdro]reE. q+r+ Bol 489 *g + fltrI.
.*nu, r dn : t tunu * sec2t s ecz* d,r
t ""ca
7
TIL : I t^nur(t + trrr'r) sec2a d,r
d seco
Co
= Secotn θ= 험
do
- w 이 du
d

du
…

Secotanodθ= du
: t ,ui + u2) d.u: f 6u + u8) d,u
y
: +* {*' Itt =se ②

:lt^n'*+f,tan%+C I
Secθ= U
Secotanod= du U으로나오니 Vr e[ secr el 71EIllEIg E1S]ts EIE
du = Suocu
4 대4 d니 tan
.

EEE on'e".c'r. do* fiotat. sㅡ

-to 4secr
J [ 4 .
SeEo .
SC
비
(U지
때

U *태사의나 +n IMc + ts71 5e+ 6ql^1 El^gr+ ag + TIzl

d+e "Jolit+.
Eill *el "J+E Bqstts, sec50 "JfzI BErll,
-Ezlql^le+ zsol sec20
ol
( i) secrg ,lE4tif"l 4f-oJ{ seczr
ag EdlEe {S6}717} dal *E}. r+zlE} sec0 tan0 "J+B +?-16} oJ.t +el6lf. sec2, : 1 * tan2r
E, ut"lzl *tlEE zlExll#¤ E^J tan2g : sec20 - 19 ol$tll,t-l 'tl E ol+El^l
=. Ltotzl oJ+B tans9
dE-EJ +{B tr+g + 9lE}. relts u: sec0E ilS6}E lloe .E¤ttrt. rq.a u:tar,a
^lsE. q il+t4.
f,11:secl tanld,0olse q's=4 Aol +q4! 4# Cg + fl4. (ii) tano9 ,lfal*ol g+o|ts,
tuo'e sucl0de: t^ooes"c60 sec| tanld,0 secrtan, tJ+E Bq6In
t t tan2r :sec2o - lg ol+6ll^i +q
f, zl "J¤ secrE Sflf,c|. aqa
: ("""'g - 1)2sec6 o seco tano d'o
/ u:secrE zl$t+.
:f fu'-t)'rodu: t tu'o -2us +u6)d,u
 346 r 8168 4Eq 7lH

:- ull
^u9 ,
-2i-r
u7
C
11 7-r
: +secrrp- f r""na + lsecTr + c
pf ) .
Stamxd = misecxltc
PfI, Pfz 1 qE a+q= 4Eg +l+ zlag zll,rloizlzl. EB6}xl ?++. cl4 E44
Ss팝sxdp =
mIsecNItc +e 4+ "t trlle} s++el zflil$ g+tr ¤3-z} !lr|. tanr} s.s¤e] El
q^l +Efl E+g *^lse 4+{} ps-zl ilts ?*zI ++ fltrt.
cis ↑=d 네
베소소 V
tr^o*d,r:lnlsecrl+ C
ftamAdp =
ulcosaltc
+gr+ ag ^laEg Bc 4Es Bs6ltr|
ftavxdp= lnlsecdltc
mr" ㄴ
t! f "".* d,r : lr.lsecr * tanrl* C
SsecxdN =
lulsecdttamxltc

{t^l tre +{g trl+6|.4+ trt+$ zJol EtE + il+. Hzl Egc+ +x}ql
secn =
feltamNtoy
-
8 ecxttanx
'se
… secr*tanrE S6lE trIgq a+.
f f secu*tanr
JI seczcl,I:J, SecJ secr*tanz
: f seczr*secu tanr
,/ --d,.t o-
-;;;;,u;;-
u: secr*tancE il$6rB 421: (secrtanr*r""'r)drolEE zlEg
I Ot"l d,u : tnlul + czy 84. rqgE E++g E=q.
f
J secrdr:lnlsecr*tan rl+ C

D
tahn "

tan .
=
( SeczltunN
E I an'rdzE *olat.빠
"
"
Eill qzlq= tanoEI 44*ee, tan2r: sec2n - 1g 0l+6ll^1 4++ e
ol 1an2rE se"2rel {gE ++qx}.

t r^n'* a, : t^nr :t ("""'*

t tanzr 4* r^n * - t) ax

: trror"eczrd,r- f aora*
: +- lnlsecrl+ c

a4 4+{^j= q*,+gE u: tancE il$6ll^l du: sec2ndzg ol

*fltrI. r
 6.2 #44El3+ A4 xl$ . 347
로 sek
lf L
Btlesl 4+ ,lE^lltr+ ^laEE g+ ,lE4lELol {}41 L+4+8, 4B ( secz ll sec
-

E i++= $d6l secrel 4se s.EI6l-= aol E*ol $r|.wm

secrel 4E
4#e
mmm
E|* e-21q1^l EolFol +e 4+g s+ilEt.
tun sec
-

ftanisecdx
V J
" '

s
"

GFIif ASsecn 부분적분 = sec z

3

"u.'rdrE aolat. ~ 다
-

Ssec -
se 당
sec
.

sec
EUI qzl^l= +g!+ ,J"l T E 4+g "l+'JEl.
*' S
= tansectInltunfsedf 는
,: --:::: tanrd,r,': :,:::"
rElE trl-gg e=+. fsec xdx 3
-
=Secxtonk . fsecxtaxtannpdx
t d,r : secsta,n, -t s.c x tanz, d,* 8epsecx ~
Secxtanx
"u"'* 서 ㅈ 닌
: sec, tanr - czr - l) d,r
/.""r(ru
Ssecx (1rse < - 1dx
x

: secs tanr - t "u"', d,r +

t secx d,r -(
secA isec 3)xdA

t^l tle ol$oln *eq= 4Bql EilEl EH tr|gg E=trI =

Secxtavx ffsecxdXr Ssec3 xd☆

t a* : f,tr"cntanr*
In I secr * tano l)+ C tr 2
/ f secs/ dp secxtanxt lm / secN + taxlt
~
"""', =

Ezl 8ql il= a!+ ee 4+e o||+ EgEl -Bolxlt:J, al 7 +ql^J $olB
Fol 4gel g}+"ll^l g6l +EI1}{. mt cot^rcsc^xda ¤4 4E+ E}l ~

L*cot2r:csc2r= ol+6ll^J Hl*'t *Hgg *g + il4.

V
grj il+l
g E= qgel HolE *g ql, I E4 4+ol +4t4. q
'/T7dr
zltl a> 0ol+. I "t@:Tdr"J ullE zl$ " : a2 - 12 o 9 zl+El +
1lzl"J, J ,/Tjdri rl qBq. ils r: asin0E 0l+6ll^l HfE "
ql^l A-e HI+H, E4 1-sin20: ol*4^J trl's-r+ aol *EE fi,
"os20E
.J + ?rEl.
{* -;t: a - a2sin20: 1-sin20 : r,m:alcos0l
I ㅇ I
ㅇ 옛
(4le+ tsfz|. 9l H+el *+.J il* : a2 - r',4 (9! B+7I ,t1l=.& E
새
"
+el Ei+.J) ils 옛
새
r: asina ^l.olel
iloldq +q-6lzl.
"JHI49-E il* Hzlg A+e 0l+6ll^l ,:sft) Eel il+g tr + 9l
trL Cg uJ zJ$ol 6171 9-16ll^l eE q*+7I +4ttr|n TlCEtzI. *,…
gts
oJq"JolE 2146}zl. olfl A+ql= il$ Hz.l(5.5¤E
^l
EDq^t u¤ xE-
~
Hl+a rE tE EI+q +¤¤ E=4.
Su미 du ⇒
I rcl a* : f,
f (seD g'G) dt

Ff(N)
du fllxldl
=
 fonm
치환 역치환
시ehnSimNe8 imn -7c .
mpiel
alemnt cMomuIutegrotion
( .
cant'He

348 . 11168 4EE zlg

T
olfl ++el il+g I il$ol4'*4. 당연지사 …

q il+ r:osina| ol7lol gril"J ti+"J a+q

^l{g f
q il+ inverse substitution wm ?14. oty
어
~ ~

AAf

미가 - >연속 /도함연
0a m+rJ l-"/2, r/2)E 4l*6IH CBtEl.
~ 7 +¤- sql c:4 il+g ri¤flErll, ol= 4l^lg s4 5.^l qEq +ot{
4H ^lql q4 +E6ltrl. 4 a+ql aql 4il 4lte it+g aE4E i|
fzl 94"Jol qE+ E+*tr} (olAEe q*+-= Ce.lg el a.s4q1,r1 o1
*t +rJr+ a+.)
A'4 ilEtE
d .E.,^.I
LOt 비 = - CSc 비 6_l
do ~
↓
CSco =
-
cotoXCSE⑫ o'- 12 s: asin9 -+=t=;) 1-sin2g:cos2A
~
-

Cθ
⑤
S
-
c0

-st
= -cotxCSc②
\/7T7 ,f a tan 0 -+. r. +) l*tan20:sec2,
l7 -7 o<o.f-=rr<0.+)
출
" t: asec9 ,uczo-l:tan2o
" 교
족
슈 : IMBTL 있
이
ㅡ

는지춤카후v
.
Ʃ
:

13
0s② *
밟안 0 몰퍼따째째
,

S rqFp d r-rlrsr
J --7-doE *ota[.
*
put ) F3 sin 비 , -T π
Etll g:BsinAolr -n/Z<0<n/24 6'IzI. relH da:Jcosld,0ola
- π< LZ )
I
=
-

ffiol ¤Bf,+.
d
=
3COSOd 범
{s-;2: 9 - 9sin 0 : t/ g "or'o: 3 cosdl : 3cosg
I
1
os
fragsin
@ mt
X 3 (osd θ= S

9블
) inzt
dθ -
= fcottd ?"/Z < 0 < rlzolaa cosd > 0ol+.) l4o-=. q il+g ol+6ll^J
바

+e¤ E:trI.
=
Slotztd θ= fl -1 tcscro ) d
<t)
(ot비 =
θ=

-<S ②
(
-
θ -
cototc
I E - :!ffi,':" o o+ c _
함정 1,,!" ",,{#:*_ ~ ".,
olaol SC 4BolI, e, g4E Hf c.E +Et.llot *E+. ol= +4 E4

1
3
x 9 olStll,H cot0E sing: "/e4 4ss +El,.ilA+ (dE zl4 c'4B
0
el 4-qE El4t) rB sql +4U E¤g ol+4^J +E+E + 91tr|.
Je- sin0:c/3o1ps, EllH+ glHE zJolE 47J t* sos +=EI. :rel
E ul$re+^g Cqq 9d ol*HE aol e e=q. rele
rg 3 .irrO:
i g ol :2fl-e.-tr$el cot09 dtg trl-94 Aol '[g=
++61 elg + fl{.

cotg: ry
(:-B.ll4b 0 > 6olzluJ, cotgoll 4tI ol {g e < oql a+qE {B
f,+.) sin0: rf3ols9,0:sin-'("/S)oll clfg E++.
 6.2 #4 4E!+ d4 ilf,! r 349

IFd,t:-+-sin-,(;)*" t-l

V
trEm qE Ergoe Eqq HolE *otal"
=aut?.! 22
x -A -,
o2' b'-'

EUI +¤e] BI44¤ yoll 4dl ¤H, +g¤- E=trt.

v
4:t-4:o'-*'
bz-o'aL "a LL !3=
E= u: (0. D)
πan

ol 4fl"1 + 3ls+ql qd qaoloe, d4 H"l .4= xlll^[EHq 9l

A에
(a, o)

sqE H"lg ql 4oltrI. (rH 4E !-+.) 411^i+Eq flE Elge x

=
Et¤-U"+e AE¤q.
y: +G:A
a
(o < c < a) Y르 b. ab
leloE ffio1 dgtttrl. rH 4
#*#:,
시마 .π
f,a: I:* tEl a"
n
"
1=,
MI 터슬
.
.
zl$ glot,tl r : osin0E il+6FL fflts dr:
+
니'
"l Atg Arl acos? d0o1

+. 4E tI4lE El^+71 +lEl^1, c:09 4 sinO-oolEe g:sol-tr 9슈사

.0
n= 아윤 am * ) Mp=
r:aoJ 4 sin0: lolEre 0:r/2"J9+tl6tz}. 9., 0 < 0 < r/Zo1 아파스

p e cl¤ol CB{}E|. dt acosdo =

ab flaacost
=
π "
arsint= - d바
{* -,': a2 - a2sln2o : { o\o"'g :al cos 0 I : acos d .

ulelrl q+g
에 표
D
ㅡ

2
EtsE+. b K344p8
ㅡ
a
*
a
ㅡ

SIz cospo dθ=2 ,

n: n* I: \/ a'?T d, : I:/' o"o"o '

ㅇ
n* acoso do b~
MHurdleA
배각공부용
.

rr/2 1t'/2 t (2②= ct ,t 쁠 = 하버

: Aab cos20 ae : aab
J o ,(,
* cos20) d0
째리 0,
1- (
바
J o'
: : - o) : fuk 냐 =
+
.

2
2 -
i.' ,r)"0'' zrb(++
zoufe+
]. o trab
.
+ d

J
πc 양
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'J Eg 4al +el 6zI*¤ qB6l4.
s1-s4. &r. .,.1o3q1 gl= 4EE= ol+6ll^J +g zJE r
g 7t"I4. r2000

51.
f Jtl - n, -, u' s2.
f """0t at 8000
i
I
I
\
53
t .,", 4*sln2r d,r 4000

54
I cot r
1*2sinz
tl,r
0 4 8 t2 16 20 24 ,(+)

55. /, r"dr7l +H6I= n 9 (l9 *g + glEzi?

lcas-log (a) /(r):sin(sirrr)"J 4l rells= 0l+6ll^l
;rt+)(r)lq q* dI4lE *"t4.
56. a9 qH Aql .J|6ll /, eo'cosrdrzl fflxFtsz}?
(b) /'/(u)dr9 3*<}& n:looJ Ell Cg+g
a9 rfl &ql qB11 zlBE <t9 *"14.
Bzlg 0l+6ll^l *_r., (a)E ol$all,<l 9{$
s7-58. n,:109 trll (a) ^ItrIEg Hzl, (b) +d Hzl, q +6'14.
(c) Csig H4g ol$all.! trIg 4EE *t<tg'* (c) ^9"¤. ol+4^l gilq aTlE 0.00001HtrI zlril
oI?+. HlgB6Il^J Bg A+ qj.zll xfr-lzfzl *le|. o|b n9 <19 *ot4.
 6+4.395

64. HIE A?lE "l*6ll^i 43 4E"l fflol}zl ts& 65. f'Y [0, *)q;,r1 s4"]t lim,--/(r):09
6|=al S46I+. {1, ffiol CBt}g -uq?+.
*3 f@
I, ---;-
r," *2
dt
J f '(x)dx: -/(o)
'
 '-^
o
a EIT
?el E+= ?+61 "de gE goltt. (olHJ 89 qE 6lLl-= +^d g0l H|i 8el6l EE6l= 7ioltrl'.) olE ?-d
A+g Et+E +-d E+9 geE EE-L[ iEJel =fltsql= Eq lJolE *= A+oil, r= A=
= "J8oll^1 ?al|tftrl. g+E EJII
^l$Etoll^1

E+E =sde
Eflalr. r a+e.l 7+ 6J= 48fl^1 flat| Er'+E 4Efltl. 8.7Eoll^1 g+= 4E6.t7l +l6H^1, rq gAl= qat
dfloll Etrt. (S0ll^1= olal g+E {Eg + flfltrt.) +el qEloll^j "-'"4,J?
LlElLl= gi ullg g+$ ee ",je Et+ts A
+el getr EslEJtrl. oloil q4 ?-d +94 ?-il E+9 +EJofl =alqt4alt 7lE4pl it{LJo1l r!+6l|^l=
=q[1 ,iol ee6'ttrt.
Eals+xlEg a+E q= *HeE 0l= 8.8011^j "JotEtrt. rJtt, SElld olE, IlxtTl^{ ,Jol trt$il Eolel
^lE6'lEEll,
eI?otl^1 EalqxEe g+= r?i= E^d6[= a+oil^1 x]. E 7119 aJoe ul+q =+ EsE E^1^Lrtr[. =4

8.1 ,,\d
T=

+Ee +¤.!+ ,Jol B*6'J +^lq 44 +gs +Es ^J4B + ilEI.

at, az, a3, at, ,.., an, ...

Bol f ,,9 IffiA, arEEnll Bol44q,.JHI4oEr,gn.&l BE=g

f¤ sequence
arq + first term
ugol+ tI4. qzlrJ= +* +g"Jg 484. "lql qE} z] e! a,ql= r
Erll tJ second term +¤. 6J o,*rol 914.
n4l tJ nth term
oJHJII general term E= 4; n"ll q*6I.= # onol glr+. reloe. +gg c9gol
oJel

"JE C+q dtl.J iI+E cqg + 91tr1. rflEll i ,,4 Bta[g E[+
7lg f(n) Elldq F,\J o,,oE'I+Utr+.
ETlg: +g {a1' a2, a3, ...}g q+4 zJol *4471E *tr}.
{""} E= {r,,}i=,

Fqn g+ +Ee n nfl B0l EllEI 4E xtl^lBeeui EEg + gttrt. +B qt

oil^J= 4 +gE LIEILfl= Tlxl ggE _Eq=+. 1&l= goil^1 7l
^11 ^.fl^lEl
E, Enll= SUBE ¤961'= #![l|E Et=e.l Lfgoltrl. ?ze. UE I loll^1
^1,
E"Jg "Js7l AAE qfl6lrl'.
(t z s
,r{#},=, qn
n:-
n
nrl
{-
[2'3'
4
4'5' ' n*7'
TL

,, {c!#q} o": (- 1)"(n + r) I z 3 45

- 27' gL'
(- t)"(n+ 1)
I s'e
l__

3"
-li-
(") {r/r,-e}I=, an-- t/n-l (n > 3) {0, L, ,,[i, ,/T, ..., Jr-8, ...]

(d) cos
Tnr
on:cosff fn>ol ,/i lnn
O, ..., cos tr
6 n:0 {, 2 2, 6

462 .
 8.1 +g . 463

ED?| i1g E 7ll Boil LlElLlts +4101 1l+Eq.a 7l86ln, +3 +gel "J
UB o. oll EtlEt 4E *0h4.
345 67
5' 25' 125' 625' 3125'
EU +qd 6Je +g+ AE|.
ar: E, 34567
az: - %, at: 125 t at: - ffi, as : 3fEF
olfl t$el Ezl-= 3oll^J ;59611^] r+¤- 6Joe 'Jqa 4"t4 14 ,l1l
+. Eat 6JE +zl+ 4o'lI, dlrll 6JE Szl-E solq, 9HI4oe n4
gr-9 Bzl-= n+2o14. Es= 5el 4E4l+o-E-, a,,9 Bs= 5*oltrt.
6'19 +E.= "J4 9ol iqE +4+ss, - 1el aE4l+g B4o| t
4. (- 1)"9 +el 6}e-e
.trzl l(b)ql^l oJ+ F+trI. q7l^J=
o3=g =g*g
rJ.gE EB=Ialog (- r)"-t EE (- t)"*,9 tr+4^J +
q+nl Aq. ^l-+trt.
6LE
^le ntZ
a- : (- 1)'- I ' Pn
I
D

EzE q8e "JHJB= t.JEt gEEt + H= +EE qotq.

(a) p-* n E 1¤ l'Jel ^,ll4l^to.e
"J+4 ¤} trIel fE {p"}
(b) a^9 ? e4 4f n4l zlulE ixl4 g 4E fB {a"}. {a"}8 t
d E¤ f¤"l;t 4g E 6Jg +g6t$ trl-+$ Aq. 다 + Xli 츠e
1,8,2,8,4, b,...}
{2, 1,8,2,8, .(
(c) nlEutxt +E u")e +g aaql q4 +lB4"E celtl+. aol
nltr+il f¤ Fibonacci sequence
.fr:1, fz:L, fn:fn-r*fn-z (n>3)
+ 'Je 4d + rJ9 tlol4. a¤- E +g +96lB +¤.rl aE+.
{1, 1, z, J, 5,8, 19, zl, ...)

"l +gg 13^llzl olBEoiE +E+zI ults-4zl(ribonacci)7| E4g H

^l4 +ag +4lE ++ r+aql^l ++H4. ('-1fl +4 4sE 8?+.) r
:rzl 1(a)9 fE o,:nl(n+1)g fH
14 zJol f4Cq1 4 a}g *'tl
614+ fB 2e+ ,Jol :zzflue +F+qq rHoe. +ElB + 9l+. +ge at atal I
a4

Celqol oJel C+q d*olos, r4sE 4s7t 4gq Bol 1flfl {e l

0
I
I
I |iltf- >

e ol+qdq.
.f.al 1

(r, o,) , or)

(2, (r, ,,), ...
or), (9,

+ rB 1r+ 2-e+q "9 atol ,tAq 44 +g an:nf (n+ l)E olEol

rql zlzl?lxli {e-e E"Jtrt. ,\td, n9 +B61 341 q+sEret +gel
464 r I1l8At
=+
4,, il-= E6l= EI+ zI4 "JE + 914.

r-#;:;+T
al: t7 ol
^I¤g
E++I+ Aol LtqU{.
0 1234567 n lim-4
f7* -
: t
n-* L

aaql q+ +g {o"}g 6}="1

-1el ,)
JEL oJHI4e-s, nel <lol Lo\ zftli)tl4=
trtgr+ Ag 7lse. +ElUtrI.
^Idg
J4 ""
:'
+99 El+ d{zl1.6eoil^J Eolt +t4ql^l tl+E +tql
+6Jql 'ilt
4t Celel "ll+ +^Itlql ++6txl.
Eol tr gel {""}9 f¤olz ,e: ++r a}z}. z$ ag ++61 =-4 qi+
** timlt -g.g.*l 6* o,9 zql fl61-b *A zlnlol E + flg q, f¤ {""}9 ?
+B{}+ converge
+g6t: convergent -dg zol4 6ta, olE trIgr+ Aol +4U4.
g,tI6J+ diverge
9+61-= divergent
lima,:L E"b "r1 ---+ @ oJ 4l o* --- Zol4.'
n+@

lim, .-a"ol *48 trI, +gg +gEltrl' E= +aJ6f= i¤ol+'t}trI

r+zl ?*sE, +ge g{}-eltrl E= "Ju6tts +Bol4 ++.
rB 39 +oJol zoJ F +gq r4sE E{6o e,tl AE trJg ql^16}r.
1l+.

an on

L L

0 n 0 ,1

f=J e. lim a, : roJ + +gq r4E

eE trq 4'J + trl EqqI BEIIE trl'94 Aq

. ol cEE 1.6e9 4E t7E| HlE6Fl- tr Eel {o"}9 +¤ola rg +4r 6tz}. "JelE o}+ egl 4oll olgl
q86l= A+ nrol n> ff$ 4l lo,, -Ll< eol CB6}B, +
=416ll^l
¤ {""}el Lol{ a}:2, olg. E}gr+ eol ++Utr}.
=E}g
t EE 'n --+ oo g ull o, '-- Lol4l
!i2"":
-
E+ L < an < tE n7 E -
N
 8.1 +g . 465

EE rB 4-tr ql^lfl,tsEll, {zlr.l at, a2, ae, ...9 +zlCql +4H

30
Ce-l
r+. ++ (L- L+ c)* oI+?-.1 zl4 q6'|EJ4E, 4*6.J +4611^l
", ^rol 어명원
aar+r*El r +* E.= 6Jg ol +rJql HIE^I 4allot 6}4.

At d3 Az At oN+t aN+2 4s A6 A5 A4 41

0 L -e LL
fg4

CE EE rB sql 4= %r'Bee ql^l9U,EI. r,> l/oJ 41, {r"}E r4s

q 9iE eEg + +BC a: L+erl u: L- e rtolgl HI=.l1 +qilqot
t4. "l rBg olf "9 "I+?-.1 zl4 qu}qqE +atllo} olzltrJ, E+ q ㅡ

zl3 e9 EJ ffg e+tltrI. ~E며 N9

-
=
v
=L*e
L
!=L-e
0 1234 n
N
ral 5

Ael Ee+1.6¤9 4q Eg ul;r.o|{, lim,,-* an: L4lim,-- f(x): L

^Iolel +"J+ iioldg nol o"t9 c++= r}¤o14. r4oe. re 6ql ql
r-}9 4?-l= E=tr}.
^loJ
tr Eal lim,*- f(*):Lola- nol "Jel C+"J 4l /("):a,ol{,
lim,-- an: Lol4.

v v: flx)

0 1234 x

rHo

r ) 09 4l lim ,-*(t/r')- 6ols-E-, 4¤-ol CB++.

=61,
El Jg*#:o (E,r>o)
 466 . r1l8g a+

nE Aol adql rI4 r,ol els.ol 4xlE, ol$ zlE lim,*_o,: @E

++U+. +¤.E B+t Aq= 1.6eq Cel trr+ Hli6}trl.
tr 89 EE "J+ Mql q6il 4B+ C+ /\rol +zll6ll^J n > r/9 4l
an ) MolE, tr|¤-4 ,J"l 44'd4.
r, :-
,,u*

lim,-- a,,: 6 olB, +g {""}3 g4}t+. rel+ +E{! *BsE g

4it+. {""}9 ."-E Bt6JE}-r. t!trt.
1.4¤el ++ H4g +gel ++q ql4^lE cB6lr', r +BE ul+6}4.
g=.1

수수 :
+Eoll tt|-Lt
{o"}r} {b"}g +B6l-= f9"ll cz} {tfolts, 49ol CB6J+
=-d
jn("" + b,,): *
Ji*"" JHr",
- JI:"" - jl*r",
jll* (," b,)

JH'""
:
"lr*o"' Jr|': ",
1im (o,,b,) : '
PF ) J4o" jI*0",
없 (PN1
O
-

^ ::==- lim", 세
-
)
.1 : (t,
an ,+x

ㅇ
lim On limb,, + o), .
n

" (1(는
n-a llmD" FD /r '@
t
: t,ilr,t' (t, p > o, a, ) o) )
세
4ny
lim op, *
n+@ [n-- ) . n

샌드위치 aoJ ea.lE +¤.4 zJ"l f99l 4+B + fltrI. (rB 7¤- ts.4.) ↓
에
n> cg
+goil ql-d I"J Eal n ) Do"J ull ,, 1 bn 1c,olJl
에스매스 Cn
limo,, : limc, : ZolE., limb, : Zol4.
na@ n+@ 반⑤ 보 ←

+* cE= +gq +tql +* E += ++*,rld"Jrll, +Ee qfl E

C,,

xll aeE Ba+.

b; :]:,;tirrtrrrr
on
tr gat limla^l : 0olE, limr, : 0ol4
n+@ n+@
n

V]l*#rE *orar
azJ 7 +g {b"}g + +g {""}r}
{c"} .,'1o1q1 4q aqdq. EW
EOI E'ol %lHe 1.6¤ql^J ^Fs+ A!+ Hl+6I+. +, +¤-4 zJol Eggl 4

다 채금 =.

내헤
구
.
 8.1 +g t 467

+a+= nE 7l* te iI+E Tl.EzilE-q--e EE-e+ E4-= LIE tr}g"il

+EI Bzlg zl+6Jtr|. . ol a4= + :1H 1rl 2ql^J ++6J
4.ol C$*9 trqa+.
limt
lim-*-:lim--l- : n+6

n-aTlf- | n ,-, I
l-t--,
n
limt+liml
n-a Tl

_ I _,r
l+0 -
q zl^J r: 19 trllE E]3 "18fl4.
^l
L'=
느
cztr lim
n-6 n
caE[.
EUI n -.' oo oJ q, EEe+ +zl+ E.+ +tq.e gt}tE+. eslBg E4g …
r www.stewartcalculus.com
zl4 4+B f fl!.c]l, ol} +gol olq+ ¤ E+ B+q 4*9zl ull Additional Example A= .H-4.

+o14. .f+zl"J erlBg Hzlg +a¤ flif /(r): (rnr)/rgl 4¤,6I

ㅡ

,rl +¤¤ Eg + ?itr|.

틀진예시 )

lsY:Jg!:o ∞ lm ∞
nn= Tln=
O X )로 law은 오직 실변수함수에서만
El-?+^l aq trq elfl ffiol cBtE+. k
lnn 조건 17 범위 미가 ( 아 전체
Iim^^''':o I 미가 )

n+@ n cln 지응 ±
분에

GFEf *E a* : (- 1)"ol +861.=rl g&6ttsxl nJ¤afal.

tlll +¤9 6J¤ 'tg6lg +¤¤ e=+. 0 t234 n

-t
{-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1,...}
ol +gE r4sg :zg sql +4H+. 6JEol 1+ - 19 ¤S.ol HI+6Is ral e
tr-. a,* olq{} +qlE zlzff)zlzl 9*=+. trt+^J lim,,--(- t)^8
+all6}7l 9*=4. +, +g i(- r)"ie g&t+. r r_E"zl z9l il= +gE :lzllEE :lfl
eql +4H,=Ell, 5017I cs+g B
(- r)" q=+.
En lim
n4 n
E ,JE (=Ill6f$) 10lat.
an
I
EUt
Ir*lqll: Jrr*!: o
trI?+^J Ael Eql $fl ffiol CgtE+.
,. (-
llm-:0t)"
zd@ n
tr 0 n

trIg 44= 6Jql ¤+ ti+=

+flls}ts +¤el 4 4+611^J Ee +gE -t
+Et}+r. tlq. +Be qfl Erll 50o-e. tsrJ+. ral s
 468 r r1l8g A+
2)
조건에
E+zl +H Eal lim,__ an: LoIa B+ yzl ¤4olB,
L4lt1 짜 4
ef술anFfl니 *ol CBtJ4.
w

머O 모 f (r,)
ㄴ
0
f가 FL에서 연속 Jig/(,"):

없는 mm
= V
EEE l11',,,i*/E *ora[
EEII ,<Irl Et+= Oql^l ¤+olss, ¤+4 +B A?lql EEI q+n+ ¤"1 ¤
+ 91trI.

l,*.'"(#):.'"(;l* *): sino: o r

. +Esl JEJIE f.al7l
frqV#Eo, :nl/n"E+E q+=-r.E6EL qThj nl:r.z. s. ... .n
'J+ a+q Ell+ 8l4lql= +gq
r4s= zld rg + 9l= 5B+ 01trl.
BB"lzt 9lq. rq+ EH++E r f*[ n- *g g&e!+. :flcll q7l^l=
trL +Ee] Ezl-= e.+ +6Jqltr.
4E 4l^I7lql^J:'llrll H+ *c4 sulBel E4g 4+g + 9lE gi+E Ell8^la + flq. @zl $fzl
¤. ^I+o.llo} :4sE rB + iltrI. olH trll, r!3 499a1 ?*b+.) nol 44 41, o,"il +++:
ql= -H.71 eel +ge gllTli {+ ^J+g.J
=q:t, a:tl/ttg oJel6l-a r:1 olPzl +l"ll,<l zlg q 4e-l 6Jg ,tlEz}.
"JdLl,
ql^l ,4B(srep)¤ 1E- +
=96I.1
3 s.e EE(dot mode)E ol+4^J at:l, az:#, as:#,
r4s= rB + 9l+.
.n
iBt
L,!-r an: i,l'2.3.nTi "'
-)-G
ol .s'¤4 rB 10E r4 EE+EI 6JEol A46lr. 0 o s +B¤ asE'
ts-oJE+. ol= q"J6i7l f.i6ll^J 4 Eq^l El¤.¤. +g6lz}.

a": 1 lz.s..--.n\
t-t

0
l0 n \r'rr "" ' ")
'= .lal 10 gE "Je.l 4e zl4allo| r?lcll, ezITI +s-H-tr| zlrl+ zJzl qlEol4.
an
장사째 새 :14oe. 4*"1 tB+trt.
…
=

nnn
n

×n× n ↑ …
1

" 01on I -=

금 다울
… ) TL+ @ I 4l t/n---O"Jg.Jr ?lq. q+^l a"J A"-lq el6ll n---+ @

2x …

XM
새

9 4l a,--- ool4. I
사
xna …

V
odanst EA;p ,Joll El|6tl #E {""}ol +aJ6tts7l?
"9 olE
EO r.oe4 8.1¤el zl+ t}+el r4r.e+El a> t9 4l lim o*@ar:@
olJ- 0 ( a ( 1"J trll lim,** a' :0ol+. l-eloE o: rg *f, 44
n∞ '
A 0 샌드위치
tr¤ ol*alfl E+gg E=trI.
 8.1 +g . 469

: oo (r> 1)
lim."
{ o (o<r<1)
n+@

r: 1oltr r: 0?-l A+q ffiol CB6J4.

jll*," : ]4,: J113o"
: ,,
J4o: o

- 1< r< 0olB 0 < lrl< 1olo.tr., 4*ol cB+tr+.

lim lr"l: lim lrl" : o
n1@ n+@

olql tr++ 4"-] tsql 9dl limn*ortr:OolEl. 71- lol$, trzl 6ql
g4 {'"}e g4!q}+. :aB 1le r9 qq 7t4 dtql q6J r4-sE JJ.q
24. b - - 1?l a++ rB sq +ElH+.)
4,, an

r)l
-l <r(0
r:l 0 n

0
0<r< I
n r(-l .

f.al 11. f¤ a,:r" tr

-H-zl 1o9 er+= g.se ol$olzl +16fl trIgr+ rJol 446IxI.

B f¤ {'"}g -1<r< 1oJ tril E}+r}Aol +96}l., r9 +=A

oil^lE g&t+.

Jlr*":{? [;:;r<1)
E tr91 EE n> 1ql 4all o, lrn*,9 41, * ar ( a21a3 <"'oJ aol
+q. EE n > 1ql qq an) anqrg 41,
ㅡ

.il, +¤ {o"}¤ ?ztt4 increase

=7}Elq-r. A4t}+ decrease
e4il+l. 6JEl. ?716lz14 zJaa}= +gg E6 +gol+ tlE+. t3 monotonic

V
rqIF *= hkle ao=r+. eltLl6lE trteol dgatse.E= n > 10ll
.+Eol trl zlgql. r +-E7I cf a7l
r[fa[f a, ) an*rol7l qlEoltrl. qEol+.

;,
333>
GTitrE:;6 r
> = an
< 3
t5
3 nta
-

antKan[ n mto
ryhcn+ 씩
 470 t 11188 E+

t E-zl r2z += E +E 'JBg ++

V fE
qln a, - --J!-ol A4gE -H.qal.
n"*L ~
*+71' +itlg -Bol= 4o14.
(o >
[ a,,1 | 1e,,ol CBt]g Eqoi sJ+. +, ++$ ts.qoi {!E}.
f(*): -= 1)
T, -f I n*l n
a: > 19 4l ,f'(")< 0olo-a, f + * (n+l)'?+1 ',r'*].
^*+. ol +¤r^l-e- +se| Ezl¤ 9.3e 96il^l gg q-S +E^14 Ezl"l4.
-
, '"1) . -J- <+ (n+ 1)(n2 + 1) < n{6+r)2 + r}
f "x

기뒤쎌에와
계
뒤

= 게 (n+1)"*1 n'*l
'
e n3+n2+n*11n3+2n2+2n
f ( NKO
<9 l < n2+n
n> tolog, ++^l n'+n > 1g &o14. trI?+^] an+r 1o,ol-L {o,}
g e46JE+. r
aol m Eel + M"l +xH4^l EE n > 1ql 4dl o, < Mol cBB tril, +
9.|E +41. 9l.tr. aq ?14 bounded
above
¤ {o"}9 fle +41e}r Eb 9{-e AA flq'r +q.
"teile +41, "tells aA fl4 f rzol =zfl6ll^J l-E ru > lql 4o|] ,n < o,ol CgB 4, f¤ {",,}
bounded below
+4. Aq 914 bounded
g oEtle +114n E.= ol-eflE #d ?,lql aJ4.
$ElC +?-] completeness axiom flel oi4e e6J +¤ {o"}9 *4t4r E= Aa flq.r t+.
t4l upper bound
314. t[4] Ieast upper bound ql= Eq, fB o, : n3 oElls eq flrlql(o, > 0), +l-a zJE ilzl ?*4.
+a +g 4E fB o, : nlU,.+ 1)g ,Jd fl=ql, EE noll 4oll o < an < 1ol7l qpoltrl.
monotonic sequence theorem
olul $-r. 9l= r]lE, ,Jfl +gol s+ +E6I= ae olq+. tql$ !.q
ail f¤ ,,, : (- 1)"9 - 1 < a,, 1tg "J+^lTlzlEI S-zl 6oll Eq +e6}zl
M ?*=tr}.1 rell. +a +gol E+ +H6Ib 1g "Irl4(r,:n- -).
=
rel+ fg"l eq flr +4olB, HI=^l +H'Jr+. ol ^|¤g Aq Enql^l
L
¤:$a121"3, olAol *.J "l*E rB 12.= *&Elg_+a] zl+4se ol61lts
+ ltr}. {r"}ol e-E noll 4oll o^ < Mol*,6}=9
=!z}6}r. ^le ¤r-Azl
0 t23 n
,il qn qH + Lql 7?lfl4q.
aH a"l trq +¤e d+g d6.J R ql qt}~ gutd Eatql sBlc
12
+4q rlleB, *dt]"I 0 olu N =4t+.
,s7t d+=E dtlsE olE AtAl Mo\ +4
6tE(t ,sql ++ EE rq 44 r < Mo14) ,s9 al+ tr41 uzy +4l'*+.
M (olb += tr4lolE b < M"J+ F*+.)
azl- ^rel ^J4l"lxl"J, /v/ol .E
b

0
" E Ea. +g ¤al sE e'{l E4 +gg +H'{}+

{o,,}3 7zl fBol4 a}x}. {o"}ol Aq llo .,e, S: {onln > 1}9
초소상계는 =E
*Alzl Szll,tlE+. sHlc *qq E6il ol dilE 314 ^Jal ,ol ¤^llq}+.
집합 S 0 대해 S가 최소 상계와
같거나 작아야 …
 8.1 +g . 471

"JelE
olf e9l 4otl z-e* 59 *Alzl otq4. (ell+a}H ,ol 4^
^J4lol".e.) :_4oe st%I+ C+ Irq 4oil 4S"l {Be+.
ay) L- e
rflEll +gol +z}6ltr-e., EE n >.nroil 4dl o, 2 ,rol CBtiE+. f
4=g n > rt/g Ql, a, > L- eol CBuJ4. an S /,olE-tr- "lql EI+
지했합 ,

43ol CBttrt.
0< L-anle L - E <an ≤
ulEt,tl n > r1/9 41 4*"1 {B"J+.
lL- a,l< e

l4otr. lim,-- an= Lolc+.

f¤ {a"}oJ ftaa}S, (3lr{ 6t4l$ ol+Ell^l) Hl*6}41 +B+tr}. D

C?-l Eel 6He +z16}r. 9]E Afl fgol +BEig Eq=E+. ("ltzi
zlE, 7Er^.6I.r. ot4e efl +gE +B{!E}.) ol 8.2¤r+ 8.3aql4
^}dg
+t ++E q-E qt qet H ol+gr+.

E]EI E4I

-E 4Bol*
(a) P9.'Jz|? 5-8. a¤- E ztt Br.il +4+= +zlol 414¤4r zlc
(b) lim,-- a, :83+ng F6l'=71'? 6Ir., q+- +g9 "JHI+ a"q
zn 1
al9 *oI4. 4t
l

(c) [im,-- an-- @g +tg *61^=7]? u. z, -#,

-!, * 사 yn ~

{-t, *, } 3

. {-+ +,-*,*, } 네스
다혜치세에
2. 6) +H6I= +ge *t'qlz}? F zH9 qE Eq+ -
-
,

+ge +E"J7l? F zll9 qlE Eq+. a,. It _tg'4' _16 e 25

(b) 'Jtsl+
g [2' E' 0'"'JI
8. l,
3. E+++ A"l CEg +gE il8 qC 6Jg +g6}et {b, 1, b, b, 1, ...}

n-fu
"n 2n* |
e-32. td 에서 3
4g +g9l +H q+E tc6tE. +g6IE +
(

a-F$ *oI4.
+gE +tol e46l= Ase EolETI? r+
ol
48, : +{}g *"t4. D (
9. a^ - 1- (o.z)" 10. a* :
# 5
Dan: ---:---;n'
3*5n2 5 n
4. +g {cos(nzrl3)}9 {g o}E t}g 4¤u}4. ol 11.
n1-
12. an:
l* t/rt *
+gsl +q}ol +46IE asE -uol=7\? r++8,
r *.lcl. :1+al ?*eE -r olf¤ ¤B6F+.
=,Ll.g
13. an:,',(ffi) 1 ,o o^:# O

차
4
ㅇ
472 r rilsg a+

G- 37-40. El¤. +gol fzlu}Ez] Ai6]:.21, o]LlE q

ㅇ
n2 :
15. an:
tfns+4,
댈 16, a-''
I -l t/n I L aE ol{zlE tC6I+. +Ee zJd qlEz}?
(- 1)" (- l)n 37. an:;u 38. an:
17. an:
ffi O 18. a,,
n* t/n X
---------------
H
19. a. :
an
"o, I
*
3
20. an: cos a
,
며 :
39, a", n(- 1)" 40. a,: n+ !

9
l

2 -1 2n
-
-
…

(zn - t)t ㅡ
41. ++ +gg +6Jg*"[4
21. d 22. iarctan2n)
{ @+fr 2 k 1
23
2 zI
{ rle - t
g
24. an: ln (n * 1) - lnrr O lO, ,/zO , t/zr/zfi , ...j
ao"',
D
n
25. un: ① 26. an: 2- cos ntr O 42. +g {",}ol or: ,/T oltr o,, *r: ,fiTa^ otr-
f
4e.lqq
1 t+z 치
sin 2n 9IE+.
27 an
TL
28. a," --
1T6 O (a) fltsH Ets +E %lBee {o"}"1 ¤17}6}r. 3
(1,,)2 ql el4 +ls ,Jq fl+g Eq?+. ta +g a
ㅇ
X
29. t0, 1,0,0, 1,0,0,0, 1,...i 30. a,,- O 4E ol*all,ri lim n_*anol e4$g trqq. 구

31 . a,, :
지
,
h(zr r,2 + 1 )- lr, (r,2 + t ) n와 (b) lim n-*on& *"14. 5
α

3 는

qI
4

a,,:
32. D
at: 14 an*r :3- lla^E 4
5 ㅇ

aEg +gg +z16}r.

43. +]tstsg 0186ll^l
sE ngl 4dl a,, < 3gg
33. 1000g.el= ¤ol¤-ol ¤ +?-ls c6l= ql 6Eoola_
;- dlgq FzI6tE, nH +lE flalB4lb a" : Hq4. {r"}"1 +e{}g +E6}r., +e¤ 4"1-e}.
1000(1.06)"Belol4.
(a) fE {""}9 4+ EtC 7}l 6}9
(b) ol +¤e fBalEzI? "J{}6I=7t? ¤E6lE.
*"}4. φ 학빛V
*함
+ !
44. +gg tr+94 Bol {ga}z}.

ar:2, e*+r:
.
"
"

34. +¤-4 zJol cgs +ge.l iJ¤_ 4041 oJg *ole| rqg ol igol A46I-r. 01on < 2E ,J+^lA
3 그
(
고

to,n (o,,9 4f ) g trq+. r?]r +{}g *o}4.

a1:11, an*t: 3anr-1 (a,3 g+) 숭 =
⑤5

: 3 OO

a1:25t A+ql eg e+ql 8614. olfl E9

+99 ^deg ++6I+.
ㅇ
45. (a) qE+il= +g+ ae +4lE z1l,rlflr|. E4
gg6l Sl, o||B 4 r^dlg 4zl * %ig *e
=
q,
^1l4
;J"g + Bol gB
~
^HzlE
gzl .r.1z16.j
축 2× 2

2 +3 t2
+. ^llzl 6J ,&e-tr, n4l BqE EvlTl 람 t 무
{o"}¤ zJ^ f¤olr sE 6}01 5e} s r}ol"ll F4
+2t,
35. ^l46IE, 2 2

ol+E ¤
9 I ?lizt? 8"1 "f,,oJg Eq+. ¤zl,tl U")
9l4l 6}zl. ol +¤E +*ol =46[= 3 u.z1 3(c)oll^l CEfl EIB+il f$ol4. 최 t 용 e 2
"

H6l+. +{}ql q"fl qE "Jg 6J #';lYzl? (b) an: f n*rlf,,o14 6'iE, a,,_t:t*!f a,_,
30. (a) +B6lE fE {a"} q 44 q¤ol dB+g trq4. 9¤ eq4. {o"}"1 +Eq}+l 7}t6i:il", +
: {}g +o}4.
J4'"*' ^4""
(b) +g {o"ie ar:lolJ1 z > 1oJ 4l o,+r:
46. (a) ¤+ tt+ /q qq at:a, a2: f(a), a3:
ri (r + o,)e. 4e1a121. {r"} "l fBt4l z} f (or): f (f (")) , ..., ant | : /(a")ola[ o[z[.

C6l.z.. r +69 *"I4.

lim,-- an: [,o1fl f (L): r"Jg Eq4.

noaan
e ↓
탐af ( aniy
=

엔 ㅏ
 연역추존을 이용하자 . (결과 '고과정 )

Kant시 ≤ an ≤2의 수식을 Pn 미자 하자

며 일때시 0 시드리스 2 이므로 껴일때 P 미 충족 ,

Pi은
EK자 하자자 at≤ ak - akt2 - d 1,
3 - UK 123 -a , ≤3
3 ui
-
1
- ak
X
OK
3 -
9세
≤
akx
3-
<2
ㅡ

,
PK 충족
"
dt2 에서
F 세라 하자 ak- z ≤ 이세 I422 이- - 9 t
따 = 세작
세충족국에대
-

3
T6X 는 는 2: 3
- at 3-

aB -U2 에세X
1
"
dkt3 사
1 . . k 세일때 Pn이 만족되므로모든자연수기에 대해 Pn이 성립,
k

1
 8.2 E+ . 473

(b) f(*): cosrel a:1¤ q4^l (a)E 4lrlaln, lEa (a)E ol+4,r1 lim nn*an: O"Jg
Lg 4Ig A+ trIC4l zlQttlz\ *"I4. Eq{. ol.! cle-$ Ag ¤.s dz||E ql^ltJtrI.
1
41. 14 &llr: 0.89 qoJaIEl lim,-- (0.8)": 09 O:t+
g -J + "JE+. trrE offi,rl (O.S)" < 0.0000019 2-l
' 2+-..
"J+^ltlb nel {tg aA6}4.
s3. zits tlqlql^J &aTl rll^ll +ql q6J s¤ oe. ^l=8-
48. Ael e= 4d ol+.ll^l lrl < 1"J trll, 6l= +¤-rl Ag *^.lol 91trt.

lirn, ,*rn: otJg +8614. Pn+r:

bpn

"+p"
4e. aE Eg +8614. lilH:4el tr E= aoJ ael ¤zJ,<l p,2 ni FIE EaTl z]lxll foll, o4 bE
0l¤-6l-7l.l
"JE d-+s Erzl9 ++el +aql
q+ AAB4.
= 0tr9 zllrll izl po 2 Oolela o}z|.
50. S+4 +H A?lE +E6I?+. (") {p"}"1 +86}8, +6Jol ¤ + 1l= &e or}
sl. lirn n-*a,,:gol-tr {4"}ol ,JE 9lgE, b- aS9¤ trq+.
(b) p, *, < (bla)n""Jg Bq+.
lirn,- * (onbn) : o"Jg Eq+.
(c) (u)E ol+611^l a> bolB lim,--p^:09¤
52. (a) lim,-- arn: Lola lirn,-- a2n+t: Lol Bq?+. *, zll{l*9
^}+114.
(d) a < b4-z o121. po < b- aolB {p"}9 +7lxl
E, {o"} ol +86}r lim,-- a, : Zgg il
qE. -L 0 < pn < b- agg .E.q"+. E Po ) b- ool
(b) qgrl ¤ol c9¤ f9 {o"}E ilg 4B zll ts {p"} g 446}r- Pn ) b - o "J9 trq +.
t}g *o14. o < bolts lim,,-- pn:b - a"Jg +E614.

0t:1 , dntt:1*
+

4.2 =./\
HT

+= +"J c+s +4U+= ae +tg F*zI? qlt 58, ffi$ zJol

+ ae +flg **tt?
r rr9 rf {zlloll,t"l ¤zll(2011L,])el
n:3.14159 "'
26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 zl¤-g *E(Shieeru Kondo)el
^14+
s.zlEg zl4E .Jelel += +qI +sE ¤ + ?l+E +qlol4. olA oJe.l4lcJ ol(Alexander Yee)zl Af
^fq¤-g Ft+.
e
10ar zl-4 ol.$zfxl gtl 4."14.

n: 3* * * J_*_L*J
- 1 * 4 +_l_+ * + 6=+- 5 "'
ro ,d ,C lon 10' lob 10' -;:t

{zl,rl 4l A(...)g ol *"1 ¤fr"I ololzll, EJ E*g 6}9 qE++ ?rel +

fi"il q 4ttfl44= ^tdg 714?Jc+.
474 r r{88 a+

"JHI49E, +qL +g {"")T=rE oJ# trJ6}qH, E}gr} Ag Ee.l

^l
g ets+.
E o1*a2*a3*... *a,*.-.
aol ol= +Et A+(E= ++fl
--+)+ 6E, trle--r+
ztg zlt-e 5|.41 L|+U+.
+iJ ++ infinite series
+B * partial sum
E,* E= Eo^
* sum
*HI ++ geometric series
_rflrjl ++61 Etg 6}el Bql 46ll "J6I= {ol slolz} llt.zi?
f;Bl common rati<;
++ ++ql q* ++"J Bg *zl= Ez}-tsB 4o14.
l+2+ 3+4+5+... *n*-..
6J# cJolzl
^146IB, +44"J iI
ell+6}H 1, 3, 6, 10, 1s, 21, ...9
$t na,SztyzJ rja|{ n(rt.*t)/29 g}rll olAg nol zldgl ul4 rl+cJ
4z]1zl 4lE"l4.
:flctl 4-3 ++.el oJE¤ El++_L 6lzl.
111111 +_+..
1
n 4-Z- nzll'Jel !+ 248163264
-I-J-I-I-.L--I
2"
I 0.50000000
2 0.75000000 rqE +E a i, i, *, +*, :i, **, ..., 1-;, ...9 e=E+. g+sE q
0.87500000
"*g.Jg cJ$;q- "|fl ?E t}g rj*cj r.oll zlz|gl{g Bq+E}. ¤^ll
3
4 0.93750000
-=., ol ++E olg +E6l E*ol q6l$ +E Elg 1ql g6I= "J* z\?2fl "J
e
J 0.96875000
6
7
0.98437500
0.99218750
E + 9l+. relF-tr. ol +dJ B+q Elol loliz, +¤.r+ gol L+ElLlly A
10 0.99902344 ol q}'J6ll ts_oJtrl.
15
20
25
0.99996948
0.99999905
0.99999997
i
1111
2" 2'4 '8
n= |
11 +-*...:1
*ro* I-I-

Hli¤I tst}g o186il^J "JH}4"J ++ EE t}g +4 q+E +e6Jq.

:Btg
'ig!+ eg +E ^d46iz}.
5l : ol,
sr: a, * a'r,
s.l :0r * a,* ur,
.e.t :01 * u2 I u3* a^

.JHlzles +gr+ e+.

s, : o,1 * o.,r*ar* . ., * an: io,. :

i= I :

^le.+ f¤ {",,}g B^dd}=Ell,

olfl +E Bg olel +E}ol +4B +E +
T.HBlzl glg +E ?14. lim n .*s,,: s7l (+.J?l +e) +46IE, *E ql

ql^le| ,Jol, olE +.J #+ I r,g B"l4 .J+.

 8.2 a+ t 475

E E9l +qd ++ tf: Lan: 01+ a2* a3 * ...q q6il s,g +g!+
t* n4 ++ Bg 44d4-r alx}'
,,:}on: ar* az* "' * an

+g {r,}ol +86}r lim,--s,,: s7} d+s +46}8, *f Eo,

g +EEttrll 6IL El+r+'J"l 't4{4.
ar*a2+"' + an*"' :s E-}. io,:"

f "E
ol t+9 eol"+ ++. +g {,,}ol n**L ++= guE}trl r ffi $ol 4Er+ Bli6IzI.
3 +tr}. [* fG)dc: tim ['IG) a,
,, I t+o r.f 1

El+^l ++q l}e ++ Bq +gq ++"1+. r4oe. Er:ro,,:s4 ol 4+E <I¤ *zl fioll tPel tz|
zls=, ++g +E6l Flg 6Jg cl{}eE*l f ,oll g6t= o3g-z}z}$l 4 zi+tJ ffioll t-+oot+. ++9
= a+q= tf,Q nzlzl c-l;f-L n-cr
e + il+g *+tr}. +¤¤ +"Jl'Ial. r+.
L o*: lim i oo
!.rB 19 Ezl tsl Ar+= zlolq4 o
z:l 2+@i=l E. ?86J4. rHr+ zJol ,u.4EE¤
trbs=i sE Bf9 *ol"l 6tE, 5fg
V
GEE +Et q|ts q8r+ eg EHI E+oltrt. +4Bq 9ql ;: #;7IdB6i
=i+E =e,El EE.s:
a*ar+ar2*ars+...*arn-r+... : i af-t (a+0) ft= eE+,
n=l

4.Jg zld 6Jq gul r¤ *t11^l g=q. (aza4q1,q a: rolI r: *tl E af

Bt a+E olul oJo|$fc|.) af
Pf ) r: 1 g Ql, s, : a* a+ -.. + a: na---- t oo ol4. lim._* snol E46I al
z,l gre-EE,
"l a+oil EHI ++ts g4}ttrt. ar
r+ LH nll, Elg=$ trol tfz}. a-ar ar
s
7,
sn: Q* ar* arz + "' * arn-
TSn: arl arz+ "' + arn-t + arn
a a

+ ^-lg ilt{, El-¤¤ e=+.

sn- rsn: a- arn ,

f.l
s
o(t- r") d
Lrl l
l- r fal
- I < r ( l"J rL 8.1eE trq elfl rL---+ (D "J 4l ""---+ Qolsg 49ol C t ge +4q8, +H6l= +Hl ++
gtr+. el *e qer+ e+.

lll*",
:
J* + : #ll* : fi aafl EJ
T-E-
1 -,L- "
476 . r{l8g E+

r4o.tr lrl< rg q EBI B+i +H6lz r f,.e al\- r)o14.

r 1- 1 E= r> 19 "]l, +B {""}g 8.14E Bq Eq Btlo}1, olq;
"I4 4l Eq E4 lim,,_-s,,E *4a},q *84. trI?+^i EHI *t= olfl
a+ql g4I.JtrI. r
-H-71 lE ¤+= +*4 ,Jol sqlE}4.

W +g-4 ee 5Hl ++E ^J46|zI.

L o,r"- | : a* o,r* ar2 + ..'

rt='l

ol FBI +++ lrl < r"J trlt +B6lr, :z +g +*n+ e+

⑦
@

Eor"-L-1--o- (t, lrl <t)

lrl > t "J trI, +q ++= gt'J+

EF]IEr +B EHI E+el BE *otat.

_ 10,20
? -r g - 2T-"'
40
o-
EO aA 6J3o:5ol-a*Hl= r: - 3"t+ I'l:i< tolEs, ol Bf=
Eq Eq +B6Ir r Bg E+¤.4 AE+.
_102040 _r...: 5
: *:, T
"3'g2z
=--
1- -52 3

r-tszl 2oll 9l= ++E g,o1 3olzlI n sn

"JEl ,il, dxlls E6l+ tsI= +floJ 1 5.000000 s,
7I? EE, ++61 "*g 6Jg 6I+4 2 1.666667
clp ag H+. r4
6lLI4l dzlls 3 3.888889
+ cE Bq qq^l dal Be ++ 4 2.407407
ilE +gel +ti"l+. reloe + 5 3.395062
3

E6l "*g %Lel E.g q+oe,td, + 2.736626

3q g6|: rl# zlzl-9l¤ + 91trI. 6
7 3.175583
s= llg ¤ zll9 ++ + s^9.!14 8 2.882945
+a. rB 2el r4s= ++ ilE 9 3.078037 0
20n
f¤ol 3ql TIzI+leg Bq++. 10 2.947975
aal 2

V
EEEr g4 E2'"8'-"9
n= I
+Eo-l=z? gtl6l"=71?
EOI ol #+E nzll 6J¤- Ei¤-4 zlol ar" -' ge 44421
 8.2 E+ . 477

-" : z)ns- (n-,, : : r oel rB qt]q+ E += +

Err"r, E,,, E#:
Er(+)"-' ¤-4 aol il+ * zlE 6Jg
%}He
,4A]tr=
4.o14.
ol #+= r:4oltr. r:f oJ EHI ++"Jg g + gl4.
'> Lolo", n* 16
s * s *...
64
ol ++= trql E6ll g&;}tr}. I

V
EW # zsn:2.zlrlrrr -..8 8+E Hl-a LEtr-t|4.
zBrTrTrT "' :2.3* {* * "'
EU l0' {100 ** l0'
a: olJ. r :

,
a4 6&9 4lelql +"lal* L7ltO3 L/rO2 "J 5El ++"lE+. TEC 8. zts +4¤q^l 4
trtE^J trl-+g e:+. i.#.
E:+6Ir. 0
t7 zl HHI q ol E+7I ¤"lut Eq +H
tT
stbzlE "JotE4 t4.
zsn:2.t*+:2.2*+
'- ld loo
:- 23 17 rl47 r

ㅡ
10 990 4s5

rEV lrl< r"J q a+ n:0Er"el EIE aotal.

EO ol ++= n.:0oll^l ^lz+qa, "lq q+ lrll 6.Jg r0:1"14. (#f
ql^lE +Elzlgs r = 0 oJ a+qlE o0 : lgs ^84tlr+.) :zelge 4 테급
8
~ -
무

gr+ a+. I ∞

도 n
=
x
-

!r":1* r*12+rs+ra+-.- I
-

x
n:0 =O

olag a- lolr r:roJ Etsl ts+o14. lrl: lrl< 1olE.?, ol= + "
gsla trq e.l6t trl-# E=4.
좁oanXn
1 fN=
E !r"-
n:o L-t
r .

VE+:A#ilol
GEIil +HsE.H.olr, r Ets *olat.
Efl "lae ++z| "|q+. f4oe. +H6I= t+e] Cels qEoITl^J
EHI
++ ?E *gC6lzI.
:,
', : ; 7;+tr uL- 2 . B - z . 4-r "' tC=rI
-r

4¤4 Ae ++ t+s +6ll6IE, 91E 4¤- ,J+61 g + 9lE+.

111
;6TlI i+ L
 479 ! E+
^1l8Ef

(6.3¤g B+.) olq qE 4*ol ^JB{}tr}

r6J=ol $es Azl¤g +oJ6[z[. 1 :i-/r_ 1 \
n
olaol zlg E= aE qlol+. s+ sr: E i(i+r)-
qEql {}e (4il49 zl9l
,zl9l
i= 3r\i i+T)
L

B: "Jge4 Aol) iJE¤

^4g{7]r B
: (, -
q'S+ElElB=trf.
l_I_-:.--:-
t).( \).
1
/ (\ -
t). . (\ - "+,)
-1
n+ I
zl9-l Hts * telescoping sum
:
3El ++ harmonic series
:a4o-e lims,,
n+@
lim (t -
n+¤ #)- 1- o: 1o14. trl+^l +qa +
+: +BEir r t}e qg!+ e+
f,fl 38 6}ol ,, : t/{n(n+ t)} "J
r
+gE r?]lsel ++ fliE +C t rr.(tr,
1

* t )
r
I
{,"}9 lrq+"sal ts-71 69 ql6
6iA 914. a^ + 0oltr .e, 1"Jg E
-
g¤ Ezll 464 47ql^l -e7l V +B ral a+)l 사수로발로
Emf
--
gttEr= Eqal 8급 보기 시차이번

역에쳐는
N
"Jslz}.
6q EIt} + 7l7l "il4¤. B + 914.
11
"!,*:r*f,* T+z+ 세 수발
Etll ol SEoJ ++E A+ql= ++ 6J sz, s4, s8, sr6, ssz, ...8 t4dtr,
trl¤.!+ zJol
"la,Eol ae¤- -H-olzl. 부분합발한 발
sz: 1+ f,, " 수할 수
{rJ
n
sa:1***(+.+ > 1++.(+. +) 1 +
2
2
0
t lt
s8:1*r*lg*a 1
* It n o1 + 7l + -:-I 1

.rA 3
S2 = t ) \F

SFH 칼 *5 t 4 개 * + *+ ( + HI ) > 1++.(+.i .(*.+.*-,*

보

t흥 흥 흥 = H )
3 . = H2 5 4 + 허금 + 흥 개 차4보 흥,*+
* + t
+
*t* ,*+, + +
1
2

2
3107 개 2
.9 ,*+.(+. +). (+ +... + 1
-:- + (+. .. +-l t\
ro/
eszn 7lni ∞ HznF
E

~ ( t\
∞
52 개 n
에
며@ > r++.(i. i). (+ +... + t + (#. 1
... {_t
roi
S는 발산
I ar+ #+7[ B't]t]g H_olzl 96ll
m~ " 114
:1* +.+ *T*r:r+,
-H.71 7ql^J ol¤:t %lHe. ge}j ul
) f .t,
9il(Nicole Oresme, 1323-1382)
^I
ol aq}fl4.
uftzlxltr, s32 1* s64 ) 1* f "te, 9HI4 " e qs=4 e+
> I+
| sr,,

ol.i n.---- *9 4l sr"--- oooltr olq 4+ {""}"1 gtl$g Eq++.

trl-?+^J 4s+ +t=
"J^I'JE+. I
 성립 C - ㆍ ) 조화급수 8.2 E+ . 479

지역은
,

n
E lal ++ !a,ol n I
lima,:ool4
+B6IH, u+@ Pf 이
며
an =
sn

"' * anole| alz|. relB an: sn- str- r ol4. X ,,,o1 em

S= X 다하자
5E s, : ar* az* ∞

+HEIE-E, +g {""}* +Bt}+. lim,,--s, : s4 6tzt. n - oo oJ e

oll ("- 1)- -oloF, lim,,--sn-r : sol4. tri4^l E+gg gEq. .osu= X 다 ( snr - F
sum
.

∞
0

:JI*("*-",-,):J11,"-,111*",-, :s-s :o D
Jg*

atl. t. ++ E a,qlE F zll9 +e, E ++ tI9 f¤ {""}a} t}

.JEel
E +g {o.}ol ¤+g+. Eo*ol +86}H, +g {""}9 +t}g (t
+9 tt) soltr, C?-l trql el6ll +g {r"}9 +6Jg 0ol+.
dt Z. C4 Eel qg "JHI49-E $ol olq+. lim,,-.- an: OolrJelE
X r,ol +Hfl+r aE4¤ + fl't. as+ ++ Etl"A a+ql
n --, @ I 4l a, : L/n-- OolzlE}, E7l Z.ll^l Eifl qlE X t/n*
gt}"JtrI.

aol
E gtt rrJtrB lim,--a,ol +z116}z1 gJ:A* lim n-*an * 0olE, gt Sd H test for divergence

++ i n:I
o,e gt}+tr+.

B4l stBe cel EoE+El +Eg+. ell+6}H a+71Bt6tzl ?J:e.

E, ++E fBo}lrll, r4ts lim,__ an:}olq"t alzl rllgolr{.

V
FIIEI
=* E #rol "J^til= Eqar.

EU,l4o,:j11h:jll*#:*_, 2

:z4oe. ol ;-f BtI tctsql E6ll g&++. tr

=

ao o 동 도대수
인
A+qE X r,ol +H6l=zl gta}EzlE 'J += fltrt. +r 2E
=

ArE t}7l6}zl. lim,--* a,,: OolB, ++ X ,,3 +Bg +E 9l

z "J4Ig +E 1ltr}.
480 . 8188 E+

tr 8q 8r,,4 Eo,ol +e6lb ++olg, ^ll ;:i !"",(cb tf),

E(o,, +b,,),!(r,-b,,)g +B6Ia 49"1 CB'J+.
(r) i"
n: I
Q,, c D an
n= I
(ri) i(,,,+b*)
[: I
: ir,* n=iu,
n=l 1

(ur) I(
n:
@

I
dn-bn ) i
rt1
o,,- Ebn
It\

+H6I= ++'il *Ql olfl cae 8.1¤el +¤q qel q+6F= +oJ B
a os+El +EE+. ql= Eq {zl"ll,rl= aE tre.l (ii)= =o*o.
4+4 aor +:I
n 6
": o,, t,, : Ib,, t: I
@

8n:
i=1
I",, E
tt=l d:l n:l
b,

+f I(""+b,)el n4l *E Be q*4 aq.

u^ : bn)
,i--r(on+
:aEa s.24e) m¤- ol+6IH trt¤.g ?b+.
^l
limu,:
fL-@
lim
n-@i:
i(r,
I
+ b,): lim
n-@
(i
\r: I
on+ iuo
i: I
n
: lim lim Ebr : Iims,* lim t,, : s* t
Io,+ z-@i=l
n+@i=l n+@ n-t@

El+^J X(", + b,)g +g6la, r tlg +*l} e+.

6@

X (", +b,): s I t : Eo,+ X b,,

a:l n:7 n=l

rtr E+ ,p.(a*1;.+)q EtE *otar.

EUI E1/2"* a: .loltr ":*{ Etsl *+olsE, 4*"1 {B++.

1

P,A:;:, 2

e-zl ooilr.J +¤¤ ElitEt.

@

P,il;;D:'
_14oE 4el trq E4 +qd ;.++ +H6tr., r ile +++ aq
 8.2 A+ t 481

"\-,
(a*T.+):'i a*-r +l A:g.
n=1 2n
1+1 :41

daV
4. #oJzllg
ㅡ
'Je *+el +el} B&ql g6}9 vv.l^l ?+=+.
ql$
r+g *#zl +B6.J4b ^l^¤g El6J + 9ltrtll 7Id6I7.I.
=-E,
$n
3nn'+t
=
수 금 )
도금뤼 <청야
n : r+q trt+r+ aE+.
^1.+6IH

i ---t-:
@

1- 1- 3--' i =' 수수
,=rn'+l I ' 28'flnn'+l =
수
r4,-=. dill ;i+ If= +1)g +H++. ulalzlzlE,
,n/(n3 ff
Xf=r+r a",ol +H6Its, Qf,. dill f$g +H'Jtr|.
i
n=l
ㅏ
arr: \arr*
n:l n=N+L
6

I an

ㅏ
고작몇 ( 유하고 개 더한

T 지조는 티도 안 난다고
A
elg Er{
-E +94 ++
1. (a) iloleg *q..JzI?
^tolel
(b) +H6Is +++ *9."Jzlz g&6I: ;+E +
11
@n
\-.t
Z-J
7r
| 12
@

5I
(O)"
n:0.1^n* "?o
9."JzI?
2. E 7= r an:571 *6|E Hl-= ¤8614. +g ++9 +B q+E SA61e-}. .fBalB
13-24. .u
tI9 *"t4.
3-6. +¤. ++E ++ {tE +gg il¤- qH4
t+= fH s= g&ts 4se Bol=71-?
t't7t7l
13i
n=1 2"
1
,o-!,ffi
C6t+.
. p,# 4. i l"GTl)
rr=1
1 15.
@

, 3n- I
n:1
n-l ,.8#
(-r)"-'
@
l+2" I
E !
gt
@
17.
5. L --!--
n: I L+ Vn
6. ,
n=1 nl. n: I
@
3"
18
rr: I "o. n

1e. ,\/, 20. E {(o.a)"-'- (o s)"}

7-12. c++ EHI ++E +B q+E S46I+. +B6lE ";, n= |

r i+g *ot4. (cost)k

?
21 ! arctann 22 !
lc= I
7. - 2+ 0.4 - 0.08 + '..
10
8. 1+ O.4+0.16+0.064+ .'. * i.* 111
*g*rz*rs*...

9, E'# ,,,i:# 24.

r2r2
I--!-r-!-+---
*. ; ' 27 ' 82' '243 729

돎
482 . xll88 E+

2s-28. (_B7l 6ql^14 zJol) ++ tl s,,g 7l+l B= i+ 40. !7-ta^9 "41 PE ilol s,:3-n2-""J q,
-otr s¤6ll^1, 4g ++el +g q+E +C6l+. +B
alH f. *9 *otet.
",4 E 7: t a,,E ilg *"14.
41. t *zFE ,llg +ae 150g9 Eg EEE+.

a
n
25. t
1L n.
2
26. !
a=l
t,,
n*L q}g Hzl zldql EE ^l4ql
5 E"7l Eql tsoI il4.
(a) C4 Eg Ee flq Bql tsot 9lE Eel ole
27
n:1
3
T A;T3I rt=
r 6

28. z) (eI/. -
"t/(n+
L
t))
gu}"JzI?
(b) A+ Eq tsoi 9l: oJ9 9"ioJz}?
"+E
29. r: + 6[^].
0.99999...
(a) r < 1oJ7I? otqfl r:1oJ7l? 42. oJ+il 1q +q* ,E +goJ flql +xlgl a4ql
(b) Etsl ++E 6Je--s r E ak.9a *oI4, .J¤ilE t.E: zlf{_e-e zJ+lutEull, olql E+
^l
(c) f 1e q zlzle- -Edq=71? 4 D"- ot oE L++E + gl+. qzl.,.J ,= ^lrJ(t
(d) + zlzl olrjes ^+
s¤gb f E Fg..Jzl? ab ""t9 1l#o14.
+.1
^l)g ++Lllr
(a) 1Ef +q+ DA T\7J"1+ +qqlqg, n+1
30. +gq .Je q¤-4 zJ"l c9¤4.
H4 Fq6}zl l$nfzl &+ +Eq B¤ LI$
ar: | , dn: (5 - n) on-, ql= ,{+.
^lg
(b) ++zl.J +q d +EE AA6i+,
If= t ot,2 d6I+.
(c) "J¤fl9 bEE flzll* "J4lAf c oltr-g +zl
31-34. 4g +E A+el ulge LtE+Iil+. ollol rJ4H, 4li Fq=J DE c, a, Zel

&
31. 0.8: 0.8888 "' 92. 0.46:0.46464646 s -E aa6'I+.
^l

33. 2.516: 2.516516516 "' 43. t!+r} Eg 48, r E¤- *g r

34. 10.135: 10.135353535 "' ^lHl/.,ql ^|Be
+ "J+E +^l ++. + HallE iloJ Eg B-e ^[
B9 :- + "J+E r^-L, olel ,Jol 414¤4. Cxil
3s-37. E+g;+rI +B6I= 19 at¤- *"I4. 14 t qtzl-ts olfl ¤414"J HI¤¤ 6# aq'4r ,t!+.
d (tql 46ll ++E Elg *ot?+. rB¤ zl%I +FillE 7it6lr., r zl* c+ql^l
n
35. ,
Z
36. ! z'(r + t)" ,g4E zl¤6ll^l olfl r+col
^lztg+rge
6r^i. z]

@
3t' n0
e¤ Eg Eg 4 ^iBg r\\cvoE ar, EE
37. I
(x - 2)" 100s7oE x'l+q}+r 6IzI. cE -.JZl lul d:d, s
n=0 J
¤ et4l 11+ ¤BolE 6l-=Ell, EE c* s: 1ol+.
(a) nH9 zl= ,+A flq dCE +^le"-qg ^9"o1
38. a+ ++b 6}01 0q 7v++)^lzl"J g4I++= ^r
¤¤ "Jol*+. trI¤- B+qE rfl caol 9l+g + 6tz}. ,s, ql .ll{! rl¤ *ot4.
!.q4. (b) k: llsoJ *I lim,-*,9" : kr"J¤ trq+.
@ / r\ + kE o+4 oJ+. 6J4l rd6}ol 807o9
)-t"[1+:l
J=t \ tLl Ellel +++ gsloJz}? ^Hl

D dl.z: 6""r C+= xll{ z16

oleJ fld-lE ol$o]1.{ zJz}
39. B+ If=r a,9 zzll -9-g Bol s,,:#"J q,
g C'&alq}+. gqe "l flqE "l+611^] qlil$
",4 X T= r auq Bg *oI4. Eql olz|= Eq 4e6I= ag CBsItJtrI.
=
 8.2 E+ . 483

44. qB tg hg kolql^J EE6lr BS+ Hlqql B 48. oI4 rBE 44 +48 ABCqI^l LA: dolr
{¤ 41"14 rh$ golE +^l Hq s=4. {zl,<l lACl: b4n alxi. cDY ABq 4fl fd"l.z,
0 ( r< lolE+. *"1 i.lgoll H^4 +olql^l Eq DEY BCql 4fl fdolq, EFLlZrolr, olfl
tlct-1. alzt. 4-Cg:1Hq +ElS qE E$,ol 4l+6tz|. +q=r| a
(a) *ol ES.ol EI^l Fiq eEqr 7IA6lr, +r-ol
e +del 201 d8l9 Bg be| 0 9 al " e +E+rI+.
+zl?1 d^ll ,lqp {oI+. I cD l+l DE l+ I Ap l+ l,rC I + .'.

(b) +ol s4.J d4l ^lrJg dBI+. (ao¤ ta 5g A

tot'^ gqT!+= ^Idg 0l+6}zl.) D 0

F
(c) *ol Blqql {E uE B9 41"t4 - kr.,9 4E-
b
.E Hq sE+r zIAuF,l. {zl.tl 0 < /c < 1

olE.L *ol E¤ ullzlzl ail g"loJz}?

^lt¤.
B GE C

45. x (t * c)- " : 2 oJ ull, c9 ttg B"t"Jzl?

n:2 4s. +g cql^J e*¤ d3 *9elzP
0:0*0+0+"'
EEoa. 0< z < l"ll^J n:o, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...q1 .116ll : (1- 1)+ (1- t)+ (t - t)+ ...
a: r"9 rqs= eg +{ql rq;+. "Jd+ + -1-1+1-1+1-L+..-
d ^Iolel HolE *ot^1, -E_71 6ql^l troJ q+_ ^l- : 1 * (- r + 1) + (- 1 + 1) + (- 1 + 1) + ...
¤¤- zlaislzJes $e4. :1*0+0+0*"':1
t+g+^(cuido Ubatdus)E ol4"l tl9
i
n= L
1

;G.-Trt -1 Bt+a ^84flEr11, '+E+El +71.+4"*71

Eoltr|.1
=4E ql
+

47. ol4 rHq +EU F fl ce+ ,= HlzlEol rolr

A Pql^l eldalq T7l *E 9dd"l4. fl c,e so. E 7: r an @, * 0)ol +B6l-= ;if a}-L alz}
c, ,D, 7e+ d6l-r., g cr= c. D, c,!+ d6}q, xr: ,L/onol gl}6t= ++"Jg +B6I+.
q+ c, D, Crr+ dq1+. ";fl r|49 ¤$.ol 4l
+ts + 9lr, gS9 +.J ¤ {c"\& "JE + 9l 51. a?-l trE (i)E +E6I+.
+. c"9 zlEql r.l|+ ^lg *r, olq u}4 Bzl o
q 4{} E tr}E zl6}Ei4 +gg 4l^l6t+. 52. Eo^ol $,llo'l.r. c* 0o1ts, E"onol B^Itlg
Eq+.

'
s3. ++ Xr,ol +H6Ir. Ea,ol g,t}6tH, ++

irir
X(",+b,,)ol g&ilg Eq4. |,ilfl: fl+Hs

C
i. D
.e {lB6t4.l

54. tr,4 Ib,ol .E+ g416'|8, X(o,+b,)g HI

T c,rl uJ{lalf.z}!
484 . r{88 A+

E+ "J+ol-r. I ++ B s,oJ .I.

rtattt laa
5s. ++ Eo,E 6Jg III r!r r!r
aaatat laa

E-= noll qldl +E4 s, < 1000$ EJ+^l{qr' I tr

I

a
r ta
.It
tra
6tz}. t o,,ol tiJE l +B{-= "l+= ¤B6l?+.
a

I tr
altatt
.I.
tlt

a taa

s6. ulEqil +ce 4¤. aEgq.

^l-g.E
(n> 58. (a) i¤ {a"}¤ o,+ azTt S99 ¤+"J q 3 ol
f t:1, fz:1, fn: fn' t*7,-, 3)
1tE n"ll E||6il 4l o*:t(r,,_, *an-r)ql E
4g. Bx,tlzt 1+"Jg E_q4.
6Il flB4g.E. Ae]¤E|. ar4 ar! fifl zlzl
1
(a)
fn- r ln+ t fn- t fn ln In+ r fiql 'ilfl d¤6|r. 4ltzlE "l+6ll^i "l +¤
el +o'Jg ++6'I+.
(b) i #t,-,:r (b) a,rr-o.9 az-atE {gE g¤6ra ++E
q4^1, lim,"--a,,¤ alni oz9 sloe 44
t"'E h:r..,:2 .{+.

57. +"J +Elzi tEol(oeotg Cantor, 1845-1918)E 5e. tr|g a+= ^846I^|.
olBg ts rJEcl dgg +s-r+ ?ol 7t.J4. EaJ n
+A [0, r]o1^l +,5}r, gfl +rJ (}, })+ aa E= I GT]T
n

oJtrt.+ +,J [,,, +]rt [i rlol $5r]l, 44q^l 7t (a) *B B sr, .e2, s,,, saE *"|4. EE=ql q
E +zlol ?lEzI? f +zlg ol+6t^l s,,oll 4
eEfl +E gg +r-l-g 414.J+. Lll +Aol BErll, s
* *4e ++614.
+^l 4r+ll^l Tl.gEll + q ga +78 414'[]+. ol (b) +El4 flSBg 0l+6ll^1 9E fffi +8614.
d ,+49 ES.ol HI+61-=Ell, 4 +4lq^l= r d + (c) ?olrl ;|fz| +Btlg _H.olr, r qlg *"t4.
4lq^l tse 4 +rJql^l 7l-gEil + el gil +rJg 4l
60. o].4 rBq= 4c.4¤q +AAEe +ga}= +
a+q. ,JEq dllg ola s= ++"1 41rl¤ flql +61 "*e S"l ?lb']l, 4 ge q= flE "t t4
. [0, l]q Be +Es ol+qtE]. ¤E HEr+ d{itr}. ,H:4B9l 6J EE ?"lz} 19
(a) 4lzl¤ +rJ a4E ,JolE tlol 1.Jg -H-q?+. r
ull, flEol ilzl?'}= d4 HolE *ot+.
flrlls tEq d*"tl} ? t6l el3 fzt st}¤
+. +Eq d6Jq +'J +EE ql= 5ol+.
(b) ,1.1;=E;.71 gEJItb +Eq dB"tl rllso6'k ol
4¤ 'llt"ltrl. ol= * {ol 1.J A^}4¤9 zl.S
trh¤-il, tse q'J TllE c^I4B
'il +g 44t
4z+"ll^J Tl.gEll *g aa"H, ols+ ,=bl 414-6-J
4. ("tzll :gg ol$ +C6h= !* rll Ea}$ tr
q+q.) 4lrl¤ a^I4BEel .J".I9 Bol loJg
Bq4. "lql EIE ^llE{471 "J+ztel Hol= o
oltrt.
C

8.3 4E EJEH4 HIE E8H r 485

쉬발
E 4E tldgrl Hl-E
"JgH

"JHI4eE, ++E A+t tt9 *zlts qB+. *q^l FHI ++e+ 3+

Et/{n("+ r)}9 A+q} ete +*=Ell, 4 A+ql ,,41 *E B,,oll 4t
,J++ ¤L4g *g + llflzl 4lE"l4. rel+ lim,,--r,9 ^Jol F+ d
zlb 9*q. :z4ee. ol{n+ +g ¤ql^l= ++E fl.g Bq6}al *zl g}rㅡ

E a+71+e6r=zl B&rlEzlE actr + 9l= s4Bg golE4.

…

"lE ¤q^J= 6}0l *+"J A+qlg ++tsq, "lql q+ ? E ile ?zI

+4. rla +g e?-lql el6ll "Ifl ++q +Br+,J4Ie +E t}ol ee fl
otklz,lql IrI4 aAE+.
=xl
4E trJEE
+¤.+ zJol alol "Jgl c+E 4l#"J a+E zr^16lz}

*i*+-+*#-
n
11 '":rpr+
I -:
,2f - 5 1.4636
l0 1.5498
iJ$ nz|l 6,Jg tl ,^oll 4oJ +t.J +^le sq. rq+ e_E4 qEq 4^l 50 1.6251

el A+EIE. ^JC{t +sq qeB, n---> @ g trll ++ g'o; t.049 +%''ql 100 1.6350
t.6429
il= +s zl7lo1 z3 fietr- -eolq, a+71 +Bg a-g-.e- BoJtri. 1000
500
1.6439

"Ifl =49 zl;t44 bBe.tr. q"JE + gltrl. :.H 19 4C y: L/rz 5000 L.6447

4 ol *d "Hql +qfl= Z]^I4BE¤ Bq=+. 4 4^I4Bq "JHe

z)o\zl 1ol fzJolr kolE +rJq s=+ Edql^l y:Llr2e1 +il}4
?JE+. a4sB zl^l4B5E Hol= Ele 4¤-r+ a+.

111
_r-J--r
11 _51
12'2'' s2 V* t'* -L)2
n: I TL

v
I
Y=--;

tsq: +
0 2 3 4 5 x,

H"l: + H.t:+ H.l:+ H.l:#

lgl

arq zl^i4$g 4A6IE, 4"lzl {^l4$ d^llel HolE r 2 t'J "I +

d s: L/xz oy44 Hol, +. a+ /-(r /rz)arE al.E-+ ^I+. 6.6eql^l
 *
특이적분
SA of (Nd=
,
l
∞SAtflx)dx If) l 값이수
486 r r1l8g E+

ol +ol zjEe- +H6lr r Atg 1ol4E ^Idg EtH+.

:a4o-s_ r3-oe.
+El s= ++ ilg tr}gtr+ zt+.

* * [* \a*:z
L VI T

r4o.=. ++ llE-g rJB 9ll, ++: +g6Jr+. "l ++E tI(++ EIg
+*)E qgr+ z3o1 zB4 zI4.

1rl
/t 2
n=lTL

tA9l4 folzl 99e1(Leonhard Euler, t707-1783)= ol ++q Aq+ B

ol n2l6ol4ts
^I¤g Bdflr+.
rflql ol ..ilt +Ee ol 4E B+l
1L
$r
lJ T; E HqU+.1
^idql
t=r {2 ㄴ
5 3.2317 49 ++E oJo|tr2[.
"l4l
10
50
5.0210
L2.7524 s_L:-L-{-_L-_L-
LJ
I -...
100 18.5896 t/t
nT1 1/rr. t/Z t/l t/4, ,/S
500 43.2834
s,,9 (tql qoJ sE ++ qlol +,tI"J i4lzlzlfl4zl e*g d,oe s.
-E-ts
1000 61.8010
5000 139.9681 "J4. :zqgs +qd A+= B4l6J ass -tr.J+. E+^l rBg ol+ql
:.H 2= +d y:tl
'/i+ E{?brll,
olHqlts +dq +l+
^l +fl6iz}.
ql +qfl= 4^I4B# ol$alz|.

v I
J,

0 2 3 4 5r
'J ol:
ar
1
'J ol:
\/2
1

- Hol: -6
1
g"1: -!\/4
-te,l
JOL
,

4 zl^t4¤q "JBg z)olzl1"J +,Joltrt. kol= +rJE g+ ¤dql^l

a: 1l G q El.fat4 gr+. :1elo e zl^I4¤ a4el -Jol9 Bg Els-!+ aEL
1r 1r 1r 1r 1r._$ t
JT'O',/T'14'Ji 3,J;
ol dxll Holb r > t.J q +d y: tl6 olefl9 'Jol, E zt+ /-(tf 'E)a,
e-l {tts+ zq. rflEJl 6.6eql^l go}*Fol ol +ol ztE+ B4}{}E}. Ht
 8.3 4E EJdg!+ Hljil EJtrE t 487

?l g6IH, +d olqg HolE *aJ4ol4. :r4o-e. ++g tlr uJ=,(l +

t4olc}. E, *+= g4I6J+.
olfl + ++"il 4oll "l*tl zlalqr4 +-B4 +ae %IBg olgofl.! r|g
+CEg +BE} + ?l+. (+Be olH AE eq fl4.)
Eol
4E EfEg tl+ /ts [1, "o)ql^J ¤+"lr "]+olq AA++_r. 6] 4S +CH integral test

z|. :ze-lr. an: f (n)ole| alz|. relE ++ X i= ta*ol +B6lzl +l

+ gs ++ aae +ol 4+ I,- ttrldrz[ fflotts 4o14. H]+l "J

6}tr, trIg4 aq.

(i) f , fG)ar7| +BdlH, Er,* +HtJ+.

(i) /,* f(r)ax7l g4l6IH, io,g g&t}4.

etr 4+ satsg ^l-+g trI, B+ E: 4Bol n:1oll^J ^lztg gsE r www. stewarlcalculus. com
Additional Example AE .H.4
nq ql=EH, ++ E6+s sce *= /. fio'
g ^l-+t+.
E f zl6"^J A^¤ g8-} S,E+. +.8-{} 4* f zl t+4 os Aa
q¤ + ffE+ 3 roll 46ll ,J^E|"F t4b
"llo} tI4, + ^ldol+.
:rlelE Xf: ranol +B6Ia, ol.ll ul4 8.2eel +r 4q Eql
Df= ra** +B+q.

V s4 Ennn in
Gtrr i fft
n: l
+aJ q+= EtEdEl

EO .J+ f G): (tnr)/xy r > loll 4oll "Jfola 84"14. ell+6}E sr

B++ old f"ll,rl %Efoll ¤4olzl trll+ol+. :flrll /zl e46lEzl
R+6lzl ?*o oe, tr+g!+ eol EB+E +xI.
= x(t/r)-lnc 1-lnr
l'G): r
Z
2 2

r4 oe. lnc ) tg ull, E r> eoJ 4l f'b)< Ool4.

"l"ll rl4 /ts .4¤. SCHS "l*a}7l gl6il^l:
r) eoJ ql ,JA6}-L, El¤.q- ?"1 4E SCHS zl+g + 1l+.

(t1')' f ,*r*ro,E ag *g + 9l"lot eI

tnr
Jtl'* r dz : lim ft
tna
d,r: limiryIl
z
: rim : "o Ecll, "loll trl+ /el qja$+E *
1-*J1r t; )r;; 2 g f ll"l"t ttrl. ¤-6l olag qB
5"1 4ts"1 ,*{}6l-E-=., 4B *4Hql elql *f !(rnn)/nE z* Ezl-bol4. :-4oE += +
ts41 B SCHoI E g_e-6}+.
*trr. r
488 r E+
V
^118a|

rqllapel otE ,Jol +H6tE7f?

=" E#ot
Et16t1

Eltl p < OoJ Ell lim ,-,-(t/no)- oo ol-tr, p: 09 4l lim ,**(lf r,,'):7
olr+. 4 A+q lim,,-* h/"o)/ 0olE-s, "J& SCHqI E6ll +qt
*+: g4l.Jtrl. (8.2¤E E¤ trE.)
p > 0"J 41, /(r) : rlrp9 EEEI [1, .o )ollrl S4"lr "J+"lq A
rllotrtoil4 +¤-^I¤g gaflq. (6.6ee.1 Dl= E+.)
^qiE+. *|
f dxY p> 19 trll +H6Ir , p < loJ rll "Jtl++.
J, trP

. qlf, Erll ss-aa"ll,('l z1+ $CBql .:qoE" 4+ SCHqI qq A+ \rlnp? p> I"J q +B6ia
96ll +B6l= ++E {+e += "J ptt.J q g,iltl4. (p:1oJ q "l +f= s.2¤E E-71 7ql^.1 EqtI
B9 "J"lE-4. as+ ;if"l4.) I
ts;l 2E ++E pEf4 sJ+. ol= "lH +e] {"lzlql^l +s6t7l trll$
ql, sss 6raflz1 ?loll ezl 2E er+= r+9!} eol -e-o+6Jtr|.
E

r) =-)- 5
H-r ZJ
r
n 3 r,, > 1"J trll +H6Ir, p 3 t "J trll g&tJtrt
n: I TL.

qlE EE, trI¤- +++ p: 3 > 1 ol pfrfol E

-e. +BaJtrl.

S-t 1* I - 1-' 1-..

ftrrr- - ,t' 2t' 83 ' 43
rei+ +¤. ++= p: + < 1?I p++ol']s g^!elE+
$ I : i i I I -' 1
,!rn|i:316-'--,-' W-- W- W--
HIE EJEH
qg ++= ^J46Izl.
rzl \-tl
3t2"+t
olag B+ StI^l7l=ql, ol* a: +ol-tr r: loJ EHI +
Xf:Jl2"g
foloe +Bt+. B+ EE +H6l+ ++e+,ll+ Hli6Irr_E_, ol4.g e
6'J HIE^l +Hg Ase _B.JtrI. dzlle r+4. +g +E^le +qd ++
plel o;"l +H6IE 5LBI ++E 6Je.+ 4gg Eq++.
11
2' +l'f
tr+4^] olel EE ++ *e (FHl ++9 iD 1EtrI zl4. ol= ol -? E qlE
 8.3 qE EEg4 Hla $trB . 489

ole,il +rI +gg BCt}9, + +Bilg E++. EtJ ol ++9 tlg +

¤.4 zJol FHI ++q IIH+ +4.
출채
*h''
@
=

,E,
Q 수 ← 추
Hl++ EBg "l$rilrl q+ SCBg +BB + !l=Ell, ol= 6}0l oJ+
ql ++q"J 4+9trt. arq +Ee +ol{! t+E '}ol fflo}= ++el .}
ts-trl +eH, r ++E +Btlg ++t}trl. Er,il ++e +qt ++9 6J"l
g416I= ++9 6}!-trl : ++E g4}tlg ++t'1.
=8, tol
uln SdH comparison lest
V
ulE +lEg Dr,4 Ia,,g 6}0l oJ+oJ ++4 6IaI. ~~

(i ) Xb,,ol +B6Ia e.E ngl 4oll o, s b,,o1E, , o,E fHq!4

(ii) Ib,,ol gt4n sE noll 4oil o,,2 b,,olH, tr,E B4It4
irq
oo
o{ ( i ) r5g-q- aol +z[. .*¤4 ++q iloleg of$oll ,rllzl
: o,, ,^: .i.u,, ,: r. E Aol +e6[E]. +ge +E +g
", E E oll, ++: fl.ol+. EE ++
o}#ol.oe, !a,9lE F zll9 +9, + 6J9 +
+ ++E 6Jg E+ +g {r"}r} {t"}9 ?ztt4. g{a"}4 +E t}E fg {s,,}ol *
(",*, : s, * on+ r ) ,,,) E, tn- tolo-=- EE nql ql6il t, < tolr}. dg4.
a; < b,olsB, s, S t,ol dB6J+. l4o=. E= nq 4dl s, < rol
ct. "lE {'"}ol +z}6}J.91-e zJB il+g X6}q, olq II}4 t4 +g
c?lql E4 +E,*trl. rqoE xo,3 +Bttrt.
( i i) X a,ol B4I6|ts, ({r"} ol ?7}6t-E-e.) r,---+ m olc}. rdEll

ao > 6,oJse, s,, ) r,ol4. l4og. sn-' oool4. trl+,\l X",9 oJ

tlttr+. tr

StHg 4+6|71 9l6ll^JE Hlgrl, HlrE +l6J +4e-E ^l+6lb

uJ-n uln cJtrEOl s=49! A+=
^l^tio-l=
E+ Db,g q zlxl $r. 9l9o} tq. rll++el a+ql +¤. B+ + 6ILl
= .^l-S+tr}.
p-Bf lEtlne* p>l"J ql +g4aps tg 4l g4}qlq.
tllg e4.r
r FHI ++ tXor"-'? I'l< rg q +Bdlr lrl > tg tril gt}tJtrI.
8.2eel EIE ts4.1

GFrr a+ L,rsfn**tg +g q+E IxJE6Et' 쉐

Ettl n9] <iq ql4 +Eq^i zltsH4"J xs2 znzolo-tr", +qd *+E +
=
도
l ~ = 0
nm ∞ 2n주 4 nt3
 490 r r.tl88 E+
수
+ X slb"')* ulnolz|.
순신
ffiol CBtlg
5-5
+g6}z|.

2n2+4n*3 2rt2
-
et+stH 4}Hq Eez} cl z-71 4l+"l4. (HlE SAtsel .trzloll,t-l a"$
E+.p (p:2 > toJ p;!+ols-E) +E{l+.
=lH, a"g +Hql ilEt.)

. Sn 10
=
Un =
i 2"'-
5 _5s 1

남다 rr:
rl4z'J ulL SCE9 (a)"ll el6l
I 23r"'
qgg +BttrI
I
tt: I 2n2
5
+ 4n* 3

E qq ilzl"J, olQ l4g /1/ql 46I ru > fl{14 cB6}= a"J "J6lH +
+61+. ell+6l{ B+el +Be *tz| olE Sa&$ Bzl ?*zl ull$ol4. 4
* E-zlzl ol5 q^lqlE+.

i
EgEa+ /c=l r*e +aJ q+E Eta6tat.
'\'
EO ezl 1ql^l 4+ SCHS 0l+611^l ol ++E Saflq. rdEll olE e
El ++e+ HIitEll^J scg +E gltrl. k > 39 4l rn6;. 1oleE. 4g
"l ^dB.J+.

Yr+ e, /c>B)
Ir/rol (p:L"J p;l.folE-s) g^}fl.g gl ll4. :aeloe. +qd
3+: utr. sctsql E6il g4I{}4. r
e-l. +H q+E +C6Iqb ++E .Jg +H6t= B+E 6}tr+ zla+
oLqH g&61-= i-+el olEE+ zlot aJ4. 6}0l +eflE ++ei 'Jj|
4 zA+ E&6t= ++fl 'Jts.trl zte.Q, uln S{Hg 4+e + fl
+. qE Eq +g ++E ^J46l.zl.
f;r
6

n-- 't Z" - L

uln scBg -rqa15 a+ql ++ +F^le +sfl+.

1 11
2" -L 2"
e1l+6lB xb,,: r(+)"9 +B6Ir an) bnolzl Ql$ol+. r{Ell
s. l tlb" - l)e +B11 ae e Bol=Eil, +B6l+ EHI #+ E(+)"
 8.3 4E rJtr"J!+ HIE EJtrg . 491

,+ ,ll+ ulfafzl qi$olE+. olfl a+ql= +g+ Ag SCB$

^|8
B + fltrI.

+El HIE trJ¤H Eo,4 Xa,g 6}0l "J+oJ ?foll, ++.J .J+

여
tol
coll qlall ffiol ^dg6JElr 6IxI.
0 +t HI.rr1. SCH timit comparison test

an

'lg b,:" . 9¤ E4l 42e+4sqB+= c: oi] c: oo

f-Blql F ++E s.+ +B6Irl+ E-+ tset+. e a+¤ 4E4.

EE rn4 M+ oJ+E, mlc< M& "J+^lAqr ol^1. a,fb^9 n9 3

<t.il rll6il cfl zlTlla s, 4%}t} 4f lr"l n > lrolH +g
ol dB{}+. =4611^J

an
*.;. * E= mbn I an I Mbn

Da,ol +B6IE \au*u +H6Ir., Elf, ECH (a)oll trIq xo,*

+H"J+. Xa,ol g&6tE \mb^E E.{}6}r., ul;z SdB (b)ql q
4 Xo,e g{}t+. tr

EUE +B q+E
=* Er=E $E6tzt.
EItl +¤q Aol +r +{} Eln SCB9 ^l-+6tzl..
11 un-
""-7-r' r
r www. stewartcalculus. com
oltrti +¤¤ E=tr}. Additional Example BE tr+
limS: r,r,
r/(2"-r): lim .,'n :lim--l
;-; b" ;;; Llz" ;:;2" - 7 ;-; I - tlz"
-:1)o
ol +'*e +46Ir x(+)"9 +B6I= FHI B+olIrE, ++ BIE +4
Hql E6ll +qA #+: +H{}tr}. r

4E ETEgE v
v:
=B f(x)
4+ +4Hq +Eg +l{} zle4e gtle #+ E tl"|"2* lrl ,/-" 4l
4+ + rB 1!+ 2ql^-l oltrl 9oI*4. "JH}4U ++ x",ql q,* rB 3
!+ 4E+g6lxt. rg B4^] ^4e+ aail 4^1489 HolE +t [t, z]9
e.¤4 ¤dql^J /el a, * f(2):azol4. r4o-e 4a+ 4^I4BEel 0 12345 nA

HolE 1+El n,lzl y: f(r) ot4el 'Jolq ulLalE, 4*"1 cBt+. --r
JEV al e
492 . xil8g a+

tr a2* ar+ -.- + o,,

= f" fG)ax
.v y: f(x)
(ol +F^lg f 7l +ft;J+=
^I¤ql *rttE+.)
u|{z}z'lE, rB 4= +g
g trq++.
an-l

E t"fOdn<ur*a,2r"'*an-r
0 t2345 nX
ral 4
(i) 1,"'lG)d,rzy +B6iE, /(r)> 0olE-e. Eql q6ll trI¤¤ E=tr|.

fr,,,= t" rala,

. t, fd)dr
:lelo_e. *+ Mql 4oll 4¤.ol tB.J+.
*
sn:at*fi=rrr=or* f IG)d'x: M
,

EE nql 46ll sn < Mols.tr., +g {r"}* +ls eq 914. E, &n}t:

f("+ 1)> ooloE ffio1 CB*+.
snf l: SnlArr*f ) S,

I[l4^l {r"}9 fls efl ?z} f¤"lse, +a +¤ C4(e.leel m)ql el

6il +gt+. olE Eo,ol +Bilg *tE+.

(ii) t*4I6tE, fG)>0olEs n-oooJ q

I,*f(")dr7| I*fG)a*
---+ ooolr|. f-fl{ @q Eq 4*"1 CBt+.

큠
f" rulo. =Eai: En-!

"lql
q?+ s,-r + o"oJ{. EI{^J sn-+oooll !o,9 g&iJtrI. tr

8.3 elEl Erll

α
E+¤¤ sq+: fBg rq+. 3. Xr,4 Xb,g slg "J+olr, Xa,g +B*+
-L 6}zl.
"D#'f ,*40'
n= 2 TL (a) gE
"qll 4dl
an) bn"lE, Io,9 fH {P
ol #+oll ql4 qts aEg qlB + ?lEzlt :? olf+?
(b) E= n"ll 4dl a,, ( b,,olE, Eo,9 +g q+
2. B+ f y r > lql^l ¤+olr "Jfol{ eAiilr.
a,: f(n)ole| alz|. fBg rq^l E+3 4 Ag ol+E?
=?
4e A+q ilqlE +g6te}.
f656
4. E",rI lb,g o,lg "J+ola, Xa,g ts41o'Jtr+

lfb)ar, i=IEo,, i=2

v 1 Eo, -L 6IzI.
 8.3 4E EEg!+ ula EJtrH r 493

(a) -sE n.ll

=?
4dl an)
ol+=?
bnolB, !a,q +H q+ 27 $ z+ (- r)"
rlt

n:l n\/n
28 i
n:0
1* sinn
10"
n*5
(u.r e.5
E?
".ll 4dl
olf-e-?
an--bnolE, ,o"E +e q+ 2s. X "i "(*)
n:1
30
n=
I |
: 3l
t/n'*n'
a

V +g ++7| +B6l+ pE <lg *oI4

31-32.
5. i,r+ n=li r"g +Eoilot ++. arq +
+ ;'+ n=l
f9 0l¤-3? E4l=? arfl ++: bE q¤ aql ..il
sl. i--l-
n:zn\l1n)'
s2. i+
n=l Tl'

bq qB <tql qEi + 적판
El +H6l=71? Eq *+= g3.
H6kz}? !o^g 4+ SAHqI e.16il +H6l-=. as-e SA
¤ ;-+ola, /(r)= r t{"ll ^I+E *+4r 6|
V
6-8. 4E +AHg ol+6il^.1, trI¤- B+e] +B q+E zI. ol ++el *ol s.J q, nzfl a; +i9 4'lzlE
SC6rE+. qg4 a+.
.E# g,2,# I t;n 4, : s - sr, : on+l * dn+z* an+l* .-.
lqoe. n"g zig nzll t3'e1 t s,3 d4l B s9
V ulr saB¤ ol*all^-i,
e-10. ++
=-+E
+B q+ =)tAto-e ^l^+g
49 s-i101r1.
(a) F rB s 4 4e| Ag rBql,{ (z > nB 419)
sc6l-4.

'"En-
= HolE ullull,r.l trl-gg trq+.
* fr,* r@
J,*rl''6)ax < R- < rn'
[- fG).,
t1-30. trlg ++q +B q+E SC6I"+. (b) (a)e+Et trl-g¤ +E6l+.

,,.,!_,#
D
,, ,.e(*.# "^* I:_rf(r)ax
{ s ( ,^+ f* fb)ar

D13 1+ ** #* #*1-.,-1-
#*
.....-
34. (a) ++ ,7:r\lnoel ++ B ",og *"t4. 9ll
1+ 1 1
+.'
14.
zO' ItE ' 4\E '
5 \/5 E4l 33(a)E ol+El^J, s1s9 0l Bql
11 qt qel eil¤ "+q
olB6lal.
1s 1r- -I
** ** _-L ...
7'9 -I
(b) n:10oJ q elfl^l-&g
=.}taqe +41 33(b)E "l+El^l t}ql
O
'u +
***+.+*#* 4 zlzl* **rfg A.I+.
* p,# (c) s,ol Boe+El 0'00001e| H9lq ilzl 9lt n

⑥
t. Drn"-"
,r i-ah
E Ag 4.|4.

9 20 i*=
n:IJTL t L
35. (a) 4g roz|l 6,Jg u-r+ qfl E:4l 33(a)E ol+dl
4 *+ xr: Jln'4 {}g qB6}+. ol +rt
21 i++ * fr,+ <t9 B"Iul CgtzlZ
n:ln-1-L

u p,# 24 i+
(u) n: looJ q qfl E4l
+t r*<tg *.1e+.
Ba(b)= 0l+6l^l q A
":r \/n"*l
* p,++# i#
g
(c) s,ol *o e+El 0.001e-l Helq ?lzl 9l{! n9
,6
ag +oI+.

* 청경
m∞
거의 모든원소가 이를 만족매
오
br
e 밤 wansr = > bn 3 an nbu :
conxerges
 . * 쳐용 =
이

며
카 *
494 r rllsAf A+

36. ++ Ef=,rln'4 Eig C4l zl4zlal Cq H*g +8614.

al4l *"I4.
^+ ¤+= olgall,rJ trI¤- ++zI fBt}g e
(u) (a)9
q4.
37. (a) s:Llx9
9 "41 Y
.z4gB ol-*4^1, s"ol 4o|
E qlolE 49ol cB*g e{4.
frf ,,,,!,# ,i# (ti)

s, ( 1*lnn
(b) 4+ ++= gt!6}zl"J, trl|+ ee]4 g&6J+.
43. (a) 8",4 Ea,,g slol oJ+oJ ;:+olr Ea,ol
(a)g d4¤ 0l+6ll^l il¤-100$ zll rlel gol "J4IsJ+a 6IzI. lI* tr : olq!, I o, soo

15-E_E| ztl 8¤. rog zll rJ9 tlol 22Hq q ts,t}rlg +86[4.
+g Hq+. (u) (a)g a4= ol+6ll^] Ef8-;!+7I ts{}ilg trq?+.

38. tl=fi- t ootE 6Jql qq ezlzl c+ oI¤-41 zI (t) i# ii)

lnz
(
i
rt-l L

?-lql^J sEtr| +g +-g-elH, 10113012l] ol

+g trJ6il"F =t<t¤
tlg Bq{. 44. 63"0l + ;.+ Io,,4 XA,q tI 6ql^l
^JE "J+"J
39. +ql A+ $t\ o.drd2ds ... 9 *g
Ell6J E|^e-!+ Aq.
Iim,-* (o,,1b,,): goltr I[,,g Stlalxl"J Ia,
ol +B6l-= ql.= Eol?+. t9e Exll 42e+ Hlrbl-e|l
d, d" d, d^
o.d1d2d'd4...:
d * -++#+ * + -..
45. an > 0ol.l. Er,ol +gdlfl, E"?,Y +Etlg
(q7l^l d,Etz} 0, L, 2, ..., e +E 6}+olr+.) +EalE.
"l ++7I t^ll+ +Btlg ts-q+.
46. B+ x;=,r,'""o1 +B6h= bE it¤ s+ *olel.
4O. an 0olr Xo,ol +BstE, ! t"(t +a,)ol f
>
H+g Eq+. 47. an > 0olr lim,- *T.an + OolE, Xo,ol BtI
!*9 uq4.
41. Io,,g 6}0l "J+olr +B6tE, !sin(a,)s. f
HatEz}?
48. trl¤. a+71 +H6I= c 9 ilg s+ *"I4.
V
42. (a) xo,4 xb,,g 6}0l "J+oJ *+olr xa,"l

+B++a "t4 jl]* q:oolH, I anE i

i (; - "+')
rL. I

E q= +aJ 'JaE
zl=Eztlzl g"tE +B +cHg 6}0l "J+ql ++ql"J 4+¤+. "lH eql
.r..1| olol HIE^I *fzi oiH ;-+E ++= %IEg .Jott4.
~

EEll E+
tr.Ell ++ alternating
~ series
g+ qgg r + 7ll
EEil ++ scH EEll E+= "J+e+ 6.10l Haol +E++ts E+oltrI.
alternating series test 9 {lol4.
 8.4 trl= +eJ Etrg r 495

'- rL.+-+.+-+* = ir- ,,-'+' 수 …

-;-T-Z-!--4-5-6
-1- 4-r b - 6-,-...
: Xt- D-/;
@

ol qlE+El r'q ++E "4 6J3 EI+4 ge g"Jg "J + 9l+.

dn- → o
an: (- L)"-'b,, E-= an: (- L)"bn

¤zl,tJ 6,* oJfoltrl. (¤41E., bn:1""1"14.)

+¤- +aHe Eq a+e-l alEE E*<tol a^4^J oo.e iBalE :z
a+71 +BBg #il+.
aff E+ trJEg
jlql ?+ i r-1)'-lb, -br- b2+h-bo*br-bo+ ... (a,, 0)ol
n:l
+gg E}+^laqr 6lz}.
( i) EE "gl 441 bn+r ( b,ol+
(ii) jll* bn:o
rElEl +"14! +++ +H6J+.

+Eq S^l :aB 1¤. +e6I^1. ol r?e +BE 7l4Z ol+= gtlg
trq+El. Bz] s,:br9 +zlCql 44421. sz3 *zl +16ll brE 4lE, ',
ts sr9 g+ql +lilt}+. ol8l ss9 *zl 9loll 6r$ cla|{, sr* sz9 9E
+ql flilfl+. fflql bslbrolgs, s3$ s,e-l E+ql +lilt!+. olfl %l
Hse 4l+618, ?E IlEol $+ls 4lE6Jg "J + 9l+. bn-}olo-tr,
4"lzlE rl?-1= q+q 5].ot{4. 4+r{l +E E} sz, sa, E6, ...9 +7iil}
n, g+4 ++ tI sr, s3, s5, ...E zJat4. l4'e. + +gg s+ q
ts f s, g. "l ++q .Jql +Bg Ass _H_?Itr|. trl+^l oi4 +Eql^its
a}+rlle+ g+r{l ++ t}g Etre ^J4+trt.

bl

0 J2 s.s6s 55 53 51

=H1
:
496 . rll8g a+
juE}| A+ EtrEel 6E Bxl ali4l +E *g ^J46Izl.
b, < broloE sz: br- bz 2 0ol+.
bu < btoloE s4 : s2 + (b, - bn)= r,ol4.
oJEJzle.E, bzn 3 bz,-rolo? s2n: szn-r*(brn-r-br^)2 szn-zol4.
r4oE 4*"1 CB+E+.
0<sz'rn'so( "'(s2r,(
:aflEll 4¤-r+ zJ"l ¤ +E ?ItrI.
sz,,: b, - (b, - br) - (bn - bo) (brn-r- br,- r)- br^

++ tlel f¤ {sr,,}3 ¤.2t6}r. +ls rJq il4. olgl u}4 Ba +g 4?-l

q el6il +H'Jtr+. "l ++g s, E trl+4 zJ4l alzl.
:
Jll*",, '
olxll 9fe1l +E tlel +6Jg +g!+ eol C6IxI.

lim sr,,* r : lim (s2 n * brn * r)

: + limb2'+
Jll*"" I

o tad (ii)oll e-l6lll

rfB 2= %L o, : (- f)"'-r/24 Y E : r.
g+"ll ? E qlol s-e_ +B6IsE, lim,-osn: sol4. (s.1eE
My

*.s,9 r4s# Eq6oE,il -Er a++4le+

71 19 ql^li'J4. oJ
",9 615o1 0.7 qe E4l b2E -H-4.) tr|+^i ++b +B++.
N

tr
s -Bol= +tlg 'J+s= 4Cg
,

+oJ6tz}. d4-e. ol *+E CqdJ

Bol ln2 = 0.6e399 +Bg + iltrI. GFI| q8r| eP EEll EE+ E+E ,8rj6l^1.

,-+*+- +*. :p,I-f-

ol= 4¤¤ "J+^lrJtr+.
( i) ,+1l1 4 -:-olsg' b'+r < b,oltrl.
( ii) .lll*b,, : ji* I : o
lu^I

0 ll

r4oE ol +t= E4 -"f +cBq E4 +B6J+. tr

-tzl ,
Jo4
V
traa,i,E#i1le Eq a+ot^t"J, trt'Eot ¤BEttrt'.
 8.4 tf= +eJ EItrH t 497

Jgir,: jg #:Jl:;+: i +__ lban = o sany .

남
lqo-=_ aa (ii)¤-uJ$,r.lzlxl *+4. qdql, +¤-4 zJol Bf9 ,,rll 6J
Sau = a- dzftuntlaudan
E +Elg +A6Lzt.
= a - laz - az ) + " t +m -
anKa ,
Jl**:11*#
ol ++ol ¤xll6l^l glo trE, ts4} sc$"il el6l ol +tE g&++.I
V r)"*';{;el q+E
=+ i
CUE r- +aJ trJ66}a}.

EU +qa +++ rql a+oloe, 14 ts+ *cBe] aa (i)4 (ii)E EJ

+^l7l:zl +oJ6Iz]..
-H-71 lE ^}+4 ge.l, b, : n'/(n' + t) e celg +gel
o zJ^ {Pz}
z|$alzl p*E|. +dE Bf /(r) : r'/(r' + r)q EE+= trl^s-r+ aE+.
,(z- *')
lf,(*\-
\e/
mll G' + t)'
"J+tl r"Jg ^J461ts 5.lsE, 2- 13 < 0, +i * > W "J 4l ,f'(r) < O .-a4 Ei SCB9 aa (i)g EEI
"Jg g + gltrl. l4oe. f + +?J (iE, *)"il^l a46JEL ol: +E *oi^l Eldlzl grn., 8.1¤el
n> 2"J 4l /(n+1) < f(n), E b,+r ( b""Jg*+E|. (-ffi4 bz1b, zl 12q^l ol*QI zlB¤ ol-*6]l^J
-H_

e 4d Etg f ilzl"J, Tlcss 6g.sJ ¤e +g {a"}ol ++4-9..e b,+r ( lr"g zld E+g + 9l+.
z;aaJ4b
az (ii)Y^ldol+.)
trl+4 zJol dz.ll Elqd+.
1

Jl*a": JI* #: Jr*;jr:

,-v o

-1el=E. EEll ++ SCBq e.l4 +qd ++: +BelE+. I

+E6I= ++el +E tt ",* doll B "oll 4tt **(lee rF*tr f il tot
4. z4+ =*rfq 4qE= q"Jg + fl+H, z4l +s ?lzl 9*9 4"1 .aq ++ qg Czl
tr|. *^t s = s,4 +Bg gitts +"lzl Rn: s -snol4. qg A4E, I alternating series estimation theorem

q ++ +t4Bel aaE¤ "J+^l7l= #+ql 4o1l ol sitE zzlzl b,*, .:14 tf "lB c4z} +"J ol+E
trE+ zt+r +tlsJ+. {zlrl b^+r.g iig-e-E w}Ealb t}9 ¤*<}"14. (4e5+ql 9l=) :aH 1¤. +e4^]
7l6f
cl4-oe q"J¤+ 9l+. s-so (br,
EEl| A+ olal gq r : E(- 1)"- 1b,,¤ 4¤¤ "J+^171ts Eql #+ l"-rrl<b6ol-tr "le+ ,&l 4l+¤g
ol Elol=+ 6}zl. +oJ6IzI. rL, szf "JEg oJdt +
+¤ i+ ^Iol"il 9l+g q"J6IzL
499 r r.il8er
=+

(i) o !bn+r ( bn, (ii) limb,:6

.fqE lE"l : l" - r,l < b,*,o14
6E ++ SAHE +E"tl^l "J f 9lFol, sE gfl$ .Jd.J + +E
rlEll
B ",4 sn+r lololl +q ?14. ol.ll r|4 48ol CBTJE+.
lr-r,l< 1",+l-s,l:b,+r E

rgmt**,eqf E a+ #!trtt
^tatzt^t
Bqil aE aopt. (BEol
016[ 0!:10lcl.)
ffi Hzl +94 ?ol n4 -"f scHql EEI ol ++7I +Btlg q"J6IzI.
:
(i)b,+r-I- 1 on
1

G+ t)I: ;(r+ t) ' n!:

(ii) n--- oo oJ trll 0 < *. +----+ QolE ?, b^: * --- 0014.

=*a cq B 4E 6Jg ,rl-sdlo} 6l+zlE oJotjd-7| gloll, ol ++g

i]+ P Zlel 6Jg trl-34 aol ,qE^I.
11111111-r * -r "'
': o! - 1! zr- Jr'I- 4r- 5! 6! - Tt
:r-'-U1 1 - I 1 1
_r 1 1

6T u- :-jzo- T2o - so4o -"'

E++¤ +"J6Izt.
_: 1 1 : o.ooo2,
--
b,
ffi. sooo

so : - t* +- ** +- #* *=
1 o 368ob6

.8.2¤91^J E= rql 4oll e' : nEll ++ qB 4qq el6il ffiol cBBg "Jr ?l+.
Xf:, :r"f ntoA& +¤E 1o14. l"-rol<br<o.ooo2
:fBlotr, 4ql^l Eg ag d4l 0.0002-B+ 49 ol sil} c4l zlelql g6}9 +zl ?*=+. :el
-H-71
E i e-'ql 4{} ^+ C+6}4.
sE r}gg A+ ,!r{l zlflttlzl
=}t7}oltr}.
s = 0.368 I

dL (se-l ,,9 ^I8E trllE) eztTl i]8-e.-tr. m]qq= 6]trtrt

=rtlleB
++= B4e, "JHlzJeE ilql ++ qB 4?-lE saEg EI+^l7l
nql ++q q4^l"J +86}tr+. ol H4g trIE B4el ++ql Eil
=
6ll^Jb 4+qzl ?*Eut.
 8.4 El= +E EJtrg r 499

EEII +E
.JglE +g Eo,ql 4+4E +94 Ae B+E
^J4g + 91trI.

i lr,l : lo, I + lorl + larl+

n= 1

ol ++el 6.J¤. g4 ++el aJ9 dflalol4.

eq +H absolute convergence
3'd +B
gel Ef E",.ll 4El ¤Ertel ++ tlr,lol +H* 41, !,,,3 conditional convergence

trEfl +Ht+r. tl+.

+f x",el 6}ol "JfolE, lo,1:4,ols.e. e4 +Hg +Br+ A¤¤
q"J6IaI.

GEE trlE E+= trql +aJ:dtrt. 16}0l o}+ql ++e+ f,q ++q ql
--,r(-1)"-':1_ I , I _ 1*... t +B *cBg ga ?l+. :244
) a}g +3.2I B#a4es HIflE q
Evl? E_71 7ql^l solEd,zl"J, d
;;.,X ,l':r, q +eel zilHg "]il 4*.ll t+'
eI+6IE +se i*"r*'r*ropl ESol gtrl.
$l(-t)"-'l:S 1-. 1 1
-"' l: krt:'*7* 1
tr
t,l
n=rr J'*7-
되
V
EUEI trlg rttl 5+ E+71 +aJet$ gr. ?|tr[. (H7l lE Hel.)

경황*
느힐
i
(-t)"-r :r-r-T-TT"-
l:1
1 1 I
"
rflEll olae ¤'I +B,alzl ?J:=+. e.ll+slE olql q¤.5I.: trlg4 ae
¤*ZtE ++= as} tf(p: l oJ p*f)g, gt6}7l oll*o14.

Ele+rl:"4
L:r*****i* r

*
1 도 an 수
$el ++ to,ol fflolzl"J ¤4 +H6Ixl $g trL I",3 aZ 어
gogrf_2. t4. 그회에 발

ezl 63 iilq 4d +Be+g Eq=q. :lelo-E +++ +H

4s+ ++71 . d4 ffiatts ++E o}i$ +^lE
¤q +B6tzl ?*g + 914. r+xlR} ++ celb eEI +B6IH +
6lxl"J tsI+q 4ltsllgalcJzlE tlol Hl-Tlzl
Hqlq= ^Idg Bq++. ?*=4= ^|dg +Bg + 9l+. r-
q+ 4a +e6lE ++E 4uil¤a}
E, i+"1 EtE + ?l+.
tr ¤al *+ ta,ol ¤4 +BslE, Io,9 +BqL+
너
500 . 48et E+
V
la,l+ a^olaLl -o,ol.E-E, r+g +F^lol +"Jg +.J6IZI.
=E
o( r,,+ l",l.2lo^l
Io,ol ¤ql +H6lE, Xlo,lol +H6.I:r olq q4 Ezl"^ls +g
,{!E}. relsE Bln tCEq qq ,(",+1",|)e +B++. trlq^l
trt+4 a"l to,9 fBsI= + *+9 ilolss, +Httri.
Xr,:I(",+lo,l)-El",l n
VtrtB E+E +E q+E rJ86t'at.
EW
S cosn cosl cos2 cos3
z-l-:-- D ------;---

Eo or ++qr=l;o'**;" ** oo* +*+,rE el=+.

(44 6Je "J+, El^g 6Je g+, 4¤- 6Je "Jfol+. +Ets Ejfr
r.r,B a¤- -H-zl 7ql flY *f9 6J q, ^.ll ^ll
44 o e HHIE+.) Hli SABS E+g ¤E<lq ;+ql 4+B + ilr+.
4 ++ B r,,9 :r4s59 -H-q=+. "*=
nrjl +++ "lqzlE}. ¤+e+ "J+ $
l: S lcosn
lcosn I

r}"l 114. ,,?rl n' | 3, n2

sE noll q4 lcosnl < 1oleE, ffiol CB+trL
0.5 lcosnl - 1

{r;} ='*
"'
of ul oJr gl=ol,
lt/nz=^ (p:2.J p;-fe) +H6IEE, HII. sc
1o,l Hql E6ll Xl"o" nllnz? +B¤ItrI. :a4oe. +qA B+ , kosn)lnz
0 n e ¤q +B6Ir, ol.ll trl+ C?-l tl].il EEI +H6J+. r

V
--, el a
169

HIE trJEg
qg SAB$ +q{ ++z[ eq +B6l+rl= S46]= Ell E||+ f+6]+
HIE TJEE
oantt

i,"e
=
ql, ++
aot
Elg SdE, UISCB ratio test
(i ) lim
l+l: ".1oJ
¤qt +Bt+.
wm

(olql tr+4 +Bt+.)

an
에

(ii)
lI*l+l:r,1 E+
1111l?l:-n q, ++ 8,.
e g4lttrt.
(iii) fiml #l: r", oll, ul& saBsg acts + fl+. E, Io,
el +H4 g4!ql q4 qqEI aEE Lilg + s+
 8.4 trt= +aJ EtrU . 501

(i ) g,te +qd ++= +H6l= FHI ++el Blr.6I= dol4. L < L

=E ol=s. 4E-{} f rol Llr < 1ol cBtJtri.

=4611^J
la-*1
l: zolr
I

z < rolEE'
ll* l?
ul la, *r/onlg a+ rB4 zl"Itl4. g, 4"J6J C+ ffol +416ll^l

n > r1/ol-
l+1. "", CB'J+.
-r.
E

A n> NolE lr,*,1< lo,lrol Cfl{}trt.

troll^l ?lql EqzI N, N+ 1, i/+2, ...2 q"J6'lE, 4+g EEq.
lrr*,1 < l,r l',
lo**rl < lrr*, l, < I o*lr',
lo** rl < | or* ,1, < lo*lr' ,

gu3{ee 4+g E=+.

B lor*ol <lo*lru (k > 1)

rdq +¤- ++= +El7l 0 ( r < 1?l Ftsl -"folss +Et+.

@

D lrr lro = | aplr *lo*lr'* lo, l"' + "'

+B^1 i;^ HIE saBe +s B+E +HBs EIE+E+.

@@

E lo,,l: X lrr*ol: lrr*rl* lor*rl* lrr*rl+ "'

tlg +H q+q g
".l* *OB+ tf=,lr,13 +B+tr}. (,?tzll9
aJ¤-zlilzl *fl.g tlTlsl^I.) trl+^] xo,g ¤Eil +Bt+.
(ii) lan*1f anl- L> t E= I ao,,1/anl--+ oo ol{, Hl la,*1f a,l*
:=4-e.e 1Bq 4d4. t, 4%+t Cf ff"I ¤4611^i
r.r cBt+.
n > rl/otE
lTl,
olE z> IrolE lo,*rl> lr,l"l CB¤:S F6t.oe, 4+-g gE4.

,4"" * o
trl+^l g{} SCHqI E6ll Eo,"g gtttrt. D
 502 . Ill8lt E+

Etr Hlg +CHE (iii)g lim,** lan*1lanl: 1"lE ol SCH"I 9u-l;J

CHE +zl EoJ{= ^I¤g "J6Ir 9l+. qE EE, +Hslb ++
Etl"'{ 4,atl n'--+ (b"J 'I 4g.g g=+.
1
,n*, I: 6+ t),
| n2 1

I an | 1 (n+t)2 r . \z - -
L_rl
n2 \'- ;/
리스니아에
n 1 o이=
Lla . .
li 공 .a
L1 ao이
HJEql, g&6tb -:*+ ---
Et/n9il 4oll ""-*cooJ
q +# e=+.
I
LKI 수 lo,*,1 "+1 n 1
ㅔ -
발 I an I I n*t 1+!
L기 nn
EI4^J lim,-* lon*r/o,nl:1oJE ++ to,g +Bg +E gla
"J&B +E ?l+. old A+ql Hlg +CBg zl+E f S,r, +E *
cBg ol$flo| {}r}.

V
cm 1)"4E trEr +aJ q+E Er¤6rat.
=* ,p,(-
~
EO ,, : (-r)nr13" oE +r +gr+ Aol tslg *CBg olgalz|
(- t)"* t(n + t)3

li:l:
qil-f I
.41+ E= (tr-+E n4l+g c.EL6I^l) r) (n + 1)3 3"
trIE Bol +¤B ++E g6l Hl¤ (- 1)'?f .;n*l
d TL
3

SCBss EE6lrll tdg + ?l+. 3"

: +(+)': +('*;)'-
|- r
:14oe. Hlg SCHq Ed +qd B+= ¤q +e6}r, olql E|4 +
H6J4. 모 I
?
V
EUtr E+ p,#s +aJ q+E Ed6het.

an:nnf ntg "J+olsE, eq<t zlsE

^F&6Izl ?*l
EO aJ n--- "og Eil

trIgg eg + il+.
'ets 494 ?"1 C9fl4. an+r (n*1)"*r nt (n+1)(n+1)" nl
Iim(r +r;r/' :,

싱
(n* l)nr. rL
n
r-.0
n:1/xa *gE" "-0*9 Efl ,,*-
olI=B 4gol dBiJr:+. :(+)":(,*!)"*"
lim(t+tfn)":s )
4+@ e 1olEE, Hlg SdBql Eq +++ BtIqlE+.
ㅇ +qt
~

<f) nnni e로수

 l

8.4 trl= +aJ EJtrH . 503

+g *eBg n4l zlE4l+ol +49 ql U?-l6lrll 4+E + ?14. 'lel

eBe Hl¤ s4Bq ¤:84 ulitull, elfl E4l 47s H'44. Eol
4E4l# tdts, +SCB
-rJ=T.ll:Ia-f. Illx{ ttl
/tEJ'\lluL root test
~ uoti
@

( i) lim \/W- L< 1"J ++ n=lI,"¤ ¤4 +Bttrt

기

trI,
7l.+@

("lql 4+ +B.J+.)

\/W - f,) 1 E= l* i+e *

ol trL ++
(ii)
*lirn /i;f - oo

4!++.
(iii) lim '{il:1oJ trL rl$4l$* SCH9E ACE + flr+

lim,-- '{;J:1oJ *atsq (iii)g ol saBol "lal

ril, aE4g=
Ql C3rE +xl *+trI= ^Idg'J{.I 914. Xr,$ fHB +E ilr ts
tg +E ?l+. (Hlg saHs-e L:t9 EsE, zlErll#+ *cHg ^l
RT
E6Izl g.zL ol A+qE 1ol 9zl ull+ol4.)
'g
V 없 lan야 L 시

=" p,(##)"e +e q+E

.

r-Drn st66tat ⇒도 an 수
L
lan야 Ln > Ln ( Hl + " +4 " )
FEtl a. : (#)".,U +sE, rL----> @.J Ell +¤¤ E=E+
) www. stewartcal cul us. com
PF ,

Boottest ++E +E SCHS * zlzl .Jp|*+.

z*Ln +qd B+ql qlEtl ^l-&g +
:- 3n* :
'\/w 2n'13 =++HqB4
,*+ ?-, "J + 'A&nl? olq 4+
---),
2 XEe
C-H-= Additional Topicsoll,rl Strategy
- for Testing SeriesE ¤"leE.
r4 =e. 4E4l*= SAB4 E4 +qd B++ +e6Jq .

G e.!tr E4l

1. (a) E-EI +++ *fi.elzi?

(b) EEll
(c) ffl
++= qE aAq,tl fflrliz|f
4aol "J+qH, n6J Flg +qzlql qql
(")
Jsli:l:'
q B4 "Jg + ilEz}? 3-8. trt+ ++E +B q+= tC6l+.
44444
3.7-8+9-10+ll-"'
2. 4++ Ae A+q *+ Xa,ql 46ll qB4 "Jg
r2345
4.-T+4-5-6-7+"'
f ?lEz[?
(") j1il+:l:' (b) riml+l:o' α =
@
\a\-rl
"' 3, 2n*L
/ ,\a-l @
J;
6. E(_f)" t+2{;
n:r
 504 . rjl88 A+

& Pi i +r+
cos(ntr /3)
I , (- 1)" - rcos
(;) 29. 30
',E,t-1..X# n: I n=1 nl n:2 \LnTl,)

s-12. trtg ++71 +B¤.g ts.q?+. etlzl +q4l H+l 31. t

n:1
(- 1)"arctann
n2
,r L,+#
ql flE il¤ *zl 9l"lldE ++q^l H zll9 6Jg triUll
o| aliz|f .. p,(#+)"
9 .'p,(#)"
오
8#
, p,1.#
,0.
E,
(lezll<
(ls-:11<ooooos)

o.oool)
-
…
~

. 0. .. "
"

. .. . s7.
@ /
tu *r-, ('. *)
t-:+*1-$-l-
. trz
.u r#
6

1'3j-5'7*
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1 an 11 lanalxl Eol
tr L".r': co * crt * c2x2 + crcs + "' 족
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ry-qa rE 0IEEJ
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asl ++ I 1/n& ¤brll, olE ㅇ
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ulld *+ Bessel function
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ol t4l+ +7JsE Elee+. tEHl ++eI ts7l 24::arr++- +6J ++olr., y:,Io(.r)
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# q g,,Jzi"J E+¤-+ ae a+g ^J46Izl-. sqB tqlql,r-l t}f= :4
qge t4l *qlz}? )
el qlgel ++e+ zJZzl? HI+l "J6l-H, /E EE alE EB+zI +4618,
…

f(r):449(r-a)'
+B6l-= EE ++e+ olafzlxl-E, ol= /(u)zi Y E tlel +gq +t.Jg
F{}tr}. Eilgel B+el a+q ++ Be q+!+ a+.
,,
T^(r) : Elj- (u) /(x - a)"\i
nti)

:; *+(.-,)+ ffa-d,+. * r''#) (r-a),

nt,

T,2 nr* 46J *+"JEll, olE o0l^j f I n.*l 4ga1 +-d B++r {iq.
,y

v
ql
-c,

v: T:(x) E Eq zl+ !++ lG): r'9 4*"ll ts_71 lel a+ql gdl ":1, 2, 3g
q oql^l Ell.Jel 46J'*^(EE Ell=eil +6J El+)= zlqlE +94 a+.
y:Tz$)
(0, l)
y: rr(x) TJt): 7* :r,, T2Q): l+t+ *, Ts(x):1*r* *- *
0 .r
zl+ i++e+ ol qlgel +6J *+9 rells=:.8 r.tl +4Htr1-.
^ll
'v:7'(;r)
gu3{e-8, /(r)t. 4¤-ol tBB q rAe-l ql"Jel ++e1 {}"14.
-e,l
JE
II
f ("): ]im 4,(r)
.nol zl{q 44:? r"ll,tl 4,(r) R,(r): f(r)- T*(r)t +9H fG): T,(x)+ R^(r)ol=9, E,(r)E rll
E e,oll Tlvl+)^ly {ea u.oJ4. gel ++E Llqrl 8ol4
oli e'ol I ql"Jq ++9 *4 A 'J4. lim, ,_ R.(r):0"J¤ "tBZl 6ll^lEzl
gg "J^lt+. Ele + ilqE, 4*ol CB'JEI.
,;r,l:
j4 {r(") - &,G)}: 7G) - JI*r"r") : /(,)
Eol Jh
4"1 zl tJ remainder (term) 4*"1 +B¤tr}.
"|4,t1
tr 8A fG):7,,(r)+ R,(r)+ 6lz}. ¤zlrl r"¤ a"fl,<1 /9 nii rll
"Jel +%L Bfoll, lr- al < Aq1,r1 lim,,__ &(r):0ol CB'J+r
6}zl. relH / +rJ lr - al < Eql^] raE Ellgel a+9 d.r+ aq
=
 8.7 4gal a+e+ otl=Eal a+ t 521

FScaJ El+
/ql q4 lim,__ R_G):099
ts"J q= El-g c"-l 5t
ql *b 49 ol+t}4. ~
V
E 4galel E^l /9 ("+ 1)41 sB#zI f aE E+I6F= +7J /ql^i
+4lB q1, r.ll 4{}rq q4 ,4 a ^Iolq zir*t} i zzl +414^J Ell
~ ~ ㅡ aol
gq t+"il^l Lltrlzl 6Jg Et*+ gol s,BE + il4. ql.Jelg-l *41 Taylor's formula
eir*+fl *"lzl Bl l,agrange's form

]
of the remainder term
4;G): +;P(,-o)n*'

dz t. n : 0 oJ +Bfl A+ql, ql.JqE *{q r : bel z: cA TIE6IE

f (b):f(a)+f'(")(o-a)E
C"-l
¤*
gts
olH
¤Erll, olE s+<l c4ol4. d4lE,
StA AEel +84 Hl+tL BIHeE +Eg + ?l+. +
eel eql fl+.
기술적으로만만
da 2- ffi ululzl slg Ell"JEl ++E 6JEr+ ,]l+ Hli6IE+.
@ R-G):
'" 4l:'l(i)
t?z + I/!
(* - o)n*'
+l]J, "f("*,)el <Ig az| o1q4 zoll,rl *¤ Sol4. # zq +t C
-EL+ olaol o ,rlol4l 9l+= ,<IdS"l4. mql^l &(r)41 4
"el ^.1
tt sBg atrg+E Lttrl^l Bol+ t4.
…

arz s. 8.8eq^l B+ql q qlgelel *^]el +Eql q6il a^It

rt. r'fl41 olE 8q=^|^la
tr49 s4lq^l +44ss ol+g + 9lEl.
+ a?l tr!} EE zl+B 4, +¤. ^l-gg "l+61-E aol ++ E¤-ol
gE]-.

tr tim4:o (8, rE "J99 df)

t-q Tll

ola-9 *"Jrll, -E-71 1ql^l EIfl 4e 3+ ,x"f ntol EE roll 46ll

+e6ls"-e. n 4l EJ¤ 0 o.=. +H6I7l ql+ol4.

fd :
ex
GF]I e'ol olzlel qgal A+E Et4 eBE

xnMe
ㅡ
=g6lat.
/(r): e'ol4 slB .f("*')(r)- e"olos qlg4E *^lql^l +"lzl
Ra 웨.11! e<
6.J
EO
e Elg+ Aq. ":
e 음
R^(r):
ffir"*,
강
(:flcll zzl
zE 04 z alol"ll 114. u}4 ac$"ll +E-6}
나
$zl.r.J~ "o{
trl+^l Enql gEl trt
^l) r >Ool{, O< z<-nolgl e'<e'olEl. ^l
9ol CB.Jtr+.
 522 . rll88 A+

< a-(*): dr\-,n*t

o --- o <",ffi
lelo.E- 49 A?-lql 9dl oJ
"- oo 4l E"(r) -- 0014. r < ool{,
r 1 z < 0olE-E e, < eo: 1oJ-tr ffiol CBt+.

ln-(*)l .ffi -'o

용
EtrI^l R^(r) --0014. l4oe C?.1 tr.il grll e"3 fAE Eil"Jel *
+el d-n+ aq. e, ffio'l cB+E+.

V
@ u:2,# (t, r= gEE ¤+)
tr

^l
=61,.lg
M"ll
":19
q"J6IH +gr+ zJol f eE +EJ E+q '*se
sBtI E=trI.

r 17a8Eoll 9oJ4(Leonhard Euler)t

V ,: E#: r* +* +*
Eg ^l-*6ll^l L+ 224 7l4rl
[xr]
+*
^l
4 4qt e9 atg *91+. zoloLJ
"ll Eg(Stigeru Kondo)E
[39
zizl ^l-S6t]4
q^l 4l
i+ l-a ol^]E zl-4 V
CSt e9 il8 dfl+! EO /(^)(z): olo-tr, Ell"JEt #+el dE trq a:28 EllE6.IE, trI+g
지f 3 K-
2 yP ebq.
x- ( "2
' .( ( CE 그

e 는 당 5 W
b-2)^:8,**-r*
8 - 지지
M
(
_E,49
1
En EtrI^l -Ezl 1+ u[]z[z]E fH *zl$ol ft: o" oJg E]g + 114. ezl

합동
2"ll^lel zJol lim,-*Rn(r):09 EfB + gloFs, trI+¤ E=+.
6 E PC (t, zE "Je-lg ¤+)
u:2,*G-2)' r
wll
q{} aExll# ++ dzll= + 7l7l Efr.Ecll, Mel Eil=efl ++
e,oll
^l
e| trel Ellgel Zizl raol+. 0 {t.ll +dol ilsH A4l
^l =%Iel "9
i
1nN
에 #izl trJ +4, rzl 2! SCol gleE Erq ++7I q ++.
="Jql
Rx =
다 H
- 매
EW sineg ofl=eal E+E *L, olAol E.E roll ct|all sinrg E'EE
g …

EO=g6la[.
u a+E +gr+ eol + gE EI$6I7}.
지이데 + 떼!
D
! 동 x

동원
사이
f(*):sinr, /(0):0, 송
f 0u
1
그
= x

f '(r) : cos r, .f
'(0) : r
,

f" (r): - sin r, ,f"(0) : 0,

4m
⑦
fo 1 : 4에
" "
sino
o
나이
=

0s
여 t =

'( 그

ti
2
=
o 4t
sino kntz
ol :
자
f ( 는
LoSO
lil
=
" ~

f
 I메
데

1
+ "

더 1
< Z - <C 1메
0
다머지랑 Ral 1
*-
=
K
<+메
( ( y I 에이머
지

f"'(r): -cosr, f"'(o): -1,

e
*(
에

<0 t pc에 -
8.7 qlgei

체가떼 -
-+el ofl=EeJ

'
E+ .
0
523

r:? 2L sinre| *41 trI+4 eg

/(')(r): sinr, ,f(o)(o): o O
raE el.Jq(E= E|I=EU 4.J
g!$a5 Hl zll4 HI+gE^l +S6Fr--tr., ullg-Eil t+E ffi$ zJol E,+el rqls= Eq=+.
T1(r): a,
¤ + iltrI. _3
f"!o) Ts(t):
/(o)++P" * *z* "r'l(o),s*"' "-;l ,

:r-!*{-{*...:
3! S! 7t
, iz_)0,1-yi
-, (2n+J'-
t)t
Tr(r):"-{*{
nol fldgl trI4 ZL(r)zI sincoll
3! 5!

a:0.J qE Q"lxl t.J mg 0l+618, trt¤¤ g=+. cJ zlzlf{$ +tttz}.

r';*):'Ei'lf,'*.' v
TL

fb):sinrola zE 04 r rlolgl ilQ. -zflrjl .f('*l)(r)E

flzl,rJ .. r,
asinz E.E tcoszol4. sE a+ql l1t"*ttlrrl = tolr=g, 4g."1 y=stnr
dgrl+. 0 x

E o<l-R,(z)r:1#lxn+tr= ffi T3

Eq 9ail ol ++4q +Hg q 0oE +Ht4. f.e]s

n---+ @ oJ
s^l ="J {"-lq 9oil 1fi"(")l--- ool4. tr|{^J n-' @ I 4l ,%(") -' o a.eJ 2
' "

"inrt.raE 4Eefl ++q *r| a+. I

oloE., a".l trq g4
tsix
x

sinc=
하
x - …

E-71 49 a+= Seeq "J*g +16fl +grl zJol

'l44z}.
D

m
.r3r5r7 +
srnu:r- 3! n - 7l+...
=

t 째!
: i t- ,rffi
.
(t, rb "JelE
,,J+)

V coszel Et|=E.e! E+= 10lal.

가처띠딱
COSx

ftr
Eill ezl ae| rJol zld4-g..e. a.8g f llzl"J, ^l mq 4l^lt} sinzoll 4 .
6 ullp-efl ++E 4*4
cosr: 4,
Sol ul$oli lol rJ d4.
\ d( ,' * rs -i*...t
dl(sinr):
*\x - 3l St
0' 'l 따 -
E

_1_ Jr'_-sta _1 *2 , ro -6!,u -...

- Tl- , "':I-Zl-r
r,tll 5lzl 2, 4, sql^l *¤ e', sino,
-r- 3! + 5l _Tru
,

4! coscel Ell=-tril
++E tr¤g 4=
ga*+. old ¤
o}Bg ol.$oll.$
sinrg ,ll=sfl A+71 E.E rq Eil4 +B6l-E-e., 8.6¤E CE Eql r+=e ts4¤rll, E.E 4lel EB+
rlet ol-?oll^J Eg cosroll 46J *+E EE zq^J +Bfltrl. :aaloE E + 6t+.el + oql^iel <tg .JE
Elg¤ E=+. - ( f s+q s= aq q4 "Je + 9l
eN 7l q$oltrl.
flN= P = MMINn
I

(M 다

사 (

dx ( - XI = 나 x )를H2tbA 최 " =

춰0
서 Ml

IHNI스 + N+ 1 루 "
 524 . rllEg E+

r: ,- ** rr4(t ...
cos
4!-6! +
m
: n=0
i(-r)" oil
t
2n
(t, "E 'Jelel d+)
tr

r www.slewartcalculus.com
Additional Example AE E+
:
EZE! B# /(r) : o cos r g oll=EE! E+= lotal.
pflt sgag *o]rj Eql 4"J6]zl ?*r, qg!+ Aol cosrg ullE-eil
B+(.T::;:;g:
나
^l

i;#l:r,(_,y# r

Dc
"

0
cosk
x!
소네
O
+ .E-zl sel o H 8.6eql^'l 7Jd4"J %IBss Ee 4E^llS ++= d4l
e +q{ E}+E ql"Jq E= Ell=s{ *fqlrll, 4?.1 trql el6ll ,lE4lB

*"lzl rll$ol4. BI+l "J6'Ig, 4l+= +g6tr]l e{¤q.

급동이
속
fna =
lHcd , cn
*g
EW
EO
셤×
gEE g4 /cql
a!_l¤ trI.sr+ zJ"l
ct|ot|

F
/(r): (l + r)e9 o]|=-ec!
g_E_ H11¤6lzt.
a¤ *ota|.

부= ("): (t + r)k' /(o): t '

f 이f'(r):
f
k(1 + s)*-
1, .f '(o)
: /c,
t는
k( t 에서 다
( kn 11 f"(r): t(n- t)(t + r)k-2 , .f"(o): t(t- r),

f
"
= K ( KI ( )
H gKL= K ( 에
f"'(r): k(k- 1Xk- z)(t +r)o-', f"'(o): /c(,t- tXt- z),

r4o.tr "JHl4c-e ffiol ^dBtI+.

" K
→ f(")(") : k(k_ r)... (t*_ n+ t)(r + r)k- ",
f ( K 미 ( 011
=
KCK 에 : k(k- r)... (r- n + r)
"f(")(o)
trl-4^l f(r): (1+r)ftE,ll=tr.fl ++= trt+r+ a+.
k ntl @
K K 1
t. -, - $ ,t(k- - ?i t)^^
-

1)'::@
-

f(")(o)
-

o binomial series "1++=":,;T;J;-:'m'n--e4,4

gol cBt+.
셤X
lr^*rl_lttt-r)...(tr-r+r)(tc-n)r"*' nt
동 !ypcn 'k(k-rlLk-n+1)r"I
다 I

I "" l-l
k l, _ k
l' nl,,tet
I

l/c-zl ,trl:
: ------------:- , #lrl
n*l
tet
,*!
- lrl
 8.7 qgal E+e+ oll=Efl E+ . 525

:14oe_ Hlg s{Hq Eail 016};-+E lrl< rg q +Hsll lzl> r

g ull S4ItJ+. I
016;
-'.f9 4l+E +4,1= dF4"J zlEE trI*4 A+.
/n\ ,t(/c- 1)(k- 2)...(k- n+ l)
\nl
"!
소나
:aEi ola +E 0lB Il++a 6.J+.
+g a4E (r*c)rol olAel ullp-efl ++E tI4 A+g ++tEt. ol
Ll'lzl 6t +Bqlg E"Joer{ +$tr f glzlt}, 4l "l
= .J¤ QG)zl0o-e tol
Btrl. e4l 6eq ,J+61 4zll'* +Eol El d+. ol6J 4l+ binomial coefficient
EE
XB+
ol:d Iczt gEq ¤+ola lzl< roJ q, 4*ol CBttrt.

퓨씨
소 …

1r :
+ c)&
Efi) rn : | * ka * *(k-- r)
*2. + ...
심 사

lzl< r'J qb t4l+ olt'j frfzt +B6lalEI,-r!@l!_?I,3

E.d tloll^lel +B q
09 4 rql^l +E6It1,
대최
+= eel aq q?+ ol
acgq. ++7t -1< & <
q= rldol
침 10
k> 0"J "J ¤d4^] +B'JEIE Elqa+. k7l "Jg a+ola
n> kolg 0.1 +rt^lql= "Jf (r-r)zI s*9:--e-, n> kg q (f):o
"14. "|ts k7l "JE 4+"J 4l E.fzt +EL ++7I
qa Etzl"J ola} c4
대용
* 나라최와
k
7I ¤g 다

=t+.
t/4- r
EO f(,)E trl-g"l zJol olt'j ++= ol+E + 9l= gE +4LIzl.
1111 ---:--:m:,
vt &
/ntr-nl
1
r - tlz
-y,
4
I www.stewartcalculus.com
Additional Example BE E?+

송최는 다니
4
~
k- - +ol.r. rE - rlne. Ht+ olEJ ++E 0l+618, Elgg EEtrl

#: *(, - 1)''' : + 2,(-"*)(- ;)" 착함

% 파세
"
시쎄께x'
"

: +{,. (- i)(- ;).

1
,
2\
3
, r\2(-;)(-*)(-;) ,,.\,
---3!
4) - \- 7/
'0
-;)
:*{,*}" ***,'.#,3+"'+
+ +
(- +)(- i)( (- +-"*,) fi
nl
+
4
_ r)
n

+
/ip 이사제
unl
nl8" )

xCL 4
 i26 . rll8g E+

[s]q^l"Jf ?l*ol, ol ?iE l-r/+l <1"J el, g lrl<+.J'lt +

B6ts-e., fH tlzlE.S R:4o14. I 1

.J+g fl6ll olU er+ zlki eql^.] +E'ti +et qt=Eil ++

gr_q.eE
E +gr} s-e sE"Jq.
z3ol

E.1 ol|=-=.al
r +B UT|E
=g.Et
E+sl 노 1@

trt-L - : n:0t tn:1*r*rz +r3+ "' R:l

V
"':2,#:1* +-;*** R:x.

ttxdx
↓
=
iV sirrr:
시류회 .
OV cos,':,it-
@
s-'l r 2rr|l r3 5
Lur-t)''e;T1i : r- 3! * !__L+...

t'#-1- *.*-#.
5l - Tt
+ ...
7

R:cc

R:cn

동서지문 V tarr 'r : I (- rr";;T: x.-

@

tt:0 +. + - i +
2n1l 3 5 7

R: r
1- 네 InA
재

E(-1)"'+:r-++t- i+ ..
@n2r3ra
rn(t+,): .P=l
rt: I

O (r+r)k: i(k)r": :rt*** /c(k_ 1) _z-k(k-t)(te-z\ .,

t*kr+ 2l ''* ll t"*"
nzo\rtl
R:l

ol+ + 6l+=,
+s+
Ell.JBl A+71
"ldqlE 4+tl + Sfl'J B+E
TEC 8"7/8.8"114 EulE ¤- +E + 9lq= dol4. rld, olH +g E"J+ql^l +Hol ++e] zl+
Eil.J **"ll zi g ++ Hxl 4Ezllt: ;:+s s.¤6}a r #+E nrge zl+6ll^l ef+=
qEEl+zI 3E tlfzl qEql, ol
Sedc ^Idg tfrflE+. f(r): "-"9 "Iulzl
i++= zl1-llzl Ee-lilJ zlgoeE zlBEl + fltr}. (6.4e9 H+.) 4* e_
t
1
1 52 Tlql^JE +Hs.l tstl¤- "l+6ll^J ol 6}+E 4Bt}trl.
송어암
-
ㅡ

또 5

차에
.

"
V
A EEI
)JI 동
재 1
(a) F-et A+E ol8atllj t "-"d,r=
ex 을 최세 0 (b) gito.oolel Egloll,\l ru'"-"'d,*el ,JE eoEt.
Aop|'.

지수
일름제에 . EO (u) H4 /("):r-"gl Elltl E1=Efl ++E *zl. "lE 4dzt"J %lH

워걸없나" 평
ee *g f glzl"J, trl]EEil;f*.gl 4l^lg e,"il 4t Bf"1l4 rE
- 12 oE El+q A+61 *zI. :zel$ sE ;,:gl 4dl eg"l dBtJtrl.

횡냈 (; I
)
e-,,: I_,-(_#: it- ry,ti :r_ +.*-+"
,
*

finl10
∞
AFO U= f ) 0) an
faFeN =다
,

-
F =

" anpn ni
UFf 111 = ait2 3a3

it =
dotaNt 1국개 2= f 니 (F 그

f ex axaaxT3ad로" "
-1귀 (이
= =

fl ex 2ontbasi/ +1294
=
=f 스 32 -d3+4 -3- a4 ⇒ 321 야
.
2

=
=
 미가해야 "
i- f * 미 내리 ) F 0에서 이번
flN = x
-→finl( =ex
exf = fiN
N

=냐에 = 정
eL
다

e
!
8.7 Ellgaj a+e+ sfi=Efl 3+ . 527

olzfl alpg 4E6IH tr+¤¤ g=+.

J;*'d*: IF- +. *- *. + (- ,Y+*-.)o*

: c+,- ,?.'ii.- erY6## +--.
-,- *+ "' +

Eilt g4E B+7I .E.E zoll,rJ +H6Ioe, ++E -sE ol col'l

"-"4
+Bt}q.
^J
(b) c 4+el zlB c?-].il Etil tr|¤¤ gtstri.

'd't:- I -_ tt *- *u _ ,' *- g.4!

fr -rr, *n _....|'
- "'lo
r(a)9 qE*+.ll^l C:0oJ a+E
qg +
J o" L'- s.il sat- T.gl 91tr1.

1 1 1
-1-1- t' 10- 42 -' zt' -...
=L-+.+ -**# =o.T4T5 flxF SA o

nEll B+ qB 4Eq E6il ol *rttlel silE E}gEE+ zr4. -+ * M

fuloln1추 fulo 113
↑ 자
∞
An =floyfon+ )
=

다 ni 이
r-:=1 <o.oor r
ㅡ

. 미.

- 5! f= cxfllo 얘
*다
11 1320
빠

은던 세에제
"io 야 o -
fl Af
8
스

ql"JE ++E E 4E +EE 4* E7lzl ql^l++. +tg sslgq B )

NfloF - ,
fBI (
zlsE *g + ?lzl"J, r {t{l #+E ol*g + fltrt.
-

f씨
V 에이야.사짧
=

trDrn ↑= 는
e
*+E'JE *olat. SN

EO "" ql ql6.J u|lpgfl

ㅇ ++E ol+6tH, trIg¤ g*q.
노미분
e'-l-r :llm
(,.ft ***o. )-'-"
llm ,
r-O I- c-0 *2

③밝
fr
+
*3
+
r4 +
+= 차
L e
lim
9 3!
2
4
.oJ+ a+El ql+ 441= olH %lH
r-0 T
70
Lxr2r}
o e. *d¤ ctt4.
: lim i-r--L--L--l-
23!4 5!
1

2
z.-0
wm 다

zlE4lE A+71 s+ B+olu-s., ol atlzl cBtEl. tr

E+el tgz} Ltig

7.lEir{Ei
,lE4l+ ;.+E tr16}4+ E trll, olaEg +6J B+e+ B"l 45!t4.
(s.zge1 t4 Eol olE ts.q++.) ^td, 4* uzlzl {1.'tla5o1, 4E4lg
 528 . 488 a+

#+$$ trt.J t++e+ Aol E-6ln +E + il+. il* E zli9 oJ"Jg +E

Ell, I +lE 6Jg *= cg zl$alr. ilg P 6}01 7i+ +_CI_6}71 ull+"l4.

셤XX
trDm qB 6J+9 o11=eE! A+0il^1 gol olg i1g Bg AoEt.
^11
e"sinr
(a) (b) tanr
EO (") *. 1q 9lE e"4 sinrg E11=EA ++= ol+6IE trl^gg g=q.
e'sin -\'' l! ' 2r' B! ' ..)(,-C*
*:(r+a+!*!* /\" 3! ' )
I

"l 4]g +r}^ln+ Aol E-6Ir. ++6}4p_l E_eH +gr+ gq.

r*r* ir'**r'*'..
( a -1r'+...
b

r* *'+f,r'+|rn+
+
13 14
^&
bb ^&

r* I-f2,I 3
-r
iI
:14og. e'sin r : fr + x2+*r' * .ol+
~

(b) -s.ql gits ol|E-=.fl ++= "l+6IE +gg E=trI.

3 *3 !--.- ,5
sin r &3t5!
K * 가 tantr: COS f,j
't-x
24
-fr
' 2r.'4!

최란따
-..
.
". 하 +

.
한다 ~
.

.
+4B(a Ll-ic)4 ae olBs .l*",t*
r* rx"* 15r"+"' X*]
ar+

.
,- *"'* *,^ - -.- ) ,- 13, -r 1
- "'
s

따일체
마침 6, lnz
+ 1"1.
x- rr'* ZAn"-.-.
력 i,'- #,'* ...

*"'- ,-i,'* ...

ii" *
r4oe. :,
|r3 * *ru+
tanr + ... oltrl
 8.7 EJlgal a+e+ oll=Ea E+ . 529

H7l lloll^J ol+oJ ¤^14"J azlE C'JCS +oJ6lxl ?*ltzlql, "lE C

'J6l+. JG):E",*"4 g6):Ebn** ol r.+ l"l< Aqr.l fflrlz ol

5g. +-J EI+e+ aol B6lE, r a4tr. Eg t+E lrl< Egl,! +B6la
JG)TG)E s¤++E A4zI il4. +idql^J= bn*}ol7lE .e.+oJtr+.
r Ar+E Ee;+= +B6l zle lzloll 46ll +B.J+.

셤XX
Eilgl4el 3^loil EllEt
=E
*oll,(-l E+6J +Be-=. olH ¤¤. ut*4 ]t=trI.
4q E.ll 'llt
R^(r): lb)- r"(r)ole| alz|. 4zlrl o"11,t1 14
"zl
ql'Jel +
","b
t* Bfol4. 6BE gtle ¤tit A4el +gr+ a+. *, +H6l +Ctl
$+4 ¤E C?-lE zl+EJ4. cE rJf"lz r + a"l ^J46Iq, /oll^l +*
4 zJol Bf gE AEBJtrl.
g(t): lG)- f(t)- f'(t)(*-t)- ffa-il2 - ...
-t'"){u''-t)^- ra"l,#
rqE cffiol ¤9t4.
g(r): f(")- f(r)- o- "' - o:0,
g(o): f (x) - {r"("1+ n"(r)}: f (r) - .f (r) :o
-a4 o.= EE C4E oPel xttlz\A +'zJq^i gql 4*rtE, zel a rlol9
4'JqI azI 34d14 s'Q):0ol CBel+. 4t 49 slE6IH, q+e goll
9 t}"l g'(t)91 Eltt
^1s-
Atq sl{ ++ol Eg ElqE Ae
^49c}.
+zlql4l Ba4.

s, (t) :_ f}U G _ D^+ (n+ r,R,@E#

felo-=- trl+¤ E=+.
(') (x- (^ _ -\n
9'G): - 16*nl '')
")"
* (n + t)fi"(r)7ffi:
w-a)
o

tr+4^J r.ffiol CB6J4.

530 . r1l8g E+

E qE E4I

1. E.= oql q4 fG): Er: ubn(r-5)""J Ell, b8ql 11. fG):*a-Br2+1, a:1
.It ^lg
,q4. 12. fG):n-13, a- -2
13. /(r): lnz , a:2 fi. f(r): lnr , a: I
2. I E :a4E= oteil rB4 Aq. 15. /(r) : , a:3 16./(r): sin x, a: rf 2
"5'
v 17. lG): cos rr, a: T 18. /(") : *-', a: L
f
19. qfl E4 zq1,q ¤g E+7I EE rollrl sinnxg
Eai+g +8614.
0 ,f
20. q¤ E4l roql,rl gg ++7I EE roll,<'l sinrE
q"Jel otH s¤Bg +B6l?+.
(a) 4¤. A+71+d"l 1.J /E -ofzl
OI+E ¤86}+. 21. q¤ E4l eql^i eg #+7I EE roll,<J sinhr=
1.6-0.8(r- 1)+ 0.4(r- t)2-O.r(r- t)3+"' s.'dtlg +B6}E}.
(b) ++ A+71+Col 2"J /9 ql"Jq *fzl otH
22. slElE4 10ql^J gg *+7I EE roll,tJ coshrE
ol+E ¤8614. EeBg +8614.
2.8*0.5(r -z)+ 1.5(z- z)2 -o.t(r-2)3+"'
2s_26. oluJ. !-ffi ol+6ll^J trlg B+E ,lE4l* B
J. n: 0, t, 2, ... ql 4"il /(")(o): (n+ 1)! oJ trll, / +-e. ,$7]|614. +B uJxlE¤ "J6I4.
el ,]|Etr.il
=i+e+ "lg
+B tlzlE¤ *oI4. 2s. yr-. 24. , +f r)'-
(1
a. 48"1 CB6J oll +dol 4"J /sl Ell.Jel A+E * 1

oI+. 25. .--- - 26. (1 - ,12/t

12* r.)"
(- l)"rr!
\^/ 3"(zr*1)
f\')(+)- 27-36. olu eql^J +Etl EIEEa ++E 0l+6ll^l
ol ql.Jel ++el fH Hlzlt9 $"loJzt? +g t++el ,ll=sfl #+E *"t4.
27. f G): sinzrz 28. f G)- a/z
"-
5-10. u|]=sfl ++E AEE ol$ill,rl rI* /(c)91 4 29. f (*): e' + e2' 30. /(r): tir(r')
o3 qlse.fl ++E *o14. t/el a54E ++7i +rI :
31. /(") *"or(Lr') 92. lG): r2ln(1+12)

gg. /(z):-:tf ++ r' sa. fG):-L

tE;
A¤ +B tlzl+S *.IE.
S. /(r) : 11 - r)- 2 6. /(z) : s in 2z
35. /("): sin2r 1fl9: sirr2r: *(1- cos2r)g o;
7. JG): sinzrz 8. /(r) : tre'
+6lat.l
9. /(r):sinhr 10. /("):coshz
r - sinr (t*0)
11-18. +qd a9 &ol +C'J +f,- tl+ /(r)oll 46J 36. /(r): T,
3

ql"Jel ++E *o14. t/el ,lEzll+ ++7I (r: 0)

-r zi{6}zl. R-(r) -,0fl¤ Eolzl "J?+.1 =zll,iltrr 6
 8.7 qlgal E+e+ ofl=Efl Ef r 531

ffiez-se. ("JEE %IBg ol+El^l) trtg EI+ /9 q=e 54. _Ezl 11(b)el -rf¤ ol+El^J r+s +¤Ig *"lel.
fl ++E *"I4. /e+ i.l¤- E zll9 El"Jel q6'J ++E
r4s= Ag +Hql r-qE. "Ifl 4aJ E}+84 / ^l lqtr"ft-
"lg olB +zlE g f ?lEzl? ol +cg 3.74E -E-71 4oll^J: eulBE tszl¤.,r'll H
sl. f G): .o, (r') ga. /(") : s- t2
* r ol.g *H"l 4 "l¤91
cos
^l-&dl^]
4*E|. E}.Tl?

39. cosrel ullf;Efl #+E ol*4^1, cosSoE Ag ss-s8. ,l${$ ++E tC$ +kdg olS-fl,tJ ffi
4'+ +Crq zlflnlzl C+6lAl Co14. t}+el ql=sil ++ql^J ¤"1 "IH ilg ^ll 'Jg *"I-el.
'9 ql=Efl #+= ol$all.<J llw : 56. Y: secu
40. e E ag 4 55. g
"- ""o",
+ trICrll zl/ztlzl C+6}rll d6i+. 57. a: ;k 58. y: e'ln(1+ z)

41. (a) "lo; ++E ol+ql^l r/ 'h:Vg dzflu}4.

sH4.
(b) (a)E 129 oll-=Efl;+= E+g ++s.l B9 *"t4.
"l+6ll^l sin-
(a) tl i/r+ r * zlEzll* ++s dzllo}4.
*ot+.
ue ir-rY# * ,:i,5#
" i##ffi * E#
42.
(b) (a)E ol+6il^l tl di 4 ag c4l zI4
z|{ {$a}ril qB6}+. ^+

¤-46. +"J ++E ++ +A 4Eg *oi4

63 s***T***..
e'-l (trlz)3
64. r -tn11- ry- * ...
or..[ *"or(*') d, 44
T x

ou ,[ cosz-l -dr (rz)dr (r):

T arctan "10- r)'Z aEA]* ++e dzilal4
46 65. (a) f
T
(b) (a)E ol+ofl^l +g ++E t}g *"].4.
A+E 0l+6ll^l trl+
47-50. -dr c zlBE =}tag zl^l $n
¤ g.ilel Bflq^l e.I+. L) nn
n= | Z

nt. f d,r (ti cl.4 zlqzl^l)

n'*"or(r') 66. (a) lG):G+"r)1(tr_r)'g rlE4l* B+E d
/'rir, (ro)a, (+.+ '-Jlr{l zlQt\zl)
ae. 11614.
(b) (a)E 0l+6ll^l ++ ++E iI¤ *oI4.
4e. rf"-+ (ls-:11<to-8; @2
\lZ-) 7z
s t/l*x" n:l
6n
Z
o'
so. f r'"- "d, e4l ( l < o.oor)
67. pzl nll $EJ *+ol{, ffiol CBi}g Eq+
51-53. B+E. 0l+6ll^1 4¤. +6Jg *ot4. P(x+'):,4ry
r - ln (-t + c) 1-
- ' ,'rn
51 52- lim "ot'
;;o r' ,-o L*x-e" 68. /(r): (1+ r')'oolH., ,f(")(o)E <Ig gsloJzl?
sinz- x+l*3
53. lim 5
6s. E+¤. t4lE¤ ol+6ll^i mg +8614.
o*O r,
532 . r$89 E+

(a) g(r): X;=r(l)""ole| alx[. ol tfE plB 70. (a) E+¤-+ zJ"l C9¤ i+fzl a1el ql=eil +
fel ,Jzl ?*+g Eq+.
4^l El¤¤ Eq?+.
-L/r' (x * A)
e'(r\: y* (- 1< z < 1) tG): e
0 (c: 0)

(b) h(r): (1+ ,)-ug(r)4 6ta, lt'(r):ooJg o EE

(b) (a)"tl 9l= i++el r4sE r4I, fle +rlql
q+. ^l
ol tr+g q# ¤B6l+.
(c) g(r): (1+ x)o& +E6I+.

rc qlgal qer s+el gE

ql.Jel ++ trr+E g-¤.6}ts + 7l^1 BlHg "Jiole+. u^-l

"lH ¤ql^-l=
"l+611^l t}+q +^I^l7l= %IBg +e*+. a+q 4EI
Eil"Jet +6J fl+¤.
4E=e tr16* d+z} zI* E+6J g4oJzl ql+q "lE +ol-6JtrI. trl--e-=_o*tr E-el
qlzlpi ="4x1¤ol q"Jel 46J d:+¤- tlqc, {zl ffi, Ea+E +E,
^}E
g zlezl-eE I.+E-E A¤ Er+ zJe- Eot"ll ol¤-alE %lHg rg{}+.
trtB El+o[ el
=^t
f(r)zl trl+4 Aol oql^] ra9 Ell'Jel *+9 *4 A+l- 7tC6IzI.

f(x):"Erry(r-a)^
8.74q^l "l ++E rzxll *B Elq ql* zls- T*G)E EEfl:il., olE aoll

^l /9
nil Hl"Jq +6J II+e}r Eflq. e., 4+4 eq.
r^(,):,449G-a)i
: !(a)* {$t'-a)+ ffu- th)l"l (t- a)n
')'+ "' +
/= olael ql"J4 ++q ,Bolo.e, n.-., @ I 4l z;(")-/(s)ol dB{!
+. ::.el s T"g I "1 Eil+ 3^I /(r)= T^(r)f, ol6-E + 9l+.
E+*r+ Ag 1it ql"Jel El6J B+= 2.8¤ql^l Ee.lt aoll^'l /el C¤+
ei AE+.
T1(a): Ib) + f'(a)(r - a\
E, r,4 "l s*+el ooll^j9 &g /e+ /'9 aoilrJel dtEs+ A+g q"J
6lzr. gHI4eE r"el Ei++E9 aollaJ9 alg /+q olel n 4l gsfzt
xl9 AEl} gilt+.
"oil4el
 8.8 flgal qE Et+el 9E . 533

olfl gt}g ql^l6l7l +lEl^J rg lql +4u y:e"+ olae-l zl* H zll
v
E Ell"Jq B+e] :r4sE EE+^l +36IzI.
Ela-J r4sE (0, 1)ql v:
"rE
4 a: ",9 dCol4. "l dCg d (0, r)9 =*.11,$ e"oll rlt slCE C {v Tz\x\
y: Tr(r)

B Tr4 r4s= gEd y:t*r+xzfzola-, 4s-l =4leE v:Tz@l

=^l-ol+.
+^I ir+E f4E y:t+n+x2f2+13/6?lq, ol= 4el r4sE4 zl (0,l) y= rrh
+ +d y:e"oll 4 211},4.: cl¤- Ell.Jel 4,J fl.+ 7r= gd trl +g 0 x
olc+ ,J"l 4l+gE+.
=^lolq, y:Tt?)
e-E4 +s.= ql.Jel 46J *+ r,(r)zl ilf s: e'oll +H'J4= ^Id
g +il4e.E. E+6JtrI. x:0.2"J trll= "ll+ mls4 fBa1x1"3, r:39 ral 1

q= +rJ Lelrll +Hi}g "J + ?Itrt. rzl ooE+q Eote++

^Id, L a:0.2 c:3.0
T*(r)Y e'91 4 eErll +B'J+. rr(x) 1.220000 8.5000000
q"JEl q6& i++ 4¤. ol+6fl^-l Ei+ /q q, +¤.4 ae eE roG) t.22t400 16.375000
=^I^la
"il Bdlot t4. "lE 9"14 c+'il +^loJ7I?
g6l-= c+EE tszl 9loilrl rui) 1.22t403 19.412500

E n 9 Zi$ 9"1* =.7il qflot ;l"LzI? olfl e+q B6i7l 9l6ll^J= 4g rr(x) t.22t403 20.009152
TroG) 20.079665
,+ Aol 4"lzl 6JE dq<lg +gE $s-z} 914. 1.221.403
e' t.221403 20.085537
l: l/(") - T"(x)l
ln-G)
silE a7l= qgB + ?l= +*4 Ae ^ll zlzl gt$ol ?itr}.
1. :.e;1u *ilE ol+g + 9148, l&(r)19 r4sE rqa fdoe.
-g4¤ qBtq.
2. t+71Eq ++olE, r.q ++ "lB 4qB ol+g + 9l+.
3. EE a+ql ql'Jelg *+l(e.7dE *4 tr09 "l*E f 9ltscll, "l"ll
q-el rtolg ,91 4dl 4*ol tBtE|.
"4 o
\(r): {|s(c-o)'*,

fE (a) El# lG): iE a o:80llA'l 2il qgq ctB El*e

< r < eB trll 0l =^t^144
(b) 7 lts EolLl 8qil7t?
(") f(r): =
\E-- r'r', .f(8): z,
EO
l,b): tx-ztt, f,(8): +,
!"(r): - f,,''t', f"(8): - *,
f"'('): )9,--'l'
r-el,e zi| ql"JEl ql6} B++ E+-9+ AE+.
534 r rll86t E+

r,(x) :/(8)+ u - ar f"}?

{P,"- s)+
:2*$a-a)- frt,-sl,
g6l+ +94 a4.
=^lE
iE = r,(x) : z + $u- a)- t, - al, fr
(b) qlgel ++= z ( 8.J q rq a+71ot'loe, ol trzloll,rl= .ilql
++ qH A?lE ol+g + fl+. :4u} qgqE +^le ol*ol{ 4
84 B"l +ElB + 914.
n (r): #rr- 8), : fi;s73 (c -.8)3 : s!l-;p
¤zlr.l zts 8r* " ,t}"loll 9l+. e{E qB6I7l +l6ll^J, T < r < eol
E -t 17-8< lolo-e. lo-81< 1011, "l"ll rI4 lr-813 < tol
+. E, z>7olo+ trI-gg EEE+.
,alt ,78/r > L7g

2.5
reloe- qg¤- E=trt.

T2
lnoi)1 =ffi. r=#<o.ooo4
trt+^J 7 <r < eg 4, (a)9 e.i} 0.0004E H+lq^J 4q
v: Vi 6l.4. =^IE r
15
0

aeJ 2
rqs tlil$ ol-$r|l,tl ts_71 1el dg ea,Blzt. rB 2Y rzt e9 **
ql flg 4l y: W+ y: T2G)9 :4oz} E||+ zlztlol ?lg¤ eq
^Je
0.fi)03 +q. rB 3e q34 ag ^les C{} lr"(")lel r?.ileE Eq++.
lar(")l:l W- Tr(*)l
v = lR,(.)l ol :zqlugtel z 1r 1eg trll 4¤-ol
^dB*g B + fltr}.
lnob) l< o.ooo3
9
0 r40.=. ol a+ql r4s %lHg ol++ sit qge Eil"Jelel *49 otg
r=J s E! e.& olaJ-Hq. e+rJ q tr+attrt.

E, - o.r I r I 0.39 ttll trlB =,^l-=

(a) l-861,ts e+q ++g + ll
ts e.x15 Aq gtrloJTl?
sinr="-+.+
ol eA|.= ol86t|,r.i sinl2oel 4+ q^fl xElrtrl Es-l6l.Xl *otal'.
=tJE
 8.8 EJlgal tr,lg B+9 s8 . 535

(b) 19 qE Aql 4all 0l eil 0.00005E H9loll^j8qil7|?

=^lts eE (}q q4 nql ++ol+.
EO t.) ffi ull:=E.fl ++E ¤"1 olu ,9
.
srnn:fr- r"5+ r',
St 5! - V+"'
rqr lrl< tolo-E, {tr}E a}Eg a7l7l ¤q=E}. olq q+ :zqi
;:+ qB cq= ol+g + iltr}. sinrE olael ,il=sa B+ql^l il
+ ^-ll 6Jg *^I^la qls-l si}= zl4allo} +gr+ Aq.
*7 lrl7
7
- 5040

- o.3 1 r 10.3018, E lrl < 0.3o1{, gzJf tr}+E-tr}

^}+.

$# = A.zx 1o-8
sin12oel Ag *zl 9latl,tl, H4 E+gr+ Aol EEB os {$oix}.
sin 12' : .t"(t#): .,"(#)
, /zr\3t__t_t_t /zr\st
- rs \rr/ st '\rs/
_t_l
-sl

= 0.20791169

:elpe A+ qdrq zll,lzl 4+t +*ag sin12o = 0.207912014.

(b) r]-$ol cB¤- Ell gil-.= 0.00005-E-EI z+El.

l'l'< o.oooob
v'vvvv
5040 -

"l +E4g "91 4all EE +gg E=tr}.

TEC Module 8,7/8.89 qgE q
lrl7 <0.2s2 EE I xl< @.zsz1t/t - 0.821 q' fli+ LtElzl +g r4E
-E Eq++.=^toll^l
:aeloe. +qd *^I= lrl< o.s2"J Ell si} 0.00005e.| Hflql^l c+
6l+. r
s7l 2E Erl 916il Eil'JElel +4g qe4l $z|! ulalzl aj
^F&fl,4H,
* +*i,+ a+.
&(r): #;- -"orr{ 4.3 x lo-E

(Ts: rflql l-coszl. to1og, l&(r)l< lrlT/zt"l

71"Jql ++6lzl.)
v: l&(.r)l
4. "]"il trl+ iEil B+ qB c"-le+ +ge &g ei.q.
r4s %IHe 4E=tt?:B 4t: trig El-+E r4s= Bq=4.
la6(r) ;
: lri, - ("- *,' * #,')l -0.3
0
0.3

"
fal 4
536 . rll88 E+

re-lI. olE+El lrl< o.sg 4 l&(r)l<4.3x10-'gg "Jf ?14. olE

0.00006
) = 0.00005 I -H.71 2ql4 Ee ar+ +e+. (b)e-l a+qE l&(")l< o.oooosolzlE st
E+. reltrE rB 5e+ TJol a:1,?6(r)lr} s:0.00005E r4gE EI4l r
= l&(-r)l
fltrI. 4^lE sE+ Edql flrl^l7lE, +F^l"l lrl< 0.82.J trI dBBg
-v

\, "Jrtl gtrL E+^l E7l 24 Eololl^l Ee 7}r+ +aq.

-t E7l 2ql^J sin12o rlt^lq sin72oe-l trt{tg *gqr flqH, (o:0
o

ra5 4tlql) a:r/Sq^lE Ell'JBl +6J Et+# ol+qg 4.o14. q*alg ol

aEol ,r/s *tl}9 ,9 {loll 4ull sinroll ul 7l*71 ullEol4. 72"E 60"

fB 6e ^I.J +dql *^I6IE trIg$ ag ,]|=efl q6J 6J+el r4s

E tsq+q.
7,1(r): r, T3G):
"- *,
Tr(r): r- *. +. 7.,(r):"- + . *- +
nol 4d9l rI4 rJ*cl 4zl* +rJql4 T^(r)ol sinroll cf zlTlol d=El
gg+fltr}.
v Tl
T5

0 \ x
\
sln -r
\,, T1

rg6
+ .tr7l 1!+ 2ql^l ^lB+ ¤4E c3 4ltzle+ a+qql^] ol+Eq. ql
Eq 4l,tlzlollxl sin EE e, 7lE +E trll EE e+q sg:.zllulz| g
=
4 i++, 4+ i}+, Bil¤ tl+= 91t3,rjE_Pflg ol*g q, "*e zl4ql^J
8}+e 4'J B+E CEJ+. +6J E+= 96l Eil"Jq q6J EL+"Jq,
ol==^l
=
+t dSlql^-l ezlzl g: cJ r.e4l +sqE+ +Aqq 9lq.
E4+oilel ga
elgq 46J d-+= Ee]olql^]E zlf "l*¤4. E4olz}= ^lq Ellq} zl
+qg E7l .?16ll^l g6l E++= raE Ellgel ++ql^l 4¤- +q 4lE 6J
Rl¤. izq6fl^J ++eittr+. HlTl 'J6iE, Ep-lqlzlE Ell"JBl 4.J d:f= :
El+q qEI *^l ++E ^|+++. 4¤.:nzlE olfl ts^Jol t}.flcq]
oJ zlzl trq++. =+
"l+!= "JHg
 8.8 Ellg*l trtB El+E sE . 537

CEfi ot?.!+E1?l ++ SElld olEoll^{ 4.E uE t:lolts EillE EBe q

EI+ eq'.
_ffio
,/t-r'1"2
q7l^l mo? 8xl 8EHoll^l trgolu cE'J9 +qolq. EillE 8E
=i{lE
ollLlxl= trt84 eol Exll ollLlxlel 8xl SElloll^1E ollLixlel iloltr'f.
K: mc2 - ffiocz

(a) u7l c0l uloll ot+ rtE rfl, rq EflEt ol

^l0l
r.dl1?j ttE EaltrtE I
4 K: f,*ou'rl- "JilgE Hq+.
(b) EilgalE B^lE olE6ll^'l lul< toom/sg ull rq qil old ^lEoll^1E
i|3 0le6lat.
EUI (u) r<* mo\ rll4 +qd 4¤ "l*u}tr, q^sg Ets4.

K:mc'-ffi0c2:+-rroc'
y L-u lc
(t 2\-rl2 'l

: -,r{[r -
5) - 1]

r : - u2 / "' o1E +gH,,)- '/'ql q"J ullp-eil ++E t': - f,

(1 +

"J olt} Ei+.E. "il+ dal cg + ?14.

("( colEE lrl< r"Jg +"J
6}zt.) ffiol {Beq.
. zoll,tl 9l+ +Cg ++ +.lld
(r + z)- ,,2: L-
+..
(- il- +),,. (- i)(;i)(- *) rs +
=B
oll^l +E7l uoJ E49 35 ofluJzl
rql qt 49 :-4uol4. "t4 +
"' ce rd4oJ +H E4qql^l rql
- 1- *"* *"'- *,'* ql4 e+E -E_¤i4. uzl
rlatd Elgg e=4. 49 ^|+rlts
+Eql Hl61 ot+ qg q, +
+/dg ¤e4ss ^ls oJilt+.
x:*o"'l(,.* 5. **.**. )-,) K

:*,"'(+5.*S.*7. )
K: mc2 - iloc2
uzl 49 q, a4 + +lE sE 6Jg A4l t}ql Hl61l 'll+
co\ ttl.ll ot+
++. olE ^J+6t8, q¤-g ¤b4.
x= *0"'(+5): |*oo' [{- *^ou'
(b) q'JelE +^lql q4 +q4 +g E+gr+ zJ"l *4H + 91trI. c

: f"J?) ae7
r,(c)
"
 538 . rjlEg a+

¤zl,g lG): ^or,{(t+o)- r/z

-1}oll z : - rr/"zolc}. :rflrjl
f" (t) : lmocz(t* 5/2
e)- ol o e +g-¤ E=tr1.

R1Q):
8(1+
3moc2

z)5
'7
u
4

4zl,tl zE 04 -r2/c' ^Iolql fl4. <

m/soloE, 4¤.ol Cg{}+. ": Bx t08m/soltr lul rOO
3
;rno(9 x rotG)(too/c)4
Rr(r)=
fu<(q'nx1o-")-o
r4oe. lol< toom/sg 41, g-F.ilqzlq EIg +Eel 49 trll
^l-3-g
silE a7l+ zlAor|,"1 (a.z*10-10)rnooJu). I

8.8 elE E4l

ffi r. r"l +col a:0oJ lG): cosrgl 4{l ozlz1z;9

Ellgel +'J Er-+E¤ *"le[. /e+ old +6] {}
+EE r4EE ee s+Eql :44.
(b) r:n|4, n/2, zroll^l /e+ olfl +6J B+EE
<19 *o]-4.
(c) Ell"Jel q6J B+Eol /(r)"ll +HI'l= rlag
¤8il14.
(b) qlgele] +{g ol+El^l rzl i.44. ++q +g
trll *^r f(r)= r"(r)4 c+EE
"lH6t+.
ffi t.l lR,,(*)19 :r4gE rq^J (b)E A4-E dA6l4.
9. /(z): \f1+r, a:0, n:1, 0< x < 0.1
10. /(c):Llx, a:1, n:3, 0.8 < r < L.2
11. f(")- t2/3, a:L, n:3,0.8 < r < 1.2
12. f ("): sin n, a: r/6, n:4, 0 . , . nl3

ffi z. r"l 6dol a:1oJ fG):tlx4 4tszlz1z1s_1 13. /(c): e", a:0, n:3, 0 < z < 0.1
Ellgel El"J t++E¤ *"t4. /e+ olfl trl.J B 1a.f("):ln(1 *2r), a:1, n:J, 0.b< r< 1.5
+Eel r?{s= Ae +{.il rq+. 15. /(r):zsint, a:0, n:4, -L<r<l
(b) r:0.e4 1.3q^J /e+ olfl +6J B+Eq {t 16. f G): zln n, a: l, n:3, 0.5 < z < 1.5
¤ *ot4.
(c) Ell"JE trl6} {}+Eol /(r)ql +H6l-= !+Ag 17. qE Erll bel Cld-E 0l+6ll^-l cos 80oel *talg

¤E6l+. +d4l zlflnlzl C+6}{l q?6I4.

^+
18. qg Ezll 12E Cts.E olgofl,rJ cos 38"E
EEr-t. i aoll,r'l B+ /"ll qi¤I Ell"Jei r1a} ilf u3(r) g +{r{l zl/llzl C+6}4 qg6}4. =til
E *oI4. f * rrg r4sE Ae ElHql :244. ^+
3. f ("): L/t, a:2 4. f (r): e' , a:2 19. Ell"JelE t4g ol+6ll^J uo,g **<l¤ s_z}
0.00001E Hgq^j qB6Izl .fl6]| 6I=
5.f(r):cos r, a:nfz 6. /(r) :Y, a:t ^|+Elo}
e'ql q6J ql=sfl ++ql^JE rlsl 2flffi ac6l+.
7. lG): re " , o:0 8. f b): tan- I x, a:7
20. EI+g "Jr fl+r 7IC6IZ|.
9-16. (a) /= + ooll,<j nil. Ell"Jel 46"i il+.a +^I^l
4q. f6)(t): gl,ll
3"(n+ 1)
 8.8 Ejlgal q.e a+g Et ' 539

rel-a 6dol 4"J /el Ellgel A+71+B +rJql E'_ q _

" _ D,
q

+qL E= zoll^l /(").ll +Bt4r 6'l^1. si} qloJ (O+ a)z

tr+6} B+e eil 0.0002e1 H+lql fl: /(5)E ,ql q6J ol d,/DE ,lE4l*ql +t} #+e
"l ^lg
eg + el¤¤ Eq+. dzllatl,<J, $aeE+q ge.l "Jq4 flg trL
P7l
=&<tg
E7l tlDsql ,lE 4tslql*g Bq+.
ffizt-zz. Eq ;+
qB 4?-1 s= qlgelE +4g ol+Bll^1,
q-q
+q{! Z^l7l alA¤ e:}E H+lqFl 4+t!,9 il9 H9l P

E qB6FL r4sE 0l+6ll^] Bg ea6Fi. D 6-l

21. sin tr = t- + (ls-:11< o.or)
26. olq :184 zJ"l sltol ,t Eau+71 ,f,ol7l dgJ
5g zledel uE +E-e ¤4"J q, q¤61
22. cosr =r- +- L^ (ls-z1l< o.oos) CBE-ltrL

,"" : oL tanh
-2nd
ti ,
zg. z}F1l7l qy +rJ"fl {{ 20mlss+ 7}+E 2m/s2
o-E BElr 91tr+. 2i| Ell"Jq q6J B+= 0l+6ll (a) Eol AsE, ,1= '/eLJ@if"Jg trq4.
I 4¤l e E9} zl-FiI7I Bil ,t4E C6'|+. (b) tanholl EIt ,l|=efl ++E ol+6ll
Eol "JsE,
ol +6J tI+E ol+6ll^l :r. q¤- 1+ EoJ gfl A
^1,
,<lu= JN"J+ Bq4. (:eloe EgEql^l
4E- qH6h= dol 4¤tzl? EAqel +E= sI+4 +++ A6J"l il+.)
(c) n4 ++ q? aEE 0l+6ll^l,r> lodg trll
24. dCE 4t.JE ,g {sa&9 q+e, *-"lel(O-m)
El+le +a6JEl. +qd ++q zl6}Ee +¤-
*rI u2 = sdTl9i| 0.014erel H+lql^l C+
= eol g=.ql u++ acg4. Eg Bqe}.
^.1+ 20)
P(t): P2oea(t-
¤zld tE 3E(c)ol+. qq 7t4 ++ql .ll+
(gE 4l+4 +e=) a4 (zoC q^igl zl6JE"J)
pzo4 7}g +g{! szi ?Itr}. oi+ *g gEE 4l
el6tE, xl6}E'e g=."11 tr+E+ lE e H6J+.
dB o
27. zlEzl-ets I.+I; e-= ¤4lg q +"}^Ik
olofl rla|5rJ4oe p(t).ll +*49 t:2oql^i li} ^IEg
IEq zlolE +4618, HIE^I zl+E +=g A'J
EE- 2i| Ell"Jel 46'J fl+s +^I^Iiltr}.
(a) fd lite+ 2il
4^l EAAIoF t+.
i++E {g *"t+. aol zl+E RlzlBola 7ol LSEeq aol"J
ffi :
(b) +q9 A+ql a=^I0.0039/C oll p2s:1.7 x
(a)
q, Eaol EtTr+ ?J# Eq4.
to-8O-moltrl. -2b0C <t<1000Cq1^l +
rqsE C: Rsec(tl a) - R
4 9 xlalEr+ lz}e+ D+ Z^l ++E
f4+. (b) EiloJel 4qI B+= 0l+6ll^1 4¤.ol cBBg

ffi (c) ,9 qE Aql q4 cB *^I *+= ^l+ i++ sq+.

* v"9 H+lq^l gil6l-=2|?
c=- 4* ,Lo=
2R' 24R3
25. 471 %qg a7l+ rJa +e7l HJElloJ F zll9 d
4e olFoldE+. d6l7} q4 - qolr 'tje- d9 zl 1.; zJolz| 100km?l r+EEql 4rll (a)4 (u)9
qE- +r gq4 flg q, "FI rHql fl= d P *4se *e trAg ullule|. (zl+E tlz'lB
q^Jel dzl q+r+ Aq. I oszotmB q4^I.)
"lgr E=
540 r {188 E+

2e. 4.0¤gl.,.i %Ic^l f(")-- 0E t rg **tlg *E

+HE %[Hg "Jo]*4. arq zr oll^J ¤E
=]t<I
6ll^l "itrlE ]}tA nz, zt, ... g trl-94 zJol tsfl4.

2s. z)olzl Lola ¤4C4 4lq doel 49 ol? E ¤E tn+l: -^-

ol9 ?zlts qgr+ AE|. H
n:1, &:rn, z:"oJ Ell"Jalgl +4g ol+Bll^l
u-aysJ,S"''
T:4^[T d't
@ f"(r)zl r, rn. rz+ 19 glftll= *zJ Zq14 +46t
¤zlrJ /c: sin(*90)"lr gE +q 7I+EolQ. .7 .Egoc/ql qidllT"G)l< tutolq lf'G)l> x
(6.589 qe +4 ga"ll,(j cs+gl B4g 0l+6ll "J q, 4Sol dBBe Eq4.
ol zi+g *&ag +*+.)
^l
(a) ul4e i++E oltj frftr_ {zlla}r. 6.1¤e_l el lr..* r- rl< fflr.- rl'
E E4 34E ArlE ol+dl^J E+¤¤ Eq+. r,ol 4.+ d\ zlflztlzl C$6IE r,,*,3 qI
lolts
4+ 2d4 zlflzlzl a+Bg *tE+. # rJ B*aI
r:2,r,lTlr* ir, * ffiu^ * ffix'* ) 4 "J6Its, ntr4loll^lg e_it7l 7la4ot r0--olts
dool o6 3zl gfog, ol ++q^J A4 EJ"J n+ 1E4l9l^JE e-i}= 7146110r (M/21{)rc-2^
g ol*all,,.l Eg T= 2r\tEJs zl et;l olEl.l
ol+¤+. F z|l9 =^l
i}g ol+oil^l ee +g
trJ Cq6IE+. = 30. trl-s-E ,ll+4.J 4ag ulz| e7I +el+"Jg +E6leL
^I7I (a) etl -r?4folE, "JE Cf p4 q 9 q > 2ql
T= ! tr') 4dl " : plq Eg 4o14. Ell'JqE +49 ol
2tr
Ysth+ 4l
^l
(b) ol tLE 6JE 41;y zl\ *otl,rl +-gq Aol i^x}.
++oil^l A4 6J yl.el

q+ +olq. "l
^I¤g
ol+6ll^J ol +fe+ Ell !: e:1*
** ** *#* GTlli
e
z

+6IE EHI ts+E ulL6|-r. 4¤¤ Eqel.

:ss*#0r
< r< L 4- 3k2
," r[Tl* Ir') g 4- 4k2 2,r
$zl,tJ 0<-2< 1o14.
(c) (b)9 +E^.lg ol+611^J 2:1mol-tr do:10o (b) q!(e - "o)zl C+.Jg .E-q{.
.J gEolE AzlE qgfl+. ol$ f.r| 7= (c) q!(e - ro) < 1gg trqel.
zrtEE* ul:l"rlz|. 0o:42""J q= "1ts21? (d) (b)e| (c)E ol*dl,xl ezl +E+"Jg +E6I+.

GT 7llE E}OJ

1. (a) fHolb +gol+ F9,'JzI? (c) lim n-*an:39 +fl9 F6l^=zh?

(b) +H6l-=+++ *I.Jzl? (d) Il=ran:33 +tg *ti}=zP
 8=6.541

2. G) +6l +golt pL"Jzt? ++E "J'J4ql +g ,{e}.

8. (a) zl5xll*
(b) +a fEol* +9."J7t? ,lE4lB ++E fB rlzl+9 *9.flz|?
(b)
(c) +fl B4 +gql .I4 q¤ 'Jg E f ?lEzt? zlE4t ++el +B +rJe *ielz}?
(c)

3. (a) ¤Hl +++ *9,"Jzlf q¤ aaql^'l +B6l+ e. /(z)E +B HlzlBol i?oJ zlExilB *+E tl"l4
+e F!,"Jzl?
7I? 6tzl.
(u) ptfEl #gelzlZ qtr aAql'{ ffl;Jfz}! (a) /E qB4l ul$a|$z|f "f'ql 46J ++e-l +B
HlzlBg +q,oJ7I?
a. E @n: s,3 ol i+el n.4 tE i*"14 6txt
ZoJtr (b) /E "lB4 4g6l+71? I tt"ldrgl 4t Bf
lim.-- a*9 9ut?lzY lim,-- s^¤ 9"I"JzI? E +B HlxlE* *q.'JzlZ
s. +¤-¤ ^l¤6|+. 10. (a) +dol a"J /9 n,xi 9194 Et6J B+ql Ellt
(a) EJ4I SCts r^l+.
(b) 4+ SAH ^1g
(b) +dol a"J /9 Ell"Jel l+"ll r]I* 4-g r{+.
(c) ul.n *4H (c) /9uNfr-=.il ++ql qt
^lg
,ttlE+.
(d) +a u1l' SdB (a) /(r)zl olael Etlgel ++q Br+ e+g qB
(e) E4 t+
+48 7il El6l=z|?
(f) rilg snts *^lg }t14.
(e) e{loJ49
G)ZE4IH S4B
11. trl-g il+E Ell=e{ -rfq r +E H}alE¤ ,rl+.
6. (a) eq +H6h= -o#t Fl,qlz}? (^) Ll$-r) (b) e' (c) sinc
(b) rd ++q
'I4 q¤ "Jg g + 9l=7t?
(c) ad +Bsl-= *++ FL"Jzt.
(d) cosr (e) tan- 1c (f) ln (t + r)

7. nq E+ SAH4 94 +B6l= ++9 *e qB

12. o+r)t9 0l6J ++ dzllE 4et. "l ++q +B
4l ol B6l-=7I?
tlzl$$ $"t?lzt?

8+A ox E4l
Elg E4lE +r+ ,tag tB6I"}. +"1H, r olffi ¤ 7. E t/nl4 +H q+E Hlg *cBee aag +
E6leL zlrl"lts, :1 olffi ¤E6Irl+ H-lillE Eq+. eltr}.

t. lim 11-aan: oolH Eo,g +Bt+. 8. E Llnt1 +B q+E Elg *CEse aAE +
2. A+ Xf:,2-siar o +BeEl. fltr+.

9. 0 < an 1bn"lr Xbnol g-.t}6t{, Xa,,E EJ&

3. lim n--@n: ZolE limr,-- a2n+r: -f,o14.
*+.
4. , c,.6" ol +B6lE, x "^(- 2)^ e +Be+.
5. tc,,6"ol +B5tB, x"*(-6)"E +EtLtrI.
ro.i.qr::
6. , cnnnol c:6oll^l "Jt!6IH, c : L0oll^l Bt! 11. - 1( o < 1olB, lim,,--a" :00]4
e+.
542 r rilsg
=+
12. trr,,ol $4I6IE, t lr,lr HJt{}+. 18. a,, >0olI lim,,-*- (o^*rlo*)< lolE,
limr-- ar, : ool4.
13. /(r) : 2r - *' + t*' - ..- ol EE r ql^l +H6I
19. 0.99999 ...: I
8,.f"'(o):2o14.
20. lim a, :2oJE, lim (a, +s- an): ool4
14. {a,.}4 {4"}"1 g&6].8, {o*+ b,}E g1164. n+@

15. {o^}r+ {b"}ol 94!6}8, {o*b^)E g^!tE+. 21. +B6I= ++ql *tzH9 6Jg +z}6[.tl $$ ,tNE

sE e ++= qdq +BqI4.

16. {a"}ol zJAa}-r. noll 4dl a, > oolE, {o"}
e +H++. 22. ! o, :7oll ! 0,, :,BolH, L o^a^: AB
n: I tl fl
11. a,, > 0ola Er,ol +B6IE, !(- r)"o,E +H olE+
6J+.

8++ EA E4I
t-8. trI¤- +gE +E q+E SC6I?+. +H6IE, +6J
I *"14. 7, ,/"+r-n
20',3r /"-l
gn*
an:;.#
I
2* n3
2. a,,:
1.
tr ;:+7I aa fBalEzl eEI +B6l+zl
21-24. trf¤-
n3 tstal}{ t46I+.
3 a":
r+rr'
4. arr: cos (+) @@

21. I t- 1)"-rrr-t13 22. X t- 1)"-tr-s

-
5.Qn:
n sinz
n2_
o. an:
lnn "|' n=7

7. {(1 +tlda")
-rL
8. {?
,rG
rc)" lnt]i
., t-'r#'r1"'' 24 rfr
t
n:2
1

lnn
7l

e-20. trIg t+el +H q+= sa6I+. 25-2e. +-3 #+q t+g +ot+.
@2,.
2 -rr
si."
"'3'n3+1 ro. \-\
z-,t 3,,
¤ ^2n+
t" 1

26D,1
i;(rL-TlI
,,ES
n=lTL t L
'u' ,,Er

P fr): (-t)" r(, * rn

TJI,.
n=t \/n+ I 27 i {,urr- 1) - tan- }

13 i-+
n:2TLV lnn
u ,\'"(E#) "*lrffi
@2n
\-ln
'u,!# lG
3, (r+2nz)" 2e 1-
"*S-*.*-
17. i 1.3.b....
":*'
Pn
Dnl
I
.(2"-t)
30. ++ i+ 4.77326326326...9 ¤+E E¤6I+.

" p,#f
, -l2n
,, i t- 1)"-' * sl. -EE c9l 46ll coshz >l+
*r'olCgg.g trq4.
 8=+ r 543

x4 qE tlq^l Er:, (hc)"g +H6}E7I? 49, f ("): tl i/To - so. /(") : (1 - 3c)- s
32.
"
s3. r+ E$aE Bs a+ {4 zlflzttzl g sl. +'t #+E I +dzg rgale|

+6|4 *o14.
s2. ++E ol+6ll^l
I''tt*dr9 *t{t¤ ^i
3a. (a) ** 2,#ol +B+s Bq4. Ez{l z}42}xl Aq6}z11 *"}4.
n

oil :09¤ +E6'Iq. /E f a"ll,tJ nx\ 41"J4 tr|6'J E-+-a

rL
(b) lim 53-s4. (a)
,t+@ =^I
^la+.
:e4gE Ag algql fq+
3s. ++ Ef=ro,ol ¤4 +B6IE, +* ++E Aq m(b) /e| 49
(c) Hlgd9 +^lg "l*6ll^l +qd +rJql ilts r"ll
+¤ile -Eq+. ql4 f(r)= T^(x)E 4+EE qH6lE.
=^I (")19 :zilg-e da6i+.
E(+)"" EE<ol (c)9 B4E ln
$. /(r): rE, a:1, n:3,0.9 < r < 1.1
54. fG):secr, o:0, tu:2, 0 < u < rf6
36-39. El¤ fB tlzlErt +B +rJg aFI"+
-"f9
36 ig
n-- |
11"-t-
no
37
n:l
ff
ZJ
(z+2)'
)n
n+
s5. ++E "l+El^J
trl-s +{}g a.}4

38. t 2"(r - 2)"

39 $ 2"(z - 3)"
'",s"T-
n*2 ,,?o J"+ 3

s6. zltseE+El hE k."lq fl= as}ol nr,gl Eal"ll

40. +g ++E fH elzlB¤ *"14. 7}6ll^1ts +qql $o'Jilg ++4 eq.
fr (zn)t n
2, t";Y " rD-- n'LgR2
1** lrf
41. a: z'lo"tlr.'l f G): sinr9 ql"Jq ++E *ot4 q7l^i ag xl+el HlzlEoll sE ?H zla-so1c1.
(a) rE hlRE ,lE4ltql s+ ++s EE6I+.
42. a: zrll"llrJ f@): cosce] El"Jel -rfE *"1+. E (b) r= ol ++E ar{ +ss
=^}^l7lB, ^l
F= rnsz E=trt. ol= E^J h7l Rq Bl6ll g
43-so. qt ,ll=e.fl ++e+ r +B tlzlE
+g /ql d 49 41, "l*¤}4. -a4 ++ qH c4E ol
¤ *otel. (u[=ea ;!+el 4e.lql E6J) zldzlq] %]B +6ll^1, t,xl F= mgzl LEo\ 9^l qq^J 4q
g ol+6t4+, EHI ++e+ 016} ++ 9. "", sinu, tl hel Aq H9lE qB6|+. (8:64ookmE
tan-rrE ,ll=.tr"fl A+!+ zJol olul "JqA ol ol+6I?+.)
=-+E
+g + el+.
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