Hindawi

Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2020, Article ID 4725150, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4725150

Research Article
Solution of Integral Differential Equations by New Double
Integral Transform (Laplace–Sumudu Transform)

Shams A. Ahmed ,1,2 Tarig M. Elzaki ,3 and Abdelgabar Adam Hassan 1

1
Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Jouf University, Tubarjal, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematic, University of Gezira, Sudan
3
Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, University of Jeddah, Alkamil, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence should be addressed to Shams A. Ahmed; shamsalden20@hotmail.com

Received 2 July 2020; Accepted 28 September 2020; Published 19 October 2020

Academic Editor: Okay Celebi

Copyright © 2020 Shams A. Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.

The primary purpose of this research is to demonstrate an efficient replacement double transform named the Laplace–Sumudu
transform (DLST) to unravel integral differential equations. The theorems handling fashionable properties of the Laplace–
Sumudu transform are proved; the convolution theorem with an evidence is mentioned; then, via the usage of these outcomes,
the solution of integral differential equations is built.

1. Introduction by Lx St ½ϕðx, tÞ = ϕðρ, σÞ and defined as

Double integral transform and their characteristics and theo- ð∞ð∞
1
ries are nevertheless new and below studies [1–3], in which Lx St ½ϕðx, t Þ = ϕðρ, σÞ = e−ρx−t/σ ϕðx, t Þdxdt: ð1Þ
σ 0 0
the preceding research treated some components of them
along with definitions, simple theories, and the answer of
Clearly, double Laplace–Sumudu transform is a linear
normal and partial differential equations [4–16]; addition-
integral transformation as shown below:
ally, some researchers addressed these transforms and com-
bine them with exclusive mathematical method such as
Lx St ½γϕðx, t Þ + ηφðx, t Þ
differential transform approach, homotopy perturbation ð ð
technique, Adomian decomposition method, and variational 1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ
= e ½γϕðx, t Þ + ηφðx, t Þdxdt
iteration method [7–16] so that we can solve the linear and σ 0 0
ð∞ð∞
nonlinear fractional differential equations. 1
In this paper, we are ready to spotlight the way during = e−ρx−t/σ γϕðx, t Þdxdt
σ 0 0
which the Laplace–Sumudu transform is blend to solve the ð ð
1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ
integral differential equations. + e ηφðx, t Þdxdt ð2Þ
A wide range of linear integral differential equations are σ
ð ∞ ð0∞ 0
considered which include the Volterra integral equation γ
= e−ρx−t/σ ϕðx, t Þdxdt
(Section 3.1), the Volterra integro-partial differential σ 0 0
equation (Section 3.2), and the partial integro-differential ð ð
η ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ
equation (Section 3.3). + e φðx, t Þdxdt
σ 0 0
= γLx St ½ϕðx, t Þ + ηLx St ½φðx, t Þ,
Definition 1. The double Laplace–Sumudu transform of the
function ϕðx, tÞ of two variables x > 0 and t > 0 is denoted where γ and η are constants.
2 Abstract and Applied Analysis

Definition 2. The inverse double Laplace–Sumudu transform Consequently,

−1
L−1
x St ½ϕðρ, σÞ = ϕðx, tÞ is defined by the following form:
c + dσρ
ð γ+i∞ Lx St ½sin ðcx + dt Þ =  ,
−1   1 ðρ2 + c2 Þ 1 + d 2 σ2
L−1
x St ϕðρ, σÞ = ϕðx, t Þ = eρx dρ ð9Þ
2πi γ−i∞ ρ − cdσ
ð ð3Þ Lx St ½cos ðcx + dt Þ =  :
1 ω+i∞ 1 t/σ ðρ + c2 Þ 1 + d2 σ2
2
 e ϕðρ, σÞ dσ:
2πi ω−i∞ σ
(4) Let ϕðx, tÞ = sinh ðcx + dtÞ or cosh ðcx + dtÞ:
2. Double Laplace–Sumudu Transform of Recall that
Basic Functions
ec x+d t − e−ðc x+d t Þ
sinh ðcx + dt Þ = , cosh ðcx + dt Þ
(1) Let ϕðx, tÞ = 1, x > 0, t > 0, then 2 ð10Þ
ec x+d t + e−ðc x+d t Þ
ð ð = :
1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ 2
ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St ½1 = e dxdt
σ 0 0
ð∞ ð∞ ð4Þ Therefore,
1 −t/σ 1
= e−ρx dx e dt = :
0 0 σ ρ
c + dσρ
Lx St ½sinh ðcx + dt Þ =  ,
ðρ2 − c2 Þ 1 − d 2 σ2
(2) Let ϕðx, tÞ = xc t d , x > 0, t > 0, then ð11Þ
ρ + cdσ
Lx St ½cosh ðcx + dt Þ =  :
h i 1 ð∞ð∞ ðρ − c2 Þ 1 − d2 σ2
2

ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St xc t d = e−ρx−t/σ xc t d dxdt

σ 0 0 pffiffiffiffi
ð∞ ð∞ (5) Let ϕðx, tÞ = J 0 ðc xt Þ, then
1 −t/σ d
= e−ρx xc dx e t dt ð5Þ
0 0 σ h  pffiffiffiffii 1 ð ∞ ð ∞  pffiffiffiffi
Γ½c + 1 d Lx St J 0 c xt = e−ρx−t/σ J 0 c xt dxdt
= σ Γ½d + 1, Re ½c > −1, Re ½d  > −1: σ
ρc+1 ð∞ 0 0 ð
1 −t/σ ∞ −ρx  pffiffiffiffi
= e dt e J 0 c xt dx ð12Þ
0 σ 0
1 h −c2 t/4ρ i 4
If c and d are positive integral, then = S e = ,
ρ 4ρ + σc2
h i c!d!
Lx St xc t d = c+1 σd : ð6Þ where J 0 ðxÞ is the modified Bessel function of order zero.
ρ
(6) Let ϕðx, tÞ = f ðxÞ gðtÞ, then
ð ð
1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ
ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St ½ f ðxÞgðt Þ = e f ðxÞgðt Þdxdt
σ 0 0
(3) Let ϕðx, tÞ = ec x+d t , then ð∞ ð∞
1 −t/σ
= e−ρx f ðxÞdx e gðt Þdt
h i 1 ð∞ð∞ 0 0 σ
ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St ec x+d t = e−ρx−t/σ ec x+d t dxdt = Lx ½ f ðxÞSt ½gðt Þ:
σ 0 0
ð∞ ð7Þ ð13Þ
1 −ðt/σ−dÞt 1
= dx e dt = :
0 σ ð ρ − c Þ ð 1 − dσÞ
2.1. Existence Condition for the Double Laplace–Sumudu
Transform. If ϕðx, tÞ is an exponential order, then c and d
as x → ∞, t → ∞:, and if ∃ a positive constant K such that
Similarly,
∀x > X, t > T, then
h i 1
Lx St eiðc x+d t Þ = jϕðx, t Þj = Kec x+d t , ð14Þ
ðρ − icÞð1 − idσÞ
ð8Þ
ðρ − cdσÞ + iðc + dσρÞ
=   : and we write ϕðx, tÞ = Oec x+d t as x → ∞, t → ∞: Or,
ðρ2 + c2 Þ 1 + d2 σ2 equivalently,
Abstract and Applied Analysis 3

lim e−ρx−t/σ jϕðx, t Þj = K lim e−ðρ−cÞx−ðt/σ−dÞt Proof.

x→∞,t→∞ x→∞,t→∞
1 ð15Þ ð ð
= 0, ρ > c, > d: ∂ϕðx, t Þ 1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ ∂ϕðx, t Þ
σ Lx St = e dxdt
∂t σ 0 0 ∂t
ð ð∞ ð21Þ
1 ∞ −ρx t ∂ϕðx, t Þ
The function ϕðx, tÞ is called an exponential order as x → = e dx e−σ dt:
σ 0 0 ∂t
∞, t → ∞, and clearly, it does not grow faster than Kec x+d t
as x → ∞, t → ∞.
Using integration by parts, let u = e−t/σ , dv = ðð∂ϕðx, tÞÞ/
Ð −ρx
Theorem 3. If a function ϕðx, tÞ is a continuous function in ∂tÞdt, then Lx St ½∂ϕðx, tÞ/∂t = 1/σ ∞ e dxf−ϕðx, 0Þ + 1/σ
Ð ∞ −t/σ 0
every finite interval ð0, XÞ and ð0, TÞ of exponential order 0
e ϕðx, tÞdtg = 1/σϕðρ, σÞ − 1/σLðϕðx, 0ÞÞ.
ec x+d t , then the double Laplace–Sumudu transform of ϕðx, tÞ Similarly, we can prove
exists for all ρ and 1/σ provided Re ½ρ > c and Re ½1/σ > d: " #
∂2 ϕðx, t Þ
Proof. From the Definition 1., we have L x St = ρ2 ϕðρ, σÞ − ρSðϕð0, t ÞÞ
∂x2
ð ð − Sðϕx ð0, t ÞÞ:
1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ " #
ϕðρ, σÞ = e ϕðx, t Þdxdt
σ 0 0 ∂2 ϕðx, t Þ 1 1
ð∞ ð∞ ðIIIÞ Lx St = 2 ϕðρ, σÞ − 2 Lðϕðx, 0ÞÞ
1 −ðt/σ−dÞt ∂t 2 σ σ
≤ K e−ðρ−cÞx dx e dt ð16Þ
0 0 σ 1
K 1 − Lðϕt ðx, 0ÞÞ:
= , Re ½ρ > c, Re > d: σ
ðρ − cÞð1 − dσÞ σ " #
∂2 ϕðx, t Þ ρ ρ
L x St = ϕðρ, σÞ − Lðϕðx, 0ÞÞ
∂x∂t σ σ
Then, from Eq. (16) we have lim jϕðρ, σÞj = 0, or
x→∞,t→∞ ð22Þ
lim ϕðρ, σÞ = 0.
x→∞,t→∞
Theorem 4. If ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St ½ϕðx, tÞ, then
2.2. Basic Derivative Properties of the Double Laplace–
Sumudu Transform. If ϕðρ, σÞ = Lx St ½ϕðx, tÞ, then
Lx St ½ϕðx − δ, t − εÞH ðx − δ, t − εÞ = e−ρδ−ε/σ ϕðρ, σÞ, ð23Þ

∂ϕðx, t Þ
ðIÞ Lx St = ρϕðρ, σÞ − S½ϕð0, t Þ: ð17Þ where Hðx, tÞ is the Heaviside unit step function defined
∂x
by
( )
Proof. 1, x > δ, t > ε
H ðx − δ, t − εÞ = : ð24Þ
ð∞ð∞ 0, otherwise
∂ϕðx, t Þ 1 ∂ϕðx, t Þ
L x St = e−ρx−t/σ dxdt
∂x σ 0 0 ∂x Proof. We have, by Definition 1.,
ð ð ð18Þ
1 ∞ −t/σ ∞ −ρx ∂ϕðx, t Þ
= e dt e dx:
σ 0 0 ∂x
Lx St ½ϕðx − δ, t − εÞH ðx − δ, t − εÞ
ð ð
Using integration by parts, let u = e −ρx
, dv = ð ð∂ϕðx, tÞÞ/ 1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ
= e ϕðx − δ, t − εÞH ðx − δ, t − εÞdxdt
∂x Þdx, then σ 0 0
ð∞ð∞
1
ð∞ ð∞ = e−ρx−t/σ ϕðx − δ, t − εÞdxd,
∂ϕðx, t Þ 1 σ δ ε
Lx St = e−t/σ dt −ϕð0, t Þ + ρ e−ρx ϕðx, t Þdx ð25Þ
∂x σ 0 0
= ρϕðρ, σÞ − Sðϕð0, t ÞÞ:
ð19Þ that is, by putting x − δ = q, t − ε = w
ð∞ð∞
−ρδ−ε/σ 1
=e e−ρq−w/σ ϕðq, wÞ dq dw
∂ϕðx, t Þ 1 1 σ 0 0 ð26Þ
ðIIÞ Lx St = ϕðρ, σÞ − Lðϕðx, 0ÞÞ: ð20Þ
∂t σ σ = e−ρδ−ε/σ ϕðρ, σÞ:
4 Abstract and Applied Analysis

2.3. Convolution Theorem of Double Laplace– where ϕðx, tÞ is the unknown function, λ is a constant, and
Sumudu Transform gðx, tÞ and ψðx, tÞ are two known functions. Applying the
double Laplace–Sumudu transform (DLST) with linearity
Definition 5. The convolution of ϕðx, tÞ and ψðx, tÞ is to both sides of equation (32) and using Theorem 6 (convo-
denoted by ðϕ∗∗ψÞðx, tÞ and defined by lution theorem), we get
ðx ðt
ϕðρ, σÞ = g  ðρ, σÞ:
 ðρ, σÞ + λσϕðρ, σÞψ ð33Þ
ðϕ∗∗ψÞðx, t Þ = ϕðx − δ, t − εÞψðδ, εÞdδdε: ð27Þ
0 0
Consequently,
Theorem 6. (convolution theorem) If Lx St ½ϕðx, tÞ = ϕðρ, σÞ
 ðρ, σÞ, then
and Lx St ½ψðx, tÞ = ψ  ðρ, σÞ
g
ϕðρ, σÞ = : ð34Þ
1 − λσψ ðρ, σÞ
 ðρ, σÞ:
Lx St ½ðϕ∗∗ψÞðx, t Þ = σϕðρ, σÞψ ð28Þ
−1
Taking L−1
x St ½ϕðρ, σÞ for equation (34), we obtain the
Proof. From the definition 1., we have solution ϕðx, tÞ of equation (32).

Lx St ½ðϕ∗∗ψÞðx, t Þ ðρ, σÞ
g
ð ð ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St : ð35Þ
1 ∞ ∞ −ρx−t/σ  ðρ, σÞ
1 − λσψ
= e ðϕ∗∗ψÞðx, t Þdxdt
σ 0 0
ð∞ð∞ ðx ðt We illustrate the above method by simple examples.
1 −ρx−t/σ
= e ϕðx − δ, t − εÞψðδ, εÞdδdε dxdt,
σ 0 0 0 0 (a) Solve the equation
ð29Þ
ðxðt
which is, using the Heaviside unit step function, ϕðx, t Þ = a − λ ϕðδ, εÞdδdε: ð36Þ
0 0
ð∞ð∞ ð∞ð∞
1
= e−ρx−t/σ ϕðx − δ, t − εÞH where a and λ are constant.
σ 0 0 0 0
Applying the double Laplace–Sumudu transform (DLST)
 ðx − δ, t − εÞψðδ, εÞdδdε dxdt of equation (36), we get

ð∞ð∞ ð∞ð∞ a λσ
1 ϕðρ, σÞ = − ϕðρ, σÞ: ð37Þ
= ψðδ, εÞdδdε e−ρx−t/σ ϕðx − δ, t − εÞH ρ ρ
0 0 σ 0 0

 ðx − δ, t − εÞdxdt , Consequently,
a
ð30Þ ϕðρ, σÞ = : ð38Þ
ρ + λσ
that is, by Theorem 4 gives −1
Taking L−1 x St for equation (38), we obtain the solution
ð∞ð∞ n o ϕðx, tÞ of equation (36).
= ψðδ, εÞdδdε e−ρδ−ε/σ ϕðρ, σÞ
0 0  pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
ð∞ð∞ a
ð31Þ ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St = aJ 0 2 λxt : ð39Þ
= ϕðρ, σÞ e−ρδ−ε/σ ψðδ, εÞdδdε ρ + λσ
0 0
 ðρ, σÞ:
= σϕðρ, σÞψ

3. Application of Laplace–Sumudu Transform (b) Solve the equation

(DLST) of Integral Differential Equations
ðx ðt
In this section, we apply the double Laplace–Sumudu trans- a2 t = ϕðx − δ, t − εÞϕðδ, εÞdδdε, ð40Þ
form (DLST) method to linear integral differential equations. 0 0

3.1. Volterra Integral Equation. Consider the linear Volterra where a is a constant.
integral equation as form Applying (DLST) of equation (40), we get
ðx ðt
a2 σ
ϕðx, t Þ = gðx, t Þ + λ ϕðx − δ, t − εÞψðδ, εÞdδdε, ð32Þ = σϕ2 ðρ, σÞ: ð41Þ
0 0 ρ
Abstract and Applied Analysis 5

"
Or 1
ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St  
a 1 + σρ − λσ2 ψ
 ðρ, σÞ
ϕðρ, σÞ = pffiffiffi : ð42Þ # ð50Þ
ρ h i
 f 0 ðρÞ + σh0 ðσÞ + σ
gðρ, σÞ :
−1
Taking L−1 x St for equation (42), we obtain the solution
ϕðx, tÞ of equation (40). We illustrate the above method by a simple example.

−1 a a 1 (d) Solve the equation

ϕðx, t Þ = L−1
x St pffiffiffi = pffiffiffi : pffiffiffi : ð43Þ
ρ π x
By substituting ψðδ, εÞ = 1, λ = 1, gðx, tÞ = −1 + ex + et +
x+t
e in (47), we have got

∂ϕðx, t Þ ∂ϕðx, t Þ
(c) Solve the equation + = −1 + ex + et + ex+t
∂x ∂t
ðx ðt ð51Þ
ðx ðt + ϕðx − δ, t − εÞ dδ dε,
0 0
eδ−ε ϕðx − δ, t − εÞdδdε = xex−t − xex : ð44Þ
0 0
with the conditions:
Applying (DLST) of equation (44), we get
ϕðx, 0Þ = ex = f 0 ðxÞ, ϕð0, t Þ = et = h0 ðt Þ: ð52Þ

σ ϕðρ, σÞ 1 1 Substituting
= − : ð45Þ
ðρ − 1Þð1 + σÞ ðρ − 1Þ ð1 + σÞ ðρ − 1Þ2
2

1 1
f 0 ðρ Þ = , h ðσÞ = ðρ, σÞ
,g
Simplifying and taking L−1 −1 ρ−1 0 1−σ
x St for equation (45), we ð53Þ
obtain −1 1 1 1
= + + +
ρ ρ − 1 ρð1 − σÞ ðρ − 1Þð1 − σÞ
−1
ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St = −ex : ð46Þ
ð − 1Þ
ρ in (50) and simplifying, we get the solution of (51)

1
3.2. Volterra Integro-Partial Differential Equations. Consider ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St = ex+t : ð54Þ
the linear Volterra integro-partial differential equation as ðρ − 1Þð1 − σÞ
form
3.3. Partial Integro-Differential Equation. Consider the linear
∂ϕðx, t Þ ∂ϕðx, t Þ partial integro-differential equation as form
+
∂x ∂t
ðxðt ð47Þ ∂2 ϕðx, t Þ ∂2 ϕðx, t Þ
− + ϕðx, t Þ
= gðx, t Þ + λ ϕðx − δ, t − εÞψðδ, εÞdδdε, ∂t 2 ∂x2
0 0 ðxðt ð55Þ
+ ψðx − δ, t − εÞ ϕðδ, εÞ dδ dε = gðx, t Þ,
0 0
with the conditions:
with the conditions:
ϕðx, 0Þ = f 0 ðxÞ, ϕð0, t Þ = h0 ðt Þ, ð48Þ
∂ϕðx, 0Þ
where ϕðx, tÞ is the unknown function, λ is a constant, and ϕðx, 0Þ = f 0 ðxÞ, = f 1 ðxÞ, ϕð0, t Þ
∂t ð56Þ
gðx, tÞ and ψðx, tÞ are two known functions. ∂ϕð0, t Þ
Applying (DLST) to both sides of (47) and single (LT) = h0 ðt Þ, = h 1 ð t Þ:
∂x
and (ST) for equation (48) and simplification, we get
Applying (DLST) to both sides of (55) and single (LT)
f ðρÞ + σh0 ðσÞ + σgðρ, σÞ and (ST) for equation (56) and simplification, we get
ϕðρ, σÞ = 0 2  : ð49Þ
1 + σρ − λσ ψ  ðρ, σÞ
f 0 ðρÞ + σf 1 ðρÞ − σ2 ρ h0 ðσÞ − σ2 h1 ðσÞ + σ2 g
 ðρ, σÞ
ϕðρ, σÞ = :
−1
2 2 2 3 
ð1 − σ ρ + σ + σ ψðρ, σÞÞ
Applying L−1
x St to (49), we obtain the solution of (47) in
the form ð57Þ
6 Abstract and Applied Analysis

−1
Applying L−1
x St to (57), we obtain the solution of (55) in
Conflicts of Interest
the form
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
" #
f 0 ðρÞ + σf 1 ðρÞ − σ2 ρ h0 ðσÞ − σ2 h1 ðσÞ + σ2 g
 ðρ, σÞ
ϕðx, t Þ = L−1 −1
x St :
 ðρ, σÞÞ
ð1 − σ2 ρ2 + σ2 + σ3 ψ References
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