UNIT IV

Human Movement
(Skeletal and Muscular System)
 Objectives
Describe the classes of
01 List and describe the
functions of bones 02 bones

Describe the function Relate the connections

and structure of skeletal,
03 cardiac muscle and 04 between skeletal system
and sports
smooth muscle

Describe the types of Explain how muscle

05 muscle 06 works
Could you imagine body
without bones?
 Bone
refers to osseous tissue, is a hard,
dense connective tissue that forms
most of the adult skeleton, the
support structure of the body.
Skeletal System
the body system composed of
bones and cartilage and performs
the following critical functions for
the human body.
 Functions of bones for the human body

Protects Supports Moves Produces Blood

Protects Supports Moves Produces blood
Our delicate organs Our muscles use our bones
Our body need a to cause movement:
need protection: framework: - Red and white blood
- The skeleton provides cells are produced in
- The skull protects attachment for the
the brain - The skeleton gives muscles the bone marrow of
shape to our bodies the ribs, humerus,
- The skeleton is jointed,
vertebrae and femur.
- The vertebral which allows a wide
column protects - It holds our vital range of movement
the spinal cord organs in place
- Different joints allow
different types of
- The rib cage - It enables us to movement.
protects the heart achieve a good
and lungs.
posture.
Main parts of
Skeletal
System
Our skeleton is divided
into two parts: axial
skeleton and the
appendicular
skeleton.
 Main parts of
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle
Made up of two clavicles and two scapula’s
Skeletal
This gives us great flexibility in our arms and
shoulder.

System
Arms
Humerus, radius and ulna

Hip girdle
Our skeleton is divided
Supports the lower abdomen and provides a strong

into two parts: axial

joint for the femur
The female pelvis is wider and shallower than the

skeleton and the

male pelvis. This is to make childbearing easier,
but it does make running less efficient

Legs appendicular
skeleton.
Femur, tibia and fibula
 Main parts of
Skull
Shoulder
Made up
Made
girdle
up of
Appendicular

of 28
Axial Skeleton

twobones
Skeleton

clavicles and two scapula’s

Skeletal
This gives
There are also
shoulder.
ear
us great
14 bones
flexibility
in theinface
ourand
arms
sixand
in the

System
Fused together in early childhood
Arms
Protects the brain, eyes and ears
Humerus,mechanisms
Balance radius and ulna
found in the ears

Sternum
Hip girdle
AOur skeleton is divided
Supports
large flat
thebone
lowerat abdomen
the front of
andthe
provides
ribcagea strong

into two parts: axial

joint for
Helps to the
makefemur
the ribs cage stronger.
The female pelvis is wider and shallower than the

skeleton and the

Ribs
male pelvis. This is to make childbearing easier,
but it does
Made up ofmake
12 pairs
running
joined
less
to efficient
the vertebral column

Legs appendicular
Seven pairs are joined to the sternum
Three pairs are joined to the seventh rib (false ribs)
Femur,
Two
skeleton.
ribstibia
are and
unattached
fibula (floating ribs)
The ribcage protects our lungs and heart
Bone classification
Classification of Bones
Features Function(s) Examples
Long Cylinder-like shape, Leverage Femur, tibia, fibula,
The 206 bones that compose the adult skeleton are divided into five
longer than it is wide metatarsals, humerus,
ulna, radius,
categories based on their shapes. metacarpals, phalanges

Short Cube-like shape, Provide stability, support, Carpals, tarsals

approximately equal in while allowing for some
length, width, and motion
thickness

Flat Thin and curved Points of attachment for Sternum, ribs, scapulae,
muscles; protectors of cranial bones
internal organs

Irregular Complex shape Protect internal organs Vertebrae, facial bones

Sesamoid Small and round; Protect tendons from Patellae

embedded in tendons compressive forces
 Kinds of Joint Movements

Slightly Movable
These joints are
Immovable Joints not firmly fixed Free Movable
A formulation of as are comparatively large of
two bones that immovable movement and are of
have been joints prime importance in
fused together. motor performances.
 Planes of the Body

Mid- sagittal
dividing the body
Coronal/ Frontal into right and left Transverse
divides the body into parts; effectively dividing the body into
anterior and the forward and upper and lower
posterior portions; backward plane sections; effectively the
effectively the side rotational movement
movement plane. plane.
Muscular System
There are over 600 skeletal
muscles in the body – 150 in the
head and neck.
 Muscle
Refers to tissue that allows us for
active movement of our body or
materials within our body.
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
CARDIAC muscle
It is very special type of involuntary muscle. It is found only in
the heart. It contracts regularly, continuously and without tiring.

SKELETAL muscle
It’s voluntary muscles work as we instruct them. They are under
our control. They make our bodies move. We use them for
everyday and sporting activities

SMOOTH muscle
Smooth or involuntary muscles work automatically. They are
not under our conscious control.
Major Muscles Group of the Human Body
Our muscles can work in different ways. There are
three main types of muscular contraction:
Isometric
the muscle develops tension
with no change in overall
muscle length

Concentric
How muscle work the muscle shortens as
tension is developed

Eccentric
the muscle develops tension
while it lengthens
THANK YOU!